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To compare the efficacy of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) injection vs dry needling (DN) for management of trigger points in the masseter muscle in myofascial pain syndrome (MPS) patients.This randomized controlled trial included 30 clinically confirmed cases of myofascial trigger points (MTrPs) in the masseter muscle who were randomly and equally (1:1) assigned to the test (PRP) and control (DN) groups. Both groups were evaluated for pain (visual analog scale [VAS]), range of functional movements, need for pain medication, patient satisfaction (Likert scale), and sleep (VAS) at baseline and 2-week, 1-month, and 3-month follow-ups. VAS pain and Likert score were also obtained at 6-month intervals.The use of PRP solution in MTrPs in MPS patients had a better effect on pain and patient satisfaction compared to DN.PRP appears to be a more effective treatment modality compared to DN in the management of MTrPs in MPS patients.

Microbial organisms are key drivers in processes related to human health, industrial biotechnology, and environmental ecology. In our attempts to predict, control, and design biological outcomes in each of these application areas, we require both an understanding of how microbes encode and perform their innate functions and the tools to implement engineering decisions. Here we present new technologies for interrogating genome function and editing genomes to carry out user-defined functions. First, we describe the development of CRISPRi as a platform for high-throughput genome annotation, focusing on a proof-of-concept in Escherichia coli to demonstrate our ability to map the genotype-phenotype-function landscape and uncover new design considerations for improving CRISPRi-based genetic screens. Next, we present the creation of a platform strain of Escherichia coli that achieves high rates of multiplex genome editing while retaining a low background mutagenesis rate, a favorable tradeoff that many editing strains have struggled to achieve. Finally, we report the design of novel CRISPR architectures that act not only as promising scaffolds for effector fusions but can also be programmed to sense and respond to endogenous cellular signals. Together, these technologies improve our ability to rapidly understand and engineer microbial behaviors.

Background Trigeminal neuralgia (TN) is a severe form of pain that affects the daily activities of a patient. Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) therapy is an emerging option for the treatment of acute and chronic pain. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of TENS therapy as an adjunct to drug therapy for the treatment of TN. Methods A total of 52 patients diagnosed with TN according to the International Classification of Headache Disorders (version 3) were included. Each patient was randomized to either the TENS or placebo TENS groups. Intervention was given in continuous mode and 100-Hz frequency for 20 mins biweekly for 6 weeks. Parameters were measured at baseline, TENS completion and 3 months, 6 months, and 1 year of follow up. The parameters observed were mean carbamazepine dose, mean visual analog scale (VAS) score, mean present pain intensity (PPI) score, and functional outcome. Non-parametric analyses, one-way ANOVA and the Kruskal-Wallis test were applied for intragroup comparisons, while the Mann-Whitney U test and independent t-test were used for intergroup comparisons of variables. The chi-square test was applied to analyze categorical data. Results Compared to the placebo TENS group, the mean dose of carbamazepine in the TENS group was significantly reduced at TENS completion, as well as at 6 months and 1 year follow up. Changes in mean VAS score, mean PPI score, and functional outcome did not show significant differences between the groups (P>0.05). Conclusion TENS therapy does not lead to any changes in pain levels but it may reduce the mean dose of carbamazepine when used as an adjunct treatment in patients with TN.

There is a new public health crises threatening the world with the emergence and spread of 2019 novel corona virus (2019-nCoV) The virus originated in bats and was transmitted to humans through yet unknown intermediary animals in Wuhan, Hubei province, China in December 2019.It caused a total of 80,868 confirmed cases and 3101 deaths in Chinese mainland until March 8, 2020. This novel virus spread mainly through respiratory droplets and close contact. According to the current pandemic situation the worldwide report of death due to COVID-19 is 165,877,654, cases confirmed and 3,445,463 death and 146,583,420 recovered. The symptoms are usually fever, cough, sore throat, breathlessness, fatigue, malaise among others. The disease is mild in most people; in some, usually the elderly and those with comorbidities, it may progress to pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and multi organ dysfunction. As COVID-19 has triggered enormous human casualties and serious economic loss posing global threat, an understanding of the ongoing situation and the development of strategies to contain the virus's spread are urgently needed. Currently, various diagnostic kits to test for COVID-19 are available and several repurposing therapeutics for COVID-19 have shown to be clinically effective. In addition, global institutions and companies have begun to develop vaccines for the prevention of COVID-19. Here, we review the current status of epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment, and vaccine development for COVID-19.

