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While extensive research has explored Second Language Vocabulary Acquisition (SLVA) acquisition, there has been a lack of comprehensive bibliometric analysis on this topic. This study addresses this gap by investigating research trends and collaboration networks in SLVA over the past 24 years. Publications on SLVA were retrieved and analysed using data extracted from the Web of Science, a widely-used research database. Using CiteSpace software, we analysed bibliographic details, including countries, institutions, authors, and keywords, and created interactive visualizations. A total of 3905 publications were identified as of April 2, 2024. The United States led in productivity with 1079 publications, while Radboud University Nijmegen was the most prolific institution with 55 publications. Stuart Webb emerged as the most active author, contributing 29 publications. 'Vocabulary' was the most frequent keyword, appearing 1033 times, highlighting its centrality in research developments. The analysis of scientific network maps and keywords revealed significant changes and emerging trends in SLVA research. These results provide meaningful insights and highlight several promising avenues for future exploration in SLVA research.

This study examines the effects of monologic and dialogic task sequences on incidental vocabulary learning among 115 students in four intact classes of a Chinese vocational high school. Twenty vocabulary items including words, phrases and fixed expressions ranging from high to low frequency levels were targeted. Students were required to complete meaning-focused oral tasks by applying different sequence combinations within three weeks. Vocabulary meaning and application, involving meaning recognition, meaning recall, and form recall, were assessed using pre-and post-tests. The results confirmed the efficacy of meaning-focused oral tasks in promoting incidental vocabulary learning and showed that different sequence combinations can lead to varying learning outcomes. The findings suggest that incidental vocabulary meaning learning is more dependent on meaning-focused tasks and less influenced by task sequences. On the other hand, vocabulary application learning is more influenced by task sequences, indicating that a balance between cognitive load and involvement load may have a positive effect on application learning. Pedagogically, the simple-complex-complex sequence in monologic tasks and the complex-simple-complex sequence in dialogic tasks were found to result in significantly worse performance than other sequence combinations for both vocabulary meaning and application learning.

Abstract Over the past few years, surgical data science has attracted substantial interest from the machine learning (ML) community. Various studies have demonstrated the efficacy of emerging ML techniques in analysing surgical data, particularly recordings of procedures, for digitising clinical and non-clinical functions like preoperative planning, context-aware decision-making, and operating skill assessment. However, this field is still in its infancy and lacks representative, well-annotated datasets for training robust models in intermediate ML tasks. Also, existing datasets suffer from inaccurate labels, hindering the development of reliable models. In this paper, we propose a systematic methodology for developing robust models for surgical tool classification using noisy endoscopic videos. Our methodology introduces two key innovations: (1) an intelligent active learning strategy for minimal dataset identification and label correction by human experts through collective intelligence; and (2) an assembling strategy for a student-teacher model-based self-training framework to achieve the robust classification of 14 surgical tools in a semi-supervised fashion. Furthermore, we employ strategies such as weighted data loaders and label smoothing to enable the models to learn difficult samples and address class imbalance issues. The proposed methodology achieves an average F1-score of 85.88% for the ensemble model-based self-training with class weights, and 80.88% without class weights for noisy tool labels. Also, our proposed method significantly outperforms existing approaches, which effectively demonstrates its effectiveness.

