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4. The Arabidopsis thaliana-Fusarium oxysporum strain 5176 pathosystem: an overview

Author

Höfte, M, Wang, L, Calabria, J, Chen, H-W, Somssich, M, Hofte, M, Höfte, M, Wang, L, Calabria, J, Chen, H-W, Somssich, M, and Hofte, M

Abstract

Fusarium oxysporum is a soil-borne fungal pathogen of several major food crops. Research on understanding the molecular details of fungal infection and the plant's defense mechanisms against this pathogen has long focused mainly on the tomato-infecting F. oxysporum strains and their specific host plant. However, in recent years, the Arabidopsis thaliana-Fusarium oxysporum strain 5176 (Fo5176) pathosystem has additionally been established to study this plant-pathogen interaction with all the molecular biology, genetic, and genomic tools available for the A. thaliana model system. Work on this system has since produced several new insights, especially with regards to the role of phytohormones involved in the plant's defense response, and the receptor proteins and peptide ligands involved in pathogen detection. Furthermore, work with the pathogenic strain Fo5176 and the related endophytic strain Fo47 has demonstrated the suitability of this system for comparative studies of the plant's specific responses to general microbe- or pathogen-associated molecular patterns. In this review, we highlight the advantages of this specific pathosystem, summarize the advances made in studying the molecular details of this plant-fungus interaction, and point out open questions that remain to be answered.

Published
2022

5. Improvement of fitness and biocontrol properties of Pseudomonas putida via an extracellular heme peroxidase

Author

Junta de Andalucía, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Santamaría-Hernando, Saray, De Bruyne, L., Höfte, M., Ramos-González, María Isabel, Junta de Andalucía, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Santamaría-Hernando, Saray, De Bruyne, L., Höfte, M., and Ramos-González, María Isabel

Abstract

The extracellular 373-kDa PehA heme peroxidase of Pseudomonas putida KT2440 has two enzymatic domains which depend on heme cofactor for their peroxidase activity. A null pehA mutant was generated to examine the impact of PehA in rhizosphere colonization competence and the induction of plant systemic resistance (ISR). This mutant was not markedly hampered in colonization efficiency. However, increase in pehA dosage enhanced colonization fitness about 30 fold in the root and 900 fold in the root apex. In vitro assays with purified His-tagged enzymatic domains of PehA indicated that heme-dependent peroxidase activity was required for the enhancement of root tip colonization. Evaluation of live/dead cells confirmed that overexpression of pehA had a positive effect on bacterial cell viability. Following root colonization of rice plants by KT2440 strain, the incidence of rice blast caused by Magnaporthe oryzae was reduced by 65% and the severity of this disease was also diminished in comparison to non-treated plants. An increase in the pehA dosage was also beneficial for the control of rice blast as compared with gene inactivation. The results suggest that PehA helps P. putida to cope with the plant-imposed oxidative stress leading to enhanced colonization ability and concomitant ISR-elicitation.

Published
2022

15. Inzet nuttige schimmels en bacteriën vergt maatwerk en meer kennis : Bodem en substraat bepalen succes biostimulanten

Author

Höfte, M., Kierkels, T., Heuvelink, E., Höfte, M., Kierkels, T., and Heuvelink, E.

Abstract

Waarom werken biostimulanten met micro-organismen, zoals Trichoderma de ene keer wel en de andere keer niet? Voor de praktijk is dit vaak een ongrijpbaar fenomeen. Langzamerhand komt er meer zicht op. Maar sommige problemen zijn niet met microbiologie op te lossen.

Published
2020

20. Occurrence, distribution and contamination levels of heat-resistant moulds throughout the processing of pasteurized high-acid fruit products

Author

Santos JLPD, Samapundo S, Biyikli A, Van Impe J, Akkermans S, Höfte M, Abatih EN, Sant'Ana AS, and Devlieghere F

Subjects
Ascomycota/*physiology, Belgium, Brazil, Food Handling, Food Microbiology, Fragaria/microbiology, Fruit/*microbiology, Fruit and Vegetable Juices/*microbiology, Hot Temperature, Malus/microbiology, Netherlands, Pasteurization, Spores, Fungal/isolation & purification/physiology
Abstract

