17 results on '"Gudlaugsson, Olafur"'
Search Results
2. Determining SARS-CoV-2 non-infectivity state–A brief overview
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Brynjolfsson, Siggeir F., primary, Sigurgrimsdottir, Hildur, additional, Gudlaugsson, Olafur, additional, Kristjansson, Mar, additional, Kristinsson, Karl G., additional, and Ludviksson, Bjorn R., additional
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- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Additional file 1 of Development of a prognostic model of COVID-19 severity: a population-based cohort study in Iceland
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Eythorsson, Elias, Bjarnadottir, Valgerdur, Runolfsdottir, Hrafnhildur Linnet, Helgason, Dadi, Ingvarsson, Ragnar Freyr, Bjornsson, Helgi K., Olafsdottir, Lovisa Bjork, Bjarnadottir, Solveig, Agustsson, Arnar Snaer, Oskarsdottir, Kristin, Thorvaldsson, Hrafn Hliddal, Kristjansdottir, Gudrun, Bjornsson, Aron Hjalti, Emilsdottir, Arna R., Armannsdottir, Brynja, Gudlaugsson, Olafur, Hansdottir, Sif, Gottfredsson, Magnus, Bjarnason, Agnar, Sigurdsson, Martin I., Indridason, Olafur S., and Palsson, Runolfur
- Abstract
Additional file 1.
- Published
- 2022
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- View/download PDF
4. Detailed Multiplex Analysis of SARS-CoV-2 Specific Antibodies in COVID-19 Disease
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Brynjolfsson, Siggeir F., primary, Sigurgrimsdottir, Hildur, additional, Einarsdottir, Elin D., additional, Bjornsdottir, Gudrun A., additional, Armannsdottir, Brynja, additional, Baldvinsdottir, Gudrun E., additional, Bjarnason, Agnar, additional, Gudlaugsson, Olafur, additional, Gudmundsson, Sveinn, additional, Sigurdardottir, Sigurveig T., additional, Love, Arthur, additional, Kristinsson, Karl G., additional, and Ludviksson, Bjorn R., additional
- Published
- 2021
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- View/download PDF
5. Attributable mortality of nosocomial candidemia, revisited
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Gudlaugsson, Olafur, Gillespie, Shane, Lee, Kathleen, Berg, Jeff Vande, Hu, Jianfang, Messer, Shawn, Herwaldt, Loreen, Pfaller, Michael, and Diekema, Daniel
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Health ,Health care industry - Published
- 2003
6. ARDS from miliary tuberculosis successfully treated with ECMO
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Vesteinsdottir, Edda, primary, Myrdal, Gunnar, additional, Sverrisson, Kristinn O., additional, Skarphedinsdottir, Sigurbjorg J., additional, Gudlaugsson, Olafur, additional, and Karason, Sigurbergur, additional
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- 2019
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7. Pandemic vaccination strategies and influenza severe outcomes during the influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 pandemic and the post-pandemic influenza season: the Nordic experience
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Gil Cuesta, Julita, Aavitsland, Preben, Englund, Hélène, Gudlaugsson, Olafur, Hauge, Siri Helene, Lyytikäinen, Outi, Sigmundsdóttir, Guðrún, Tegnell, Anders, Virtanen, Mikko, Krause, Tyra Grove, and Fischer, Thea Kølsen
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0301 basic medicine ,Male ,Pediatrics ,Epidemiology ,Severity of Illness Index ,law.invention ,0302 clinical medicine ,Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype ,law ,Pregnancy ,Risk Factors ,Pandemic ,Prevalence ,Cumulative incidence ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Child ,Aged, 80 and over ,Incidence (epidemiology) ,Middle Aged ,Intensive care unit ,Vaccination ,Hospitalization ,Survival Rate ,Intensive Care Units ,Treatment Outcome ,Influenza Vaccines ,Child, Preschool ,symbols ,Human mortality from H5N1 ,Female ,Seasons ,Adult ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Adolescent ,030106 microbiology ,Scandinavian and Nordic Countries ,Mass Vaccination ,03 medical and health sciences ,symbols.namesake ,Young Adult ,Virology ,Influenza, Human ,Journal Article ,medicine ,Humans ,Comparative Study ,Poisson regression ,Pandemics ,Aged ,business.industry ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Infant ,Relative risk ,business ,Demography - Abstract
