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Copyright of Journal of Engineering (17264073) is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Supply chain management (SCM) is the active management of supply chain activities to optimize customer value and establish a sustainable competitive advantage. It demonstrates that supply chain management firms are actively working to establish and run source chains as profitably and well as they can. The activities that comprise the supply chain include the development of products, procurement, manufacturing, shipping, and the data systems wanted to oversee these processes. This review presents information. SCM was introduced in the opening paragraph of this page, which was followed by information about the participants and the procedures used by different businesses. It employs sustainable supply chain management (SSCM), which offers five-dimensional sustainable approaches, and presents GSCM in this study. The needs in the industrial industry's supply chain are continuously presented. Accordingly, the waste material management process is presented for different manufacturing industries, however, it consists of waste management methods like disposal method, landfill, and incineration. Additionally, this study presents detailed information about reverse Supply Chain Management (RSCM), their concept and process are explained in this review. The review describes the state of the art in survey technology, the methodology of implementation, the definition and motivation of the research topic, current trends and advancements, and the goal of the study. Reviewers came to the conclusion that RSCM controls the waste product well as a result. Utilizing the components and materials of returned goods to cut down on raw material usage and expenses is the focus of supply management in reverse logistics (RL). In future, reverse logistic SCM is introduced in the automobile industry to efficiently manage automobile waste. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Lipid-degrading bacteria found in processing ponds of palm oil mill effluent are recognized for the capacity to break down lipid using lipase enzyme. Identifying novel strains of these bacteria with high bioremediation potential contributes valuable insights to the sustainable management of palm oil mill effluent. Therefore, this study aimed to identify potential bacteria, assess the in vitro lipid-degrading capabilities, characterize the traits, and evaluate lipid degradation activity of potential isolates from palm oil industry wastewater. METHODS: The method used for exploring the potential of lipid-degrading bacteria in palm oil mill effluent entailed a survey comprising various stages including detection of bacteria presence, in vitro assessment of potential indices, characterization, lipid degradation testing, and determination of lipase activity. FINDINGS: The results showed that several bacteria groups were present in palm oil mill effluent, including 50-74 percent lipolytic, 31-90 percent fermentative, 76-83 percent proteolytic, and 51-74 percent cellulolytic. Selected lipid-degrading isolates demonstrated significant in vitro potential, as evidenced by high lipolytic and fermentative indices. Isolate Enzymatic 3 had the highest lipolytic index, degradation value (48.72 percent), and lipase activity (0.12 units/milliliter), identified as Bacillus cereus central carbon metabolism 2010. Similarly, isolate Fermentative 2 was found to have the highest fermentative index, degradation value (22.35 percent), and lipase activity (0.01 units/milliliter), identified as Bacillus thuringiensis American type culture collection 10792. CONCLUSION: Based on the results, isolates Enzymatic 3 and Fermentative 2 showed promising potential as biological agents for bioremediation of palm oil mill effluent. The results underscored the promising potential of specific bacteria isolates in mitigating lipidrich effluents, advocating for the integration into sustainable wastewater management practices in palm oil industry. This study provided valuable insights for future investigations aimed at unraveling the intricate mechanisms governing lipid degradation and fostering environmentally friendly solutions for industrial waste management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper addresses the problem of optimal planning for collection, sorting, and recycling operations. The problem arises in industrial waste management, where distinct actors manage the collection and the sorting operations. In a weekly or monthly plan horizon, they usually interact to find a suitable schedule for servicing customers but with a not well-defined scheme. We proposal an improved negotiation-based approach using an auction mechanism for optimizing these operations. Two interdependent models are presented: one for waste collection by a logistics operator and the other for sorting operations at a recycling plant. These models are formulated as mixed-integer linear programs where costs associated with sorting and collection are to be minimized, respectively. We describe the negotiation-based approach involving an auction where the logistics operator bids for collection time slots, and the recycling plant selects the optimal bid based on the integration of sorting and collection costs. This approach aims to achieve an optimization of the entire waste management process. Computational experiments are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Today, with the increase in population, technological developments, industrialization and urbanization, problems related to waste management (WM) have become increasingly important to a sustainable and global clean environment. The gradual deterioration of the quality of environmental elements and the increase in environmental problems have caused societies to focus more on environmental problems. Waste management is a form of management that includes the prevention, non-prevention, reuse, recovery, and disposal of domestic, medical, hazardous, and non-hazardous wastes. This study aims to prioritize critical success factors (CSFs), via the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP), in industrial waste management and to determine the most important critical success factor. The four main criteria and 23 sub-criteria were scored by the AHP method according to the opinions of five environmental engineers. After determining critical success factors, survey questions were prepared to make employees rank these factors. While the "national/local waste management strategies and policies" factor was the most important critical success factor according to environmental engineers, the most important critical success factor for employees was "enterprise waste management strategies and policies". In addition, differences in the priorities of CSFs were found in the opinions of employees in different sectors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Present study assessed the growth of two plant species and ion uptake by them grown on different proportion of industrial solid waste and garden soil. The industrial waste having high concentration of chemicals were used with garden soil at different proportion i.e. 0% (T0), 5% (T1), 10% (T2), 15% (T3) and 20% (T4). Two species namely Conocarpus erectus (alien plant) and Dodonaea viscosa (indigenous) were used as test plants in pot study. Different parameters including growth, physiology, and anatomy of plants and concentration of cations (Na+, K+, Ca2+, and Mg2+) in the plant shoot and root were measured at different time duration (initial, 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th month). The key objective of the study was to use these plants to establish their plantations on the barren lands where industrial solid wastes were being disposed of. C. erectus showed better growth than D. viscosa, as well as more uptake of ions. A significant increase in plant growth was observed in fourth month in T1, where plant height reached 24.5% and 46% for C. erectus and D. viscosa, respectively. At harvest, in C. erectus, no significant difference in the fresh (65–78 g) and dry weight (24–30 g) of the shoot was observed across treatments compared to the control. In D. viscosa, at the time of harvest, the fresh and dry weights of the root and shoot showed a strong, significantly decreasing pattern across T1, T2, and T3, leading to the death of the plant at T3 and T4. Further, optimum ratio of waste soil to garden soil was found as 10:90 and 20:80 to establish the plantations of D. viscosa and C. erectus, respectively in areas where such solid waste from industries are disposed. Findings can be used for the restoration of such solid waste for the sustainable management of industrial areas and their associated ecosystems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study focuses on harnessing recycled materials to create sustainable and efficient composites, addressing both environmental issues related