Heat-resistant moulds (HRMs) are well known for their ability to survive pasteurization and spoil high-acid food products, which is of great concern for processors of fruit-based products worldwide. Whilst the majority of the studies on HRMs over the last decades have addressed their inactivation, few data are currently available regarding their contamination levels in fruit and fruit-based products. Thus, this study aimed to quantify and identify heat-resistant fungal ascospores from samples collected throughout the processing of pasteurized high-acid fruit products. In addition, an assessment on the effect of processing on the contamination levels of HRMs in these products was carried out. A total of 332 samples from 111 batches were analyzed from three processing plants (=three processing lines): strawberry puree (n = 88, Belgium), concentrated orange juice (n = 90, Brazil) and apple puree (n = 154, the Netherlands). HRMs were detected in 96.4% (107/111) of the batches and 59.3% (197/332) of the analyzed samples. HRMs were present in 90.9% of the samples from the strawberry puree processing line (1-215 ascospores/100 g), 46.7% of the samples from the orange juice processing line (1-200 ascospores/100 g) and 48.7% of samples from the apple puree processing line (1-84 ascospores/100 g). Despite the high occurrence, the majority (76.8%, 255/332) of the samples were either not contaminated or presented low levels of HRMs ( 0.05). On the contrary, a significant reduction (p < 0.05) in HRMs levels was observed during the processing of apple puree. Twelve species were identified belonging to four genera - Byssochlamys, Aspergillus with Neosartorya-type ascospores, Talaromyces and Rasamsonia. N. fumigata (23.6%), N. fischeri (19.1%) and B. nivea (5.5%) were the predominant species in pasteurized products. The quantitative data (contamination levels of HRMs) were fitted to exponential distributions and will ultimately be included as input to spoilage risk assessment models which would allow better control of the spoilage of heat treated fruit products caused by heat-resistant moulds.

Published
2018

24. Minimum Information about a Biosynthetic Gene cluster

Author

Medema, M., Kottmann, R., Yilmaz, P., Cummings, M., Biggins, J., Blin, K., de Bruijn, I., Chooi, Y., Claesen, J., Coates, R., Cruz-Morales, P., Duddela, S., Düsterhus, S., Edwards, D., Fewer, D., Garg, N., Geiger, C., Gomez-Escribano, J., Greule, A., Hadjithomas, M., Haines, A., Helfrich, E., Hillwig, M., Ishida, K., Jones, A., Jones, C., Jungmann, K., Kegler, C., Uk Kim, H., Kötter, P., Krug, D., Masschelein, J., Melnik, A., Mantovani, S., Monroe, E., Moore, M., Moss, N., Nützmann, H., Pan, G., Pati, A., Petras, D., Reen, F., Rui, Z., Tian, Z., Tsunematsu, Y., Tobias, N., Wiemann, P., Wyckoff, E., Yan, X., Yim, G., Yu, F., Xie, Y., Aigle, B., Apel, A., Balibar, C., Balskus, E., Barona-Gómez, F., Bechthold, A., Bode, H., Borriss, R., Brady, S., Brakhage, A., Caffrey, P., Cheng, Y., Clardy, J., Cox, R., De Mot, R., Donadio, S., van der Donk, W., Dorrestein, P., Doyle, S., Driessen, A., Ehling-Schulz, M., Entian, K., Fischbach, M., Gerwick, L., Gerwick, W., Gross, H., Gust, B., Hertweck, C., Höfte, M., Jensen, S., Ju, J., Katz, L., Kaysser, L., Klassen, J., Keller, N., Kormanec, J., Kuipers, O., Kuzuyama, T., Kyrpides, N., Kwon, H., Lautru, S., Lavigne, R., Lee, C., Linquan, B., Liu, X., Liu, W., Luzhetskyy, A., Mahmud, T., Mast, Y., Méndez, C., Metsä-Ketelä, M., Micklefield, J., Mitchell, D., Moore, B., Moreira, L., Müller, R., Neilan, B., Nett, M., Nielsen, J., O’Gara, F., Oikawa, H., Osbourn, A., Osburne, M., Ostash, B., Payne, S., Pernode, J., Petricek, M., Piel, J., Ploux, O., Raaijmakers, J., Salas, J., Schmitt, E., Scott, B., Seipke, R., Shen, B., Sherman, D., Sivonen, K., Smanski, M., Sosio, M., Stegmann, E., Süssmuth, R., Tahlan, K., Thomas, C., Tang, Y., Truman, A., Viaud, M., Walton, J., Walsh, C., Weber, T., van Wezel, G., Wilkinson, B., Willey, J., Wohlleben, W., Wright, G., Ziemert, N., Zhang, C., Zotchev, S., Breitling, R., Takano, E., and Glöckner, F.