COVID- 19 is a horrifying pandemic which affected all countries with significant involvement of population leaving the whole world helpless and in distress and grief. Scientists in the entire universe are working to get the healing solution to get rid of this terrific Corona Virus. Though vaccination against this infection has provided an apt relief but still the fight is on against the developing mutant stains. Numerous positive Covid cases have been presented with varied oral manifestations, which are important for dental surgeons to comprehend. The present review article highlighted oral lesions in patients with COVID- 19 disease.

A common consequence of moderate to extreme periodontitis is pathologic migration. This denotes tooth movement when the periodontal disease interjects the equilibrium among the elements that preserve physiological tooth position. The balancing factors can migrate the teeth in any direction. The etiology of pathological migration tends to be multifactorial, thus achieving early diagnosis is imperative, which will ultimately lead to the prompt removal of the etiological factors while avoiding severe bone destruction. In this case maxillary central incisors had diastema due to pathological migration with mobility grade I in maxillary left central incisor. Many cases of moderate to severe pathological migration need a suitable, interdisciplinary approach. Pathological tooth migration (PTM) at an early stage, spontaneous correction of migrated teeth can be accomplished by periodontal therapy alone. Regardless of the treatment selected, maintenance of stable results should be considered as an aim of treatment.

We hereby report an unusual case which presented as a routinely encountered reactive lesion on the palate, whilst the radiological examination revealed a radiolucent cystic lesion underneath. After the investigations from radiography to histopathology, it was finally diagnosed as a peripheral ossifying fibroma coexisting with a nasopalatine duct cyst.

Recent advances in artificial intelligence (AI) have certainly had a significant impact on the healthcare industry. In urology, AI has been widely adopted to deal with numerous disorders, irrespective of their severity, extending from conditions such as benign prostate hyperplasia to critical illnesses such as urothelial and prostate cancer. In this article, we aim to discuss how algorithms and techniques of artificial intelligence are equipped in the field of urology to detect, treat, and estimate the outcomes of urological diseases. Furthermore, we explain the advantages that come from using AI over any existing traditional methods.

Jatropha integerrima Jacq. (Euphorbiaceae), is grown in many tropical and subtropical countries and used to treat eczema, herpes, ringworm, rheumatism, pruritus, scabies, toothaches, tumors and warts. Its latex is toxic. A methanolic extract of the roots was chromatographed over silica gel column packed in petroleum ether. The column was eluted with petroleum ether, chloroform and methanol successively in order of increasing polarity to isolate n-pentadecanyl oleate (1), α-D-glucopyranosyl-(2→1')-O-α-D-glucopyranoside (α-D-diglucoside,2), n-hexanoyl-O- α -D-glucopyranosyl-(2a→1b)-O- α -D-glucopyranosyl-(2b→1c)-O- α -D-glucopyranosyl-(2c→1d)-O- α -D-glucopyranosyl-(2d→1e)-O- α -D-glucopyranoside (n-caproyl O-α-D-pentaglucoside,3), n-hexanoyl-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(2a→1b)-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(2b→1c)-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(2c→1d)-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(2d→1e)-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(2e→1f)-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (n-caproyl O-β-D-hexaglucoside,4), α -D-glucopyranosyl-(2→1a)-O- α -D-glucopyranosyl-(2a→1b)-O- α -D-glucopyranosyl-(2b→1c)-O- α -D-glucopyranosyl-(2c→1d)-O- α -D-glucopyranosyl-(2d→1e)-O- α -D-glucopyranoside (α-D-hexaglucoside5) and α -D-glucopyranosyl-(2→1a)-O- α -D-glucopyranosyl-(2a→1b)-O- α -D-glucopyranosyl-(2b→1c)-O- α -D-glucopyranosyl-(2c→1d)-O- α -D-glucopyranosyl-(2d→1e)-O- α -D-glucopyranosyl-(2e→1f)-O- α -D-glucopyranoside (α-D-heptaglucoside,6) . The structures of these compounds have been established on the basis of spectral data analysis and chemical means

