34 results on '"Herkül, Kristjan"'
Search Results
2. Distribution and co-occurrence patterns of charophytes and angiosperms in the northern Baltic Sea
- Author
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Herkül, Kristjan, Torn, Kaire, Möller-Raid, Tiia, and Martin, Georg
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
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3. Shifts in macroalgae composition alters carbon flow in Coastal Baltic Sea ecosystems: implications for dissolved organic carbon bioavailability and flux.
- Author
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Hall, Jack R., Herkül, Kristjan, Baltar, Federico, Hepburn, Christopher D., and Martin, Georg
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DISSOLVED organic matter ,ALGAE physiology ,FUCUS vesiculosus ,BIOLOGICAL extinction ,FOOD chains - Abstract
The extracellular release of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) from marine macroalgae supports coastal ecosystem function by supplying photosynthetically fixed carbon to higher trophic levels via the microbial loop. Despite its widely acknowledged biogeochemical importance, DOC is not typically included in primary production estimates of coastal systems. Additionally, little is known about how changes in species composition and coverage will affect the supply of DOC to coastal systems. Within the context of the Baltic Sea, anthropogenic forces are driving a decline in habitat forming kelp species (Fucus vesiculosus) which is superseded by filamentous/turfing algal species, a pattern of change observed globally in numerous other aquatic systems. To evaluate how the drivers of this change may impact the flow of carbon within the Baltic Sea coastal system, the production of DOC by the filamentous algae (Ectocarpus siliculosus) was examined and its rate of release determined (0.095 mg C · g DW-1 · h-1 in light and 0.070 mg C · g DW-1 · h-1 in dark). In addition, bioassays were used to assess the short-term DOC use by bacteria as a proxy of the lability of the released products, with the majority (28.7% released in light and 18.6% released in dark) of the products remaining after 120 hours. This data was linked with long term macroalgae biomass and coverage surveys in order to assess changes in macroalgae community structure through time and to produce standing stock estimates of F. vesiculosus. DOC production as a metric of algal coverage was used to make a preliminary estimation of how changes in community structure may impact the flow of carbon within the system. Our results suggest that decreased levels of DOC released by filamentous algae relative to F. vesiculosus will act to reduce microbial activity. Our model estimates the presence of approximately 150,000 tonnes of F. vesiculosus (dry weight) within the Estonian coastal system translating to an annual release of 7,391 tonnes of DOC. Our study indicates that filamentous-dominated systems have likely altered carbon flow, impacting the broader ecology of the Baltic Sea. Consequently, the loss of kelp species and the expansion of filamentous algae may alter carbon dynamics, with important ecological consequences for other coastal systems globally. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Predicting the Impact of Climate Change on the Distribution of the Key Habitat-Forming Species in the Ne Baltic Sea
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Torn, Kaire, Peterson, Anneliis, and Herkül, Kristjan
- Published
- 2020
5. High climate velocity and population fragmentation may constrain climate-driven range shift of the key habitat former Fucus vesiculosus
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Jonsson, Per R., Kotta, Jonne, Andersson, Helén C., Herkül, Kristjan, Virtanen, Elina, Sandman, Antonia Nyström, and Johannesson, Kerstin
- Published
- 2018
6. Relating Coastal Geomorphology to Marine Benthic Biodiversity
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Herkül, Kristjan, Aps, Robert, Lokko, Külli, Peterson, Anneliis, and Tõnisson, Hannes
- Published
- 2018
7. Modeling Coastal Benthic Biodiversity Using Georeferenced Environmental Data : Mapping Present and Predicting Future Changes
- Author
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Peterson, Anneliis, Herkül, Kristjan, and Torn, Kaire
- Published
- 2018
8. Variability of Benthic Communities in Relation to Hydrodynamic Conditions in the North-Eastern Baltic Sea
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Herkül, Kristjan, Torn, Kaire, Suursaar, Ülo, Alari, Victor, and Peterson, Anneliis
- Published
- 2016
9. Novel Fish Predator Causes Sustained Changes in Its Prey Populations
- Author
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Nõomaa, Kristiina, primary, Kotta, Jonne, additional, Szava-Kovats, Robert, additional, Herkül, Kristjan, additional, Eschbaum, Redik, additional, and Vetemaa, Markus, additional
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- 2022
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- View/download PDF
10. Trans-Atlantic Distribution and Introgression as Inferred from Single Nucleotide Polymorphism: Mussels Mytilus and Environmental Factors
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Wenne, Roman, primary, Zbawicka, Małgorzata, additional, Bach, Lis, additional, Strelkov, Petr, additional, Gantsevich, Mikhail, additional, Kukliński, Piotr, additional, Kijewski, Tomasz, additional, McDonald, John H., additional, Sundsaasen, Kristil Kindem, additional, Árnyasi, Mariann, additional, Lien, Sigbjørn, additional, Kaasik, Ants, additional, Herkül, Kristjan, additional, and Kotta, Jonne, additional
- Published
- 2020
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11. Linking atmospheric, terrestrial and aquatic environments: Regime shifts in the Estonian climate over the past 50 years
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Kotta, Jonne, primary, Herkül, Kristjan, additional, Jaagus, Jaak, additional, Kaasik, Ants, additional, Raudsepp, Urmas, additional, Alari, Victor, additional, Arula, Timo, additional, Haberman, Juta, additional, Järvet, Arvo, additional, Kangur, Külli, additional, Kont, Are, additional, Kull, Ain, additional, Laanemets, Jaan, additional, Maljutenko, Ilja, additional, Männik, Aarne, additional, Nõges, Peeter, additional, Nõges, Tiina, additional, Ojaveer, Henn, additional, Peterson, Anneliis, additional, Reihan, Alvina, additional, Rõõm, Rein, additional, Sepp, Mait, additional, Suursaar, Ülo, additional, Tamm, Ottar, additional, Tamm, Toomas, additional, and Tõnisson, Hannes, additional
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- 2018
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12. Contemporary trends in hydrophysical and hydrochemical parameters in the NE Baltic Sea.