Abstract

A wide variety of enzymatic pathways that produce specialized metabolites in bacteria, fungi and plants are known to be encoded in biosynthetic gene clusters. Information about these clusters, pathways and metabolites is currently dispersed throughout the literature, making it difficult to exploit. To facilitate consistent and systematic deposition and retrieval of data on biosynthetic gene clusters, we propose the Minimum Information about a Biosynthetic Gene cluster (MIBiG) data standard.

Published
2015

25. Project rond de biologische bestrijding van Verticillium longisporum in bloemkool sluit af met mooie eindresultaten

Author

Pollet, S., Callens, D., Spiessens, K., De Rooster, L., Deketelaere, S., Höfte, M., Pollet, S., Callens, D., Spiessens, K., De Rooster, L., Deketelaere, S., and Höfte, M.

Abstract

Bloemkooltelers met velden die geïnfecteerd zijn door de bodemschimmel Verticillium longisporum kunnen in droge, warme zomers zware opbrengst- en kwaliteitsverliezen lijden. Het labo Fytopathologie van de faculteit Bio-ingenieurswetenschappen (UGent), Inagro en het Proefsta-tion voor de Groenteteelt Sint-Katelijne-Waver (PSKW) werk-ten samen aan de ontwikkeling van een duurzame biolo-gische controle voor deze pathogeen. Het onderzoek toonde aan dat een combinatie van maatregelen kan helpen om de ziekte te beheersen.

Published
2016

26. Comparative analysis of pathogenic and nonpathogenic <italic>Fusarium oxysporum</italic> populations associated with banana on a farm in Minas Gerais, Brazil.

Author

Deltour, P., França, S. C., Heyman, L., Pereira, O. L., and Höfte, M.

Subjects
FUSARIUM oxysporum, BANANA diseases & pests, BACTERIAL evolution, PLANT phylogeny, VIRULENCE of bacteria
Abstract

Fusarium wilt is one of the most devastating diseases on banana. The causal agent, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (Foc) is genetically diverse and its origin and virulence are poorly understood. In this study, pathogenic Foc isolates and nonpathogenic F. oxysporum isolates from Minas Gerais in Brazil were compared using EF‐1α and IGS sequences. This allowed the examination of the origin and evolutionary potential of Foc in a country outside the region of origin of the banana plant. Two different sequence types were found among Foc isolates. One appeared to be of local origin because it was identical to the sequence type of the largest group of nonpathogenic isolates. To explore if the ‘local’ Foc isolates had acquired pathogenicity either independently through coevolution with the host, or through horizontal gene transfer (HGT) of pathogenicity genes from other, probably introduced, Foc isolates, the presence and sequence of putative SIX effector genes were analysed. Homologues of SIX1, SIX3 and SIX8 were found. SIX1 sequences were identical and exclusively found in all pathogenic isolates, while variable ratios of sequences of multicopy gene SIX8 were found among nonpathogenic and different pathogenic isolates. This observation supports the HGT hypothesis. Horizontal transfer of genes between isolates of F. oxysporum has important implications for the development of reliable diagnostic tools and effective control measures. Full genome sequencing is required to confirm HGT and to further unravel the virulence mechanisms of forma specialis cubense. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2018
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27. Species prevalence and disease progression studies demonstrate a seasonal shift in the <italic>Alternaria</italic> population composition on potato.

Author

Vandecasteele, M., Landschoot, S., Carrette, J., Verwaeren, J., Audenaert, K., Haesaert, G., and Höfte, M.