An electromyogram (EMG) signal acquisition system capable of real time classification of several facial gestures is presented. The training data consist of the facial EMG collected from 10 individuals (5 female/5 male). A custom-designed sensor interface integrated circuit (IC) consisting of an amplifier and an ADC, implemented in 65nm CMOS technology, has been used for signal acquisition [1]. It consumes 3.8nW power from a 0.3V battery. Feature extraction and classification is performed in software every 300ms to give real-time feedback to the user. Discrete wavelet transforms (DWT) are used for feature extraction in the time-frequency domain. The dimensionality of the feature vector is reduced by selecting specific wavelet decomposition levels without compromising the accuracy, which reduces the computation cost of feature extraction in embedded implementations. A support vector machine (SVM) is used for the classification. Overall, the system is capable of identifying several jaw movements such as clenching, opening the jaw and resting in real-time from a single channel EMG data, which makes the system suitable for providing biofeedback during sleeping and awake states for stress monitoring, bruxism, and several orthodontic applications such as temporomandibular joint disorder (TMJD).

Least Significant Bit-first (LSB-first) algorithm is suitable for low-activity signals as it reduces DAC activity and the number of bit-cycles required per conversion. However, certain code transitions degrade performance by requiring large switching energy and number of bit-cycles even when the code change over previous code is small. This paper addresses it by a new algorithm called Recode then LSB-first (RLSB-first) that reduces the switching energy required for all cases of small code change across the full range of possible previous sample codes. The energy reduction is achieved while maintaining a low number of bit-cycles per conversion.

Background India has a high prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD), diabetes mellitus (DM), tuberculosis (TB), human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune-deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) and hepatitis B. United States-based studies indicate provider and patient support for medical screening in the dental setting. We assessed patient attitudes towards, and willingness to participate in, medical screening in the dental setting in India. Method A 5-point Likert scale survey (with scores ranging from 1 = very important/willing to 5 = very unimportant/unwilling) was given to a convenience sample of adult patients visiting five university-based dental clinics (clinic group) and one private-practice setting (private group). The Mann–Whitney U-test was used to compare mean response scores between patient groups. Logistic regression was used to assess factors associated with a favourable outcome. Results Both patient groups felt it important for dentists to identify increased risk for medical conditions (89.3% vs. 94.9%, respectively; P = 0.02). The majority of patients were willing to have a dentist screen for the specified conditions: CVD (80.6% clinic and 84.5% private); DM (84.5% clinic and 77.5% private); TB (76.7% clinic and 73.2% private); hepatitis (73.3% clinic and 67.5% private); and HIV/AIDS (71.0% clinic and 70.5% private). The majority of patients were willing to participate in chairside screening that yielded immediate results (84.6% clinic and 86.1% private), discuss results immediately (85.8% clinic and 87.2% private) and pay 150 Indian rupees (55.9% clinic and 91.7% private). Younger patients (

Jatropha integerrima Jacq. (Euphorbiaceae) is grown in many tropical and subtropical countries and used to treat eczema, herpes, ringworm, rheumatism, pruritus, scabies, toothaches, tumors and warts. Its latex is toxic. A methanolic extract of the roots was chromatographed over silica gel column packed in petroleum ether. The column was eluted with petroleum ether, chloroform and methanol successively in order of increasing polarity to isolate n-pentadecanyl oleate (1), α-D-glucopyranosyl-(2→1')-O-α-D-glucopyranoside (α-D-diglucoside, 2), n-hexanoyl-O- α-D-glucopyranosyl-(2a→1b)-O- α-D-glucopyranosyl-(2b→1c)-O- α-D-glucopyranosyl-(2c→1d)- O- α-D-glucopyranosyl-(2d→1e)-O- α-D-glucopyranoside (n-caproyl O-α-D-pentaglucoside, 3), n-hexanoyl-O- β-D-glucopyranosyl-(2a→1b)-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(2b→1c)-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(2c→1d)-O-β-D- glucopyranosyl-(2d→1e)-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(2e→1f)-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (n-caproyl O-β-D- hexaglucoside, 4), α-D-glucopyranosyl-(2→1a)-O- α-D-glucopyranosyl-(2a→1b)-O- α-D-glucopyranosyl- (2b→1c)-O- α-D-glucopyranosyl-(2c→1d)-O- α-D-glucopyranosyl-(2d→1e)-O- α-D-glucopyranoside (α-D- hexaglucoside 5) and α-D-glucopyranosyl-(2→1a)-O- α-D-glucopyranosyl-(2a→1b)-O- α-D-glucopyranosyl- (2b→1c)-O- α-D-glucopyranosyl-(2c→1d)-O- α-D-glucopyranosyl-(2d→1e)-O- α-D-glucopyranosyl-(2e→1f)-O- α-D-glucopyranoside (α-D-heptaglucoside, 6) .The structures of these compounds have been established on the basis of spectral data analysis and chemical means.