to waste management and industrial requirements for materials with improved vibration damping properties. The research involves the analysis of the physico-mechanical properties of the obtained composites and the evaluation of their performance in practical applications. Composite materials were tested in terms of their tensile strength and vibration damping capabilities, considering stress–strain diagrams, vibration amplitudes, frequency response functions (FRFs) and vibration modes. The research results have shown that by adding PVC and FA to the rubber-based matrix composition, the stiffness decreases and elasticity increases. The use of FA in the structure of composite materials causes an increase in the vibration damping possibilities due to the fact that it contributes to the chemical properties of the analyzed composite materials. Additionally, the use of PVC results in increased material elasticity, as evidenced by the higher damping factor compared to materials containing only rubber. Simultaneously, the addition of FA and PVC in specific proportions (60 phr) can lead to a decrease in stiffness and a greater increase in the damping factor. The incorporation of PVC and fly ash (FA) particles into rubber-based matrix composites reduces their stiffness and increases their elasticity. These effects are due to the fact that FA particles behave as extensions of chemical bonds during traction, which contributes to the increase in yield elongation. In addition, the use of flexible PVC increases the elasticity of the material, which is evidenced by the increase in the damping factor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research explored the potential of marble wastewater (MWW) in cement paste and mortar production, addressing water scarcity, sustainable growth, and resource management. It investigated the physico-mechanical properties and microstructure of cement materials incorporated with varying amounts of MWW. In this study, we utilized tap water and MWW for mortar quality testing, focusing on parameters including setting times, water absorption, and mechanical strength. The viability of MWW in concrete formulations was confirmed by its acceptable total dissolved solids and alkalinity levels. A comprehensive experimental program determined that using marble wastewater in place of tap water reduced the quantity of water required for cement consistency and generated slightly higher compressive strengths (2, 3, 4, and 6%) after 28 days of curing. Analytical techniques, including Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray analysis, and X-ray diffraction (XRD), were employed for molecular and microstructural analyses, which revealed that MWW had a significant influence on portlandite development and CSH formation at higher replacement levels. In short, this research highlights the feasibility of using MWW in cement products, contributing to sustainable water resources, and industrial waste management and utilization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the context of sustainability, the integration of renewable energy into industrial processes not only minimizes dependence on fossil fuels but also contributes to the efficient management of industrial waste. By transforming organic waste, including agri-food and urban waste, into biogas, green energy can be generated, thus reducing the impact on the environment and closing the loop of material used in the economic circuit. Thus, a sustainable system can be promoted, where resources are continuously reused and exploited. Statistical methods and a decision tree with the Classification and Regression Trees (CRT) algorithm were employed to analyze data. The paper focuses on the importance of industrial waste and biogas for the generation, transformation, and consumption of energy in the EU (European Union)-27 countries. To provide a thorough analysis, we have divided these countries based on real gross domestic product (GDP) per capita, grouping them above/below the annual average for the period 2012–2021/2022. Descriptive statistics revealed observable differences between the two groups, but the paper aimed to provide evidence regarding the existence of these differences as statistically significant. Using the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test, the non-normal distribution of the data was confirmed, requiring non-parametric inferential methods. The Mann–Whitney U test revealed statistically significant differences between the two groups for all the studied variables. This comprehensive approach highlights the distinct energy-related characteristics influenced by economic development in the EU-27. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The South Korean government has implemented an acceptance system to promote the high-quality recycling of waste. Industrial waste generators must provide "hazardous characteristics data" to recycling operators. Nonetheless, ~80% of industrial safety accidents in South Korea occur during recycling, most involving fire or explosions. Moreover, a gap in safety management exists during 'Circular Resource' acceptance if the target substance is not regarded as waste. In this study collected data on hazardous waste characteristics. From 62 waste generators, 72 waste samples were collected, accounting for most of the resources accepted for recycling, including waste synthetic polymers, slag, dust, waste sand, and waste foundry sand. Then, the hazardous characteristics, as stated in the Ministry of Environment notifications, were assessed. Leaching toxicity was detected in one slag sample and six dust samples. The Cd, Cu, As, Pb, Zn, Ni, Hg, F, and CN levels dissatisfied the Soil Contamination Warning Standard in 31 samples. Explosivity was not detected in any sample, whereas flammability was detected in one waste synthetic polymer sample. The results revealed 15 cases of potential flammability. Flammability is legally defined as below the criteria if the combustion speed criterion is not met. However, in the case of flame ignition, which could cause large fires and safety accidents, the relevant notification should be revised. In this study, we aimed to improve the gap between the hazardous waste management systems and industrial fields through actual measurements of hazardous characteristics. By doing so, we seek to contribute to the prevention of environmental and safety accidents. By continuously accumulating data and utilizing actual measurements, we aim to revise and enhance relevant regulations, ultimately improving the hazardous characteristics of waste management systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polyurethane (PU) is a type of polymer, which exists in various forms in the environment. Very few studies are available concerning the structure or enzymatic mechanism of the microbial community, which can degrade PU. Degradation of PU remains a difficult problem with respect to the environmental and biological disciplines. This study mainly focused on identifying the micro-organisms able to degrade polyurethane and confirming the degradation by performing a plate assay, Sturm test and scanning electron microscopy. Optimal culture conditions for maximum PU degradation were also analyzed through classical methods. A soil burial test was conducted by placing polyurethane films in the soil for one month, and the microbe growing on the surface of polyurethane films—with a maximum degradation of 55%—was isolated and identified as Aspergillus versicolor (ARF5). The culture medium was also optimized with different physical and chemical parameters for maximum PU degradation. The presence of CO2 as a by-product of PU biodegradation was confirmed through the Sturm test. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The construction industry strives for sustainable solutions to tackle environmental challenges and optimize resource use. One such focus area is the management of industrial byproducts and waste materials, including fugitive dust control through wheel washers. While wheel washers play a pivotal role in dust management, they generate a challenging byproduct known as wheel washer sludge (WWS). The disposal of WWS is complicated due to its composition and potential hazards. Recent research explores reusing WWS in construction materials, particularly in repair mortar, aiming for sustainability and circular economy principles. This study investigates the incorporation of WWS into repair mortar formulations, evaluating mechanical properties, durability, and environmental implications. Results show that WWS enhances workability but prolongs setting time. Mechanical strength tests reveal improvements with WWS addition, especially when pretreated. Water absorption rates decrease with pretreated WWS, indicating enhanced durability. Chemical attack tests demonstrate resistance to carbonation and chloride penetration, especially with modified WWS. Freeze–thaw tests reveal improved resistance with WWS addition, particularly modified. Microstructure analysis confirms hydration products and denser matrices with WWS inclusion. Environmental hazard analysis shows WWS contains no harmful heavy metals, indicating its suitability for use in repairs. Overall, this study highlights the technical feasibility and environmental benefits of incorporating WWS into repair mortar, contributing to sustainable construction practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tanning, crucial for leather production, relies heavily on chromium yet poses risks due to chromium's oxidative conversion, leading to significant wastewater and solid waste generation. Physico-chemical methods are typically used for heavy metal removal, but they have drawbacks, prompting interest in eco-friendly biological remediation techniques like biosorption, bioaccumulation, and biotransformation. The EU Directive (2018/850) mandates alternatives to landfilling or incineration for industrial textile waste management, highlighting the importance of environmentally conscious practices for leather products' end-of-life management, with composting being the most researched and viable option. This study aimed to isolate microorganisms from tannery wastewater and identify those responsible for different types of tanned leather biodegradation. Bacterial shifts during leather biodegradation were observed using a leather biodegradation assay (ISO 20136) with tannery and municipal wastewater as the inoculum. Over 10,000 bacterial species were identified in all analysed samples, with 7 bacterial strains isolated from tannery wastewaters. Identification of bacterial genera like Acinetobacter, Brevundimonas, and Mycolicibacterium provides insights into potential microbial candidates for enhancing leather biodegradability, wastewater treatment, and heavy metal bioremediation in industrial applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Feathers are by-products that are generated in significant quantities by the poultry industry. Microbial bioconversion has been investigated as a promising strategy for the processing of feathers, since, along with the degradation of these keratinous materials, bioprocessing can result in value-added products. Thus, from the perspective of industrial microbiology, chicken feathers can be considered a raw material for obtaining microbial proteases. Within this context, this research investigated and characterized the production of extracellular proteases by Aspergillus sp., isolated from soil of the Amazon Rainforest. The enzymatic production was evaluated using several growth substrates (whole feathers, feather meal, human hair, casein, gelatin, peptone and chicken beaks). With highest enzyme production was obtained the feather meal (FM) and peptone. After 48 h of fermentation, FM degradation was 15.82%. The crude protease showed optimal activity at pH 5.0 and 37 °C and enzymatic activity was enhanced with the addition of 1 and 5 mM of CaCl2, MnSO4, KCl, MgSO4 and CuSO4 . The detergents Tween 20 and Triton x-100, at concentrations 0.5 and 1% (v/v), tended to stimulate activity. The presence of 0.5 and 1% (v/v) of organic solvents (methanol, acetone, butanol, acetonitrile, isopropanol and DMSO), maintained the enzymatic activity. β–mercaptoethanol stimulated proteolytic activity in the enzymatic assays. This study suggested new direction for waste management with industrial applications giving rise to green technology for sustainable development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] Industrial solid waste management and recycling are important to environmental sustainability. In this study, cobalt (Co) nanoparticles encapsulated in paint sludge-derived activated carbon (AC) were fabricated. The Co-AC possessed high conductivity, magnetic properties and abundant metal oxide impurities (TiAlSiO x), which was applied as multifunctional catalyst for peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activation. Compared to pure AC, the Co-AC exhibited significant enhanced performance for degradation of tetracycline hydrochloride (TCH) via PMS activation. Mechanism studies by in situ Raman spectroscopy, Fourier infrared spectroscopy, electrochemical analysis and electron paramagnetic resonance suggested that surface-bonded PMS (PMS*) and singlet oxygen (1O 2) are the dominant reactive species for TCH oxidation. The non-radical species can efficiently oxidize electron-rich pollutants with high efficiency, which minimized the consumption of PMS and the catalyst. The removal percentages of TCH reached 97 % within 5 min and ∼ 99 % within 15 min in the Co-AC/PMS system. The Co active sites facilitated PMS adsorption to form the PMS* and the TiAlSiO x impurities provided abundant oxygen vacancy for generation of the 1O 2. In addition, the Co-AC/PMS system achieved high efficiency and stability for oxidation of the target pollutants over a long-term continuous operation. This work not only offers a cost-effective approach for recycling industrial waste but also provides new insights into the application of waste-derived catalyst for environmental remediation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Environmental & Social Management Journal / Revista de Gestão Social e Ambiental is the property of Environmental & Social Management Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are biodegradable polyesters produced by a wide range of microorganisms, including extremophiles. These unique microorganisms have gained interest in PHA production due to their ability to utilise low‐cost carbon sources under extreme conditions. In this study, Halomonas alkaliantarctica was examined with regards to its potential to produce PHAs using crude glycerol from biodiesel industry as the only carbon source. We found that cell dry mass concentration was not dependent on the applying substrate concentration. Furthermore, our data confirmed that the analysed halophile was capable of metabolising crude glycerol into poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate‐co‐3‐hydroxyvalerate) copolymer within 24 h of the cultivation without addition of any precursors. Moreover, crude glycerol concentration affects the repeat units content in the purified PHAs copolymers and their thermal properties. Nevertheless, a differential scanning calorimetric and thermogravimetric analysis showed that the analysed biopolyesters have properties suitable for various applications. Overall, this study described a promising approach for the valorisation of crude glycerol as a future strategy of industrial waste management to produce high value microbial biopolymers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This document is an editorial for a special issue of the journal "Processes" focused on wastewater and waste treatment. The editorial highlights the urgent need for innovative and sustainable solutions in waste and wastewater management due to escalating pollution levels, climate change, and diminishing natural resources. The special issue includes a diverse array of research papers covering various topics, such as urban waste, industrial and agro-industrial wastes, physicochemical and biological treatment methods, and advanced oxidation processes. The editorial also mentions specific research papers that present innovative treatment technologies, optimization of existing processes, and the recovery of valuable materials and energy from waste streams. The document concludes by emphasizing the challenges faced by the field and the importance of interdisciplinary collaborations to develop holistic and adaptable solutions for a cleaner and more sustainable future. [Extracted from the article]

This research explored the potential of marble wastewater (MWW) in cement paste and mortar production, addressing water scarcity, sustainable growth, and resource management. It investigated the physico-mechanical properties and microstructure of cement materials incorporated with varying amounts of MWW. In this study, we utilized tap water and MWW for mortar quality testing, focusing on parameters including setting times, water absorption, and mechanical strength. The viability of MWW in concrete formulations was confirmed by its acceptable total dissolved solids and alkalinity levels. A comprehensive experimental program determined that using marble wastewater in place of tap water reduced the quantity of water required for cement consistency and generated slightly higher compressive strengths (2, 3, 4, and 6%) after 28 days of curing. Analytical techniques, including Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray analysis, and X-ray diffraction (XRD), were employed for molecular and microstructural analyses, which revealed that MWW had a significant influence on portlandite development and CSH formation at higher replacement levels. In short, this research highlights the feasibility of using MWW in cement products, contributing to sustainable water resources, and industrial waste management and utilization.

