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1. The thalamus and its subnuclei—a gateway to obsessive-compulsive disorder

Author: Cees J. Weeland, Selina Kasprzak, Niels T. de Joode, Yoshinari Abe, Pino Alonso, Stephanie H. Ameis, Alan Anticevic, Paul D. Arnold, Srinivas Balachander, Nerisa Banaj, Nuria Bargallo, Marcelo C. Batistuzzo, Francesco Benedetti, Jan C. Beucke, Irene Bollettini, Vilde Brecke, Silvia Brem, Carolina Cappi, Yuqi Cheng, Kang Ik K. Cho, Daniel L. C. Costa, Sara Dallaspezia, Damiaan Denys, Goi Khia Eng, Sónia Ferreira, Jamie D. Feusner, Martine Fontaine, Jean-Paul Fouche, Rachael G. Grazioplene, Patricia Gruner, Mengxin He, Yoshiyuki Hirano, Marcelo Q. Hoexter, Chaim Huyser, Hao Hu, Fern Jaspers-Fayer, Norbert Kathmann, Christian Kaufmann, Minah Kim, Kathrin Koch, Yoo Bin Kwak, Jun Soo Kwon, Luisa Lazaro, Chiang-shan R. Li, Christine Lochner, Rachel Marsh, Ignacio Martínez-Zalacaín, David Mataix-Cols, Jose M. Menchón, Luciano Minnuzi, Pedro Silva Moreira, Pedro Morgado, Akiko Nakagawa, Takashi Nakamae, Janardhanan C. Narayanaswamy, Erika L. Nurmi, Ana E. Ortiz, Jose C. Pariente, John Piacentini, Maria Picó-Pérez, Fabrizio Piras, Federica Piras, Christopher Pittenger, Y. C. Janardhan Reddy, Daniela Rodriguez-Manrique, Yuki Sakai, Eiji Shimizu, Venkataram Shivakumar, Helen Blair Simpson, Noam Soreni, Carles Soriano-Mas, Nuno Sousa, Gianfranco Spalletta, Emily R. Stern, Michael C. Stevens, S. Evelyn Stewart, Philip R. Szeszko, Jumpei Takahashi, Tais Tanamatis, Jinsong Tang, Anders Lillevik Thorsen, David Tolin, Ysbrand D. van der Werf, Hein van Marle, Guido A. van Wingen, Daniela Vecchio, G. Venkatasubramanian, Susanne Walitza, Jicai Wang, Zhen Wang, Anri Watanabe, Lidewij H. Wolters, Xiufeng Xu, Je-Yeon Yun, Qing Zhao, ENIGMA OCD Working Group, Tonya White, Paul M. Thompson, Dan J. Stein, Odile A. van den Heuvel, and Chris Vriend
Subjects: Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry, RC321-571
Abstract: Abstract Larger thalamic volume has been found in children with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and children with clinical-level symptoms within the general population. Particular thalamic subregions may drive these differences. The ENIGMA-OCD working group conducted mega- and meta-analyses to study thalamic subregional volume in OCD across the lifespan. Structural T1-weighted brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans from 2649 OCD patients and 2774 healthy controls across 29 sites (50 datasets) were processed using the FreeSurfer built-in ThalamicNuclei pipeline to extract five thalamic subregions. Volume measures were harmonized for site effects using ComBat before running separate multiple linear regression models for children, adolescents, and adults to estimate volumetric group differences. All analyses were pre-registered ( https://osf.io/73dvy ) and adjusted for age, sex and intracranial volume. Unmedicated pediatric OCD patients (
Published: 2022
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2. Effects of integrase inhibitor-based antiretroviral therapy on brain outcomes according to time since acquisition of HIV-1 infection

Author: Anna Prats, Ignacio Martínez-Zalacaín, Beatriz Mothe, Eugènia Negredo, Núria Pérez-Álvarez, Maite Garolera, Sira Domènech-Puigcerver, Pep Coll, Michael Meulbroek, Anna Chamorro, Carmina R. Fumaz, Maria J. Ferrer, Bonaventura Clotet, Carles Soriano-Mas, and Jose A. Muñoz-Moreno
Subjects: Medicine, Science
Abstract: Abstract Integrase strand transfer inhibitors (INSTI) are a main component of the current antiretroviral regimens recommended for treatment of HIV infection. However, little is known about the impact of INSTI on neurocognition and neuroimaging. We developed a prospective observational trial to evaluate the effects of INSTI-based antiretroviral therapy on comprehensive brain outcomes (cognitive, functional, and imaging) according to the time since HIV-1 acquisition. We recruited men living with HIV who initiated antiretroviral therapy with INSTI 6 months since estimated date of HIV-1 acquisition (n = 15). We also recruited a group of matched seronegative individuals (n = 15). Assessments were performed at baseline (before initiation of therapy in HIV arms) and at weeks 4 and 48. Baseline cognitive functioning was comparable between the arms. At week 48, we did not find cognitive differences between starting therapy with INSTI earlier than 3 months or later than 6 months after acquisition of HIV-1 infection. Functional status was poorer in individuals diagnosed earlier. This effect recovered 48 weeks after initiation of therapy. Regarding brain imaging, we found that men living with HIV initiating antiretroviral therapy later experienced a greater decrease in medial orbitofrontal cortex over time, with expected negative repercussions for decision-making tasks.