During the 2009/10 influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 pandemic, the five Nordic countries adopted different approaches to pandemic vaccination. We compared pandemic vaccination strategies and severe influenza outcomes, in seasons 2009/10 and 2010/11 in these countries with similar influenza surveillance systems. We calculated the cumulative pandemic vaccination coverage in 2009/10 and cumulative incidence rates of laboratory confirmed A(H1N1)pdm09 infections, intensive care unit (ICU) admissions and deaths in 2009/10 and 2010/11. We estimated incidence risk ratios (IRR) in a Poisson regression model to compare those indicators between Denmark and the other countries. The vaccination coverage was lower in Denmark (6.1%) compared with Finland (48.2%), Iceland (44.1%), Norway (41.3%) and Sweden (60.0%). In 2009/10 Denmark had a similar cumulative incidence of A(H1N1)pdm09 ICU admissions and deaths compared with the other countries. In 2010/11 Denmark had a significantly higher cumulative incidence of A(H1N1)pdm09 ICU admissions (IRR: 2.4; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.9–3.0) and deaths (IRR: 8.3; 95% CI: 5.1–13.5). Compared with Denmark, the other countries had higher pandemic vaccination coverage and experienced less A(H1N1)pdm09-related severe outcomes in 2010/11. Pandemic vaccination may have had an impact on severe influenza outcomes in the post-pandemic season. Surveillance of severe outcomes may be used to compare the impact of influenza between seasons and support different vaccination strategies.
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- 2015
8. The role and utilisation of public health evaluations in Europe: a case study of national hand hygiene campaigns
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Latham, Jonathan R., Magiorakos, Anna-Pelagia, Monnet, Dominique Louis, Alleaume, Sophie, Aspevall, Olov, Blacky, Alexander, Borg, Michael, Ciurus, Maria, Costa, Ana Cristina, Cunney, Robert, Dolinšek, Mojca, Dumpis, Uga, Erne, Sabine, Gudlaugsson, Olafur, Hedlova, Dana, Heisbourg, Elisabeth, Holt, Jette, Kerbo, Natalia, Sorknes, Nina Kristine, Lyytikäinen, Outi, Maltezou, Helena C., Michael, Stavroula, Moro, Maria Luisa, Reichardt, Christiane, Stefkovicova, Maria, Szilágyi, Emese, Valinteliene, Rolanda, Vatcheva-Dobrevska, Rossitza, Viseur, Natacha, Voss, Andreas, Woodward, Suzette, Cordier, Laura, Jansen, Andreas, Spanish Hand Hygiene Campaign, and Spanish Hand Hygiene Campaign
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Program evaluation ,medicine.medical_specialty ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Medical personnel ,Healthcare associated infections ,VDP::Midical sciences: 700::Health sciences: 800::Health service and health administration research: 806 ,Cohort Studies ,Hygiene ,Environmental health ,Epidemiology ,medicine ,Infection control ,media_common.cataloged_instance ,Humans ,Hand Hygiene ,European union ,Evaluation ,GeneralLiterature_REFERENCE(e.g.,dictionaries,encyclopedias,glossaries) ,media_common ,Public health ,business.industry ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Hand washing ,Europe ,Intervention (law) ,VDP::Medisinske fag: 700::Helsefag: 800::Helsetjeneste- og helseadministrasjonsforskning: 806 ,lnfectious Diseases and Global Health Radboud Institute for Health Sciences [Radboudumc 4] ,Evidence-based public health ,Public Health ,Cohort analysis ,Biostatistics ,business ,Program Evaluation ,Research Article - Abstract
Background: Evaluations are essential to judge the success of public health programmes. In Europe, the proportion of public health programmes that undergo evaluation remains unclear. The European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control sought to determine the frequency of evaluations amongst European national public health programmes by using national hand hygiene campaigns as an example of intervention. Methods. A cohort of all national hand hygiene campaigns initiated between 2000 and 2012 was utilised for the analysis. The aim was to collect information about evaluations of hand hygiene campaigns and their frequency. The survey was sent to