Search

Dengue cases rose to record levels during 2023-2024. We investigated dengue in Valle del Cauca, Colombia, to determine if specific virus serotypes or lineages caused its large outbreak. We detected all 4 serotypes and multiple lineages, suggesting that factors such as climatic conditions were likely responsible for increased dengue in Colombia.

Malnutrition is a global problem that affects all countries in one or more of its forms, representing one of the greatest challenges worldwide. One of the key contributing factors is food insecurity, which must be evaluated in children with moderate and severe acute malnutrition, as they are at imminent risk of death., Objective: Our objective was to assess food insecurity among children under 5 years old with moderate, and severe malnutrition from Valle del Cauca, a state located in the southwestern region of Colombia., Methods: A descriptive observational study was conducted, including children whose weight-for-height (W/H) indicator was below 2 SD, as recorded on the World Health Organization (WHO) growth charts, or who exhibited severe malnutrition phenotypes such as marasmus or Kwashiorkor. Family and child food security were evaluated using the Latin American and Caribbean Food Security Scale (ELCSA)., Results: 58.6% of households with acutely malnourished children experienced food insecurity. A statistically significant relationship was found between food insecurity and children of Afro-Colombian and Indigenous descent. According to caregivers' perceptions, 30.2% of child malnutrition cases were related to poor feeding and caregiving practices., Conclusions: Not all children with acute malnutrition suffer from food insecurity. Therefore, the findings of this research suggest that governmental efforts should focus not only on ensuring food availability, but also on educating caregivers about the importance of a balanced and nutritious diet tailored to the specific characteristics of each region and promoting appropriate caregiving practices.

Background: Adverse events after vaccination against COVID-19 include rare events, such as Guillain-Barré syndrome. Study Aims . Documentation of clinical and temporary characteristics of the Guillain-Barré syndrome after using anti-COVID-19 ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine. Case Presentation . An adult, 29-year-old male, without relevant medical history, who developed neuromuscular symptoms nine days after administration of the first dose of anti-COVID-19 ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine., Results: Symptoms appeared nine days after vaccination, with lower limbs paresthesia. Three days later, paresthesia of upper limbs occurred. The following day, distal weakness of limbs, with standing and gripping difficulties, occurred. The clinical evaluation demonstrated dysarthria, incomplete palpebral closure, bilateral facial, and tongue paresis. The electromyography was compatible with a motor demyelinating polyneuropathy, confirming the diagnosis of the Guillain-Barré syndrome. Management with five sessions of plasma exchange was prescribed, with favorable clinical results., Conclusions: Clinical and laboratory tests confirmed the Guillain-Barré syndrome and the time elapsed from the date of the vaccine administration to the appearance of initial symptoms, added to the absence of other causes, and allowed to establish that the disease was caused by the vaccination., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest., (Copyright © 2023 Isabel Cristina Hurtado et al.)

Background: The 2015 - 2016 Zika epidemic highlighted gaps in health and social care services for parents of children with developmental disabilities. In response, we developed the 'Juntos' intervention, a 10 week community-based early intervention support group for parents of children with congenital Zika syndrome (CZS). The intervention's components include participatory learning sessions, practical skill acquisition, peer support, and psychological support, aiming to improve caregiver's knowledge and confidence in caring for their children. This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of implementing 'Juntos' in Colombia. Methods: Two facilitators delivered 'Juntos' to four groups of 8-10 caregivers between 2017 and 2018. One researcher observed each group. Data were collected from: observation notes from 40 sessions, focus group discussions held after each session, pre- post intervention questionnaires with 34 caregivers, and semi-structured interviews conducted with four facilitators, 12 caregivers and three stakeholders. We used the Bowen framework in data analysis. Results:  The feasibility evaluation revealed that 'Juntos' was highly acceptable and in demand among the target population. The intervention was predominantly delivered with fidelity. Practicality was facilitated by providing transport costs and selecting convenient locations. Additional organisational and social media support was required for successful implementation. Community health worker training may support integration and the established groups could facilitate programme expansion. However, participants perceived lack of prioritisation as a limitation within existing health systems. Participants' knowledge and confidence to care for their child improved after programme enrolment. Conclusion:  The 'Juntos' intervention demonstrated high acceptability, demand, and practicality in supporting parents of children with CZS in Colombia. However, its implementation faces challenges due to existing gaps in health system support for children with CZS., Competing Interests: No competing interests were disclosed., (Copyright: © 2023 Smythe T et al.)