Himayat Ullah,1 Sarwat Huma,2,3 Lubna Naeem,4 Ghulam Yasin,1 Muhammad Ashraf,1 Nafisa Tahir,5 Mohammed Yunus,6 Hossam Shabana,1,7 Abdulrahman H Shalaby,7 Ahmed Ali Hassan Ali,7 Mohamed Elwan Mohamed Mahmoud,7 Elsayed Mohamed Elsayed Tayee,8 Ahmed Farag Abd Elkader Elbwab,7 Ahmed Mohamed Ewis Alhawy,7 Ahmed Ahmed Mohamed Abotaha,7 Mahmoud Ezzat Abdelraouf,7 Mohammed S Imam,7 Hossam Aladl Aladl Aladl,7 Taiseer Ahmed Shawky,7 Ashraf Mohammed Said,7 Mahmoud Saeed Mahmoud,9 Kazem Mohamed Tayee,7 Reda Fakhry Mohamed,7 Ali Hosni Farahat,7 Mohammad Mossaad Abd Allah Alsayyad,9 Hesham El Sayed Lashin,7 Hani Ismail Hamed,7 Hazem Sayed Ahmed Sayed Ayoub,7 Ayman Mohamed Salem Ahmed Nafie7 1Department of Medicine, Shaqra College of Medicine, Shaqra University, Shaqra, Saudi Arabia; 2Department of Health Professions Education, Health Services Academy, Islamabad, Pakistan; 3Department of Cardiology, Hayatabad Medical Complex, Peshawar, Pakistan; 4Department of Oral Biology, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan; 5Department of Medicine, NSHS, National University of Science and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan; 6Department of Pathology, Maiwand Teaching Hospital, Kabul University of Medical Sciences (KUMS), Kabul, Afghanistan; 7Internal Medicine Department, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt; 8Faculty of Medicine, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt; 9Faculty of Medicine for Boys, Al-Azhar University, New Damietta, EgyptCorrespondence: Mohammed Yunus, Department of Pathology, Maiwand Teaching Hospital, Kabul University of Medical Sciences (KUMS), Kabul, Afghanistan, Email m_yunus6061@yahoo.comPurpose: Coronary artery disease (CAD), clinically manifested as coronary syndrome (CS), is the leading cause of death and a significant contributor to morbidity worldwide. Elevated serum homocysteine levels have been associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases, including CAD. Despite extensive research, the relationship between serum homocysteine and coronary syndromes with related short-term mortality is still under-studied. The main objective of this study is to evaluate the correlation between serum homocysteine levels and various types of CS, as well as in-hospital mortality in these patients.Patients and Methods: This multicenter study included 381 CS patients from Afghanistan, Egypt, and Pakistan tertiary care hospitals. The relation of serum homocysteine levels with different types of CS as well as with in-hospital mortality was measured and analyzed using inferential statistics (ANOVA, Kruskal–Wallis test, Tukey’s post-hoc, Pearson correlation, etc.) and regression analysis (Binary regression).Results: Among 381 patients from both genders, 160 were from Pakistan, 130 from Egypt, and 91 from Afghanistan. There was no significant difference in baseline characteristics, like age, gender, homocysteine level, CS type, and mortality, among the three countries (p > 0.05). The one-way ANOVA, the Kruskal Wallis Test, and Tukey’s post hoc test showed a significant difference among different CS groups based on serum homocysteine levels, and Pearson correlation showed a strong correlation between serum homocysteine and CS (r = 0.4). Binary regression analysis showed a 10.5% increase in in-hospital mortality for each 1 μmol/L increase in homocysteine levels.Conclusion: Serum homocysteine could serve as a valuable biomarker and mortality predictor in CS patients.Keywords: serum homocysteine, coronary artery disease (CAD), coronary syndromes (CS), cardiac biomarkers, risk factors of CAD

Abstract Background Nurses are the cornerstone of healthcare delivery, playing a pivotal role in ensuring safe, high-quality, and patient-centered care. However, the significant demands on their time and resources often lead to the rationing or omission of essential nursing care activities, undermining patient outcomes. As frontline caregivers, nurses’ ability to collaborate effectively within teams is critical to overcoming these challenges. The Big Five Teamwork Model, which emphasizes trust, communication, and leadership, offers a transformative approach to strengthening teamwork and addressing barriers to comprehensive nursing care. Aim This study aimed to assess the impact of the Big Five Teamwork Awareness Sessions (Big 5TWAS) on the rationing of nursing care and patient-centered care. Methods A quasi-experimental pre-post-test design was conducted in critical care units at an Egyptian university hospital. A convenience sample of 60 nurses and 31 admitted patients participated in the study. Big 5TWAS interventions were implemented for nurses, and study variables were measured using nursing teamwork surveys, the Rationing of Nursing Care Observational Checklist (RONCO), and patient-centered care questionnaires before and after the intervention. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results The Big 5 Teamwork Awareness Sessions (Big 5TWAS) demonstrated a significant impact on the study variables. Post-sessions, there was a significant decrease in rationing of nursing care scores and significant increases in nursing teamwork and patient-centered care scores (p ≤ 0.001). In addition to the significant correlation values, regression analysis revealed that overall teamwork accounted for approximately 22% of the variance in rationing of nursing care (R² = 0.224, p = 0.015), with trust as the significant predictor. Furthermore, teamwork explained approximately 80% of the variance in patient-centered care (R² = 0.801, p

The primary objective of the present study was to investigate the enhancement of heat transfer in a Jeffery–Hamel hybrid nanofluid through a porous medium, within stretching/shrinking and convergent/divergent channels. The Darcy–Forchheimer (DF) law was employed to model the flow and thermal behavior of the nanofluid. The governing system of equations was derived using appropriate transformations. Numerical computations were performed using the NDSolve method in Mathematica-11. Results are presented through numerical data and graphical representations, illustrating the effects of various physical parameters on the flow profiles. Key findings indicate that increasing the inertia coefficient and nanoparticle volume fraction accelerates the velocity of the nanofluid in both divergent and convergent channels. Furthermore, higher porosity and inertia coefficients lead to increased drag forces exerted by the channel. Jeffery–Hamel hybrid nanofluids are significantly enhanced by increasing nanoparticle volume fraction, inertia coefficient, porosity, and the presence of radiation and heat source parameters, with a notably higher rate observed in the case of an expanding channel compared to a contracting one.