Published: 2021
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3. Lower Locus Coeruleus MRI intensity in patients with late-life major depression

Author: Andrés Guinea-Izquierdo, Mónica Giménez, Ignacio Martínez-Zalacaín, Inés del Cerro, Pol Canal-Noguer, Gerard Blasco, Jordi Gascón, Ramon Reñé, Inmaculada Rico, Angels Camins, Carlos Aguilera, Mikel Urretavizcaya, Isidre Ferrer, José Manuel Menchón, Virginia Soria, and Carles Soriano-Mas
Subjects: Major depressive disorder, Amnestic mild cognitive impairment, Locus coeruleus, Magnetic resonance imaging, Neuromelanin, Serotonin/norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors, Medicine, Biology (General), QH301-705.5
Abstract: Background The locus coeruleus (LC) is the major noradrenergic source in the central nervous system. Structural alterations in the LC contribute to the pathophysiology of different neuropsychiatric disorders, which may increase to a variable extent the likelihood of developing neurodegenerative conditions. The characterization of such alterations may therefore help to predict progression to neurodegenerative disorders. Despite the LC cannot be visualized with conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), specific MRI sequences have been developed to infer its structural integrity. Methods We quantified LC signal Contrast Ratios (LCCRs) in late-life major depressive disorder (MDD) (n = 37, 9 with comorbid aMCI), amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment (aMCI) (n = 21, without comorbid MDD), and healthy controls (HCs) (n = 31), and also assessed the putative modulatory effects of comorbidities and other clinical variables. Results LCCRs were lower in MDD compared to aMCI and HCs. While no effects of aMCI comorbidity were observed, lower LCCRs were specifically observed in patients taking serotonin/norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs). Conclusion Our results do not support the hypothesis that lower LCCRs characterize the different clinical groups that may eventually develop a neurodegenerative disorder. Conversely, our results were specifically observed in patients with late-life MDD taking SNRIs. Further research with larger samples is warranted to ascertain whether medication or particular clinical features of patients taking SNRIs are associated with changes in LC neurons.
Published: 2021
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4. An fMRI study of cognitive reappraisal in major depressive disorder and borderline personality disorder

Author: Víctor De la Peña-Arteaga, Mercedes Berruga-Sánchez, Trevor Steward, Ignacio Martínez-Zalacaín, Ximena Goldberg, Agustina Wainsztein, Carolina Abulafia, Narcís Cardoner, Mariana N. Castro, Mirta Villarreal, José M. Menchón, Salvador M. Guinjoan, and Carles Soriano-Mas
Subjects: Borderline personality disorder, emotion regulation, fMRI, major depressive disorder, neuroimaging, Psychiatry, RC435-571
Abstract: Abstract Background One common denominator to the clinical phenotypes of borderline personality disorder (BPD) and major depressive disorder (MDD) is emotion regulation impairment. Although these two conditions have been extensively studied separately, it remains unclear whether their emotion regulation impairments are underpinned by shared or distinct neurobiological alterations. Methods We contrasted the neural correlates of negative emotion regulation across an adult sample of BPD patients (n = 19), MDD patients (n = 20), and healthy controls (HCs; n = 19). Emotion regulation was assessed using an established functional magnetic resonance imaging cognitive reappraisal paradigm. We assessed both task-related activations and modulations of interregional connectivity. Results When compared to HCs, patients with BPD and MDD displayed homologous decreased activation in the right ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (vlPFC) during cognitive reappraisal. In addition, the MDD group presented decreased activations in other prefrontal areas (i.e., left dorsolateral and bilateral orbitofrontal cortices), while the BPD group was characterized by a more extended pattern of alteration in the connectivity between the vlPFC and cortices of the visual ventral stream during reappraisal. Conclusions This study identified, for the first time, a shared neurobiological contributor to emotion regulation deficits in MDD and BPD characterized by decreased vlPFC activity, although we also observed disorder-specific alterations. In MDD, results suggest a primary deficit in the strength of prefrontal activations, while BPD is better defined by connectivity disruptions between the vlPFC and temporal emotion processing regions. These findings substantiate, in neurobiological terms, the different profiles of emotion regulation alterations observed in these disorders.