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Lainela, Silvie, Herkül, Kristjan, Leito, Ivo, Jaanus, Andres, and Suursaar, Ülo
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TIME series analysis , *OCEAN acidification , *TERRITORIAL waters , *CARBON dioxide , *SEAS , *OCEAN temperature - Abstract
The current study focuses on trends in hydrophysical and chemical parameters (e.g. temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, chlorophyll a (Chl a), pH and nutrients) in the Estonian coastal sea and offshore areas in relation to the biogeochemical processes and marine carbon dioxide system of the Baltic Sea. Analysis of 586 time series of these parameters, retrieved during national monitoring activities in 1993-2017, revealed a number of significant trends, which characterize the changes in the northeastern (NE) Baltic Sea. The number of significant trends in the surface layer was slightly higher in the coastal sea area than in the offshore area. No significant (e.g. climate changerelated) temperature trends were revealed in the surface layers of the Estonian offshore area. Over a longer time frame (since the 1970s-1980s), the trends in hydrochemical parameters have shown improved ecological conditions in the Estonian coastal waters, however, further improvement is not so obvious. In fact, most nutrient trends were positive over the last two decades. A positive Chl a trend was detected in the offshore area of the Baltic Proper. Dissolved oxygen trends in the bottom layers were all negative. So far, not enough parameters have been monitored for the evaluation of marine acidification processes. Several important recommendations for further improvement of monitoring programmes are suggested. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2020
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13. Marine environmental vulnerability and cumulative risk profiles to support ecosystem-based adaptive maritime spatial planning
- Author
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Aps, Robert, primary, Herkül, Kristjan, additional, Kotta, Jonne, additional, Cormier, Roland, additional, Kostamo, Kirsi, additional, Laamanen, Leena, additional, Lappalainen, Juho, additional, Lokko, Külli, additional, Peterson, Anneliis, additional, and Varjopuro, Riku, additional
- Published
- 2018
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14. Assessment of quality of three marine benthic habitat types in northern Baltic Sea
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Torn, Kaire, primary, Herkül, Kristjan, additional, Martin, Georg, additional, and Oganjan, Katarina, additional
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- 2017
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15. The invasive amphipod Gammarus tigrinus Sexton, 1939 displaces native gammarid amphipods from sheltered macrophyte habitats of the Gulf of Riga
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Reisalu, Greta, primary, Kotta, Jonne, additional, Herkül, Kristjan, additional, and Kotta, Ilmar, additional
- Published
- 2016
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16. Füüsikalise häiringu ja elupaika kujundavate liikide mõju põhjasette omadustele ja põhjakooslustele Läänemere põhjaosas
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Herkül, Kristjan
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dissertation ,väitekiri ,dissertatsioonid ,ETD ,doktoritööd ,häiringud ,Läänemeri ,merepõhi ,vesikeskkond - Abstract
Väitekirja elektrooniline versioon ei sisalda publikatsioone., Häiringud on ebakorrapäraselt toimuvad sündmused, mis kutsuvad esile muutusi ökosüsteemi, koosluse või populatsioonide struktuuris ning loovad vaba ruumi uutele tulijatele. Häiringud on oluliseks looduslikke kooslusi kujundavaks teguriks põhjustades koosluste ruumilist ja ajalist muutlikkust. Elupaika kujundavad liigid muudavad keskkonnatingimusi ja toetavad suuremat liigirikkust. Doktoritöö eesmärgiks oli uurida füüsikaliste häiringute (põhjasette eemaldamine ja lisandumine, süvendustööd), häiringu toimumise aja ja elupaika kujundavate võtmeliikide (pikk merihein, söödav rannakarp jt) mõju põhjasette omadustele (orgaanilise materjali sisaldus, granulomeetriline koosseis, hapnikuvoog) ja põhjaelustiku kooslustele Läänemere põhjaosas. Pealmise settekihi eemaldamine vähendas põhjaelustiku liigirikkust ja asustustihedust, kuid ei mõjutanud orgaanilise materjali sisaldust põhjasettes. Häiringu mõju oli tugevam kevadel. Põhjaloomastiku domineerimisstruktuur taastus kiiremini kui liikide asustustihedused. Settekihi akumuleerumine ei põhjustanud olulisi muutusi põhjasette omadustes, küll aga langes meriheina eemaldamise tagajärjel liigirikkus ja põhjaorganismide asustustihedus. Meriheina eemaldamine vähendas peeneteralise fraktsiooni ja orgaanilise materjali hulka settes ja suurendas ajutiselt sette hapnikutarvet. Koloniseeriva põhjaloomastiku koosluse domineerimisstruktuur ei sõltunud koosluse esialgsest liigilisest koosseisust vaid avatusest lainetusele. Söödav rannakarp suurendas niitjate vetikate, herbivooride ja detrivooride hulka kuid vähendas mändvetikate biomassi. Rannakarbi mõju oli suurem lainetusele mõõdukalt avatud piirkonnas võrreldes lainetuse eest varjatud piirkonnaga. Ulatuslike süvendustööde mõju põhjaloomastikule oli nõrk ja koosluste taastumine oli kiire, mis näitab, et kõrge stressitaluvusega Läänemere põhjaloomastiku liigid elavad kergesti üle süvendustöödega seotud häiringud., Disturbance is mainly described as discrete event in time that disrupts ecosystem, community, or population structure, and creates opportunities for new individuals to become established. Disturbance is a key factor regulating the structure and functioning of natural communities and causing spatial and temporal heterogeneity. Most habitats are generated by the presence of a single or a few habitat-modifying species that alter local environmental conditions and support species diversity. The aim of this thesis was to study the effects of physical disturbances (sediment removal and addition, dredging activities) and habitat-modifying species (e.g. Zostera marina, Mytilus trossulus) on sediment properties (organic matter content, granulometric composition, oxygen flux) and benthic communities in the northern Baltic Sea. The removal of the upper sediment layer decreased species diversity and species’ densities but did not influence the organic matter content of sediment. The impact of disturbance was stronger in spring than in summer. The dominance structure of zoobenthos recovered faster than the densities of zoobenthos species. The addition of sediment did not cause changes in sediment organic matter content and oxygen flux. The removal of Z. marina significantly decreased diversity and density of benthic organisms, content of fine particles and organic matter, and temporarily increased the sediment oxygen consumption. The dominance structure of the colonising invertebrates depended on the wave exposure rather than on the initial composition of the invertebrate community. M. trossulus enhanced the growth of filamentous algae, herbivores, and deposit feeders and decreased the biomass of charophytes. Stronger effects of M. trossulus emerged in the moderately exposed than in the sheltered area. Large-scale dredging had weak effects on benthic invertebrates and the recovery of the communities took place within a year.