Abstract Fluid flow across a Riga Plate is a specialized phenomenon studied in boundary layer flow and magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) applications. The Riga Plate is a magnetized surface used to manipulate boundary layer characteristics and control fluid flow properties. Understanding the behavior of fluid flow over a Riga Plate is critical in many applications, including aerodynamics, industrial, and heat transfer operations. The unsteady Micropolar nanofluid (UMNF) flow across a vertically oriented, nonlinearly stretchable Riga sheet is examined in the present study. The effects of variable thermal conductivity, thermophoretic force, and Brownian diffusion on flow and heat transfer are analyzed. The fluid flow has been expressed in the form of a nonlinear system of PDEs (partial differential equations), which are reduced into the non-dimensional form of ordinary differential (ODEs) by employing the similarity transformation approach. The dataset for training the ANNs using the Levenberg–Marquardt backpropagation (LMBP) technique is generated using numerical simulation methods. The influence of physical constraints on the dimensionless temperature, concentration, microrotation, and velocity distributions are graphically displayed and discussed. Numerical results for skin friction, Sherwood, and Nusselt numbers are presented in tabular form. The numerical outcomes are compared to both published numerical and experimental results for validity purposes. It can be noticed that the flow rate is enhanced with the rising influence of the Hartmann number, buoyancy force, and velocity slip parameter. The UMNF flow model is validated, tested, and trained with an average numerical error of 10−9, ensuring high accuracy in energy, velocity, microorganism motility, and concentration predictions.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the direct effects of environmental sustainability orientation (ESO) on green supply chain management (GSCM), ESO on sustainable performance (SP), and GSCM on sustainable performance (SP). It also examines the indirect effect of GSCM on SP through the mediating role of GSCM. Moreover, it tests the moderating role of environmental collaboration (EC) between GSCM and SP. A total of 155 survey questionnaires were collected from firms with ISO 14000 certification in the manufacturing sector in Algeria. The gathered data was examined using (PLS-SEM) model. The findings showed positive effects between ESO, GSCM, and SP. However, no such effect was detected for the moderating role of environmental collaboration on the links between GSCM and SP. The limitation of this study was the use of only firms with ISO 14000 certification, so future studies should consider a wider range of firms and different scales. Regarding environmental problems, firms in Algeria can apply ESO and GSCM to achieve sustainable performance.

This study investigated fluoride contamination in groundwater and associated health risks in the Badin district of Pakistan. Fifty-seven groundwater samples were analyzed for fluoride, turbidity, iron, and total dissolved solids (TDS). Pollution indices and health risk models were employed to assess contamination levels and potential health impacts. Results showed that 47 % of samples exceeded the WHO fluoride limit of 1.5 mg/L, with a mean concentration of 1.92 mg/L. Spatial analysis revealed high contamination in northern and southern areas. Health risk assessments indicated that children, particularly females, faced the highest risk of fluorosis. TDS, turbidity, and iron levels also exceeded WHO limits in significant portions of the samples. This investigation uniquely combines multiple pollution indicators, spatial analysis, and age-specific health risk assessments, presenting vibrant insights for targeted interventions, policy development, and resource allocation to address this critical public health issue in fluoride-endemic regions.

Author(s): Danial Seifi Makrani [1,2]; Hassan Ali Nedaei (corresponding author) [1,2]; Ghazale Geraily [1,2]; Alireza Khorami-Moghaddam [3]; Nooshin Banaee [4]; Hussam Jassim [1,2,5] INTRODUCTION In the past few years, intensity-modulated [...], Purpose: When exact information regarding the treatment head and initial electron beam is available, the Monte Carlo (MC) approach can properly simulate any linear accelerator. However, manufacturers seldom offer information such as the incident electron beam's energy, radial intensity (spot size), or angular spread. This research aims to forecast these features and verify an MC-simulated linear accelerator model using measurements. Materials and Methods: The BEAMnrc code simulated a 6 MV photon beam from a Radixact™ Tomotherapy Linac. Percentage depth dose and beam profile calculations were conducted using DOSYXZnrc by various electron energies and spot sizes and compared to measurements using a Gamma index with two distinct criterion sets. Furthermore, the fine-tuned electron energy and spot size profiles were created to minimize any disparities using distinct angle spreads. Finally, the output factors (OFs) for various field sizes were compared. Results: The MC model's fine-tuned electron energy was determined to be 5.8 MeV, with 88.6% of the calculation points passing the 1%/1 mm γ test. A circular radial intensity of 1.4 mm best represented the 6 MV photon beam regarding spot size. Furthermore, a mean angular spread of 0.05 reduced the disparity in cross-field profile between computation and measurement. The most considerable disparities between the MC model OFs and observations were 1.5%. Conclusion: Using the BEAMnrc code, a reliable MC model of the Radixact™ Tomotherapy Linac can be created, as shown in this paper. This model can be used to compute dose distributions with confidence. Keywords: BEAMnrc, DOSXYZnrc, Monte Carlo, tomotherapy