Published: 2021
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5. Locus coeruleus connectivity alterations in late-life major depressive disorder during a visual oddball task

Author: Inés del Cerro, Ignacio Martínez-Zalacaín, Andrés Guinea-Izquierdo, Jordi Gascón-Bayarri, Vanesa Viñas-Diez, Mikel Urretavizcaya, Pablo Naval-Baudin, Carlos Aguilera, Ramón Reñé-Ramírez, Isidre Ferrer, José M. Menchón, Virginia Soria, and Carles Soriano-Mas
Subjects: Late-life major depressive disorder, Mild cognitive impairment, Locus coeruleus, Anterior cingulate cortex, Functional magnetic resonance imaging, Visual oddball task, Computer applications to medicine. Medical informatics, R858-859.7, Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system, RC346-429
Abstract: The Locus Coeruleus (LC) is the major source of noradrenergic neurotransmission. Structural alterations in the LC have been observed in neurodegenerative disorders and at-risk individuals, although functional connectivity studies between the LC and other brain areas have not been yet performed in these populations. Patients with late-life major depressive disorder (MDD) are indeed at increased risk for neurodegenerative disorders, and here we investigated LC connectivity in late-life MDD in comparison to individuals with amnestic type mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) and healthy controls (HCs). We assessed 20 patients with late-life MDD, 16 patients with aMCI, and 26 HCs, who underwent a functional magnetic resonance scan while performing a visual oddball task. We assessed task-related modulations of LC connectivity (i.e., Psychophysiological Interactions, PPI) with other brain areas. A T1-weighted fast spin-echo sequence for LC localization was also obtained. Patients with late-life MDD showed lower global connectivity during target detection in a cluster encompassing the right caudal LC. Specifically, we observed lower LC connectivity with the left anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), the right fusiform gyrus, and different cerebellar clusters. Moreover, alterations in LC-ACC connectivity correlated negatively with depression severity (i.e., Geriatric Depression Scale and number of recurrences). Reduced connectivity of the LC during oddball performance seems to specifically characterize patients with late-life MDD, but not other populations of aged individuals with cognitive alterations. Such alteration is associated with different measures of disease severity, such as the current presence of symptoms and the burden of disease (number of recurrences).
Published: 2020
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6. 10Kin1day: A Bottom-Up Neuroimaging Initiative

Author: Martijn P. van den Heuvel, Lianne H. Scholtens, Hannelore K. van der Burgh, Federica Agosta, Clara Alloza, Celso Arango, Bonnie Auyeung, Simon Baron-Cohen, Silvia Basaia, Manon J. N. L. Benders, Frauke Beyer, Linda Booij, Kees P. J. Braun, Geraldo Busatto Filho, Wiepke Cahn, Dara M. Cannon, Tiffany M. Chaim-Avancini, Sandra S. M. Chan, Eric Y. H. Chen, Benedicto Crespo-Facorro, Eveline A. Crone, Udo Dannlowski, Sonja M. C. de Zwarte, Bruno Dietsche, Gary Donohoe, Stefan Du Plessis, Sarah Durston, Covadonga M. Díaz-Caneja, Ana M. Díaz-Zuluaga, Robin Emsley, Massimo Filippi, Thomas Frodl, Martin Gorges, Beata Graff, Dominik Grotegerd, Dariusz Gąsecki, Julie M. Hall, Laurena Holleran, Rosemary Holt, Helene J. Hopman, Andreas Jansen, Joost Janssen, Krzysztof Jodzio, Lutz Jäncke, Vasiliy G. Kaleda, Jan Kassubek, Shahrzad Kharabian Masouleh, Tilo Kircher, Martijn G. J. C. Koevoets, Vladimir S. Kostic, Axel Krug, Stephen M. Lawrie, Irina S. Lebedeva, Edwin H. M. Lee, Tristram A. Lett, Simon J. G. Lewis, Franziskus Liem, Michael V. Lombardo, Carlos Lopez-Jaramillo, Daniel S. Margulies, Sebastian Markett, Paulo Marques, Ignacio Martínez-Zalacaín, Colm McDonald, Andrew M. McIntosh, Genevieve McPhilemy, Susanne L. Meinert, José M. Menchón, Christian Montag, Pedro S. Moreira, Pedro Morgado, David O. Mothersill, Susan Mérillat, Hans-Peter Müller, Leila Nabulsi, Pablo Najt, Krzysztof Narkiewicz, Patrycja Naumczyk, Bob Oranje, Victor Ortiz-Garcia de la Foz, Jiska S. Peper, Julian A. Pineda, Paul E. Rasser, Ronny Redlich, Jonathan Repple, Martin Reuter, Pedro G. P. Rosa, Amber N. V. Ruigrok, Agnieszka Sabisz, Ulrich Schall, Soraya Seedat, Mauricio H. Serpa, Stavros Skouras, Carles Soriano-Mas, Nuno Sousa, Edyta Szurowska, Alexander S. Tomyshev, Diana Tordesillas-Gutierrez, Sofie L. Valk, Leonard H. van den Berg, Theo G. M. van Erp, Neeltje E. M. van Haren, Judith M. C. van Leeuwen, Arno Villringer, Christiaan H. Vinkers, Christian Vollmar, Lea Waller, Henrik Walter, Heather C. Whalley, Marta Witkowska, A. Veronica Witte, Marcus V. Zanetti, Rui Zhang, and Siemon C. de Lange
Subjects: MRI, connectome analysis, diffusion weighted MRI, brain, network, Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system, RC346-429
Abstract: We organized 10Kin1day, a pop-up scientific event with the goal to bring together neuroimaging groups from around the world to jointly analyze 10,000+ existing MRI connectivity datasets during a 3-day workshop. In this report, we describe the motivation and principles of 10Kin1day, together with a public release of 8,000+ MRI connectome maps of the human brain.
