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Additional file 3. Association between IC50 values for chloroquine and polymorphisms at position 184 in pfmdr1 in the parasites with the pfcrt K76T mutation.

Article, 第Ⅱ部 調査・研究活動報告, TOPICS「Web」, サイトリニューアルの概要

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Additional file 5. No growth defect by the expression of PfRab5b-YFP-DD or PfRab5bQ94L-YFP-DD seen in the growth curve. Growth curve of parasites expressing PfRab5b-YFP-DD (a) or PfRab5bQ94L-YFP-DD (b). Parasitemia (%) was measured after treatment with (green and yellow) or without (blue and red) 0.5 μM Shld1 in the presence of 5 nM WR99210-HCl. (c) Immunoblot using anti-GFP antibody to probe PfRab5-YFP-DD showed that PfRab5-YFP-DD was highly expressed after the incubation with 0.5 μM of Shld1 for 24 h. Tpx1 is a loading control. (d) Quantification of intensity of PfRab5-YFP-DD in Additional Figure 5c. (e) Immunoblot of PfRab5-YFP-DD before or after washout of Shld1 for 2 h. (f) Quantification of intensity of PfRab5-YFP-DD in Additional Figure 5e.

Gastrointestinal symptoms, such as abdominal pain and diarrhea, are frequently observed in patients with Plasmodium falciparum malaria. However, the correlation between malaria intestinal pathology and intestinal microbiota has not been investigated. In the present study, infection of C57BL/6 mice with P. berghei ANKA (PbA) caused intestinal pathological changes, such as detachment of epithelia in the small intestines and increased intestinal permeability, which correlated with development with experimental cerebral malaria (ECM). Notably, an apparent dysbiosis occurred, characterized by a reduction of Firmicutes and an increase in Proteobacteria. Furthermore, some genera of microbiota correlated with parasite growth and/or ECM development. By contrast, BALB/c mice are resistant to ECM and exhibit milder intestinal pathology and dysbiosis. These results indicate that the severity of cerebral and intestinal pathology coincides with the degree of alteration in microbiota. This is the first report demonstrating that malaria affects intestinal microbiota and causes dysbiosis.

資料番号: PAIS08015000

This paper intends to consider the elderly migration to retirement homes for the elderly (Yuryo-Rojin-Homu in Japanese) as a case study in Onjuku in Chiba prefecture. To achive this purpose, the attributes of 286 residents and their previous residences are analyzed based on the directory of residents. As the resultes, the attributes of residents are mostly uniform. Most of them moved independently at ages of 60s from central area of the Tokyo Metropolitan Area (Tokyo, Yokohama, Kawaswaki), and their moves were done by themselves or with spouses. As to their social-economic statuses, their previous occupations and educational status are very high. The intensions of their movements are not to enjoy their life after the retirement at the facility. For residents, most significant function of the private home is the nursing care that is secured until they die, namely "lifelong care". Their movements are not the "amenity move". It is obvious that the private home residents move to receive the "lifelong care".

Recently Projection Pursuit Learning (PPL) emerged in the Neural Network (NN) literatures in recent years which used smoothing functions as activation functions in hidden units of NN. As this network uses smoothing functions as activation functions for hidden units, adaptability for various problems is expected to be excellent than other networks....

In speech recognition under noisy environments, it is necessary to construct a system which reduces noise and enhances speech. It is effective to imitate the human auditory system which has an excellent mechanism to analyze the spectrum for speech enhancement....

We are producing a transgenic mosquito, a flying syringe, to deliver a vaccine protein to human beings via the saliva the mosquito deposits in the skin while biting. The mosquito produces a vaccine protein in the salivary gland (SG) and deposits the protein into the host's skin when it takes the host's blood. We chose circumsporozoite protein (CSP), currently the most promising malaria vaccine candidate, to be expressed in the SG of Anopheles stephensi. To transform the mosquitoes, plasmid containing the CSP gene under the promoter of female SG-specific gene, as well as the green fluorescent protein (GFP) gene under the promoter of 3xP3 as a selection marker in the eyes, was injected into more than 400 eggs. As a result, five strains of GFP-expressing mosquitoes were established, and successful CSP expression in the SG was confirmed in one strain. The estimated amount of CSP in the SG of the strain was 40 ng per mosquito. We allowed the CSP-expressing mosquitoes to feed on mice to induce the production of anti-CSP antibody. However, the mice did not develop anti-CSP antibody even after transgenic mosquitoes had bitten them several times. We consider that CSP in the SG was not secreted properly into the saliva. Further techniques and trials are required in order to realize vaccine-delivering mosquitoes.