nominated contact points for healthcare-associated infection surveillance in European Union and European Economic Area Member States. Results: Thirty-six hand hygiene campaigns in 20 countries were performed between 2000 and 2012. Of these, 50% had undergone an evaluation and 55% of those utilised the WHO hand hygiene intervention self-assessment tool. Evaluations utilised a variety of methodologies and indicators in assessing changes in hand hygiene behaviours pre and post intervention. Of the 50% of campaigns that were not evaluated, two thirds reported that both human and financial resource constraints posed significant barriers for the evaluation. Conclusion: The study identified an upward trend in the number of hand hygiene campaigns implemented in Europe. It is likely that the availability of the internationally-accepted evaluation methodology developed by the WHO contributed to the evaluation of more hand hygiene campaigns in Europe. Despite this rise, hand hygiene campaigns appear to be under-evaluated. The development of simple, programme-specific, standardised guidelines, evaluation indicators and other evidence-based public health materials could help promote evaluations across all areas of public health., peer-reviewed
- Published
- 2014
9. Changing Epidemiology of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Iceland from 2000 to 2008: a Challenge to Current Guidelines
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Holzknecht, Barbara Juliane, primary, Hardardottir, Hjördis, additional, Haraldsson, Gunnsteinn, additional, Westh, Henrik, additional, Valsdottir, Freyja, additional, Boye, Kit, additional, Karlsson, Sigfus, additional, Kristinsson, Karl Gustaf, additional, and Gudlaugsson, Olafur, additional
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- 2010
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10. Changing Epidemiology of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureusin Iceland from 2000 to 2008: a Challenge to Current Guidelines
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Holzknecht, Barbara Juliane, Hardardottir, Hjo¨rdis, Haraldsson, Gunnsteinn, Westh, Henrik, Valsdottir, Freyja, Boye, Kit, Karlsson, Sigfus, Kristinsson, Karl Gustaf, and Gudlaugsson, Olafur
- Abstract
ABSTRACTThe epidemiology of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA) is continuously changing. Iceland has a low incidence of MRSA. A “search and destroy” policy (screening patients with defined risk factors and attempting eradication in carriers) has been implemented since 1991. Clinical and microbiological data of all MRSA patients from the years 2000 to 2008 were collected prospectively. Isolates were characterized by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), sequencing of the repeat region of the Staphylococcusprotein A gene (spatyping), staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec(SCCmec) typing, and screening for the Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL) gene. Two hundred twenty-six infected (60%) or colonized (40%) individuals were detected (annual incidence 2.5 to 16/100,000). From 2000 to 2003, two health care-associated outbreaks dominated (spatypes t037 and t2802), which were successfully controlled with extensive infection control measures. After 2004, an increasing number of community-associated (CA) cases without relation to the health care system occurred. A great variety of clones (40 PFGE types and 49 spatypes) were found, reflecting an influx of MRSA from abroad. The USA300 and Southwest Pacific (SWP) clones were common. SCCmectype IV was most common (72%), and 38% of the isolates were PVL positive. The incidence of MRSA in Iceland has increased since 1999 but remains low and has been stable in the last years. The search and destroy policy was effective to control MRSA in the health care setting. However, MRSA in Iceland is now shifting into the community, challenging the current Icelandic guidelines, which are tailored to the health care system.
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- 2010
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11. Low Mortality of Staphylococcus aureus Bacteremia in Icelandic Children: Nationwide Study on Incidence and Outcome.