Published: 2019
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7. An Empirical Comparison of Meta- and Mega-Analysis With Data From the ENIGMA Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Working Group

Author: Premika S. W. Boedhoe, Martijn W. Heymans, Lianne Schmaal, Yoshinari Abe, Pino Alonso, Stephanie H. Ameis, Alan Anticevic, Paul D. Arnold, Marcelo C. Batistuzzo, Francesco Benedetti, Jan C. Beucke, Irene Bollettini, Anushree Bose, Silvia Brem, Anna Calvo, Rosa Calvo, Yuqi Cheng, Kang Ik K. Cho, Valentina Ciullo, Sara Dallaspezia, Damiaan Denys, Jamie D. Feusner, Kate D. Fitzgerald, Jean-Paul Fouche, Egill A. Fridgeirsson, Patricia Gruner, Gregory L. Hanna, Derrek P. Hibar, Marcelo Q. Hoexter, Hao Hu, Chaim Huyser, Neda Jahanshad, Anthony James, Norbert Kathmann, Christian Kaufmann, Kathrin Koch, Jun Soo Kwon, Luisa Lazaro, Christine Lochner, Rachel Marsh, Ignacio Martínez-Zalacaín, David Mataix-Cols, José M. Menchón, Luciano Minuzzi, Astrid Morer, Takashi Nakamae, Tomohiro Nakao, Janardhanan C. Narayanaswamy, Seiji Nishida, Erika L. Nurmi, Joseph O'Neill, John Piacentini, Fabrizio Piras, Federica Piras, Y. C. Janardhan Reddy, Tim J. Reess, Yuki Sakai, Joao R. Sato, H. Blair Simpson, Noam Soreni, Carles Soriano-Mas, Gianfranco Spalletta, Michael C. Stevens, Philip R. Szeszko, David F. Tolin, Guido A. van Wingen, Ganesan Venkatasubramanian, Susanne Walitza, Zhen Wang, Je-Yeon Yun, ENIGMA-OCD Working-Group, Paul M. Thompson, Dan J. Stein, Odile A. van den Heuvel, and Jos W. R. Twisk
Subjects: neuroimaging, MRI, IPD meta-analysis, mega-analysis, linear mixed-effect models, Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry, RC321-571
Abstract: Objective: Brain imaging communities focusing on different diseases have increasingly started to collaborate and to pool data to perform well-powered meta- and mega-analyses. Some methodologists claim that a one-stage individual-participant data (IPD) mega-analysis can be superior to a two-stage aggregated data meta-analysis, since more detailed computations can be performed in a mega-analysis. Before definitive conclusions regarding the performance of either method can be drawn, it is necessary to critically evaluate the methodology of, and results obtained by, meta- and mega-analyses.Methods: Here, we compare the inverse variance weighted random-effect meta-analysis model with a multiple linear regression mega-analysis model, as well as with a linear mixed-effects random-intercept mega-analysis model, using data from 38 cohorts including 3,665 participants of the ENIGMA-OCD consortium. We assessed the effect sizes and standard errors, and the fit of the models, to evaluate the performance of the different methods.Results: The mega-analytical models showed lower standard errors and narrower confidence intervals than the meta-analysis. Similar standard errors and confidence intervals were found for the linear regression and linear mixed-effects random-intercept models. Moreover, the linear mixed-effects random-intercept models showed better fit indices compared to linear regression mega-analytical models.Conclusions: Our findings indicate that results obtained by meta- and mega-analysis differ, in favor of the latter. In multi-center studies with a moderate amount of variation between cohorts, a linear mixed-effects random-intercept mega-analytical framework appears to be the better approach to investigate structural neuroimaging data.
Published: 2019
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8. Emotion Regulation and Excess Weight: Impaired Affective Processing Characterized by Dysfunctional Insula Activation and Connectivity.

Author: Trevor Steward, Maria Picó-Pérez, Fernanda Mata, Ignacio Martínez-Zalacaín, Marta Cano, Oren Contreras-Rodríguez, Fernando Fernández-Aranda, Murat Yucel, Carles Soriano-Mas, and Antonio Verdejo-García
Subjects: Medicine, Science
Abstract: Emotion-regulation strategies are understood to influence food intake. This study examined the neurophysiological underpinnings of negative emotion processing and emotion regulation in individuals with excess weight compared to normal-weight controls. Fifteen participants with excess-weight (body mass index >25) and sixteen normal-weight controls (body mass index 18-25) performed an emotion-regulation task during functional magnetic resonance imaging. Participants were exposed to 24 negative affective or neutral pictures that they were instructed to Observe (neutral pictures), Maintain (sustain the emotion elicited by negative pictures) or Regulate (down-regulate the emotion provoked by negative pictures through previously trained reappraisal techniques). When instructed to regulate negative emotions by means of cognitive reappraisal, participants with excess weight displayed persistently heightened activation in the right anterior insula. Decreased responsivity was also found in right anterior insula, the orbitofrontal cortex and cerebellum during negative emotion experience in participants with excess weight. Psycho-physiological interaction analyses showed that excess-weight participants had decreased negative functional coupling between the right anterior insula and the right dlPFC, and the bilateral dmPFC during cognitive reappraisal. Our findings support contentions that excess weight is linked to an abnormal pattern of neural activation and connectivity during the experience and regulation of negative emotions, with the insula playing a key role in these alterations. We posit that ineffective regulation of emotional states contributes to the acquisition and preservation of excess weight.
Published: 2016
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9. Abnormal Social Reward Responses in Anorexia Nervosa: An fMRI Study.