Background: Preeclampsia (PE) is a major health problem that increases the risk of renal impairment during pregnancy. Studies have described the utility of Cystatin C as a better indicator of kidney function during pregnancy compared to urea, creatinine, or uric acid. Objective: The objective of the study was to evaluate cystatin C as a diagnostic tool for renal impairment in women with severe PE and compare it to standard renal function tests. Patients and Methods: A case–control study was conducted at Al Yarmouk Teaching Hospital, Bagdad. From March 1, 2022, to September 1, 2022, 94 3rd-trimester pregnant women with newly diagnosed or a history of PE were included in the study and interviewed and subsequently divided into three groups. The GraphPad Prism Software was used for data analysis and graphical presentations in addition to SPSS version 28; 0.05 was selected as a cutoff point for statistical significance. Results: The mean of cystatin C for control 0.39 ± 0.15 was significantly lower than for severe PE 1.12 ± 0.53, P < 0.001. The mean cystatin C for mild PE 0.52 ± 0.13 was considerably lower than for severe PE 1.12 ± 0.53, P < 0.001. Conclusions: Patients with severe PE had higher serum cystatin C than patients with mild PE and healthy normotensive pregnant females. Serum cystatin C at a cutoff value of >0.61 had higher diagnostic accuracy than the other standard kidney tests (urea, creatinine, and uric acid), with a sensitivity and specificity of 90.32% and 93.75%, respectively.

Objective: Since the use of AI in radiology has recently improved rapidly and advanced to the implementation phase, health care providers, particularly non-radiologist clinicians, must be aware of the strengths and weaknesses of this technology. Hence, identifying knowledge gaps among nonradiologist clinicians is important for providing solutions. Therefore, this study aimed to identify knowledge gaps regarding the implementation of AI in radiology. Methods: This nationwide online survey targeted certified non-radiologist clinicians in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia from 1 April to 31 May 2023. It evaluates the knowledge and attitudes of participants regarding AI applications in radiology from different perspectives. Results: In total, 315 participants responded to the survey. More than 40% of participants were younger than 40 years. The majority were residents or consultants. Approximately 54% of participants were unaware of the use of AI in radiology, and most believed that the radiologist bears responsibility for AI-generated reports. Conclusion: The majority of nonradiologist physicians in Saudi Arabia lack knowledge, which necessitates dedicated educational exhibitions aimed at educating physicians concerning legal, medical and technical issues. Gender differences in awareness of AI in radiology were observed. Consultants and residents are comfortable acting on radiology reports, and privacy and security are continually maintained. Most participants were comfortable with the hybrid approach to radiological reporting.

BACKGROUND: The prevalence of anemia in children under 5 years of age is a multifaceted issue influenced by various factors, leading to diverse findings across studies. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of anemia and its associated factors among children under 5 years of age living in internally displaced persons camps in the Dayniile district of Somalia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted between December 2022 and July 2023 in Mogadishu, Somalia. Blood samples from children under 5 years of age were checked for malaria and parasites, as well as for hemoglobin, erythrocytes, hematocrit, mean cell volume, and hematocrit. SPSS version 27.0.1 was used for data analysis, involving descriptive and inferential statistics. Fisher’s exact test examined anemia associations due to low expected counts. RESULTS: The prevalence of anemia among children under 5 years old was 17.6%. Anemia severity varied from mild (8.4%) to moderate (8.7%) to severe (0.5%). No significant correlation was found between a child’s primary caregiver and anemia status nor between anemia and sex, age, maternal factors, or family income sources. However, the presence of income from other relatives was statistically significant (P = 0.046*), indicating that financial support from extended family members may reduce the incidence of severe anemia in young adults. Children with a history of malaria had notably higher rates of mild and moderate anemia (25.0% and 75.0%, respectively) than those without. CONCLUSION: Our study, along with previous research, underscores the complexity of the prevalence of childhood anemia and its contributing factors. Addressing anemia in children from lower-income families and urban areas requires tailored intervention. In addition, controlling malaria and promoting breastfeeding are essential strategies for reducing the prevalence of anemia in young children. Overall, a multifaceted approach considering socioeconomic, health, and dietary factors is crucial for the well-being of children under 5 years old.