Currently, the global demand for polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) is significantly increasing. PHAs are produced by several bacteria that are an alternative source of synthetic polymers derived from petrochemical refineries. This study established a simple and more feasible process of PHA production by Halomonas alkaliantarctica using dairy waste as the only carbon source. The data confirmed that the analyzed halophile could metabolize cheese whey (CW) and cheese whey mother liquor (CWML) into biopolyesters. The highest yield of PHAs was 0.42 g/L in the cultivation supplemented with CWML. Furthermore, it was proved that PHA structure depended on the type of by-product from cheese manufacturing, its concentration, and the culture time. The results revealed that H. alkaliantarctica could produce P(3HB-co-3HV) copolymer in the cultivations with CW at 48 h and 72 h without adding of any precursors. Based on the data obtained from physicochemical and thermal analyses, the extracted copolymer was reported to have properties suitable for various applications. Overall, this study described a promising approach for valorizing of dairy waste as a future strategy of industrial waste management to produce high value microbial biopolymers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Coal waste contains few macro-and micronutrients, which makes it less likely to become a growth site for microorganisms. One way to screen coal waste resources is to identify the diversity of microbes in them to study the relationship between these microbial communities in contributing to improving environmental pollution using metagenomics to determine microbial diversity. The purpose of this research is to study the diversity of microorganisms in areas contaminated with heavy metals using a metagenomic method. This study was performed using next-generation sequencing techniques, including DNA extraction, 16S rRNA amplification, and gene sequencing analysis. The results of this research found that the 10 most commonly found species were Baekduia soli, Nocardioides iriomotensis, Nocardioides mesophilus, Nocardioides pakistanensis, Propionibacterium cyclohexanicum, Solirubrobacter ginsenosidimutans, Gemmatirosa kalamazoonensis, Roseisolibacter agri, Kosakonia sacchari, and Dickeya fangzhongdai. Based on this research, it can be concluded that most of the microbial communities from coal waste are dominated by the phylum Actinobaceria. The results of this study can be used as an adaptive microbial germplasm for industrial waste management strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A comparative analysis was conducted on raw and treated wastewater and the concentrations of heavy metals in sewage sludge from a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP). The research aimed to demonstrate improved efficiency in reducing heavy metal levels as a part of municipal and industrial waste management, with a specific emphasis on minimising the overall environmental impact. In this study, we presented the results of a repeated measures analysis of variance and assessed compliance with heavy metal content standards in sewage sludge from municipal treatment using a one-sample t-test against a reference norm. The analysis included measurements conducted between 2004 and 2015. We conducted an analysis of heavy metals, including zinc (Zn), lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), chromium (Cr), and nickel (Ni), manganese (Mn) and mercury (Hg). High Zn concentration that we observed in pre-treatment wastewater raised important questions. Leakages in sewage networks can result in contaminants infiltrating the wastewater, thereby increasing pollutant concentrations. Elevated concentrations can stem from industrial activities, where Zn and pollutants are discharged into wastewater as byproducts of industrial operations. The study illustrated the attainment of the highest sanitary standards, ensuring that treatment processes effectively eliminate harmful toxic substances, ultimately guaranteeing that the final product is safe for further reclamation processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Manufacturing waste in that industry is dominant and attracts the attention of the town waste management system. The present study aims to identify the best alternative for managing environmental problems and waste in Ahvaz industrial towns. The criteria and indicators of transforming industrial towns into EIPs are collected and analyzed from different aspects and, then, prioritized using fuzzy and TOPSIS fuzzy techniques. Accordingly, four main criteria (environmental, economic, social/legal, and specialized/technical) are considered, for each of which some sub-criteria are considered. According to the criteria and sub-criteria as well as library and field studies, six alternatives are considered. Results of the questionnaire distributed among experts and employees in Ahvaz industrial towns are collected. The items in each criterion are scored 1-10. Calculations performed in fuzzy and real environments reveal compiling executive guidelines and standards (0.591) is the most appropriate alternative, followed by tertiary education and infrastructural culture building (0.557), modifying and updating laws and regulations (0.535), developing industrial research, development and training units (0.462), providing financial support for knowledge-based activities of industries (0.419) and developing industry monitoring and evaluation units (0.371) as the first to sixth priorities. The results indicated executive guidelines and standards should be compiled to manage environmental problems in industrial towns and transform towns into echo-industrial parks. It is hoped that decision-makers in this field will take an important step to transform industrial towns into echo-industrial parks, minimize environmental problems and manage waste by developing executive guidelines and updated and advanced standards. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Remediation and preparation for development is a crucial aspect of the valorization of post-mining areas. This study is focused on technologies devoted to the cement stabilization of post-industrial waste and petroleum contaminated soils. Two case studies are presented. Case 1 is based on the stabilization works of waste from a closed chemical plant in order to turn it into an engineered landfill. The results form the basis for numerical studies of slope stability. The shorter case 2 is based on the laboratory testing of a soil–cement composite with regard to petroleum contamination and the application of active carbon to neutralize it in the course of deep soil mixing. Both cases, due to the use of slag cement, are not considered to be sustainable (due to a relatively high carbon footprint), but they represent current geotechnical practice and form a reference for a wide range of applications. Both cases show the positive impact of stabilization by means of the addition of a hydraulic binder. The effect of soil improvement is measurable in terms of the stability factor of landfill slopes. The effect of active charcoal addition seems to be a valuable improvement to standard deep soil mixing technology in the case of contaminated soil. The presented results, despite their local importance related to the cases under scrutiny, have an important educational and scientific value for the energy sector, where contaminated sites need to be valorized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The synthesis and utilization of zeolites derived from fly ash (FA) gained significant attention years ago due to their potential to address environmental challenges and promote sustainable practices subscribing to the circular economy concept. This paper highlights the recent findings regarding the synthesis and utilization of zeolites derived from FA. It begins with a discussion about the recent challenges regarding industrial waste management and statistics regarding its availability on the global market with a special insight into the situation in Poland. The characteristics of FA obtained from various fuels were presented and the main differences were highlighted. Then, different methods used for the synthesis of zeolites from FA were discussed in small and pilot scales taking into consideration the main challenges and problems. The analytical methods used in porous materials synthesis verification and properties determination were described. The sorption properties of FA-derived zeolites were presented and discussed. Finally, the