- Published
- 2010
17. Kirpvähiliste Orchestia cavimana ja Gammarus tigrinus invasiooniajalugu Eesti rannikumeres
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Herkül, Kristjan, Kotta, Jonne, juhendaja, Tartu Ülikool. Bioloogia-geograafiateaduskond, and Tartu Ülikool. Zooloogia ja hüdrobioloogia instituut
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võõrliigid ,elupaigad ,kirpvähilised ,levik (biol.) ,rannikumeri ,magistritööd ,Läänemeri - Published
- 2006
18. Formation and species composition of stormcast beach wrack in the Gulf of Riga, Baltic Sea **The study was supported by the EU Life+project MARMONI ‘Innovative approaches for marine biodiversity monitoring and assessment of conservation status of nature values in the Baltic Sea’, ESF grant No. 8980, Estonian target financed project SF0180104s08 and Institutional research funding IUT2-20 of the Estonian Research Council.
- Author
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Suursaar, Ülo, primary, Torn, Kaire, additional, Martin, Georg, additional, Herkül, Kristjan, additional, and Kullas, Tiit, additional
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- 2014
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19. Large-Scale Variation in Combined Impacts of Canopy Loss and Disturbance on Community Structure and Ecosystem Functioning
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Crowe, Tasman P., primary, Cusson, Mathieu, additional, Bulleri, Fabio, additional, Davoult, Dominique, additional, Arenas, Francisco, additional, Aspden, Rebecca, additional, Benedetti-Cecchi, Lisandro, additional, Bevilacqua, Stanislao, additional, Davidson, Irvine, additional, Defew, Emma, additional, Fraschetti, Simonetta, additional, Golléty, Claire, additional, Griffin, John N., additional, Herkül, Kristjan, additional, Kotta, Jonne, additional, Migné, Aline, additional, Molis, Markus, additional, Nicol, Sophie K., additional, Noël, Laure M-L J., additional, Pinto, Isabel Sousa, additional, Valdivia, Nelson, additional, Vaselli, Stefano, additional, and Jenkins, Stuart R., additional
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- 2013
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20. Relating Remotely Sensed Optical Variability to Marine Benthic Biodiversity
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Herkül, Kristjan, primary, Kotta, Jonne, additional, Kutser, Tiit, additional, and Vahtmäe, Ele, additional
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- 2013
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21. Specialization among amphipods: the invasive Gammarus tigrinus has narrower niche space compared to native gammarids.
- Author
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Herkül, Kristjan, Lauringson, Velda, and Kotta, Jonne
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GAMMARUS ,AMPHIPODA ,ECOLOGICAL niche ,BIODIVERSITY ,PLANT classification - Abstract
Human-mediated invasions of nonindigenous species are modifying global biodiversity. Despite significant interest in the topic, niche separation and specialization of invasive and closely related native sympatric species are not well understood. It is expected that combined use of various methods may reveal different aspects of niche space and provide stronger evidence for niche partitioning as compared to a single method. We applied the species marginality index ( OMI) and species distribution modeling ( SDM) in the northern Baltic Proper to determine (1) if environmental niche spaces at habitat scale differ between taxonomically and functionally closely related invasive and native gammarid species, and (2) whether the observed pattern relates to the species distribution overlap. Both methods agreed in notably narrower and more segregated realized niche of invasive Gammarus tigrinus compared to the studied native gammarids. Among native species, the distribution of G. zaddachi overlapped the most with G. tigrinus. Our results confirm that widespread colonization does not require a wide niche of the colonizer, but may rather be a function of other biological traits and/or the saturation of the recipient ecosystem. The niche divergence and wider environmental niche space of native species are likely to safeguard their existence in habitats less suitable for G. tigrinus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
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22. Trophic interactions between native and alien palaemonid prawns and an alien gammarid in a brackish water ecosystem.
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Kuprijanov, Ivan, Kotta, Jonne, Lauringson, Velda, and Herkül, Kristjan
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PALAEMONIDAE ,SHRIMPS ,GAMMARIDAE ,INTRODUCED species ,AQUATIC invertebrates ,BRACKISH water ecology ,HABITATS - Abstract
Copyright of Proceedings of the Estonian Academy of Sciences is the property of Teaduste Akadeemia Kirjastus and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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- 2015
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23. Spatial distribution of marine benthic habitats in the Estonian coastal sea, northeastern Baltic Sea.
