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6. Proactive Caching With Distributed Deep Reinforcement Learning in 6G Cloud-Edge Collaboration Computing

Author

Wu, Changmao, Xu, Zhengwei, He, Xiaoming, Lou, Qi, Xia, Yuanyuan, and Huang, Shuman

Abstract

Proactive caching in 6G cloud-edge collaboration scenarios, intelligently and periodically updating the cached contents, can either alleviate the traffic congestion of backhaul link and edge cooperative link or bring multimedia services to mobile users. To further improve the network performance of 6G cloud-edge, we consider the issue of multi-objective joint optimization, i.e., maximizing edge hit ratio while minimizing content access latency and traffic cost. To solve this complex problem, we focus on the distributed deep reinforcement learning (DRL)-based method for proactive caching, including content prediction and content decision-making. Specifically, since the prior information of user requests is seldom available practically in the current time period, a novel method named temporal convolution sequence network (TCSN) based on the temporal convolution network (TCN) and attention model is used to improve the accuracy of content prediction. Furthermore, according to the value of content prediction, the distributional deep Q network (DDQN) seeks to build a distribution model on returns to optimize the policy of content decision-making. The generative adversarial network (GAN) is adapted in a distributed fashion, emphasizing learning the data distribution and generating compelling data across multiple nodes. In addition, the prioritized experience replay (PER) is helpful to learn from the most effective sample. So we propose a multivariate fusion algorithm called PG-DDQN. Finally, faced with such a complex scenario, a distributed learning architecture, i.e., multi-agent learning architecture is efficiently used to learn DRL-based methods in a manner of centralized training and distributed inference. The experiments prove that our proposal achieves satisfactory performance in terms of edge hit ratio, traffic cost and content access latency.

Published
2024
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16. NEAT1 regulates Th2 cell development by targeting STAT6 for degradation

Author

Huang, Shuman, Dong, Dong, Zhang, Yaqian, Chen, Zhuo, Geng, Jing, and Zhao, Yulin

Subjects
integumentary system, Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases, Ubiquitination, Cell Differentiation, macromolecular substances, respiratory system, Retraction, Repressor Proteins, Th2 Cells, Gene Expression Regulation, parasitic diseases, Humans, Enhancer of Zeste Homolog 2 Protein, RNA, Long Noncoding, STAT6 Transcription Factor, Cells, Cultured, Research Paper
Abstract

The aim of this study was to investigate the role of lncRNA NEAT1 (nuclear enriched abundant transcript 1) in regulating Th2 cell differentiation. The overexpression vectors of NEAT1 and ITCH, and siRNA targeting NEAT1, EZH2 (enhancer of zeste homolog 2) and STAT6 (signal transducer and activator of transcription 6) were transfected into CD4+T cells. The mRNA expressions of ITCH and STAT6 were analyzed by qRT-PCR and western blotting. The levels of Th2 cytokines were detected by ELISA assay. RIP and ChIP assays were performed to analyze the association between NEAT1 and EZH2 as well as EZH2 and STAT6, respectively. Results showed that NEAT1 significantly repressed ITCH expression and increased STAT6 expression as well as the levels of IL-4, IL-5 and IL-13 in CD4+T cells. RIP and ChIP assays revealed that NEAT1 bound to EZH2 and EZH2 was recruited to the promoter region of ITCH in CD4+T cells. Silencing EZH2 significantly promoted STAT6 for ubiquitination. Furthermore, NEAT targeted STAT6 for ubiquitination and elevated levels of Th2 cytokines by regulating EZH2/ITCH axis. In conclusion, our data indicated that NEAT1 promotes Th2 cell differentiation through the EZH2/ITCH/STAT6 axis.

Published
2019

19. Inhibition of Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms by quatsomes in low concentrations

Author

Mahnaz Ramezanpour, Nicky Thomas, Benjamin Thierry, Alkis J. Psaltis, Yulin Zhao, Peter-John Wormald, Shuman Huang, Sarah Vreugde, Dong Dong, Clive A. Prestidge, Dong, Dong, Thomas, Nicky, Ramezanpour, Mahnaz, Psaltis, Alkis J, Huang, Shuman, Zhao, Yulin, Thierry, Benjamin, Wormald, Peter John, Prestidge, Clive A, and Vreugde, Sarah

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Staphylococcus aureus, Chronic rhinosinusitis, Cell Survival, Cetylpyridinium, 02 engineering and technology, macromolecular substances, medicine.disease_cause, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, biofilm, CPC-quatsome, Microbiology, 03 medical and health sciences, medicine, cetylpyridinium chloride, Lung, Volume concentration, Cells, Cultured, Original Research, Microbial Viability, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Chemistry, chronic rhinosinusitis, Biofilm, technology, industry, and agriculture, Epithelial Cells, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Plankton, Anti-Bacterial Agents, 030104 developmental biology, Biofilms, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract

Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa are primary pathogens in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS), and the presence of S. aureus and P. aeruginosa biofilms has been associated with negative outcomes after surgery. This study investigated the inhibition effect of cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC)-quatsomes at low concentrations on both S. aureus and P. aeruginosa biofilms in vitro, as well as their toxicities towards cultured human airway epithelial (NuLi-1) cells. S. aureus ATCC 25923 and P. aeruginosa ATCC 15692 were used to establish biofilms. CPC-quatsome and CPC micelle solutions at concentrations of 0.01%, 0.025%, and 0.05% were prepared. AlamarBlue was used to test the viability of both planktonic S. aureus and P. aeruginosa and their biofilms after treatment for 5 min and 2 h, respectively. Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) was used to investigate the interactions between CPC-quatsomes and S. aureus and P. aeruginosa biofilms. A lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assay was used to determine the toxicity of CPC-quatsomes on NuLi-1 cells. CPC-quatsome and CPC micelle solutions had significant inhibition effects at all tested concentrations on planktonic S. aureus and P. aeruginosa and their biofilms after 5-min exposure ( P < 0.05). In the CLSM study, different interactions between CPC-quatsomes and S. aureus or P. aeruginosa biofilms were observed. After 2-h treatment, the size of S. aureus biofilms decreased, while the number of dead bacteria increased in P. aeruginosa biofilms. Neither CPC-quatsomes nor CPC micelle solutions showed significant toxicity on NuLi-1 cell at all tested CPC concentrations ( P < 0.05). CPC-quatsomes at low concentrations inhibited S. aureus and P. aeruginosa in both planktonic form and biofilms. No adverse effects on NuLi-1 cells were observed, indicating their promising potential in the treatment of CRS. Impact statement Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms are significant contributors to chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS), and are associated with poor prognosis. The killing effect of CPC-quatsomes on S. aureus biofilm at or above the CPC concentration of 0.5% (5 mg/mL) has been reported previously. This is the first study that showed the significant inhibition effect of CPC-quatsomes at low concentrations on both S. aureus and P. aeruginosa biofilms in vitro, and no adverse effects towards cultured human airway epithelial (NuLi-1) cells. In our study, CPC-quatsomes at concentrations of 0.01%, 0.025%, and 0.05% had significant inhibition effects on both planktonic and biofilms of S. aureus and P. aeruginosa. The result of this study indicates the promising potential of CPC-quatsome in the treatment of CRS.

Published
2020

20. The association between cardiovascular health and obstructive sleep apnea symptoms: findings from NHANES.

Author

Guo Q, Dong D, Zhou Q, Huang S, Qiao X, Dang Z, Wang X, and Zhao Y

Abstract

Objective: To investigate the association between cardiovascular health (CVH) and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) within the U.S. population., Methods: This study enrolled 12,540 participants aged 20 years and older from the 2007-2008 and 2015-2018 cycles of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES). Weighted univariate and multivariate logistic regression were utilized to examine the relationship between CVH and OSA symptoms. Life's Essential 8 (LE 8) metrics was employed to evaluate the CVH status of participants. Identification of OSA symptoms was determined based on a sleep questionnaire. They include (1) how often you snore; (2) how often you snort/stop breathing; or (3) how often you feel overly sleepy during day. Individuals who answered that they snore 3 or more per week; snort/stop breathing 3 or more per week and feel overly sleepy during day 16-30 times per month were classified as having OSA symptoms., Results: Significant inverse associations were observed between LE8 scores and symptoms of OSA after adjusting for covariates. The 95% CI was 0.750 (0.630,0.893) for the moderate CVH group and 0.573 (0.454,0.723) for the high CVH group. Subgroup analyses, stratified by age and gender, highlighted a significant interaction between LE8 scores and OSA symptoms with age ( P  < 0.0001). Participants under 60 years old in the high CVH group exhibited a reduced likelihood OSA symptoms (OR: 0.470; 95% CI: 0.345,0.641). Restricted cubic splines (RCS) in a multivariate regression analysis showed a non-linear relationship between LE8 score and OSA. Our finding demonstrates a substantial decrease in OSA symptom prevalence with increased LE 8 scores., Conclusion: The results demonstrate a strong inverse correlation between LE8 scores and OSA symptoms. Participants with higher LE8 scores showed a reduced likelihood of experiencing OSA symptoms., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (© 2024 Guo, Dong, Zhou, Huang, Qiao, Dang, Wang and Zhao.)

Published
2024
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