paper emphasizes the potential applications of fly ash-derived zeolites in different fields. Their importance as sustainable alternatives to conventional materials in industry, construction, agriculture, power, medicine, and other industrial sectors was analyzed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Acetoin is an important bio-product useful in the chemical, food and pharmaceutical industries. Microbial fermentation is the major process for the production of bioacetoin, as the petroleum resources used in chemical methods are depleting day by day. Bioacetoin production using wild microorganisms is an easy, eco-friendly and economical method for the production of bioacetoin. In the present study, culture conditions and nutritional requirements were optimized for bioacetoin production by a wild and non-pathogenic strain of B. subtilis subsp. subtilis JJBS250. The bacterial culture produced maximum bioacetoin (259 mg L−1) using peptone (3%) and sucrose (2%) at 30 °C, 150 rpm and pH 7.0 after 24 h. Further supplementation of combinatorial nitrogen sources, i.e., peptone (1%) and urea (0.5%), resulted in enhanced titre of bioacetoin (1017 mg L−1) by the bacterial culture. An approximately 46.22–fold improvement in bioacetoin production was achieved after the optimization process. The analysis of samples using thin layer chromatography confirmed the presence of bioacetoin in the culture filtrate. The enzymatic hydrolysate was obtained by saccharification of pretreated rice straw and sugarcane bagasse using cellulase from Myceliophthora thermophila. Fermentation of the enzymatic hydrolysate (3%) of pretreated rice straw and sugarcane bagasse by the bacterial culture resulted in 210 and 473.17 mgL−1 bioacetoin, respectively. Enzymatic hydrolysates supplemented with peptone as a nitrogen source showed a two to four-fold improvement in the production of bioacetoin. Results have demonstrated the utility of wild type B. subtilis subsp. subtilis JJBS250 as a potential source for economical bioacetoin production by making use of renewable and cost-effective lignocellulosic substrate. Therefore, this study will help in the sustainable management of agricultural waste for the industrial production of bioacetoin, and in combating environmental pollution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the steel industry, a significant amount of waste is frequently generated, the vast majority having a high content of iron and other useful elements; for this reason, it is necessary and recommended that small and powdery industrial waste containing iron be recovered and not stored, within the same manufacturing flows where it was generated following the principles of the circular economy or, where it is not possible (due to limiting factors related to chemical composition, granulation, technological limitations, etc.), recycling is carried out in other industries (e.g. nonferrous, building materials, etc.). Their capitalization and return in the form of by-products in the steel industry or other industrial sectors produces economic and ecological effects. The work presents the possibilities of managing and characterizing some industrial waste with iron content, historically stored, and results on manufacturing flows. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Considering that wastes are harmfull for the environment and human health due to certain physical, chemical and biological reasons; the necessity of systematic implementation of waste management comes to the fore. Waste management provides advantages to for industrial manufacturing with less pollut on, cheaper and competitively superior products. With the waste recycling, the needs for raw materials and the impact of production on the environment will decrease. This study proposed to produce low-cost sintered glass-ceramic composite by adding a mixture of molten mining tailings, recycled glasses and alumina platelets at different rates. The results showed that glass-ceramic composite made by 50 wt % molten tailings, 25 wt % recycled borosilicate glass and 25 wt % alumina platelets exhibited the best properties (2.39 g/cm3 bulk density, 0.22 ± 0.01% water absorption and 84± 9 MPa bending strength). In this study, considering the consumptions of raw material resources, it was seen that glass and mine residues can be used as secondary raw materials in glass ceramic composite production when cost and environmental issues are matter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Instead of considering contaminated soils as an environmental liability, the circular economy proposes: (i) the valorization of these soils using innovative technologies and processes to recover the metals present in soils and convert them into valuable resources. The concept of "From wastes to value-added products" sums up the essence of the circular economy and its transformative potential. This new circular economy paradigm is key to maintaining a healthy lifestyle, reducing pressure on natural resources, reducing pollution and greenhouse gas emissions, and creating new economic opportunities while preserving the environment for future generations. [Extracted from the article]

This study aimed to create a mapping-depended methodology in delineating the suitable territories for Industrial Symbiosis (IS) initiatives. The Geographic Information System (GIS)-integrated Fuzzy AHP (FAHP) was applied to the data of olive pomace (OP), marble processing wastes (MPW) and plastic wastes (PP/PET) generated in the whole country (Turkey). In the proposed methodology, factor identifications and their pairwise comparisons need to be made by experts. Factor weighting was implemented by FAHP method for each waste type. The highest FAHP weights were calculated as 0.57 for OP facility capacity, 0.64 for marble facility capacity and 0.41 for plastics industrial estate factors (high consistency: CR < 0.1). Potential region maps were prepared by integrating these factor weights into GIS. The second-stage FAHP was applied for determining the wastes transportation factor weights to be used in the delineation of intersecting regions. At this stage, OP and MPW have the equal and higher factor weights (0.41) than plastic wastes (0.18). The number of provinces having higher potential for establishing IS facility increased from 10 to 22 province as compared to the case with equal transportation weights. Southern Marmara, Aegean, Mediterranean and Central Anatolia were found as the regions with the higher potential for IS initiatives. The common features of the provinces in these regions are high waste generation capacities and spatially closeness to the provinces having high waste generation capacities. The proposed flexible methodology can be adapted to all types of wastes, to all number of factors (criteria) and to all countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Waste management is one of the most strategic areas of regional policy planning. The impact of decisions such as the allocation of industrial waste treatment plants and waste collection strategies can affect the economic structure and quality of life of territories. The effectiveness of regulatory and organisational arrangements of Regional Waste Plans is linked to the availability of technologies and material infrastructure, but also to social consensus and behaviours. On this level, participatory planning conducted through foresight techniques plays an increasing role. The article presents an innovative case carried out in Valle d'Aosta in 2021, with the aim of promoting the participatory methodology experimented and the institutionalisation of such applications in strategic waste planning processes. The process involved 35 different stakeholders (unions, businesses, schools, trade, environmental associations, etc.) in structured consultations based on the principle of building a shared transition to 2030. In particular, the project was effective in broadening the participation of civil society in the area, in making the plan's objectives more ambitious, and in fostering the creation of a collaborative network between public, market and third sector actors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Water, one of the most important resources that the planet offers us, cannot be used without meeting certain quality parameters which are increasingly difficult to achieve due to human activities such as deforestation, improper industrial and agricultural waste management, maritime traffic and fuel spillages. Cellulose-based materials or membranes are among the most important candidates to water treatment processes in the actual context of sustainable processes due to the chemical versatility of this cellulose derivative and also due to its large availability This review aims to present the use of functionalized or composite cellulose acetate membranes in water reuse processes in the context of the circular economy. The synthesis methods, process performances, and limitations of these membranes are presented, and the main future directions are thoroughly discussed at the end of the manuscript. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The production of agricultural waste is associated with environmental problems and risks to public health. The general interest demands, as an ecological alternative, the proper management of waste generated by industrial activity through its transformation into value-added products. Carbonization/activation (2 h/2 h) at 700 °C in a vertical furnace (20 K/min), to produce biochar and activated carbon (AC) from bamboo, orange, and paulownia residue, was carried out in a laboratory facility with physical activation by CO2 and steam. The characterization of the carbonaceous material obtained was based on the determination of the N2 adsorption–desorption isotherms at 77 K, the specific surface area with the BET procedure, and its internal structure by means of SEM images. The BET surface area values obtained as a function of the CO2/steam agent used were 911/1182 m2/g, 248/388 m2/g, and 800/1166 m2/g for bamboo, orange, and paulownia, respectively. The range of variation of porosity in paulownia residue generated after steam activation was 485–1166 m2/g, varying depending on the degree of maturity of the biomass used. Research has shown that both the type of activation agent used to produce AC and the degree of plant maturation of the precursor residue affect the quality and characteristics of the final product. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Inadequate treatment of industrial waste causes the contamination of rivers and seas, impacting human health and aquatic biodiversity. Among the pollutants are industrial dyes, such as methylene blue (MB), which is toxic in high doses and prevents solar radiation from penetrating the water's surface. To reduce water pollution, the organic dyes could be degraded, generating less harmful and colorless substances. The use of nanoparticles as catalysts has been gaining attention since they have excellent catalytic activity due to their high surface-to-volume ratio. Thus, this work aims to study the use of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) to degrade MB. AgNPs were prepared in water using the chemical reduction strategy and four different organic stabilizers: sodium citrate, ascorbic acid, polyvinylpyrrolidone, and poly(vinyl alcohol). The MB degradation in the presence of the AgNPs was monitored by UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy. The results showed the formation of AgNPs with a spherical shape for all the stabilizers used. All the AgNPs prepared were efficient in the degradation of MB, having degraded more than 90%. However, the AgNPs stabilized with sodium citrate and polyvinylpyrrolidone presented the best catalytic performance. Nevertheless, the four AgNPs prepared are potential catalysts for the degradation of organic dyes of wastewater. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Periodical oil spills and massive production of industrial oil wastewater have impacted the aquatic environment and has put the sustainability of the ecosystem at risk. Oil–water separation has emerged as one of the hot areas of research due to its high environmental and societal significance. Special wettable membranes have received significant attention due to their outstanding selectivity, excellent separation efficiency, and high permeation flux. This review briefly discusses the fouling behavior of membranes and various basic wettability models. According to the special wettability, two major classes of membranes are discussed. One is superhydrophobic and superoleophilic; these membranes are selective for oil and reject water and are highly suitable for separating the water-in-oil emulsions. The second class of membranes is superhydrophilic and underwater superoleophobic; these membranes are highly selective for water, reject the oil, and are suitable for separating the oil-in-water emulsions. The properties and recent progress of the special wettable membranes are concisely discussed in each section. Finally, the review is closed with conclusive remarks and future directions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Heavy metal contamination poses grave risks to all kinds of life. The fastest growing automotive, electroplating, and battery industries release the most common heavy metal, Nickel, into the environment, which has lethal impacts on human health. Our research aims to find Ni-resistant bacteria in the metal-contaminated soil that have a great potential for removing Ni from the environment. Attempts have been made to extract and characterize Ni-resistant bacteria from automobile and electroplating industry waste-contaminated soil using serial dilution, streak plating, and various morphological, biochemical, and genetic techniques. The maximum tolerable concentration of Ni and other heavy elements, such as cadmium, lead, and aluminium for the selected isolate, was investigated using the UV-Vis spectrophotometric method. Additionally, the bacterial strain's ability to remove Ni was assessed using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The current research reveals a novel strain of Kluyvera cryocrescens that could withstand Ni, Cd, Pb, Al, and combinations of these heavy metals. The maximum tolerance concentration of K. cryocrescens M7 for Ni, Cd, Pb, and Al was found to be 150 ppm, 200 ppm, 1000 ppm, and 150 ppm, respectively. Additionally, it was also observed that the bacterial strain could remove Ni by 29.57%, 35.36%, 48.41%, 46.91%, and 44.88% after 12, 24, 48, 72, and 96 hours, respectively. The strain has also exhibited resistance to vancomycin, ampicillin, carbenicillin, and streptomycin. This research discovered a novel bacterial strain, K. cryocrescens M7 that may be beneficial for removing heavy metals, particularly Ni, from metal-contaminated soil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Advanced digital solutions are increasingly introduced into manufacturing systems to make them more intelligent. Intelligent Waste Management Systems in industries allow for data collection and analysis to make better-informed decisions, monitor and manage processes remotely, and improve waste management. In many industries, scrap is collected in large waste containers located on the factory floor, usually close to its source. In most cases, monitoring of waste containers' fill levels is either manually performed by visual inspection by the operators working in close proximity or by employing intrusive mechanical systems such as weight sensors. This work presents a computer vision system that uses Deep Learning (DL) and Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) for the automated estimation of the fill level in industrial waste containers of metal scrap. The training method and parameters as well as the classification performance of VGG16 CNN that was retrained upon images collected in the field, are presented in detail. The proposed method has been validated upon an industrial case study from the copper tube production industry in which the fill level of two waste containers is estimated. A total of 9772 images were captured for the first container and 11,234 images for the second container. The VGG16 model achieved an accuracy from 77.5% to 95% on the testing dataset. The industrial case study demonstrates that the proposed computer vision system has sufficient accuracy for classifying the fill levels of metal scrap containers which allows for the development of waste management applications in industrial environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The circular economy (CE) is a promising model in industrial waste management, offering viable long-term resource sustainability. The rising costs of the oil and gas industry make circularity a reliable approach for saving materials, money, and energy. In recent years, attention has risen to the need to apply CE within oil and gas produced water (PW) treatment. The most common treatment practice for PW is based on mechanical treatment, with optional disposal of treated water into deep wells. However, this procedure consumes a lot