Subjects
ALTERNARIA, POTATOES, DISEASE prevalence, DISEASE progression, MICROBIAL virulence
Abstract

To assess the incidence of early blight/brown spot (EB/BS) in Flanders (Belgium), potato fields in 22 locations were monitored and scored over the duration of the growing seasons 2014 and 2015. The average disease incidence was shown to be higher in 2014 than in 2015. Soil type, rainfall and temperature were also analysed in relation to disease incidence. In 2014, potato plants grown in sandy soils had more EB/BS disease than those grown in clay or loamy soils. However, the low disease incidence in 2015 meant that differences in disease levels between soil types could not be discerned for that growing season. A windowpane analysis demonstrated that rainfall and humidity accounted for the differences in disease incidence between the two growing seasons. During the course of the survey, the species composition in leaves with symptoms was assessed using real‐time PCR. Remarkably, small‐spored Alternaria species, such as A. alternata and A. arborescens, rather than the more virulent A. solani were the predominant species on potato leaves throughout the growing season. As the disease progressed, the proportion of A. solani increased. In view of these results, the virulence of a collected set of Alternaria isolates was assessed by an in vitro assay. Despite A. solani being more virulent than A. alternata or A. arborescens, the most abundant species isolated from potato leaves with symptoms was A. arborescens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2018
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28. The expansion of Phytophthora clade 8b: three new species associated with winter grown vegetable crops

Author

Bertier, L., Brouwer, H., Cock, Arthur, Cooke, D.E.L., Olsson, C.H.B., Höfte, M., and Naturalis journals & series

Subjects
Phytophthora, species description, vegetables, fungi, food and beverages, host specificity, low temperatures, phylogeny, Research Article
Abstract

Despite its association with important agricultural crops, Phytophthora clade 8b is a poorly studied group of species. The clade currently consists of three officially described species (Phytophthora porri, P. brassicae and P. primulae) that are host-specific pathogens of leek, cabbages and Primula spp., respectively. However, over the past few decades, several other clade 8b-like Phytophthoras have been found on a variety of different host plants that were all grown at low temperatures in winter seasons. In this study, a collection of 30 of these isolates was subjected to a phylogenetic study using two loci (the rDNA ITS region and the mitochondrial cox1 gene). This analysis revealed a clear clustering of isolates according to their host plants. To verify whether these isolates belong to separate species, a detailed morphological study was conducted. On the basis of genetic and morphological differences and host specificity, we now present the official description of three new species in clade 8b: Phytophthora cichorii sp. nov., P. dauci sp. nov. and P. lactucae sp. nov. Two other groups of isolates (Phytophthora taxon castitis and Phytophthora taxon parsley) might also represent new species but the data available at this time are insufficient for an official description. This brings Phytophthora clade 8b to a group of six species that are all host-specific, slow-growing and specifically infect herbaceous crops at low temperatures.