Author: Esther Via, Carles Soriano-Mas, Isabel Sánchez, Laura Forcano, Ben J Harrison, Christopher G Davey, Jesús Pujol, Ignacio Martínez-Zalacaín, José M Menchón, Fernando Fernández-Aranda, and Narcís Cardoner
Subjects: Medicine, Science
Abstract: Patients with anorexia nervosa (AN) display impaired social interactions, implicated in the development and prognosis of the disorder. Importantly, social behavior is modulated by reward-based processes, and dysfunctional at-brain-level reward responses have been involved in AN neurobiological models. However, no prior evidence exists of whether these neural alterations would be equally present in social contexts. In this study, we conducted a cross-sectional social-judgment functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study of 20 restrictive-subtype AN patients and 20 matched healthy controls. Brain activity during acceptance and rejection was investigated and correlated with severity measures (Eating Disorder Inventory -EDI-2) and with personality traits of interest known to modulate social behavior (The Sensitivity to Punishment and Sensitivity to Reward Questionnaire). Patients showed hypoactivation of the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (DMPFC) during social acceptance and hyperactivation of visual areas during social rejection. Ventral striatum activation during rejection was positively correlated in patients with clinical severity scores. During acceptance, activation of the frontal opercula-anterior insula and dorsomedial/dorsolateral prefrontal cortices was differentially associated with reward sensitivity between groups. These results suggest an abnormal motivational drive for social stimuli, and involve overlapping social cognition and reward systems leading to a disruption of adaptive responses in the processing of social reward. The specific association of reward-related regions with clinical and psychometric measures suggests the putative involvement of reward structures in the maintenance of pathological behaviors in AN.
Published: 2015
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10. Brain structural alterations in obsessive-compulsive disorder patients with autogenous and reactive obsessions.

Author: Marta Subirà, Pino Alonso, Cinto Segalàs, Eva Real, Clara López-Solà, Jesús Pujol, Ignacio Martínez-Zalacaín, Ben J Harrison, José M Menchón, Narcís Cardoner, and Carles Soriano-Mas
Subjects: Medicine, Science
Abstract: Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a clinically heterogeneous condition. Although structural brain alterations have been consistently reported in OCD, their interaction with particular clinical subtypes deserves further examination. Among other approaches, a two-group classification in patients with autogenous and reactive obsessions has been proposed. The purpose of the present study was to assess, by means of a voxel-based morphometry analysis, the putative brain structural correlates of this classification scheme in OCD patients. Ninety-five OCD patients and 95 healthy controls were recruited. Patients were divided into autogenous (n = 30) and reactive (n = 65) sub-groups. A structural magnetic resonance image was acquired for each participant and pre-processed with SPM8 software to obtain a volume-modulated gray matter map. Whole-brain and voxel-wise comparisons between the study groups were then performed. In comparison to the autogenous group, reactive patients showed larger gray matter volumes in the right Rolandic operculum. When compared to healthy controls, reactive patients showed larger volumes in the putamen (bilaterally), while autogenous patients showed a smaller left anterior temporal lobe. Also in comparison to healthy controls, the right middle temporal gyrus was smaller in both patient subgroups. Our results suggest that autogenous and reactive obsessions depend on partially dissimilar neural substrates. Our findings provide some neurobiological support for this classification scheme and contribute to unraveling the neurobiological basis of clinical heterogeneity in OCD.
Published: 2013
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11. Cerebrospinal fluid space alterations in melancholic depression.

Author: Esther Via, Narcís Cardoner, Jesús Pujol, Ignacio Martínez-Zalacaín, Rosa Hernández-Ribas, Mikel Urretavizacaya, Marina López-Solà, Joan Deus, José Manuel Menchón, and Carles Soriano-Mas
Subjects: Medicine, Science
Abstract: Melancholic depression is a biologically homogeneous clinical entity in which structural brain alterations have been described. Interestingly, reports of structural alterations in melancholia include volume increases in Cerebro-Spinal Fluid (CSF) spaces. However, there are no previous reports of CSF volume alterations using automated whole-brain voxel-wise approaches, as tissue classification algorithms have been traditionally regarded as less reliable for CSF segmentation. Here we aimed to assess CSF volumetric alterations in melancholic depression and their clinical correlates by means of a novel segmentation algorithm ('new segment', as implemented in the software Statistical Parametric Mapping-SPM8), incorporating specific features that may improve CSF segmentation. A three-dimensional Magnetic Resonance Image (MRI) was obtained from seventy patients with melancholic depression and forty healthy control subjects. Although imaging data were pre-processed with the 'new segment' algorithm, in order to obtain a comparison with previous segmentation approaches, tissue segmentation was also performed with the 'unified segmentation' approach. Melancholic patients showed a CSF volume increase in the region of the left Sylvian fissure, and a CSF volume decrease in the subarachnoid spaces surrounding medial and lateral parietal cortices. Furthermore, CSF increases in the left Sylvian fissure were negatively correlated with the reduction percentage of depressive symptoms at discharge. None of these results were replicated with the 'unified segmentation' approach. By contrast, between-group differences in the left Sylvian fissure were replicated with a non-automated quantification of the CSF content of this region. Left Sylvian fissure alterations reported here are in agreement with previous findings from non-automated CSF assessments, and also with other reports of gray and white matter insular alterations in depressive samples using automated approaches. The reliable characterization of CSF alterations may help in the comprehensive characterization of brain structural abnormalities in psychiatric samples and in the development of etiopathogenic hypotheses relating to the disorders.