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Martin, Georg, Kotta, Jonne, Möller, Tiia, and Herkül, Kristjan
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BENTHIC animals ,BENTHIC ecology ,SPATIAL distribution (Quantum optics) ,AQUATIC habitats ,MACROPHYTES - Abstract
In this study six pilot marine areas were mapped in the Estonian coastal sea with the aim of assessing the spatial distribution of shallow-water benthic habitats and analysing how different these habitats are in terms of species composition and dominance structure of macrophytes and benthic invertebrates. Moderately exposed soft-bottom habitats prevailed in the study areas whereas sheltered hard-bottom habitats were the rarest. Habitats that included no habitat-forming species tended to be less diverse compared to those having any of such characteristic species. There were few species that were found in one habitat only. Although the physical environments of the habitats were not necessarily different, the majority of habitats were statistically different either in terms of species composition or dominance structure of benthic macrophyte and invertebrate species. This allows us to conclude that the studied habitats are 'real', i.e. the supported communities are most likely not found under similar abiotic environmental conditions without the habitat-forming species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2013
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24. Assessment of the ecological impact of an oil spill on shallow brackish-water benthic communities: a case study in the northeastern Baltic Sea.
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Herkül, Kristjan and Kotta, Jonne
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OIL spills & the environment , *BENTHIC animals , *AQUATIC invertebrates , *INVERTEBRATES , *BATHYPOREIA pilosa , *MACOMA baltica - Abstract
The relationship between the abiotic environment and the structure of macrozoobenthos was studied in shallow bays of the southwestern Gulf of Finland, the Baltic Sea, that were impacted by a moderate oil spill in 2006. Seabed sediment characteristics, depth, and wave exposure best explained the structure of benthos. Statistical analyses did not show explicit effects of oil on benthos. The decrease in the abundance of Bathyporeia pilosa and Macoma balthica may be related to the oil, but it would be speculative to attribute this pattern solely to the spill without a proper before-after-control-impact (BACI) design with several control locations. Our study clearly showed that in the case of accidental environmental impacts like oil pollution it is impossible to apply a proper setup of the BACI design. This leads to difficulties in distinguishing between the effects of natural environmental factors and oil on the biota. The study also advocates for needs of alternative methodologies in order to effectively assess the impacts of accidental anthropogenic disturbances on benthic communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2012
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25. Crustacean invasions in the Estonian coastal sea.
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Herkül, Kristjan, Kotta, Jonne, Püss, Teemar, and Kotta, Ilmar
- Subjects
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CRUSTACEA , *BENTHOS , *CALLIOPIUS laeviusculus , *ECHINOGAMMARUS , *MELITAEA , *GAMMARUS - Abstract
In this paper we describe the invasion history of benthic crustacean species that have recently invaded the Estonian coastal sea. Physical characteristics of their habitat and communities associated with the invasive species were explored. The crustaceans Gammarus tigrinus, Chelicorophium curvispinum, Pontogammarus robustoides, and Paramysis intermedia are the most recent newcomers in the Estonian coastal sea. All these species have formed permanent populations and more aggressive species have likely caused significant shifts in the community structure and functioning. Besides the true invasive species, some native amphipod species have significantly expanded their range in the Baltic Sea. This group consists of rare or previously not spotted benthic invertebrate species in the northern Baltic Sea range such as Echinogammarus stoerensis, Calliopius laeviusculus, and Melita palmata. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2009
- Full Text
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26. Response of benthic invertebrate communities to the large-scale dredging of Muuga Port.
- Author
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Kotta, Jonne, Herkül, Kristjan, Kotta, Ilmar, Orav-Kotta, Helen, and Apsa, Robert
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BENTHIC animals , *MACOMA baltica , *BENTHOS , *BIOMASS , *DREDGING - Abstract
The dynamics of benthic invertebrate communities in Muuga Bay was described in connection with large-scale dredging activities. The spatial extent and duration of the effects were assessed by multivariate analysis and spatial modelling. In general, dredging had moderate effects on benthic invertebrates both in space and time. Still, dredging resulted in an elevated biomass of bivalves, namely that of Macoma balthica. These bivalves were more impacted on flat bottoms compared to steep slopes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2009
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27. New records of the amphipods Chelicorophium curvispinum, Gammarus tigrinus, G. duebeni, and G. lacustris in the Estonian coastal sea.
- Author
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Herkül, Kristjan and Kotta, Jonne
- Subjects
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BENTHIC animals , *INTRODUCED species , *EXOTIC marine organisms , *HABITATS , *GAMMARUS duebeni , *GAMMARUS lacustris - Abstract
North-American Gammarus tigrinus and Ponto-Caspian Chelicorophium curvispinum are the most recently arrived exotic species in the benthic fauna of the Estonian coastal sea. Gammarus tigrinus was found for the first time in Kõiguste Bay, northern Gulf of Riga, in 2003. The range expansion of G. tigrinus was extremely rapid and by 2005 the species was found all over the northern Gulf of Riga. Chelicorophium curvispinum was found for the first time near Sillamäe, eastern Gulf of Finland, in 2005. The nearest established populations of these species are located in the Curonian Lagoon, Lithuania. In connection with the range expansion survey of G. tigrinus the rare gammarids of the Estonian coastal sea G. duebeni and G. lacustris were found in marginal coastal habitats, e.g. isolated bays and small coastal pools of the northern Gulf of Riga in 2005. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2007
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28. Seasonal changes in the population structure and life cycle of Neomysis integer in Pärnu Bay, northeastern Baltic Sea.