Published
2013

29. Minimum Information about a Biosynthetic Gene cluster

Author

Medema, M.H., Kottmann, R., Yilmaz, P., Cummings, M., Biggins, J.B., Blin, K., de Bruijn, I., Chooi, Y.H., Claesen, J., Coates, R.C., Cruz-Morales, P., Duddela, S., Düsterhus, S., Edwards, D.J., Fewer, D.P., Garg, N., Geiger, C., Gomez-Escribano, J.P., Greule, A., Hadjithomas, M., Haines, A.S., Helfrich, E.J., Hillwig, M.L., Ishida, K., Jones, A.C., Jones, C.S., Jungmann, K., Kegler, C., Kim, H.U., Kötter, P., Krug, D., Masschelein, J., Melnik, A.V., Mantovani, S.M., Monroe, E.A., Moore, M., Moss, N., Nützmann, H.W., Pan, G., Pati, A., Petras, D., Reen, F.J., Rosconi, F., Rui, Z., Tian, Z., Tobias, N.J., Tsunematsu, Y., Wiemann, P., Wyckoff, E., Yan, X., Yim, G., Yu, F., Xie, Y., Aigle, B., Apel, A.K., Balibar, C.J., Balskus, E.P., Barona-Gómez, F., Bechthold, A., Bode, H.B., Borriss, R., Brady, S.F., Brakhage, Axel A., Caffrey, P., Cheng, Yo, Clardy, J., Cox, R.J., De Mot, R., Donadio, S., Donia, M.S., van der Donk, W.A., Dorrestein, P.C., Doyle, Sean, Driessen, A.J., Ehling-Schulz, M., Entian, K.D., Fischbach, M.A., Gerwick, L., Gerwick, W.H., Gross, H., Gust, B., Hertweck, C., Höfte, M., Jensen, S.E., Ju, J., Katz, L., Kaysser, L., Klassen, J.L., Keller, N.P., Kormanec, J., Kuipers, O.P., Kuzuyama, T., Kyrpides, N.C., Kwon, H.J., Lautru, S., Lavigne, R., Lee, C.Y., Linquan, B., Liu, X., Liu, W., Luzhetskyy, A., Mahmud, T., Mast, Y., Méndez, C., Metsä-Ketelä, M., Micklefield, J., Mitchell, D.A., Moore, B.S., Moreira, L.M., Muller, R., Neilan, B.A., Nett, M., Nielsen, J., O'Gara, F., Oikawa, H., Osbourn, A., Osburne, M.S., Ostash, B., Payne, S.M., Pernodet, J.L., Petricek, M., Piel, J., Ploux, O., Raaijmakers, J.M., Salas, J.A., Schmitt, E.K., Scott, B., Seipke, R.F., Shen, B., Sherman, D.H., Sivonen, K., Smanski, M.J., Sosio, M., Stegmann, E., Süssmuth, R.D., Tahlan, K., Thomas, C.M., Tang, Y., Truman, A.W., Viaud, M., Walton, J.D., Walsh, C.T., Weber, T., van Wezel, G.P., Wilkinson, B., Willey, J.M., Wohlleben, W., Wright, G.D., Ziemert, N., Zhang, C., Zotchev, S.B., Breitling, R., Takano, E., Glöckner, F.O., Medema, M.H., Kottmann, R., Yilmaz, P., Cummings, M., Biggins, J.B., Blin, K., de Bruijn, I., Chooi, Y.H., Claesen, J., Coates, R.C., Cruz-Morales, P., Duddela, S., Düsterhus, S., Edwards, D.J., Fewer, D.P., Garg, N., Geiger, C., Gomez-Escribano, J.P., Greule, A., Hadjithomas, M., Haines, A.S., Helfrich, E.J., Hillwig, M.L., Ishida, K., Jones, A.C., Jones, C.S., Jungmann, K., Kegler, C., Kim, H.U., Kötter, P., Krug, D., Masschelein, J., Melnik, A.V., Mantovani, S.M., Monroe, E.A., Moore, M., Moss, N., Nützmann, H.W., Pan, G., Pati, A., Petras, D., Reen, F.J., Rosconi, F., Rui, Z., Tian, Z., Tobias, N.J., Tsunematsu, Y., Wiemann, P., Wyckoff, E., Yan, X., Yim, G., Yu, F., Xie, Y., Aigle, B., Apel, A.K., Balibar, C.J., Balskus, E.P., Barona-Gómez, F., Bechthold, A., Bode, H.B., Borriss, R., Brady, S.F., Brakhage, Axel A., Caffrey, P., Cheng, Yo, Clardy, J., Cox, R.J., De Mot, R., Donadio, S., Donia, M.S., van der Donk, W.A., Dorrestein, P.C., Doyle, Sean, Driessen, A.J., Ehling-Schulz, M., Entian, K.D., Fischbach, M.A., Gerwick, L., Gerwick, W.H., Gross, H., Gust, B., Hertweck, C., Höfte, M., Jensen, S.E., Ju, J., Katz, L., Kaysser, L., Klassen, J.L., Keller, N.P., Kormanec, J., Kuipers, O.P., Kuzuyama, T., Kyrpides, N.C., Kwon, H.J., Lautru, S., Lavigne, R., Lee, C.Y., Linquan, B., Liu, X., Liu, W., Luzhetskyy, A., Mahmud, T., Mast, Y., Méndez, C., Metsä-Ketelä, M., Micklefield, J., Mitchell, D.A., Moore, B.S., Moreira, L.M., Muller, R., Neilan, B.A., Nett, M., Nielsen, J., O'Gara, F., Oikawa, H., Osbourn, A., Osburne, M.S., Ostash, B., Payne, S.M., Pernodet, J.L., Petricek, M., Piel, J., Ploux, O., Raaijmakers, J.M., Salas, J.A., Schmitt, E.K., Scott, B., Seipke, R.F., Shen, B., Sherman, D.H., Sivonen, K., Smanski, M.J., Sosio, M., Stegmann, E., Süssmuth, R.D., Tahlan, K., Thomas, C.M., Tang, Y., Truman, A.W., Viaud, M., Walton, J.D., Walsh, C.T., Weber, T., van Wezel, G.P., Wilkinson, B., Willey, J.M., Wohlleben, W., Wright, G.D., Ziemert, N., Zhang, C., Zotchev, S.B., Breitling, R., Takano, E., and Glöckner, F.O.