Published: 2012
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12. Associations of medication with subcortical morphology across the lifespan in OCD: Results from the international ENIGMA Consortium

Author: Iliyan Ivanov, Premika S.W. Boedhoe, Yoshinari Abe, Pino Alonso, Stephanie H. Ameis, Paul D. Arnold, Srinivas Balachander, Justin T. Baker, Nerisa Banaj, Nuria Bargalló, Marcelo C. Batistuzzo, Francesco Benedetti, Jan C. Beucke, Irene Bollettini, Silvia Brem, Brian P. Brennan, Jan Buitelaar, Rosa Calvo, Yuqi Cheng, Kang Ik K. Cho, Sara Dallaspezia, Damiaan Denys, Juliana B. Diniz, Benjamin A. Ely, Jamie D. Feusner, Sónia Ferreira, Kate D. Fitzgerald, Martine Fontaine, Patricia Gruner, Gregory L. Hanna, Yoshiyuki Hirano, Marcelo Q. Hoexter, Chaim Huyser, Keisuke Ikari, Anthony James, Fern Jaspers-Fayer, Hongyan Jiang, Norbert Kathmann, Christian Kaufmann, Minah Kim, Kathrin Koch, Jun Soo Kwon, Luisa Lázaro, Yanni Liu, Christine Lochner, Rachel Marsh, Ignacio Martínez-Zalacaín, David Mataix-Cols, José M. Menchón, Luciano Minuzzi, Astrid Morer, Pedro Morgado, Akiko Nakagawa, Takashi Nakamae, Tomohiro Nakao, Janardhanan C. Narayanaswamy, Erika L. Nurmi, Sanghoon Oh, Chris Perriello, John C. Piacentini, Maria Picó-Pérez, Fabrizio Piras, Federica Piras, Y.C. Janardhan Reddy, Daniela Rodriguez Manrique, Yuki Sakai, Eiji Shimizu, H. Blair Simpson, Noam Soreni, Carles Soriano-Mas, Gianfranco Spalletta, Emily R. Stern, Michael C. Stevens, S. Evelyn Stewart, Philip R. Szeszko, David F. Tolin, Daan van Rooij, Dick J. Veltman, Ysbrand D. van der Werf, Guido A. van Wingen, Ganesan Venkatasubramanian, Susanne Walitza, Zhen Wang, Anri Watanabe, Lidewij H. Wolters, Xiufeng Xu, Je-Yeon Yun, Mojtaba Zarei, Fengrui Zhang, Qing Zhao, Neda Jahanshad, Sophia I. Thomopoulos, Paul M. Thompson, Dan J. Stein, Odile A. van den Heuvel, Joseph O'Neill, Sara Poletti, Egill Axfjord Fridgeirsson, Toshikazu Ikuta, Stella J. de Wit, Chris Vriend, Selina Kasprzak, Masaru Kuno, Jumpei Takahashi, Euripedes C. Miguel, Roseli G. Shavitt, Morgan Hough, Jose C. Pariente, Ana E. Ortiz, Sara Bertolín, Eva Real, Cinto Segalàs, Pedro Silva Moreira, Nuno Sousa, Jin Narumoto, Kei Yamada, Jinsong Tang, Jean-Paul Fouche, Taekwan Kim, Sunah Choi, Minji Ha, Sunghyun Park, Anatomy and neurosciences, Psychiatry, Amsterdam Neuroscience - Brain Imaging, Amsterdam Neuroscience - Mood, Anxiety, Psychosis, Stress & Sleep, Amsterdam Neuroscience - Compulsivity, Impulsivity & Attention, Amsterdam Neuroscience - Systems & Network Neuroscience, Amsterdam Neuroscience - Neurodegeneration, Adult Psychiatry, Child Psychiatry, Paediatric Psychosocial Care, Amsterdam Neuroscience - Cellular & Molecular Mechanisms, Graduate School, Ivanov, Iliyan, Boedhoe, Premika S W, Abe, Yoshinari, Alonso, Pino, Ameis, Stephanie H, Arnold, Paul D, Balachander, Sriniva, Baker, Justin T, Banaj, Nerisa, Bargalló, Nuria, Batistuzzo, Marcelo C, Benedetti, Francesco, Beucke, Jan C, Bollettini, Irene, Brem, Silvia, Brennan, Brian P, Buitelaar, Jan, Calvo, Rosa, Cheng, Yuqi, Cho, Kang Ik K, Dallaspezia, Sara, Denys, Damiaan, Diniz, Juliana B, Ely, Benjamin A, Feusner, Jamie D, Ferreira, Sónia, Fitzgerald, Kate D, Fontaine, Martine, Gruner, Patricia, Hanna, Gregory L, Hirano, Yoshiyuki, Hoexter, Marcelo Q, Huyser, Chaim, Ikari, Keisuke, James, Anthony, Jaspers-Fayer, Fern, Jiang, Hongyan, Kathmann, Norbert, Kaufmann, Christian, Kim, Minah, Koch, Kathrin, Kwon, Jun Soo, Lázaro, Luisa, Liu, Yanni, Lochner, Christine, Marsh, Rachel, Martínez-Zalacaín, Ignacio, Mataix-Cols, David, Menchón, José M, Minuzzi, Luciano, Morer, Astrid, Morgado, Pedro, Nakagawa, Akiko, Nakamae, Takashi, Nakao, Tomohiro, Narayanaswamy, Janardhanan C, Nurmi, Erika L, Oh, Sanghoon, Perriello, Chri, Piacentini, John C, Picó-Pérez, Maria, Piras, Fabrizio, Piras, Federica, Reddy, Y C Janardhan, Manrique, Daniela Rodriguez, Sakai, Yuki, Shimizu, Eiji, Simpson, H Blair, Soreni, Noam, Soriano-Mas, Carle, Spalletta, Gianfranco, Stern, Emily R, Stevens, Michael C, Stewart, S Evelyn, Szeszko, Philip R, Tolin, David F, van Rooij, Daan, Veltman, Dick J, van der Werf, Ysbrand D, van Wingen, Guido A, Venkatasubramanian, Ganesan, Walitza, Susanne, Wang, Zhen, Watanabe, Anri, Wolters, Lidewij H, Xu, Xiufeng, Yun, Je-Yeon, Zarei, Mojtaba, Zhang, Fengrui, Zhao, Qing, Jahanshad, Neda, Thomopoulos, Sophia I, Thompson, Paul M, Stein, Dan J, van den Heuvel, Odile A, and O'Neill, Joseph