In this study, a circular foundation with dimensions of 100 * 100 mm was used, made of plastic glass material, which was loaded with 4 kg. This foundation is based on sandy soil improved using steel slag, which is an industrial waste resulting from iron and steel factories, with a mixing ratio of (3,6,9,12,15) % using a shaking table influenced by the Halabjah earthquake, Bolunun Earthquake and Ali AL-Gharbi Earthquake, The measured that settlement in sandy soil in the dry and saturated states for each of the three types of earthquakes is measured by the Linear Variable Differential Transformer (LVDT) sensors that are installed on the foundation surface. For unimproved soil, the settling time was four seconds; for soil improved with 15% steel slag, it was fifteen seconds. Additionally, for the three earthquakes, the rate of settlement decline increases with decreasing seismic acceleration. Additionally, the three earthquakes are closely spaced around the initial period of the commencement of settlement. Through the differences in what was done, it was found that increasing the percentage of steel slag led to a decrease in the foundation settlement in the dry and saturated cases by a greater percentage in the dry case than in the saturated case.

Background: Understanding the basics of embryologic development and the structure of the gallbladder can help identify and detect various abnormalities. This study aims to identify anatomical variations and congenital anomalies of the gallbladder in Sudanese patients observed during laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Methods and Results: A retrospective study included 345 patients diagnosed with cholelithiasis who underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy. The study patients’ ages ranged from 14 to 71, with a mean age of 45.59±13.29 years. Of 345 cases of cholelithiasis, 83.2% were females, and 16.8% were males, with a female-to-male ratio of 4.95:1. Preoperative ultrasound examination revealed chronic cholecystitis in 99.7% of patients. Among the operated patients, the majority (99.13%) underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy and 0.87% open cholecystectomy. A normal anatomy of the biliary system was found in 82.9% of all patients who underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Among 59 patients with anomalies of the biliary system, gallbladder anomalies were detected in 19(32.2%) cases and included buried gallbladder (11.9%), floating gallbladder (1.7%), double gallbladder (3.4%), bilobed gallbladder (8.5%), and diverticulum of the gallbladder (6.8%). Conclusion: During laparoscopic cholecystectomy, surgeons must identify anomalies to prevent unintended intraoperative injury and bleeding, thereby improving postoperative outcomes.

Abstract Background The VUCA in the healthcare environment requires combating volatility, uncertainty, complexity, and ambiguity through highly talented employees and implementing a talent management strategy. This encompasses a range of operations designed to find, attract, nurture, and utilize competent workers that impact how well nurses fulfill their psychological contracts. However, as the researchers had anticipated, several factors, such as cordial relationships and generation differences, may mediate or influence this correlation. Methods For a cross-sectional study, a non-probability convenience sampling technique was used to include n = 375 nurses from among the 600 total nurses at three private hospitals in Alexandria, Egypt. Three validated measures were used to measure the study variables and develop a mediation-moderation structural equation model. Results The result of this study revealed that nurses perceived a moderate level of talent management with a mean score of (48.91 ± 18.15), a low mean score (8.89 ± 3.93) of psychological contract fulfillment, and a moderate mean score (185.11 ± 27.02) of cordial relation. Additionally, more than half of the participants were in the Gen Z. Also, this study concluded that there is a positive mediation role of cordial relation and a negative moderation role of Gen between talent management and psychological contract fulfillment. Conclusions Using Gen as a moderating variable and cordial relations as a mediating factor, a moderating mediating structural equation model is created and validates the important influence of talent management on nurses’ psychological fulfillment, confirming the mediating effect of cordial relations and the moderating effect of genes in this relationship. GEN negatively predicted psychological contract fulfillment, meaning baby boomers predicted more psychological contract fulfillment than Z gen. Furthermore, talent management could positively predict cordial relations and psychological contract fulfillment, and cordial relations partially mediated the relationship between talent management and psychological contract fulfillment. Nurse mangers should be aware of and implement effective and talent management strategies with respecting gen difference, and apply tailored strategies for fostering nurses’ cordial relation and psychological contract fulfillment to deal with the VUCA challenging healthcare environment.

Abstract The main difficulties facing the operation of parallel converters in DC microgrids (DCMGs) are load sharing, circulation current, and bus voltage regulation. A droop controller is commonly used to control current sharing among parallel DC–DC converters due to its simplicity. However, the values of droop parameters impact both bus voltage regulation and the error in current sharing among converters. This study introduces an adaptive and straightforward droop control mechanism designed to estimate droop parameters. The algorithm aims to enhance both bus voltage regulation and load sharing performance within DCMGs. Additionally, to mitigate bus voltage deviation in DCMGs, the second loop shifts the droop lines to maintain voltage regulation at rated values. The proposed method has been compared with the conventional droop controller under variable input voltage and load resistance conditions. Simulation results demonstrate that the presented method outperforms the traditional control approach, achieving superior performance.