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Department of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital; †Unit of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; ‡Department of Infectious Diseases; §Department of Infection Control; ¶Department of Clinical Microbiology, Landspitali University Hospital, Reykjavík, Iceland; ‖Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland; **The Children's Hospital Iceland, Landspitali University Hospital, Reykjavík, Iceland; and ††Department of Internal Medicine, Akureyri Hospital, Akureyri, Iceland, Asgeirsson, Hilmir, Gudlaugsson, Olafur, Kristinsson, Karl G, Vilbergsson, Gauti R, Heiddal, Sigurdur, Haraldsson, Asgeir, Weiland, Ola, Kristjansson, Mar, Department of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital; †Unit of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; ‡Department of Infectious Diseases; §Department of Infection Control; ¶Department of Clinical Microbiology, Landspitali University Hospital, Reykjavík, Iceland; ‖Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland; **The Children's Hospital Iceland, Landspitali University Hospital, Reykjavík, Iceland; and ††Department of Internal Medicine, Akureyri Hospital, Akureyri, Iceland, Asgeirsson, Hilmir, Gudlaugsson, Olafur, Kristinsson, Karl G, Vilbergsson, Gauti R, Heiddal, Sigurdur, Haraldsson, Asgeir, Weiland, Ola, and Kristjansson, Mar
- Abstract
To access publisher's full text version of this article click on the hyperlink at the bottom of the page, Staphylococcus aureus is a major cause of blood stream infections, but population-based studies on pediatric S. aureus bacteremia (SAB) are sparse. The objective of the study was to evaluate the incidence and mortality of SAB in Icelandic children over time, and to assess the proportions of nosocomial and health-care-associated infections., Children <18 years with positive blood cultures for S. aureus from January 1995 through December 2011 were identified retrospectively at the clinical microbiology laboratories performing blood cultures in Iceland. Clinical data were collected from medical records., In total, 140 children had 146 distinct episodes of SAB. Bacteremia-related mortality was 0.7% (1/146), all-cause 30-day mortality, 1.4% (2/146), and 1-year mortality, 3.6% (5/140). The annual incidence of SAB was 10.9/100,000 children, decreasing by 36% from 13.1/100,000 in 1995-2003 to 8.4/100,000 in 2004-2011 (P < 0.001). At the same time the annual number of blood cultures analyzed at the main study site decreased from 1529 to 1143 (25%). SAB incidence was highest in infants (<1 year), 58.8/100,000. Of 146 episodes 50 (34%) were nosocomial, 21 (14%) health-care associated and 75 (51%) community acquired. No methicillin-resistant S. aureus isolate was identified., In this nationwide study on pediatric SAB, the case fatality ratio was very low. A decreasing incidence was seen, possibly related to fewer blood cultures being collected. Nosocomial and health-care-associated infections accounted for 50% of the cases. The findings provide useful information on the epidemiology and outcome of SAB in children.
12. [Lyme disease in Iceland - Epidemiology from 2011 to 2015].
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Vigfusson HB, Hardarson HS, Ludviksson BR, and Gudlaugsson O
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- Hospitals, University, Humans, Iceland epidemiology, Lyme Disease diagnosis, Lyme Disease microbiology, Retrospective Studies, Time Factors, Lyme Disease epidemiology
- Abstract
Introduction: Lyme disease is caused by an infection with Borrelia burgdorferi sensu latu (B. burgdorferi sl.) which is carried by Ixodes ticks. The disease has not been considered to be endemic in Iceland and no cases of Icelandic origin have been published. The epidemiology of Lyme disease in Iceland has never been studied. The objective of this study was to provide basic epidemiological information about Lyme disease in Iceland., Material and Methods: Included in the study were all pa--tients who had a measurement of serum antibodies against B. burgdorferi sl. or were diagnosed with Lyme disease (ICD-10, A69.2) at Landspítali University Hospital in Iceland from 2011-2015. Clinical data regarding these patients was retrospectively collected from medical records and the database of the Department of clinical microbiology at Landspítali University Hospital., Results: 501 patient had a measurement of serum antibodies against B. burgdorferi sl. and 11 patients were clinically diag-nosed with Lyme disease during the study period. 33 patients fulfilled criteria for a confirmed diagnosis of Lyme disease. 32 (97%) patients had erythema migrans and one (3%) patient had neuroborreliosis. An average of 6.6 cases were diagnosed a year (two cases per 100,000 persons/year). All cases originated abroad., Conclusions: Lyme disease is rare in Iceland. On average around 6 to 7 cases are diagnosed every year, primarily localised infec-tions presenting as erythema migrans. None of the cases had a definitive Icelandic origin and the yearly number of cases has not been increasing.