Objective: To assess changes in antibiotic resistance of eight of the World Health Organization priority bug-drug combinations and consumption of six antibiotics (ceftriaxone, cefepime, piperacillin/tazobactam, meropenem, ciprofloxacin, vancomycin) before (March 2018 to July 2019) and during (March 2020 to July 2021) the COVID-19 pandemic in 31 hospitals in Valle del Cauca, Colombia., Methods: This was a before/after study using routinely collected data. For antibiotic consumption, daily defined doses (DDD) per 100 bed-days were compared., Results: There were 23 405 priority bacterial isolates with data on antibiotic resistance. The total number of isolates increased from 9 774 to 13 631 in the periods before and during the pandemic, respectively. While resistance significantly decreased for four selected bug-drug combinations ( Klebsiella pneumoniae , extended spectrum beta lactamase [ESBL]-producing, 32% to 24%; K. pneumoniae , carbapenem-resistant, 4% to 2%; Pseudomonas aeruginosa , carbapenem-resistant, 12% to 8%; Acinetobacter baumannii , carbapenem-resistant, 23% to 9%), the level of resistance for Enterococcus faecium to vancomycin significantly increased (42% to 57%). There was no change in resistance for the remaining three combinations ( Staphylococcus aureus , methicillin-resistant; Escherichia coli , ESBL-producing; E. coli , carbapenem-resistant). Consumption of all antibiotics increased. However, meropenem consumption decreased in intensive care unit settings (8.2 to 7.1 DDD per 100 bed-days)., Conclusions: While the consumption of antibiotics increased, a decrease in antibiotic resistance of four bug-drug combinations was observed during the pandemic. This was possibly due to an increase in community-acquired infections. Increasing resistance of E. faecium to vancomycin must be monitored. The findings of this study are essential to inform stewardship programs in hospital settings of Colombia and similar contexts elsewhere.

Introduction: In coronavirus cases, reinfection has been associated with short-term immunity and genetic changes in viruses which allow them to escape from immune response, viral genotyping is required to make the precise diagnosis of reinfection, but the suspicion occurs in patients with more than 90 days between the tests and total improvement between them. We made a descriptive retrospective study with the cases of reinfection in Valle del Cauca, Colombia. Results: We found up to June 30, 3249 cases with suspected reinfection, 1.1% of all cases. During the first infection episode, 68% of the patients had symptoms, while at the moment of reinfection, the percentage was 73.4%. 55% of the analyzed cases had symptoms in both infection episodes, hospitalization of reinfection cases was 2% during the first episode and 2.2% in the second one. Conclusion: the reinfection percentage was low, as well as the hospitalization and ICU cases. These results allow to define that in terms of the provision of healthcare services, reinfection defined in this study, does not generate any differences in care required vs the first episode.

Late gestational exposure to Zika increases the odds of delay in the Bayley-II mental developmental index (MDI) in children with normal baseline neurologic assessments; 9-fold when comparing third and first trimester exposure. Risk of MDI developmental delay increases by 8% for each week of gestational age at time of exposure., (© The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.)

Background: Lymphadenopathy is a common cause for medical consultation in the child population, accounting for up to 44% in children under 5 years old. In some cases, it is required to take lymph node biopsy specimens in order to clarify the diagnosis., Objective: To describe the clinical and histological features of paediatric patients with lymphadenopathy and lymph node biopsies., Patients and Method: Descriptive and retrospective study conducted in Medellin (Colombia) in a fourth-level hospital between January 1st of 2009 and December 31st of 2012. In the study, lymph node biopsy specimens were taken from children under 15 years old. Demographic, clinical and laboratory features, and characteristics of the patients were evaluated, as well as the histopathological diagnosis of the lymph node biopsies., Results: From the child population, 61 children met the eligibility criteria and 33 (54.1%) of them were male with an average age of 6 years old. The most common pathological diagnoses in the study group were as follows: reactive hyperplasia (50.8%), neoplasms (27.9%), chronic granulomatous disease (4.9%), and bacterial infection (3.3%). It could be concluded from the findings in the study that Hodgkin lymphoma is very common among the neoplastic diseases, with 18%, and the most frequent location was the neck with 60.6%., Conclusions: This study demonstrates the importance of performing a differential diagnosis when approaching patients with lymphadenopathy. As reported in the world medical literature, benign origin is the most common cause of lymphadenopathy in children., (Copyright © 2015 Sociedad Chilena de Pediatría. Publicado por Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.)

Human metapneumovirus is a newly discovered pathogen associated with respiratory disease and occurring mainly in children. It produces an acute viral respiratory disease picture that varies from mild disease to severe, and which can require strict surveillance in intensive care units. Currently, reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and cell culture are the most common methods for its diagnosis. The first six cases of human metapneumovirus in Colombia are presented from Medellín.