Verrucous hemangioma is a structural variant of capillary or cavernous hemangioma in which reactive epidermal acanthosis, papillomatosis, and hyperkeratosis are secondary developments. It usually presents at birth, but may appear later in adult life. Often misdiagnosed clinically as angiokeratoma, its distinct histopathology helps to differentiate the two. It has the tendency for recurrence if not treated by wide excision. We report a case of 22-year-old male who had linear verrucous hemangioma on his left leg since childhood. The purpose of reporting it is the rarity of the case and the possibility of recurrence, if not treated by wide excision and skin grafting.

Global atmospheric electrical parameters such as atmospheric conductivity, air-earth current density, atmospheric electric field, and atmospheric potential have been calculated for eighty different orographically important places of India under the influence of cosmic ray modulation factor due to Forbush decrease assuming fair weather conditions. The results have been compared with the earlier work of Kumar et al. (1998) and show that the correlation between cosmic rays and global atmospheric electrical parameters near the earth surface depends upon the relative magnitudes of galactic cosmic ray particles.

Cysticercosis is a common healthcare problem, especially in developing countries. Orofacial presentation of the disease is rare. It usually manifest as an asymptomatic nodular swelling that is difficult to differentiate clinically, from other orofacial swellings. Diagnosis of cysticercosis is usually not possible clinically owing to its rarity and asymptomatic presentation in orofacial region. Ultrasonography (USG) is the initial and most reliable diagnostic modality for cysticercosis. This review discusses the various oral manifestations, differentials and investigations for oral cysticercosis.

Introduction: Sucrose is added as sweetening agent in liquid oral medication (LOM) to mask the acrid taste of medicines which may be potentially cariogenic. Many children under long term LOM therapy for treatment of epilepsy may be susceptible to dental caries. Aim: To assess and compare dental caries experience in children under long term liquid oral medication with those not under such medication among 2-12 years old children suffering from epilepsy. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was undertaken on a total of 84 children aged 2–12 years, who were suffering from epilepsy receiving liquid oral medication for more than 3 months were selected (study group) and for comparison 106 children of similar age group and disease but on other forms of medication were included as control group. Dental caries was assessed using DMFT/DMFS (Decayed, Missing, Fillled Teeth / Surfaces), dmft/dft and dmfs/dfs indices. One-way ANOVA and t-test were used with p-value fixed at 0.05. Univariate logistic regression was applied. Results: Children on LOM were at increased risk of dental caries than those with other forms of medications (OR: 2.55, 95% CI (2.37-4.15) p=0.000, HS). Caries prevalence was high in the study group (76.1%) when compared to control group (55.6%). Conclusion: Long term use of liquid medicines containing sucrose is a risk factor for dental caries among children with epilepsy.

Security has always been the main concern in data communication and networking. Mobile Networks are highly vulnerable to security attacks and pose a great challenge for the wireless networks being used today. Since the mode of communication is open, these networks do not carry any inherent security and hence are prone to attacks. The present day algorithms have shown limitations to meet the security requirements of transmission. DNA cryptography is a new and promising direction in the field of cryptography. This paper proposes DNA-based Cryptography as an approach to ensure highly secure environment for transmission of data across mobile networks.

Despite of decades of work, query optimizers still make mistakes on "difficult" queries because of bad cardinality estimates, often due to the interaction of multiple predicates and correlations in the data. In this paper, we propose a low-cost post-processing step that can take a plan produced by the optimizer, detect when it is likely to have made such a mistake, and take steps to fix it. Specifically, our solution is a sampling-based iterative procedure that requires almost no changes to the original query optimizer or query evaluation mechanism of the system. We show that this indeed imposes low overhead and catches cases where three widely used optimizers (PostgreSQL and two commercial systems) make large errors., This is the extended version of a paper with the same title and authors that appears in the Proceedings of the ACM SIGMOD International Conference on Management of Data (SIGMOD 2016)