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- 2019
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- View/download PDF
13. [Malaria and Iceland[Editorial]].
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Gudlaugsson O
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- 2016
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14. The role and utilisation of public health evaluations in Europe: a case study of national hand hygiene campaigns.
- Author
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Latham JR, Magiorakos AP, Monnet DL, Alleaume S, Aspevall O, Blacky A, Borg M, Ciurus M, Costa AC, Cunney R, Dolinšek M, Dumpis U, Erne S, Gudlaugsson O, Hedlova D, Heisbourg E, Holt J, Kerbo N, Sorknes NK, Lyytikäinen O, Maltezou HC, Michael S, Moro ML, Reichardt C, Stefkovicova M, Szilágyi E, Valinteliene R, Vatcheva-Dobrevska R, Viseur N, Voss A, Woodward S, Cordier L, and Jansen A
- Subjects
- Cohort Studies, Europe, Humans, Hand Hygiene organization & administration, Hand Hygiene statistics & numerical data, Program Evaluation statistics & numerical data, Public Health statistics & numerical data
- Abstract
Background: Evaluations are essential to judge the success of public health programmes. In Europe, the proportion of public health programmes that undergo evaluation remains unclear. The European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control sought to determine the frequency of evaluations amongst European national public health programmes by using national hand hygiene campaigns as an example of intervention., Methods: A cohort of all national hand hygiene campaigns initiated between 2000 and 2012 was utilised for the analysis. The aim was to collect information about evaluations of hand hygiene campaigns and their frequency. The survey was sent to nominated contact points for healthcare-associated infection surveillance in European Union and European Economic Area Member States., Results: Thirty-six hand hygiene campaigns in 20 countries were performed between 2000 and 2012. Of these, 50% had undergone an evaluation and 55% of those utilised the WHO hand hygiene intervention self-assessment tool. Evaluations utilised a variety of methodologies and indicators in assessing changes in hand hygiene behaviours pre and post intervention. Of the 50% of campaigns that were not evaluated, two thirds reported that both human and financial resource constraints posed significant barriers for the evaluation., Conclusion: The study identified an upward trend in the number of hand hygiene campaigns implemented in Europe. It is likely that the availability of the internationally-accepted evaluation methodology developed by the WHO contributed to the evaluation of more hand hygiene campaigns in Europe. Despite this rise, hand hygiene campaigns appear to be under-evaluated. The development of simple, programme-specific, standardised guidelines, evaluation indicators and other evidence-based public health materials could help promote evaluations across all areas of public health.
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
15. [Epidemiology of needlesticks at Landspítali University Hospital during the years 1986-2011. A descriptive study].