- Author
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Kotta, Ilmar, Kotta, Jonne, and Herkül, Kristjan
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BIOMASS ,MYSIDAE ,LIFE cycles (Biology) ,BIOTIC communities ,SPECIES ,ANIMAL wintering - Abstract
Copyright of Estonian Journal of Ecology is the property of Teaduste Akadeemia Kirjastus and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2007
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. Seasonal changes in the population structure and life cycle of Neomysis integerin Pärnu Bay, northeastern Baltic Sea
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Kotta, Ilmar, Kotta, Jonne, and Herkül, Kristjan
- Abstract
In winter and spring the density of overwintering generations of Neomysis integerwas low. In spring the increase in the biomass of the generations was due to the growth in length and not due to reproduction. The mysid bred continuously through the summer and had two recruitment peaks. The mortality of the species abruptly increased from September. The timing of reproduction depended on the harshness of winter NAO winter index and spring temperature. Reproduction took place earlier in milder winter and spring conditions. Large-scale climate patterns such as the NAO index were a better predictor of the life cycle of N. integerin Pärnu Bay than local environmental variables.
- Published
- 2007
30. New records of the amphipods Chelicorophium curvispinum, Gammarus tigrinus, G. duebeni,and G. lacustrisin the Estonian coastal sea
- Author
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Herkül, Kristjan and Kotta, Jonne
- Abstract
North-American Gammarus tigrinusand Ponto-Caspian Chelicorophium curvispinumare the most recently arrived exotic species in the benthic fauna of the Estonian coastal sea. Gammarus tigrinuswas found for the first time in Kõiguste Bay, northern Gulf of Riga, in 2003. The range expansion of G. tigrinuswas extremely rapid and by 2005 the species was found all over the northern Gulf of Riga. Chelicorophium curvispinumwas found for the first time near Sillamäe, eastern Gulf of Finland, in 2005. The nearest established populations of these species are located in the Curonian Lagoon, Lithuania. In connection with the range expansion survey of G. tigrinusthe rare gammarids of the Estonian coastal sea G. duebeni and G. lacustriswere found in marginal coastal habitats, e.g. isolated bays and small coastal pools of the northern Gulf of Riga in 2005.
- Published
- 2007
31. Läänemere kirdeosa põhjaelustiku bioloogiline mitmekesisus: kaardistamise metoodikad, ruumilised mustrid ja seosed keskkonnamuutujatega
- Author
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Peterson, Anneliis, Herkül, Kristjan, juhendaja, and Tartu Ülikool. Loodus- ja täppisteaduste valdkond
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makrofütobentos ,Estonia ,uurimismeetodid ,Baltic Sea ,dissertatsioonid ,sea bottom ,geomorphological maps ,geomorfoloogilised kaardid ,research methods ,suurselgrootud ,kaardistamine ,Eesti ,liigirikkus ,distribution maps ,rannikumeri ,species richness ,mapping ,dissertations ,bentos ,ETD ,coastal sea ,benthos ,merepõhi ,levikukaardid ,rannik ,väitekirjad ,macrophytobenthos ,coast ,Läänemeri - Abstract
Väitekirja elektrooniline versioon ei sisalda publikatsioone, Bioloogiline mitmekesisus tagab ökosüsteemi funktsioneerimise muutuvates keskkonnatingimustes. Merealade ja ranniku kasutamine inimeste poolt on aga järjest intensiivistunud ning merealad on üha suureneva inimtegevustest tuleneva surve all. Mere kaitse ja majandamise otsuste jaoks on vaja bioloogilise mitmekesisuse kaarte, kuid tavapärane proovide kogumisel põhinev metoodika ei sobi suurte merealade kaardistamiseks. Käesolevas töös modelleeriti merepõhja suurtaimestiku ja suurselgrootute liigirikkuse ruumilist levikut Eestis kasutades sisendina proovipunktipõhiseid bioloogilise mitmekesisuse andmeid ja erinevate keskkonnamuutujate kaardikihte. Kõrgeimad põhjaelustiku liigirikkuse väärtused registreeriti Lääne-Eesti saarestikus. Võimalikke muutusi põhjaelustiku liigirikkuses tuleviku kliima tingimustes hinnati samuti modelleerimise abil ja leiti, et nii taimestiku kui loomastiku liigirikkus väheneb suuremal osal Eesti merealast. Modelleeritud liigirikkuse kaardikihte kasutati mereranna geomorfoloogia ja põhjaelustiku liigirikkuse vaheliste seoste uurimiseks, mille tulemusel leiti, et ranna geomorfoloogiliste tüüpide vahel esinesid statistiliselt olulise erinevused merepõhja elustiku liigirikkuses. Arendati välja metoodika merepõhja substraadi ja elustiku kaardistamiseks kasutades sonarit, veealuseid videoid ja matemaatilist modelleerimist. Metoodika võimaldab punktipõhise kaardistamisega võrreldes kõrgema detailsusega merepõhja substraadi ja elustiku leviku kaardistamist. Lisaks töötati välja põhjaelustiku liigirikkuse ja teiste mere loodusväärtuste (põhjaelustiku liigid, linnud, hülged) levikuandmete kasutamise hõlbustamiseks mere majandamisel spetsiaalsed meetodid – merekeskkonna tundlikkuse (EVP) ja riski profiilide (ERP) kaardikihid. EVP näitab merekeskkonna potentsiaalset tundlikkust häiringutele ja ERP võimaldab kindlaks teha piirkonnad, kus oht keskkonnale on kõrgeim nii elustiku pikaajalise taastumise kui kõrge inimtegevustest tuleneva surve tõttu., Biodiversity is important for keeping marine ecosystem functionality under changing environmental conditions. The human use of marine areas is increasing worldwide and intensively used marine areas are under increasing pressures. Decrease of marine biodiversity has already taken place. Therefore, knowledge about spatial patterns of biodiversity and its connections with environmental gradients is crucial to detect and follow changes in biodiversity and to form a well-informed basis for the protection and management of marine resources. In this study, the distribution of species richness of seabed macrovegetation and macroinvertebrates was modeled in the Estonian marine area based on previous point-wise sampling data and map layers of environmental variables (water depth, salinity