Abstract

A wide variety of enzymatic pathways that produce specialized metabolites in bacteria, fungi and plants are known to be encoded in biosynthetic gene clusters. Information about these clusters, pathways and metabolites is currently dispersed throughout the literature, making it difficult to exploit. To facilitate consistent and systematic deposition and retrieval of data on biosynthetic gene clusters, we propose the Minimum Information about a Biosynthetic Gene cluster (MIBiG) data standard.

Published
2015

32. The mitochondrial outer membrane AAA ATPase AtOM66 affects cell death and pathogen resistance in Arabidopsis thaliana

Author

Zhang, B., Van Aken, O., Thatcher, L., De Clercq, I., Duncan, O., Law, S., Murcha, M., Van Der Merwe, M., Seifi, H., Carrie, C., Cazzonelli, C., Radomiljac, J., Höfte, M., Singh, Karambir, Van Breusegem, F., Whelan, J., Zhang, B., Van Aken, O., Thatcher, L., De Clercq, I., Duncan, O., Law, S., Murcha, M., Van Der Merwe, M., Seifi, H., Carrie, C., Cazzonelli, C., Radomiljac, J., Höfte, M., Singh, Karambir, Van Breusegem, F., and Whelan, J.

Abstract

One of the most stress-responsive genes encoding a mitochondrial protein in Arabidopsis (At3g50930) has been annotated as AtBCS1 (cytochrome bc1 synthase 1), but was previously functionally uncharacterised. Here, we show that the protein encoded by At3g50930 is present as a homo-multimeric protein complex on the outer mitochondrial membrane and lacks the BCS1 domain present in yeast and mammalian BCS1 proteins, with the sequence similarity restricted to the AAA ATPase domain. Thus we propose to re-annotate this protein as AtOM66 (Outer Mitochondrial membrane protein of 66 kDa). While transgenic plants with reduced AtOM66 expression appear to be phenotypically normal, AtOM66 over-expression lines have a distinct phenotype, showing strong leaf curling and reduced starch content. Analysis of mitochondrial protein content demonstrated no detectable changes in mitochondrial respiratory complex protein abundance. Consistent with the stress inducible expression pattern, over-expression lines of AtOM66 are more tolerant to drought stress but undergo stress-induced senescence earlier than wild type. Genome-wide expression analysis revealed a constitutive induction of salicylic acid-related (SA) pathogen defence and cell death genes in over-expression lines. Conversely, expression of SA marker gene PR-1 was reduced in atom66 plants, while jasmonic acid response genes PDF1.2 and VSP2 have increased transcript abundance. In agreement with the expression profile, AtOM66 over-expression plants show increased SA content, accelerated cell death rates and are more tolerant to the biotrophic pathogen Pseudomonas syringae, but more susceptible to the necrotrophic fungus Botrytis cinerea. In conclusion, our results demonstrate a role for AtOM66 in cell death and amplifying SA signalling.

Published
2014

34. Verslag van de jaarlijkse bijeenkomst van de werkgroep Phytophthora en Pythium, 17 april 2012, Rijk Zwaan Breeding, De Lier

Author

Ellendorff, U., Gilijamse, E., Van Buyten, E., De Vleesschauwer, D., Höfte, M., Ellendorff, U., Gilijamse, E., Van Buyten, E., De Vleesschauwer, D., and Höfte, M.

Abstract

In dit verslag drie onderwerpen: Phytophthora capsici op paprika: een plant-pathogeeninteractie met uitdagingen; Pythium op wortel: een plantpathogeeninteractie met uitdagingen; Virulentiestrategieën van Pythiumsoorten om rijstwortels aan te tasten.

Published
2013

42. Verticillium bij bloemkool

Author

Debode, J., Höfte, M., Debode, J., and Höfte, M.