of energy, increases operational costs, and causes environmental risks. This research aims to propose sustainable treatment technology promoting circularity by introducing a novel nature-based solution to treat PW. The main research objective is to develop a circular model for PW treatment by investigating the treatment of PW using constructed wetlands (CWs) to sustainably reduce the amount of waste in oil and gas fields. Additionally, investigate the use of industrial wastes as filtration materials for CW systems. In this study, eight different laboratory-scale CWs models were designed and tested. The CWS operated in two different types of flow directions: vertical (VF) and horizontal flow (HF). The main filter media for the CW system included aggregates, activated carbons, plastic, and shredded tires. The study investigated the removal rates of Total suspended solids (TSS), Total dissolved solids (TDS), Oil and Grease (OG), and Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon (TPH) from the PW. Testing the CWs, it was found that the results of the PW treatment were promising, with the potential for more future shredded tires and plastic applications. All systems were effective at removing contaminants from produced water, with the highest recorded removal efficiencies of 94.8% TSS, 33.7% TDS, 90.2% OG, and 98.4% TPH. The research results were efficient and promoted the circular use of CW in PW treatment in addition to the possibility of reusing the treated effluent in agriculture and irrigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The South Saskatchewan River (SSR) is one of the most important river systems in Saskatchewan and, arguably, in Canada. Most of the Saskatchewan residents, industries, and powerplants depend on the SSR for their water requirements. An established 1D modelling approach was chosen and coupled with the Hydrologic Engineering Center's River Analysis System (HEC-RAS). The WASP (Water Quality Analysis Simulation Program) stream transport module, TOXI, is coupled with flow routing for free-flow streams, ponded segments, and backwater reaches and is capable of calculating the flow of water, sediment, and dissolved constituents across branched and ponded segments. Copper and nickel were chosen as two metals with predominantly anthropogenic (agriculture, mining, and municipal and industrial waste management) and geogenic (natural weathering and erosion) sources, respectively. Analysis was carried out at ten different sites along the South Saskatchewan River, both upstream and downstream of the City of Saskatoon, in the years 2020 and 2021. Model performance was evaluated by comparing model predictions with concentrations of copper and nickel measured in a previously published study. The model performed well in estimating the concentrations of copper and nickel in water samples and worked reasonably well for sediment samples. The model underestimated the concentration values at certain segments in both water and sediment samples. In order to calibrate the model more accurately, extra diffusive contaminant loads were added. While several default parameter values had to be used due to the unavailability of primary historical data, our study demonstrates the predictive power of combining WASP—TOXI and HEC-RAS models for the prediction of contaminant loading. Future studies, including those on the impacts of global climate change on water quality on the Canadian prairies, will benefit from this proof-of-concept study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Incessant generation and mismanagement of industrial waste, resource scarcity, and environmental degradation have created non-sustainability in human life. Though industrial wastes are hazardous or non-hazardous in nature based on their source, open dumping disposal is commonly done for both types of waste. The adversity associated with waste enhances the environmental and health impacts. However, this waste has the potential to recycle and minimize resource scarcity. The circular economy works on the concept of reuse, recycling, and recovery to convert waste into a resource. Thus, industrial waste can benefit the environment and economic growth to build industrial ecology. However, the opportunities and challenges associated with industrial ecology for the reuse and recycling of waste have to be identified and preserved. Therefore, this study has identified challenges associated with waste, analyzed their impact, and industrial regulations, prioritized their criticality, and developed solution strategies to alleviate them. Two case studies on industrial byproducts, i.e., fly ash and red mud, based on different income groups are discussed in this study. It highlights the circular economy has minimized waste generation and enhanced the recovery of secondary resource materials. In addition, this study supports achieving the sustainable development goals (SDGs) 11 and 12 to build a sustainable industrial ecosystem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Fe-impregnated SiC reduces activation energy from 140.5 kJ/mol to 63.7 kJ/mol. • Random scission model (L2) explains thermal decomposition of ABS plastic waste. • Microwave-assisted catalytic pyrolysis manages ABS plastic waste efficiently. The increasing accumulation of ABS plastic waste poses significant environmental challenges, necessitating efficient methods for its disposal and recycling. The pyrolysis of the ABS plastic waste was performed under various heating programs including constant heating rate (27.5, 42.2 and 65 K min−1), and sample-controlled reaction rate (0.01 min−1) to obtain the TG curves using the in-house developed microwave assisted thermogravimetric analyzer. Fe-impregnated SiC was used as thermal and chemical catalyst, while neat SiC played only thermal catalyst role. The modified Sestak-Bergren equation used to model the TG data by Pearson's linear correlation and associated parameters n = 1.129 and m = 0.27 was achieved. The comparison of normalized form of the conversion function (f (α)/f (0.5)) with the most common models of solid-state reactions showed that random scission model (L2) was the most suitable approach to physically explain the pyrolysis of ABS plastic waste. Furthermore, by applying isoconversional kinetic analysis, the variation of activation energy (Eα) with conversion value was approximately constant. The Eα obtained was 140.5 and 63.7 kJ/mol with SiC and Fe/SiC, respectively. These findings hold practical implications for industrial applications or waste management strategies, particularly when considering the developed microwave-assisted real-time TGA-pyrolysis, which can enhance the efficiency and sustainability of plastic waste recycling processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Confirmed feasibility and scalability of the ozonation from bench to pilot scale. • Use of Venturi tube for better O 3 dispersion and hydrodynamic cavitation. • Highest carboxylic acid degradation efficiency of 99 % in 60 min at pH 12. • Real matrix does not need pH adjustment to achieve O&G reduction above 50 %. • Energy consumption for real matrix ozonation is lower than for synthetic one. Managing oilfield produced water (OPW) is a significant challenge for the petrochemical industry due to the high daily volumes generated and strict disposal limits for oil and grease (O&G) content. O&G levels are influenced by organic compounds known as naphthenic acids (NAs). This study explored ozonation to degrade cyclohexane carboxylic acid (CHCA, a model compound for NAs) present in a synthetic OPW matrix and reduce O&G in real OPW from offshore platforms. Experiments were conducted on four ozonation prototypes with varying effluent capacities: a simplified bench-scale prototype (200 mL), an extended bench-scale prototype (400 mL to 800 mL), a hydrodynamic cavitation reactor with Venturi (5 L), and a pilot unit reactor (25 L to 80 L). CHCA degradation ranged from 91 % to 100 % under optimized conditions for each prototype. Additionally, the ozonation treatment met the Brazilian National Environment Council's disposal requirements for OPW in oceanic regions, achieving an O&G content below 29 mg/L within 30 min at natural pH. The energy required for degradation (E RC) decreased from 729.2 kWh/m3 to 30.3 kWh/m3 as ozonation scaled up from the simplified bench-scale system (200 mL) to the pilot scale (80 L). For real OPW, the E RC was even lower at 34.5 kWh/m3. These findings demonstrate the effectiveness of ozonation in treating OPW and underscore the importance of multi-scale studies to evaluate