etc). Highest biodiversity values were detected in the western Estonia archipelago. Potential changes of species richness in the conditions of future climate change were also estimated by modeling. It was found that biodiversity of both seabed flora and fauna will probably decrease across Estonian sea area. Modeled benthic biodiversity layers were further used to test the relationships between underwater biodiversity and shore geomorphology and it was shown that differences in the benthic biodiversity values close to different geomorphological shore types exist. Methodology for mapping seabed substrate and biota using acoustic scanning (sonar), underwater video and mathematical modeling was developed. Compared to the previous point-wise mapping the new sonar- and modelling-based methodology enables mapping of seabed substrate and biota with significantly higher resolution. To facilitate the use of spatial data of biodiversity and other nature values (benthic species, seals, birds) in marine management, marine environmental vulnerability (EVP) and risk (ERP) profiles were developed. EVP identifies environmentally vulnerable areas and ERP identifies areas where environmental risks are highest., https://www.ester.ee/record=b5251349~S1
- Published
- 2019
32. Kohalike ja invasiivsete röövtoiduliste suurselgrootute elupaigakasutus ja toitumissuhted Läänemere põhjaosas
- Author
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Kuprijanov, Ivan, Kotta, Jonne, juhendaja, Herkül, Kristjan, juhendaja, and Tartu Ülikool. Loodus- ja täppisteaduste valdkond
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dissertations ,Baltic Sea ,võõrliigid ,elupaigad ,predatory animals ,dissertatsioonid ,ETD ,alien species ,väitekirjad ,suurselgrootud ,troofilised suhted ,habitats ,trophic relationships ,Läänemeri ,röövloomad - Abstract
Väitekirja elektrooniline versioon ei sisalda publikatsioone, Röövtoidulised suurselgrootud, peamiselt vähilaadsed, on rannikumere toitumisvõrgustikes oluliseks lüliks põhjaelustiku ja kalade vahel ning ühtlasi nad reguleerivad väiksemate selgrootute arvukust. Läänemere põhjaosas elas selle rühma esindajaid seni ainult kaks liiki – läänemere krevett (Palaemon adspersus) ja põhjamere garneel (Crangon crangon). Hiljuti lisandusid neile kohalikele liikidele kaks võõrliiki – elegantne krevett (Palaemon elegans) ja rändkrabi (Rhithropanopeus harrisii). Kohalike ja võõrliikidest röövtoiduliste suurselgrootute leviku, elupaigaeelistuste ja toitumise uurimiseks kasutati olemasolevaid põhjaelustiku leviku andmeid, spetsiaalselt uuritavatele liikidele suunatud proovide kogumist loodusest ja laborikatseid, kus rakendati muuhulgas loomade raadiomärgistamist. Võõrliigist kreveti levik oli ulatuslikum kui kohalike krevettide levik. Võõrliik oli kohalike krevettidega võrreldes enam seotud elupaikadega, millele on iseloomulikud etrofeerumise tunnused (kõrge toitainete kontsentratsioon, lühiealiste niitjate vetikate suur hulk). Krevettide toitumisuuringud näitasid, et uuritud Palaemon liikide toitumisintensiivsus ja toidu kooseis ei erinenud. Seega on kohaliku ja võõrkreveti roll rannikumere toiduvõrkudes sarnane, ent võõrliik võib troofilisi suhteid ümber kujundada piirkondades, kus kohalikud krevetid puuduvad. Kõige kitsama elupaigakasutusega oli põhjamere garneel ja Palaemon liikidest oli võõrliigi P. elegans spetsialiseerumise tase mõnevõrra kõrgem kui kohalikul liigil. R. harrisii eelistas põisadruga (Fucus vesiculosus) elupaika mis viitab sellele, et põisadruga elupaik pakub krabile aastaringset stabiilset elupaika ja et mitmekesine põhjakooslus võib saada seetõttu krabidest oluliselt mõjutatud. Doktoritöö tulemused näitasid, et elupaikade iseloom ja seisund mõjutab kohalike ja võõrliikide levikumustreid ning võõrliikidest selgrootute kiskjate saabumine ja kiire levila laienemine Läänemere põhjaosas toovad kaasa täiesti uue ökoloogilise funktsiooni (suuremõõtmeline kiskja) või juba varem regionaalselt esinenud funktsiooni leviku piirkondadesse, kus see varem puudus., Decapod crustaceans, such as crabs and shrimps play an important role in coastal ecosystems as they prey on small benthic invertebrates and at the same time they are an important food item for fishes. Until recently, this group of macroinvertebrates consisted of only a few species in the northern Baltic Sea, including only two species of native shrimps – Crangon crangon and Palaemon adspersus. However, very recently two non-native crustacean predators arrived – the shrimp Palaemon elegans and the crab Rhithropanopeus harrisii. Data from available databases were used together with field sampling and laboratory experiments (incl. radio frequency positioning technology) to describe the geographical distribution, habitat selection, and feeding of native and invasive predatory crustaceans in the coastal areas of the northern Baltic Sea. The distribution of the non-native P. elegans was wider than that of native species. P. elegans was associated with lower salinity, higher concentrations of nutrients and higher proportions of ephemeral filamentous algae, relative to P. adspersus. According to results of the experiment on feeding activity, P. elegans performs a similar role in the coastal food web as the native congener, although it may rearrange trophic interactions and introduce new ecological function in the most eutrophicated areas previously lacking any native shrimp. Among the studied shrimps, C. crangon had the highest habitat specialization. The non-native P. elegans showed slightly higher habitat specialization compared to the native P. adspersus. The invasive crab R. harrisii preferred habitats with bladder wrack where the diverse native community may become heavily impacted by this novel large-bodied predator. This thesis showed that the successful establishment of non-native predatory invertebrates can introduce new ecological functions (large-bodied predators) or considerably strengthen already existed ones, while the heterogeneity of habitats has varying effects on the distribution patterns of native and invasive species.