Abstract Background: The learning management system (LMSs) are online platforms that are used to conduct and support teaching and training at various institutions worldwide. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the perception towards the use of Moodle and Google classrooms LMS tools in the training among the National Health Emergency Operation Center (NHEOC) staff and compare their perceptions. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study with a post-test design conducted at NHEOC in Saudi Arabia in 2023. A training program regarding crises and disaster situations was delivered via Moodle and Google classrooms. At the end of each session, participants were invited to fill a questionnaire regarding their perception towards these tools. Results: A total of 72 and 65 individuals responded to the questionnaire after the end of Moodle class and Google classrooms, respectively. There were no statistically significant differences in the mean perception scores between Moodle and Google classrooms by; the easy access to the browser (4.18 ± 1.24 versus 4.14 ± 1.09, p-value = 0.692), the easy access to the App (4.02 ± 1.31 versus 4.11 ± 1.08 , p-value = 0.658), the ease of browsing the educational content (4.17 ± 1.13 versus 4.14 ± 1.06, p-value = 0.872), and the ease of dealing with the system functions (4.08 ± 1.14 versus 4.09 ± 1.16, p-value = 0.889). Conclusion: Participants reported similar perception towards the use of Moodle and Google classrooms in training programs. Meanwhile, majority reported that they preferred Moodle to Google classrooms. [SJEMed 2024; 5(2.000): 095-100]

Abstract Background: All the existing frameworks of Health-Emergency Disaster Risk Management have put great emphasis on the use of educational strategies to be used as a mean of disaster risk reduction (DRR). Thus, this study was conducted to formulate experts' consensus on DRR educational strategies for Middle East/North Africa (MENA) countries. Methods: A Delphi study on expert's opinion for DRR educational strategies was carried out through surveys in two consecutive rounds through convenient sampling technique. Results: A total of 60 responses were included in this study. Most of the participants were Saudi nationals, physicians (36.7% vs. 33.3% in round 1 and round 2, respectively), and males (73.3%) with experience in disaster management (56.7%) of 5-10 years (60% vs. 53.3% in round 1 and round 2, respectively). Around 80% participants suggested that graduate health professional education should be through problem based learning (PBL) approach (36.7%) (P-value = 0.007). Universal Design for Learning (UDL) framework implementation required provision of multiple means of engagement as priority (P-value = 0.007). Best learning situation category was institution based (60%) with best approach for DRR learning as planned scheduled learning (P-value = 0.000). It was found that best learning situations were lectures and small group sessions (73.3% each) (P-value = 0.165) that were delivered through learning management system (90%) (P-value = 0.103), while the major stakeholders that should be involved in national DRR educational planning were Ministry of Health (90%) (P-value = 0.881). Conclusion: Experts have consensus opinion on DRR Educational strategies in MENA countries. [SJEMed 2024; 5(2.000): 064-072]

Objectives: Stroke is a major cause of disability in adults, necessitating consistent patient-therapist interactions and diligent adherence to home-based rehabilitation programs to achieve substantial functional recovery. This study assessed audio-based telerehabilitation's (TR) preliminary effect and feasibility in promoting home-based upper extremity exercises among stroke survivors. Methods: A 4-week parallel two-arm pilot study design was employed. Fourteen stroke survivors (seven each in the experimental and control groups) were recruited. Individuals in the control group received standard care consisting of visits to physiotherapy outpatient clinics, while the intervention group received standard care in addition to audio-based TR. The independent t-test and chi-square test were used to analyze differences in the clinical and sociodemographic data. The independent t-test was used to measure the treatment effect on the upper limb motor function (Fugl-Meyer upper extremity [FMA-UE] and Wolf motor function test [WMFT]), quality of life (QOL) (the World Health Organization (WHO) QOL brief, [WHOQOL-BREF]), and activities of daily living (Barthel index [BI]). Results: The overall Mean±SD age of the participants is 50±8.2 years. The FMA-UE and WMFT scores changed from 17.57 to 25.86 (P=0.02) and 28.14 to 43.71 (P=0.03). No significant improvements in physical health, psychological, and social relationships domains of WHOQOL-BREF were recorded after the intervention. However, the environmental domain showed significant improvement (P=0.001). Scores of BI did not change significantly (P=0.49). Discussion: The findings of this study provided preliminary evidence to support the feasibility and benefits of audio-based TR in promoting functional regain after the stroke. However, further studies with a robust design are needed to validate the reported effectiveness.

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a disease that affects millions of people globally making it a major public health concern. It is defined as an abrupt decrease in kidney function that occurs within ours affecting both the structure and functionality of the kidneys.

Construction projects are prone to accidents and injuries, necessitating a focus on implementing safety programs. However, the implementation of such programs is influenced by various factors. Developing countries often have poor safety performance in their building sectors, with limited research in this area. This study aimed to identify essential safety program activities (SPAs) specific to the building sector. Through a literature review and survey, 25 SPAs were identified and validated via a pilot survey involving building sector experts. A questionnaire survey was conducted with 105 participants from the construction industry and academia. They were then categorized into four interconnected measurements using Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA): Safety Program Management and Development (SPMD), Safety Culture Development (SCD), Safety Risk and Hazard Management (SRHM), and Safety Leadership, Responsibility, and Commitment (SLRC). The impact of safety implementation (SI) on overall project success (OPS) was analyzed using Partial Least Square- Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM). Subsequently, Synthetic Fuzzy Evaluation (SFE) was employed to determine the criticality and importance of each SPA grouping for construction projects. The PLS-SEM analysis indicates that SI has a moderate impact on OPS, with an R2 value of 45.4%. Moreover, the findings of the SFE highlight that the SLRC group is the most significant in enhancing the safety implementation of the construction industry.