the technical and economic viability of this treatment technology. This contributes to the sustainable management of industrial waste even in space-restricted installations such as offshore oil production facilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fluoride (F) contamination in industrial waste is a significant challenge for sustainable materials recycling. Existing techniques for mitigating F contamination focus on immobilization, converting F compounds to insoluble forms while leaving the total F content untreated. Chelator-assisted washing is considered a promising alternative remediation strategy that can indirectly release F by entrapping and dissolving F-bearing minerals. This study evaluates the effectiveness of chelator-assisted washing in removing F from three real F-contaminated waste samples (TCS-49, TCS-51, and TCS-52) by treating with four different chelators, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), ethylenediamine N , N ′-disuccinic acid (EDDS), diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA), and 3-hydroxy-2,2′-imino disuccinic acid (HIDS). The influence of key washing variables, including chelator type, solution pH, chelator concentration, washing time, and liquid-to-solid (L/S) ratio toward F extraction was assessed and optimized for attaining the maximum extraction. All chelators exhibited the highest F extraction from TCS-49 and TCS-51 at pH 11, whereas in TCS-52 it showed a discrete extraction pattern. Under optimized conditions (concentration, 10 mmol L−1; pH, 11; washing duration, 3 h; and L/S ratio, 10:1), EDTA outperformed the other chelators, enhancing F extraction by 2.1 and 1.2 times for TCS-49 and TCS-51, respectively, compared with those of control treatments. However, for TCS-52, the efficiency of EDTA was analogous to that of the control under the same washing conditions. The linear correlation between the extracted F and F-containing minerals suggests that the chelator-induced F removal from contaminated waste involves the entrapment and dissolution of F-bearing minerals, especially Ca and Fe. The subsequent post-washing immobilization of chelator-washed waste residues using CaO or H 3 PO 4 significantly reduced the content of leachable F under the regulatory limit. [Display omitted] • Chelator-induced F extraction significantly correlated with washing parameters. • All chelators showed peak F extraction at pH 11, with distinct patterns for TCS-52. • EDTA showed the highest F extraction efficiency among the tested chelator variants. • Chelator-aided F removal involves entrapment and dissolution of F-bearing minerals. • CaO- and H 3 PO 4 -based immobilization reduced F-leaching below the regulatory limit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Remediation and preparation for development is a crucial aspect of the valorization of post-mining areas. This study is focused on technologies devoted to the cement stabilization of post-industrial waste and petroleum contaminated soils. Two case studies are presented. Case 1 is based on the stabilization works of waste from a closed chemical plant in order to turn it into an engineered landfill. The results form the basis for numerical studies of slope stability. The shorter case 2 is based on the laboratory testing of a soil–cement composite with regard to petroleum contamination and the application of active carbon to neutralize it in the course of deep soil mixing. Both cases, due to the use of slag cement, are not considered to be sustainable (due to a relatively high carbon footprint), but they represent current geotechnical practice and form a reference for a wide range of applications. Both cases show the positive impact of stabilization by means of the addition of a hydraulic binder. The effect of soil improvement is measurable in terms of the stability factor of landfill slopes. The effect of active charcoal addition seems to be a valuable improvement to standard deep soil mixing technology in the case of contaminated soil. The presented results, despite their local importance related to the cases under scrutiny, have an important educational and scientific value for the energy sector, where contaminated sites need to be valorized.

Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) regulations require that producers organize and pay for treatment and recycling of waste arising from their products at end of life. EPR has been effective in implementing some aspects of circular economy. In Europe, 35% of e-waste and 65% of packaging waste have already been recycled (or reused in some cases). This article analyzes the challenges of implementing EPR and provides useful insights for what has worked well and what challenges remain. Identifying and addressing these challenges will be crucial for framing legislation that will move industry and society toward a more circular economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present work, lavender waste, a residue of the essential oil extract industry, was used to feed Eisenia andrei with mature horse manure at ratios of 0:100, 25:75, 50:50, 75:25 and 100:0 on dry weight basis. Vermicomposting was carried out for 70 days in laboratory conditions. Biological parameters such as population build-up, total biomass, mortality and cocoon production were observed and measured. Increasing concentrations of waste affected positively the growth and reproduction of worms in a significant way. The 100% lavender waste combination showed the best cocoon production and even tripled their biomass in the first week. A seed germination test was also made, where no evidence of toxicity was found. The germination index range was, in general terms, above 100. The results indicated that the earthworm E. andrei was able to transform lavender waste into compost and thus play a major role in industrial waste management and apply circular economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the process of making steel, around 10%–15% of slag is produced. In the last decade, several studies have proposed the application of steel slag as geomaterial. However, its potential application as a subgrade material in river embankments (artificial banks to protect the adjacent land against flooding) has been unexplored hitherto. This study assessed the geotechnical properties of steel slag, riverbank sand, and their various blends. First, the index properties, microstructure, and mineralogy of the slag and sand were evaluated. Then, the strength properties of slag and sand were assessed via the direct shear test at different relative densities and blends. The hydraulic conductivities of the proposed blends were also assessed, and the pH of their effluent discharge was evaluated. The optimal slag-sand mix for strength was found to be 1∶7 (slag content 12.5%), which improved the friction angle of sand from 27° to 37°. The hydraulic conductivities of all the proposed blends were observed to be in the range of 10−5 m/s , equivalent to that of riverbank sand. Hyperalkalinity of the leachate was observed during the hydraulic conductivity tests. The findings from the present study reveal that substituting a small proportion of riverbank sand with slag improves its strength considerably. However, there are geo-environmental concerns over its application in river embankments due to the hyperalkalinity of the effluent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of recycling ash from Amazonian biomass on the fertility of a dystrophic Yellow Latosol. For this purpose, a laboratory incubation experiment was performed with Yellow Latosol using four increasing doses of ash (8.75, 17.5, 35, and 70 Mg ha−1), three incubation times (20, 40, and 60 days), two positive treatments (13 Mg ha−1 lime and 2 Mg ha−1 phosphate fertilizer), and one control soil. The chemical analyses of the soil revealed that the application of increasing doses of ash positively affected the pH values and significantly increased the availability of the nutrients P, K, Ca, and Mg, the levels of which were adequate for the soils and main crops of the state of Pará, Brazil. The input of these nutrients and the moderate increase in pH contributed to the increase in base saturation and thus reduced the potential acidity of the soil and neutralized Al3+. Therefore, recycling ash from Amazonian biomasses in agricultural or forest soils may represent a sustainable and integrative alternative that balances the management of industrial waste and the fertility of acidic and nutrient-deficient soils in the state of Pará. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]