- Published
- 2017
33. Relationships between biodiversity and the stability of marine ecosystems: Comparisons at a European scale using meta-analysis
- Author
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Aline Migné, Patrik Kraufvelin, Paul J. Somerfield, David M. Paterson, Kristie Dyson, Jonne Kotta, Dominique Davoult, Mathieu Cusson, Rebecca J. Aspden, Rita Araújo, Francesco Arenas, Antonio Terlizzi, Kristjan Herkül, Nicolas Spilmont, Laure M.-L. J. Noël, Stuart R. Jenkins, Simonetta Fraschetti, Olwyen Mulholland, James E. Saunders, Lisandro Benedetti-Cecchi, Markus Molis, Cédric Hubas, Fabio Bulleri, Isabel Sousa-Pinto, Tasman P. Crowe, Dipartimento di Biologia, University of Pisa - Università di Pisa, School of biological and environmental science, University College Dublin [Dublin] (UCD), Station biologique de Roscoff [Roscoff] (SBR), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Scottish Oceans Institute, University of St Andrews [Scotland], Station biologique de Roscoff (SBR), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Adaptation et diversité en milieu marin (ADMM), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Station biologique de Roscoff (SBR), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ecogéochimie et Fonctionnement des Ecosystèmes Benthiques (EFEB), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Station biologique de Roscoff (SBR), Sorbonne Université (SU), Laboratorio zoologia e biologia marina, Università del Salento [Lecce], Estonian Marine Institute, University of Tartu, Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), The Laboratory (Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom), Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom (MBA), Environmental and Marine Biology, Åbo Academy University, Novia University of Applied Sciences, Adaptation et diversité en milieu marin (AD2M), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Scottish Oceans Institute [University of St Andrews] (SOI), School of Biology [University of St Andrews], University of St Andrews [Scotland]-University of St Andrews [Scotland], Plymouth Marine Laboratory (PML), Laboratory of Coastal Biodiversity, Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), University of Porto, Laboratoire d’Océanologie et de Géosciences (LOG) - UMR 8187 (LOG), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Nord]), Cusson, Mathieu, Crowe Tasman, P., Araújo, Rita, Arenas, Francisco, Aspden, Rebbecca, Bulleri, Fabio, Davoult, Dominique, Dyson, Kirstie, Fraschetti, Simonetta, Herkül, Kristjan, Hubas, Cédric, Jenkins, Stuart, Kotta, Jonne, Kraufvelin, Patrik, Migné, Aline, Molis, Marku, Mulholland, Olwyen, Noël Laure, M. -L. J., Paterson David, M., Saunders, Jame, Somerfield Paul, J., Sousa-Pinto, Isabel, Spilmont, Nicola, Terlizzi, Antonio, Benedetti-Cecchi, Lisandro, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Station biologique de Roscoff [Roscoff] (SBR), Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO)-Université de Lille-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Noël Laure, M. L. J., Sousa Pinto, Isabel, Benedetti Cecchi, Lisandro, Crowe, Tasman P., Noël, Laure M. L. J., Paterson, David M., and Somerfield, Paul J.
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Biodiversity Ecosystem Functioning ,Temporal Variability ,Diversity–Stability Relationships ,Community Variability ,Benthic Marine Coastal Habitats ,Ecology ,Diversity–Stability Relationship ,Biodiversity ,Species diversity ,Body size and species richness ,[SDV.BID]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity ,15. Life on land ,Aquatic Science ,Biology ,Oceanography ,Abundance (ecology) ,Species evenness ,14. Life underwater ,Rank abundance curve ,Species richness ,Biodiversity Ecosystem Functioning, Temporal Variability, Diversity–Stability Relationships, Community Variability, Benthic Marine Coastal Habitats ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,Global biodiversity - Abstract
The relationship between biodiversity and stability of marine benthic assemblages was investigated through meta-analyses using existing data sets (n = 28) covering various spatial (m-km) and temporal (1973-2006; ranging from 5 to >250 months) scales in different benthic habitats (emergent rock, rock pools and sedimentary habitats) over different European marine systems (North Atlantic and western Mediterranean). Stability was measured by a lower variability in time, and variability was estimated as temporal variance of species richness, total abundance (density or % cover) and community structure (using Bray-Curtis dissimilarities on species composition and abundance). Stability generally decreased with species richness. Temporal variability in species richness increased with the number of species at both quadrat (
- Published
- 2015
34. Large-scale variation in combined impacts of canopy loss and disturbance on community structure and ecosystem functioning
- Author
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Markus Molis, Aline Migné, E. C. Defew, Stuart R. Jenkins, Fabio Bulleri, Stefano Vaselli, Laure M.