Abstract Background Several computational and mathematical models of protein synthesis have been explored to accomplish the quantitative analysis of protein synthesis components and polysome structure. The effect of gene sequence (coding and non-coding region) in protein synthesis, mutation in gene sequence, and functional model of ribosome needs to be explored to investigate the relationship among protein synthesis components further. Ribosomal computing is implemented by imitating the functional property of protein synthesis. Result In the proposed work, a general framework of ribosomal computing is demonstrated by developing a computational model to present the relationship between biological details of protein synthesis and computing principles. Here, mathematical abstractions are chosen carefully without probing into intricate chemical details of the micro-operations of protein synthesis for ease of understanding. This model demonstrates the cause and effect of ribosome stalling during protein synthesis and the relationship between functional protein and gene sequence. Moreover, it also reveals the computing nature of ribosome molecules and other protein synthesis components. The effect of gene mutation on protein synthesis is also explored in this model. Conclusion The computational model for ribosomal computing is implemented in this work. The proposed model demonstrates the relationship among gene sequences and protein synthesis components. This model also helps to implement a simulation environment (a simulator) for generating protein chains from gene sequences and can spot the problem during protein synthesis. Thus, this simulator can identify a disease that can happen due to a protein synthesis problem and suggest precautions for it.

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the utilization of telerehabilitation services in Egypt and to investigate the concerns and barriers faced by Egyptian physiotherapists for implementation. Methods: This cross-sectional study recruited 306 Egyptian physiotherapists who were asked to complete an online survey including questions about the utilization of telerehabilitation services, awareness, perception, and attitude. Results: A total of 299 physiotherapists completed the online survey. Within the sample, 38.5% utilized telerehabilitation at work. Telerehabilitation was used frequently to deliver patient advice (17.6%), follow-up (16%), and exercise prescription (15.2%). Pain (16.2%) was the most common outcome assessed utilizing telerehabilitation. Additionally, 85.3% of physiotherapists agreed that the inclusion of telerehabilitation during the rehabilitation program is effective. The main barriers to implementing telerehabilitation in Egypt were lack of awareness (59.9%) and technical issues (58.2%). Conclusion: This study sheds light on the trends and challenges in utilizing telerehabilitation and may help in shaping the future of telerehabilitation in Egypt.

Background: Hashimoto thyroiditis (HT) is associated with myocardial dysfunction, it is attributed to the autoimmune chronic inflammation and other endocrine factors. Aim of the work: Detection of subclinical myocardial dysfunction in children with euthyroid Hashimoto thyroiditis using speckle tracking echocardiography and estimation of carotid intima- media thickness. Patients and Methods: We performed a case-control cross-sectional study that involved 15 children with euthyroid HT following up at the Endocrinology Clinic, Ain Shams University Children’s Hospital from October 2020 to July 2021 and 15 healthy controls of comparable age and sex. Both groups underwent conventional and speckle tracking echocardiography in addition to estimation of carotid intima-media thickness by high resolution ultrasound machine. Results: The children with euthyroid HT had a mean ± SD age of 13.20 ± 3.05 years, while that of the control group was 11.80 ± 3.03 years (p=0.21). Twelve (80%) of the children with HT and 11(73%) of the control group were females (p=0.66). The mean ± SD for serum-free T3, free T4 and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) were 3.57 ± 1.07, 1.43 ± 0.76 ng/dl, and 4.03 ± 2.27 IU/ml in patients, and were 3.59±9.21 pg/ml, 1.29±0.15 ng/dl and 3.4 ±0.3 IU/ml in control group (p = 0.474), (p=0.249) and (p=0.316) respectively. The mean (range) left ventricular global longitudinal strain of the cases and control group were within the normal range (-20.44± 1.24) (- 23 to -17.4) and (-20.94± 0.59) (-21.8 to -19.5) respectively) (p= 0.159). The mean carotid intima- media thickness was normal in both cases (0.35 ±0.05 cm) and controls (0.33 ±0.05 cm) (p = 0.47). Conclusion: Euthyroid state seems to protect against subclinical myocardial dysfunction in Hashimoto thyroiditis.