Diabetes is most common endocrine disease which exists globally and interests about 6 % of the world population. The recommen dation of W . H . O . about diabetes has led to a rise in investigation of medicinal plants for hypoglycemic agents. D ecoction prepared from roots of Jatropha gossypifolia Linn is used in the treatment of diabetes and its associated complications. The aim of this study was to evaluate the hypoglycemic effect of successive extracts of the roots of the plant in comparison to metfor min. Petroleum ether (60 - 80°C), chloroform, methanol and aqueous extracts (250 and 500 mg/kg body weight) were orally administered to alloxan - induced diabetic mice for 7 days. Change in body weight and plasma glucose levels were estimated after the treatme nt. Methanol extract exhibited significant reduction in plasma glucose level as compared to diabetic control, followed by aqueous extract. Chloroform and petroleum ether extracts were comparatively less active. The results confirm the folklore use of the plant in management of diabetes.

Introduction: Oral medicine and radiology (OMR) as a subject requires in-depth knowledge for its application in every wake of academic and clinical life. It becomes the duty of teachers in this field to continuously appraise the subject for its betterment. Ironically the subject of OMR is becoming less popular among the students. Aims and Objectives: To assess undergraduate curriculum by obtaining feedback evaluation from interns and to evaluate the utility of this curriculum in clinical practice. Materials and Methods: A sample size of 220 students was selected among interns. They were asked to fill up the questionnaire given to them for the evaluation of the curriculum. Results: 25% respondents found the subject interesting whereas 46% of them thought it stimulated further reading. 62.72% found it easier to understand. Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders were considered as the most difficult topic. Extra-oral radiography along with panoramic radiography were considered as topics which required in-depth explanation. 72.72% did not feel the need for inclusion of any other topics in the curriculum and felt that it was sufficient for them. 81.36% were completely satisfied by the audio-visual content as well. Conclusion: The curriculum should be designed to accommodate more of clinical skills and have a formative educational role. These modifications according to the needs of the students can actually enlighten the path towards betterment of the subject and acceptability from the student's perspective.

Background: Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) is an autosomal dominant disorder, which affects various internal organs and has a tendency for bleeding. It has a classic triad of mucocutaneous telangiectasias, recurrent hemorrhages and positive familial history of first-degree relative. Epistaxis or gastrointestinal telangiectasia can be fatal in a small number of cases. Case Report: A 44-year-old woman came with complaints of recurrent episodes of hematemesis and epistaxis. Patient had a family history of similar complaints. Patient underwent esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD), which revealed telangiectasia in the stomach. Imaging of the abdomen showed features suggestive of arteriovenous shunting. Conclusion: HHT can remain undiagnosed for a long time, and is rarely being reported in the literature with management needing a multidisciplinary approach with early inputs from a gastroenterologist.

Background: Maternal and neonatal outcome is an index of quality of health and life in human society. To predict serious outcomes in pregnancy various parameters are being researched so that pregnant women who are at risk are identified early and measures taken to ensure a good outcome of pregnancy. Studies have shown an association between microalbuminuria and adverse pregnancy outcome. This study was undertaken to compare obstetric outcome in pregnant women with and without microalbuminuria. Materials and Methods: A prospective cohort study was performed on 69 pregnant women between 20 and 28 weeks of gestation. Urine tests for albuminuria and creatinine measurements were performed in all women and the albumin to creatinine ratio was calculated. The women with microalbuminuria and those without microalbuminuria were monitored until the end of their pregnancy and compared for pregnancy outcome. Results: The age distribution in the two groups was found to be similar and comparable. Preterm labor was strongly associated with microalbuminuria group (P = 0.001**)strongly significant. Incidence of maternal complications were more with microalbuminuria group (P < 0.001**). Fetal complications were significantly more in terms of intrauterine growth restriction, prematurity, low birth weight, low Apgar score and more incidence of neonatal intensive care unit admission with microalbuminuria group (P = 0.010*)moderately significant. Conclusion: It was found that fetal complications were more associated with babies of pregnant women with microalbuminuria. Though maternal complications were more associated with microalbuminuria group, individual events like premature rupture of membrane, preterm premature rupture of membrane had no statistically significant association with microalbuminuria except preterm labor. However, occurrence of pre-eclampsia was more with microalbuminuria, though it didn’t carry any statistical significance.

Acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF), a newly recognized clinical entity seen in hospitalized patients with chronic liver disease including cirrhosis, is associated with high short- and medium term morbidity and mortality. None of the definitions of ACLF proposed so far have been universally accepted, the two most commonly used being those proposed by the Asia-Pacific Association for the Study of Liver (APASL) and the European Association for the Study of Liver - Chronic Liver Failure (EASL-CLIF) consortium. On paper both definitions and diagnostic criteria appear to be different from each other, reflecting the differences in cut-off values for individual parameters used in diagnosis, the acute insult or precipitating event and the underlying chronic liver disease. Data directly comparing these two criteria are limited, and available studies reveal different outcomes when the two are applied to the same set of patients. However a review of the literature suggests that both definitions do not seem to identify the same set of patients. The definition given by the APASL consortium is easier to apply in day-to-day practice but the EASL-CLIF criteria appear to better predict mortality in ACLF. The World Gastroenterology Organization working party have proposed a working definition of ACLF which will identify patients from whom relevant data can be collected so that the similarities and the differences between the two regions, if any, can be clearly defined.

A 59-year-old male exhibited anemia for evaluation. Endoscopy was diagnostic of gastric antral vascular ectasia. He was given a trial of thalidomide after informing about the adverse effects. After starting thalidomide at 100 mg/day, his hemoglobin (Hb) improved. Post 1 month of therapy his Hb normalized, but he developed xerosis. He was given symptomatic treatment, but did not improve. Thalidomide was suspected to cause xerosis, it was discontinued for a month and post-discontinuation of drug he is symptom free for past 8 months. This paper reports a rare case of thalidomide induced xerosis with dermatological and neurological involvement.

A young female presented with complaint of swelling of the parotid region for one year. She was diagnosed as a case of primary tubercular parotiditis. The diagnosis was confirmed by fine needle aspiration cytology. She was managed with antitubercular drugs. After completing the course the swelling resolved completely and there was no recurrence.

Dear Sir, Neglected spinal injuries, either secondary to overlooked diagnosis [1] or due to circumstantial and socio-economic factors [2], are not uncommon but discussed infrequently in the literature [1,2]. A 72-year-old male had history of a slip and fall episode three years ago in a construction field. At that time, he had weakness of all four limbs with bowel and bladder involvement. He was managed conservatively because of financial instruments. He recovered completely over a period of six months. Now, he presented with mild persistent neck pain. On examination, except mild spasticity, there were no motor or sensory deficits. Initial magnetic resonance imaging of the cervical spine showed dislocation of C5 over C6, and the spinal cord was stretched over the dislocated vertebral bodies (Fig. 1). There was no evidence of cord edema or cord contusions. He had one follow up X-ray of the cervical spine at one year after the injury, and it showed a fusion of the C5 and C6 vertebral bodies (Fig. 2A). Recent X-ray of the cervical spine showed increased and complete ossification of the C5 and C6 vertebral bodies (Fig. 2B). In view of the solid fusion and no neurological deficits, the patient continued with conservative management with analgesics. Fig. 1 Initial magnetic resonance imaging of cervical spine showing dislocation of C5 over C6 and the spinal cord was stretched over the dislocated vertebral bodies. Fig. 2 (A) One follow-up X-ray of the cervical spine at one year after the injury showed fusion of C5 and C6 vertebral bodies, and (B) Recent X-ray of the cervical spine showed increased and complete ossification of the C5 and C6 vertebral bodies. Patients with neglected spinal injuries can present with neck pain, restricted neck movements, or clinical features of progressive myelopathy [2-4]. Treatment of neglected spinal injuries needs to be individualized, depending on patient's age, medical condition, severity of myelopathy, and stability spine [5-8]. Aggressive surgical treatment is reserved for younger patients with progressive myelopathy, secondary to dynamic instability [9]. Conservative approach has been suggested for elderly patients with stable, non-progressive deformity [5-8]. In the present case, the reactive new bone formation around the fractured segments might have helped in preventing abnormal movements and development of myelopathy. Neglected spinal injuries are defined as injuries not treated in a timely fashion and found late when options for care are limited [1]. Also, neglected spinal injuries may result when the comprehensive management is not initiated in a timely fashion [2]. These lesions have a much higher incidence of complications, which are more severe and difficult to manage, requiring longer hospitalization, adding to the costs and adversely affecting the functional outcomes [1,2]. In summary, for neglected spinal injuries, either untreated or inadequately treated with progressive deformity, persistent pain and late presentation are more often seen in the developing countries [1]. In rare circumstances (as in present case), neglected complete fracture-dislocations patients can make excellent recovery without neurological deficits [10].