-L. J. Noël, John N. Griffin, Dominique Davoult, Rebecca J. Aspden, Lisandro Benedetti-Cecchi, Isabel Sousa Pinto, Sophie K. Nicol, Jonne Kotta, Nelson Valdivia, Tasman P. Crowe, Simonetta Fraschetti, Claire Golléty, Francisco Arenas, Mathieu Cusson, Stanislao Bevilacqua, Kristjan Herkül, I. Davidson, Crowe, Tp, Cusson, M, Bulleri, F, Davoult, D, Arenas, F, Aspden, R, Benedetti Cecchi, L, Bevilacqua, Stanislao, Davidson, I, Defew, E, Fraschetti, Simonetta, Golléty, C, Griffin, Jn, Herkül, K, Kotta, J, Migné, A, Molis, M, Nicol, Sk, Noël LM, Lj, Sousa Pinto, I, Valdivia, N, Vaselli, S, Jenkins, Sr, European Commission, University of St Andrews. School of Biology, University of St Andrews. Sediment Ecology Research Group, University of St Andrews. Scottish Oceans Institute, University of St Andrews. Marine Alliance for Science & Technology Scotland, Crowe, Tasman P., Cusson, Mathieu, Bulleri, Fabio, Davoult, Dominique, Arenas, Francisco, Aspden, Rebecca, Benedetti-Cecchi, Lisandro, Davidson, Irvine, Defew, Emma, Golléty, Claire, Griffin, John N., Herkül, Kristjan, Kotta, Jonne, Migné, Aline, Molis, Marku, Nicol, Sophie K., Noël, Laure M. -L. J., Pinto, Isabel Sousa, Valdivia, Nelson, Vaselli, Stefano, Jenkins, Stuart R., School of Biology & Environmental Science, University College Dublin [Dublin] (UCD), Consorzio Nazionale Interuniversitario per le Scienze del Mare [Rome, Italie] (CoNISma), Département des Sciences Fondamentales [Chicoutimi] (DSF), Université du Québec à Chicoutimi (UQAC), Ecogéochimie et Fonctionnement des Ecosystèmes Benthiques (EFEB), Adaptation et diversité en milieu marin (AD2M), Station biologique de Roscoff [Roscoff] (SBR), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Station biologique de Roscoff [Roscoff] (SBR), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research [Matosinhos, Portugal] (CIIMAR), Universidade do Porto = University of Porto, Scottish Oceans Institute, University of St Andrews [Scotland], Department of Biological Environmental Science and Technology, Marine Biological Association, Estonian Marine Institute, University of Tartu, Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung (AWI), Laboratory of Coastal Biodiversity, Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), University of Porto, Centro des Estudios Avanzados en Zonas Aridas, Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas, Unita de Biologia Marina, University of Pisa - Università di Pisa, European Community [GOCE-CT-2003-505446], Irish Research Council for Science, Engineering and Technology, Universidade do Porto, Benedetti-Cecchi, L, Bevilacqua, S, Fraschetti, S, and Noël, LM-LJ
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0106 biological sciences ,Canopy ,Genetics and Molecular Biology (all) ,Aquatic Organisms ,[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio] ,QH301 Biology ,Population Dynamics ,Biodiversity ,Adaptation, Biological ,DIVERSITY ,lcsh:Medicine ,Marine and Aquatic Sciences ,01 natural sciences ,Biochemistry ,SDG 13 - Climate Action ,Climate change ,Conservation of Natural Resource ,lcsh:Science ,Multivariate Analysi ,Biomass (ecology) ,Multidisciplinary ,CLIMATE-CHANGE ,Ecology ,Aquatic Organism ,Community structure ,Marine Ecology ,Europe ,Conservation of Natural Resources ,Multivariate Analysis ,Rhodophyta ,Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (all) ,Agricultural and Biological Sciences (all) ,INTERTIDAL COMMUNITY ,Community Ecology ,[SDE]Environmental Sciences ,BIODIVERSITY LOSS ,Ecosystem Functioning ,Coastal Ecology ,Research Article ,Marine Biology ,010603 evolutionary biology ,Ecosystems ,QH301 ,Ecosystem ,14. Life underwater ,SDG 14 - Life Below Water ,Adaptation ,ASSEMBLAGES ,Biology ,Community Structure ,Species Extinction ,Population Dynamic ,STABILITY ,ROCKY SHORES ,010604 marine biology & hydrobiology ,lcsh:R ,Primary production ,15. Life on land ,Biological ,Species Interactions ,Disturbance (ecology) ,13. Climate action ,Earth Sciences ,Environmental science ,IDENTITY ,lcsh:Q ,MARINE BIODIVERSITY ,Species richness ,PRIMARY PRODUCTIVITY - Abstract
The project was carried out within the framework of the MarBEF Network of Excellence ‘Marine Biodiversity and Ecosystem Functioning’ which was funded by the Sustainable Development, Global Change and Ecosystems Programme of the European Community’s Sixth Framework Programme (contract no. GOCE-CT-2003-505446). Additional funding was provided by participating institutions and the Irish Research Council for Science, Engineering and Technology. Ecosystems are under pressure from multiple human disturbances whose impact may vary depending on environmental context. We experimentally evaluated variation in the separate and combined effects of the loss of a key functional group (canopy algae) and physical disturbance on rocky shore ecosystems at nine locations across Europe. Multivariate community structure was initially affected (during the first three to six months) at six locations but after 18 months, effects were apparent at only three. Loss of canopy caused increases in cover of non-canopy algae in the three locations in southern Europe and decreases in some northern locations. Measures of ecosystem functioning (community respiration, gross primary productivity, net primary productivity) were affected by loss of canopy at five of the six locations for which data were available. Short-term effects on community respiration were widespread, but effects were rare after 18 months. Functional changes corresponded with changes in community structure and/or species richness at most locations and times sampled, but no single aspect of biodiversity was an effective predictor of longer-term functional changes. Most ecosystems studied were able to compensate in functional terms for impacts caused by indiscriminate physical disturbance. The only consistent effect of disturbance was to increase cover of non-canopy species. Loss of canopy algae temporarily reduced community resistance to disturbance at only two locations and at two locations actually increased resistance. Resistance to disturbance-induced changes in gross primary productivity was reduced by loss of canopy algae at four locations. Location-specific variation in the effects of the same stressors argues for flexible frameworks for the management of marine environments. These results also highlight the need to analyse how species loss and other stressors combine and interact in different environmental contexts. Publisher PDF
- Published
- 2013
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