Abstract

In dit artikel wordt ingegaan op de biologie van de pathogeen en de mogelijkheden om de ziekte te beheersen. Er wordt ook een overzicht gegeven van een project dat sinds januari 2002 is opgestart aan het laboratorium voor Fytopathologie van de Universiteit Gent en tot doel heeft om enerzijds een inzicht te krijgen in deze pathogeen op bloemkool en anderzijds een efficiënte bestrijding te vinden. Rubrieken in dit artikel zijn: 1) Verticillium bij bloembool in België; 2) Verspreidingsgebied en waardplanten; 3) Detectie en identificatie; 4) Levenscyclus; 5) Bestrijding

Published
2003

48. Control ofPhytophthora cryptogeain the hydroponic forcing of witloof chicory with the rhamnolipid-based biosurfactant formulation PRO1.

Author

De Jonghe, K., De Dobbelaere, I., Sarrazyn, R., and Höfte, M.

Subjects
PHYTOPHTHORA, CHICORY, BIOSURFACTANTS, METABOLITES, PLANT diseases, SURFACE active agents
Abstract

Rhamnolipids, extracellular metabolites ofPseudomonas aeruginosawith surfactant properties, proved to be very effective in controlling the spread of brown root rot disease caused byPhytophthora cryptogeain the hydroponic forcing system of witloof chicory (Cichorium intybusvar.foliosum). The biosurfactant was applied as the product PRO1, a formulation of 25% rhamnolipids in oil. Both anin vitroscreening andin vivoexperiments in a mini-hydroponic system demonstrated the ability of PRO1 to control brown root rot. A 25  µg mL−1 rhamnolipids nutrient solution was enough to obtain good control of an artificial infection with a zoospore suspension ofP. cryptogea. The biosurfactant PRO1 performed well in a semicommercial system under growers’ conditions. A treatment of 25  µg mL−1 rhamnolipids (100  µg mL−1 PRO1) reduced the disease incidence significantly in two independent experiments. However, PRO1 was not effective when a mycelial suspension was used as inoculum. Rhamnolipids have good potential to limit the spread ofP. cryptogeain the hydroponic forcing system of witloof chicory, and can be used as a preventive measure against brown root rot. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2005
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49. Ziekten en plagen in koolgewassen

Author

Plovie, N., Callens, D., De Bruycker, E., De Reycke, L., De Rooster, L., Cardoen, I., Delobelle, I., Tirry, L., Van De Steene, F., Höfte, M., Plovie, N., Callens, D., De Bruycker, E., De Reycke, L., De Rooster, L., Cardoen, I., Delobelle, I., Tirry, L., Van De Steene, F., and Höfte, M.

Abstract

Koolgewassen zijn gevoelig voor heel wat ziekten en plagen. In deze brochure worden de belangrijkste ziekten en plagen in koolgewassen beschreven. Het tijdstip van voorkomen wordt aangegeven, de symptomen, de ontwikkelingscyclus en de gunstige omstandigheden voor de ontwikkeling, de waardplanten en hoe de ziekte of plaag voorkomen en eventueel bestrijden. Ook wordt elke ziekte of plaag met één of meerdere kleurenfoto’s geïllustreerd. Deze brochure moet dus een hulp zijn bij het kennen en herkennen van ziekten en plagen in uw gewas.

50. Ziekten en plagen in prei

Author

Plovie, N., Callens, D., De Bruycker, E., De Reycke, L., De Rooster,, L., Cardoen, I., Delobelle, I., Tirry, L., Van De Steene, F., Höfte, M., Plovie, N., Callens, D., De Bruycker, E., De Reycke, L., De Rooster,, L., Cardoen, I., Delobelle, I., Tirry, L., Van De Steene, F., and Höfte, M.

Abstract

Prei is gevoelig voor heel wat ziekten en plagen. In deze brochure worden de belangrijkste ziekten en plagen in prei beschreven en vindt u informatie over: het tijdstip van voorkomen, de symptomen, de ontwikkelingscyclus, de gunstige omstandigheden voor de ontwikkeling, de waardplanten en hoe de ziekte of plaag kan voorkomen en eventueel bestreden worden. Ook wordt elke ziekte of plaag met één of meerdere kleurenfoto’s geïllustreerd. Deze brochure moet dus een hulp zijn bij het kennen en herkennen van ziekten en plagen in uw gewas.

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