Subjects: Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder, Neurodevelopmental disorders Donders Center for Medical Neuroscience [Radboudumc 7], OCD, Psychotropics, Longevity, SRIs, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Benzodiazepines, Psychiatry and Mental health, Clinical Psychology, Age, Cross-Sectional Studies, Subcortical volumes, 130 000 Cognitive Neurology & Memory, Child, Preschool, Serotonin Uptake Inhibitors, Humans, Child, Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors, Aged, Antipsychotic Agents
Abstract: Background: Widely used psychotropic medications for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) may change the volumes of subcortical brain structures, and differently in children vs. adults. We measured subcortical volumes cross-sectionally in patients finely stratified for age taking various common classes of OCD drugs. Methods: The ENIGMA-OCD consortium sample (1081 medicated/1159 unmedicated OCD patients and 2057 healthy controls aged 6–65) was divided into six successive 6–10-year age-groups. Individual structural MRIs were parcellated automatically using FreeSurfer into 8 regions-of-interest (ROIs). ROI volumes were compared between unmedicated and medicated patients and controls, and between patients taking serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SRIs), tricyclics (TCs), antipsychotics (APs), or benzodiazepines (BZs) and unmedicated patients. Results: Compared to unmedicated patients, volumes of accumbens, caudate, and/or putamen were lower in children aged 6–13 and adults aged 50–65 with OCD taking SRIs (Cohen's d = −0.24 to −0.74). Volumes of putamen, pallidum (d = 0.18–0.40), and ventricles (d = 0.31–0.66) were greater in patients aged 20–29 receiving APs. Hippocampal volumes were smaller in patients aged 20 and older taking TCs and/or BZs (d = −0.27 to −1.31). Conclusions: Results suggest that TCs and BZs could potentially aggravate hippocampal atrophy of normal aging in older adults with OCD, whereas SRIs may reduce striatal volumes in young children and older adults. Similar to patients with psychotic disorders, OCD patients aged 20–29 may experience subcortical nuclear and ventricular hypertrophy in relation to APs. Although cross-sectional, present results suggest that commonly prescribed agents exert macroscopic effects on subcortical nuclei of unknown relation to therapeutic response.
Published: 2022
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13. Greater male than female variability in regional brain structure across the lifespan

Author: Erick J. Canales-Rodríguez, Hans J. Grabe, Dirk J. Heslenfeld, Erik G. Jönsson, Oliver Gruber, Daniel Brandeis, Yang Wang, Henry Brodaty, Ruben C. Gur, Iris E. C. Sommer, Paul M. Thompson, Knut K. Kolskår, Christopher G. Davey, Dick J. Veltman, Eco J. C. de Geus, Tobias Banaschewski, Greig I. Zubicaray, Xavier Caseras, Sarah Baumeister, Raquel E. Gur, Vincent P. Clark, Maria J. Portella, Simon E. Fisher, Christopher R.K. Ching, Lars T. Westlye, Laura Koenders, Vince D. Calhoun, Carles Soriano-Mas, Nicholas G. Martin, Stefan Ehrlich, Fleur M. Howells, Catharina A. Hartman, Matthew D. Sacchet, Ole A. Andreassen, Josiane Bourque, Fabrice Crivello, Annette Conzelmann, Jaap Oosterlaan, Brenna C. McDonald, Gaelle E. Doucet, Avram J. Holmes, José M. Menchón, Danai Dima, Moji Aghajani, Joshua L. Roffman, Steven Williams, Lei Wang, David Mataix-Cols, Philip R. Szeszko, Bernd Weber, Tiril P. Gurholt, Sarah Hohmann, Ian H. Gotlib, Patricia Gruner, Anthony C. James, Paul Pauli, Lara M. Wierenga, Andrew M. McIntosh, Andrew J. Kalnin, Jim Lagopoulos, Henrik Walter, Andreas Reif, Andrew Simmons, Norbert Hosten, Pieter J. Hoekstra, Aristotle Voineskos, Alexander Tomyshev, Anton Albajes-Eizagirre, Jean-Paul Fouche, Dara M. Cannon, Ignacio Martínez‐Zalacaín, Geneviève