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Jelle AE, Hafsteinsdottir EJ, Gudlaugsson O, and Kristjansson M
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- Guideline Adherence, Hepatitis B diagnosis, Hepatitis B prevention & control, Hepatitis B transmission, Hepatitis B Vaccines administration & dosage, Hepatitis C diagnosis, Hepatitis C prevention & control, Hepatitis C transmission, Humans, Iceland epidemiology, Incidence, Infectious Disease Transmission, Patient-to-Professional, Needlestick Injuries prevention & control, Occupational Diseases prevention & control, Occupational Exposure, Practice Guidelines as Topic, Retrospective Studies, Risk Factors, Time Factors, Vaccination, Hepatitis B epidemiology, Hepatitis C epidemiology, Hospitals, University, Medical Staff, Hospital, Needlestick Injuries epidemiology, Occupational Diseases epidemiology, Occupational Health
- Abstract
Introduction: Needlesticks, bodyfluid exposure and bites (incident) put healthcare workers (HCWs) at risk of hepatitis B, C and HIV particularly if patients are infected (high risk incident). The risk of infection is greatest from bore-hollow needles. The aim of the study was to describe the epidemiology of reported incidents and evaluate underreporting by HCWs at Landspítali University Hospital (LUH)., Methods: A retrospective descriptive study of reported incidents during 1986-2011. The ratio of incidents was calculated according to the HCWs age and profession and distribution by source and wards. The ratio of high risk incidents and vaccination status against HBV at time of incident was determined as well as underreporting during 01.01.2005-31.12.2011., Results: At least 4089 incidents occured during the study period but 3587 were reported and blood samples taken from 2578 patients. Approximately a third of the incidents were associated with non-compliance with standard precaution and 54,7% of needlesticks were associated with bore-hollow needles. Few reports came from physicians and medical students (17,9%). During the study period 50,3% HCWs were vaccinated against HBV at time of incident. High risk incidents were 94 (2.6%), mostly related to hepatitis C (64,9%). Two HCWs became infected with HCV. During 2005-2011 underreporting was estimated to be 28,0%., Conclusion: Improved education of standard precaution when handling needles and sharps at LUH may reduce the number of incidents. Introduction of safety-needles and safety-devices may greatly reduce needlesticks as a large number of incidents were associated with hollow needles. Improved HBV vaccination among HCWs and reporting incidents should be encouraged.
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- 2013
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16. [Intensive care patients with influenza A (H1N1) infection in Iceland 2009].
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Sigurdsson GH, Möller AD, Kristinsson B, Gudlaugsson O, Kárason S, Sigurdsson SE, Kristjánsson M, and Sigvaldason K
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- APACHE, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Child, Child, Preschool, Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation, Female, Humans, Iceland epidemiology, Incidence, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype genetics, Influenza, Human epidemiology, Influenza, Human virology, Male, Middle Aged, Prospective Studies, Respiration, Artificial, Retrospective Studies, Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction, Risk Factors, Severity of Illness Index, Time Factors, Treatment Outcome, Young Adult, Critical Care, Disease Outbreaks, Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype isolation & purification, Influenza, Human therapy
- Abstract
Background: We describe the main characteristics of patients that required intensive care due to the influenza (H1N1) outbreak in 2009., Methods: Retrospective and prospective analysis of medical records from patients admitted to ICU with positive RT-PCR for (H1N1)., Results: During a six week period in the fall of 2009, 16 patients were admitted to intensive care in Iceland with confirmed H1N1 infection. Mean age was 48 years (range 1-81). Most patients were considered quite healthy but the majority had risk factors such as smoking, obesity or hypertension. All but one had fever, cough, dyspnea and bilateral infiltrates on chest x-ray and developed any organ failures (mean SOFA score 7). 12 needed mechanical ventilation and two extra corporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). Mean APACHE II score was 20. No patient died in the ICU but one elderly patient with multiple underlying diseases died a few days after being discharged from the ICU., Conclusions: (1) The incidence of severe influenza A (H1N1) that leads to ICU admission appears to be high in Iceland. (2) Many patients developed acute respiratory distress syndrome in addition to other organ failures, and required additional measures for oxygenation such as prone position, nitric oxide inhalation and ECMO. (3) 28 day mortality was low. (4) This study will aid in future outbreak planning in Iceland. Key words: influenza A, pneumonia, multiple organ failure, death rate, intensive care, ventilator therapy, ECMO.
- Published
- 2010
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- View/download PDF
17. [Development of antibiotic resistance and ways to fight back].
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Gudlaugsson O
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- Humans, Anti-Bacterial Agents therapeutic use, Drug Resistance, Bacterial
- Published
- 2008
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