In this study, the benefits and feasibility of incorporating Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) into Flexible pavement were evaluated. The study aims to identify new ideas on recycling plastic wastes and thereby improving overall sustainability. The Samples were prepared by adding PET with an increasing concentration level along with optimum asphalt content with a percentage by weight of 3.5%, 4.0%, 4.5%, 5.0%, 5.5% and 6%. Multiple tests were conducted on Natural aggregates including Resistance to degradation of aggregates by Abrasion and Impact, Specific Gravity and Abrasion of coarse aggregates, and Impact Value of Aggregates. Similarly, the tests conducted on asphalt include the specific gravity of semi-solid bituminous material, the ductility of bituminous material, the flash point and softening point of asphalt, and the penetration grade of bituminous material. Rutting potential of the optimum asphalt, Plastic mix Was evaluated by increasing the frequency of load cycles from 0 to 5000 cycles. Furthermore, the effect of asphalt and plastic content on the density, Flow, voids, and stability were also analysed. It was found that the addition of PET resulted in improved stability by more than 50% specifically 52%, while 70% improvement was observed in flow characteristics of Hot Mix Asphalt. However, a slight change in density was observed. The sample also showed a reduction in rut depth by more than 40% of the mix.

Objective: In this research, by comparing the features of the Qur'anic manuscripts of the Herat method in the Timurid and Safavid periods, it was seeking to identify the prescription pillars of these Qurans, and based on that, it identified other Qurans whose authorship and artistic style were unknown.Methodology: This research has been carried out in terms of developmental goal and descriptive and analytical method with purposive sampling from among 21000 Quranic manuscripts available in the manuscripts’ treasure of Astan Quds Razavi Library, which is the statistical population of this research. Due to the lack of access to the original sources, the information gathering tool is the library catalogs and the information checklist obtained from the objective Qurans, which is based on the analysis of the bibliographic information of the reference and precious the Qurans of this course.Findings: Based on the characteristics of the scribe's promotion and the bibliographic information of the library catalog from the Timurid period, Quranic booklet 416 and Mushaf No. 153 and from the Safavid period Mushaf No. 281, 206 and 210 from the Herat method were identified as reference and Musahafs. Their bibliographic information was analyzed in a comparative manner and finally it was determined that among all the features and pillars of bibliographic science, four features of the decorations of the Fatiha al-Kitab tablet, the script of the surahs, the decorations accompanying the text of the Quran and the composition of motifs from are the most important features that can be used to identify the Qur'anic manuscripts of this method of art in the researched periods.Conclusion: By studying the findings of the research, it was found that it is possible to identify the Masahifs of the Herat method based on the elements of epistemology. The results of this research determined that: 1) the design of the Fatih al-Kitab surah, these decorations took up more space on the page in the Safavid period, and the margin of the tablet is two-part wide with an azure background and narrow with a black background, and a half-orange is drawn on the margin and the beginning of the surah is in Rafa's script. In the Timurid period, an azure part and a nim- toranj motif are not drawn on the border, and the head of the surah is decorated with Kufic script. 2) The decorations accompanying the Qur'an text, khoms va ‘ashar in the Timurid period are in the form of an almond and a circle, respectively, while in the Safavid period it is in the form of a circle. 3) The composition of motifs, in the Timurid period, is dominated by Islamic motifs and Roman motifs, but in the Safavid period, alvan Khatai motifs were drawn.

Interviewing skills play a pivotal role in the job application and search, professional development to prepare for interviewing is a neglected area of research. Professional training methods are available but are often prohibitively expensive, limiting opportunities primarily to privileged individuals. To bridge this accessibility gap and democratize access to job opportunities, there is a need to develop automated interview simulation platforms. The advent of Generative AI (GenAI) technology, in particular Large Language Models (LLMs), makes this is viable proposition but progress is hindered by the absence of open-source implementations for reproducibility and comparison, as well as the lack of suitable evaluation benchmarks and experimental setups. In particular, we do not yet know how robust such systems are and if they will be bias-free, factors that will contribute to their acceptability and use. To this end, we propose Interview Training and Education Module (ITEM), a job interview training module that combines Virtual Reality-based metaverse technology with LLM-based GenAI models. Our module creates realistic interview experiences for skill enhancement, complete with personalized feedback and improvement guidelines based on user responses. In this paper, we present an experimental evaluation of the module to ascertain its robustness, including a bias analysis. Firstly, we establish an experimental setup to gauge platform robustness by examining question similarity across varied prompts using Bidirectional and Auto-Regressive Transformers (BART) and topic modeling. Subsequently, we explore biases in three categories—country of origin, religion, and gender—by analyzing ITEM's evaluation scores while manipulating candidate backgrounds, all while keeping their responses unchanged. Our findings indicate potential biases replicated by ITEM, highlighting the need for caution in its application for personal development and training. This pioneering initiative introduces the first open-source module for job interview training within a virtual metaverse, leveraging LLM-based Generative AI, designed for extension and testing by the scientific community, thereby enhancing insights into the limitations and ethical considerations of AI-driven interview simulation platforms.