Richard, Theophilus N. Akudjedu, David C. Glahn, Patricia J. Conrod, Ben J. Harrison, Alan Anticevic, Martine Hoogman, Francisco X. Castellanos, Bernd Kramer, Neda Jahanshad, Lieuwe de Haan, Dennis van der Meer, John D. West, Alan Breier, Jordan W. Smoller, P. G. P. Rosa, Katharina Wittfeld, Dan J. Stein, Jiyang Jiang, Jilly Naaijen, Christine Lochner, Dorret I. Boomsma, Alessandro Bertolino, Marise W. J. Machielsen, Hilleke E. Hulshoff Pol, Henry Völzke, Christian K. Tamnes, Ingrid Agartz, Georg C. Ziegler, Marieke Klein, Lars Nyberg, Perminder S. Sachdev, Philip Asherson, I.M. Veer, Sean N. Hatton, Núria Bargalló, Annabella Di Giorgio, Henk Temmingh, John A. Joska, Odile A. van den Heuvel, Wei Wen, Eveline A Crone, Kang Sim, Kathryn I. Alpert, Dennis van 't Ent, Jan K. Buitelaar, Joaquim Radua, Julian N. Trollor, B Mazoyer, Chaim Huyser, H. C. Whalley, Irina Lebedeva, Erin W. Dickie, Marcus Vinicus Zanetti, Stefan Borgwardt, Theodore D. Satterthwaite, Daniel H Wolf, Sophia I. Thomopoulos, Giulio Pergola, Luisa Lazaro, Ramona Baur-Streubel, Beathe Haatveit, Yannis Paloyelis, Ian B. Hickie, Jonna Kuntsi, Sophia Frangou, R. Salvador, Geraldo F. Busatto, Margaret J. Wright, Aurora Bonvino, Edith Pomarol-Clotet, Anouk den Braber, Lachlan T. Strike, Phil Lee, Anne Uhlmann, Yuliya N. Yoncheva, Mauricio H. Serpa, Dag Alnæs, Paola Fuentes-Claramonte, Katie L. McMahon, Andrew J. Saykin, Genevieve McPhilemy, Tiffany M. Chaim-Avancini, Sophie Maingault, Barbara Franke, Colm McDonald, Rachel M. Brouwer, Salvador Sarró, Department of Psychology, Education and Child Studies, Biological Psychology, APH - Mental Health, APH - Methodology, Complex Trait Genetics, Amsterdam Neuroscience - Complex Trait Genetics, AMS - Ageing & Vitality, AMS - Sports, APH - Personalized Medicine, Cognitive Psychology, Clinical Neuropsychology, IBBA, Karolinska Schizophrenia Project (KaSP) Consortium, Adult Psychiatry, ANS - Complex Trait Genetics, ANS - Mood, Anxiety, Psychosis, Stress & Sleep, Child Psychiatry, ANS - Cellular & Molecular Mechanisms, ANS - Amsterdam Neuroscience, General Paediatrics, ARD - Amsterdam Reproduction and Development, Interdisciplinary Centre Psychopathology and Emotion regulation (ICPE), Clinical Cognitive Neuropsychiatry Research Program (CCNP), Guided Treatment in Optimal Selected Cancer Patients (GUTS), Movement Disorder (MD), Psychiatrie & Neuropsychologie, RS: MHeNs - R2 - Mental Health, Psychiatry, Amsterdam Neuroscience - Mood, Anxiety, Psychosis, Stress & Sleep, Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience - Neurodegeneration, Anatomy and neurosciences, Amsterdam Neuroscience - Compulsivity, Impulsivity & Attention, Pediatric surgery, and Amsterdam Neuroscience - Brain Imaging
Subjects: Male, Netherlands Twin Register (NTR), SEGMENTATION, Vulnerability, Disease, HM, 0302 clinical medicine, Anàlisi de variància, 130 000 Cognitive Neurology & Memory, diagnostic imaging [Cerebral Cortex], sexual characteristics, Analysis of variance, nuclear magnetic resonance imaging, Cervell, Research Articles, Cerebral Cortex, Sex Characteristics, Radiological and Ultrasound Technology, 05 social sciences, Brain, clinical trial, Brain Structure, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Early life, Adolescence, medicine.anatomical_structure, Neurology, Cerebral cortex, Healthy individuals, X-CHROMOSOME, anatomy & histology [Cerebral Cortex], Evolution of the brain, Female, Anatomy, Neurovetenskaper, Research Article, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Medical Imaging, Neuroinformatics, SEX-DIFFERENCES, diagnostic imaging, brain, Human Development, BF, Neuroimaging, SURFACE-AREA, Evolució del cervell, Regional area, Biology, MULTISAMPLE, 050105 experimental psychology, brain cortex, 03 medical and health sciences, CEREBRAL-CORTEX, Sex differences, medicine, Humans, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, human, ddc:610, Cortical surface, GENERAL INTELLIGENCE, diagnostic imaging [Brain], METAANALYSIS, biological variation, HUMAN HIPPOCAMPUS, Neurodevelopmental disorders Donders Center for Medical Neuroscience [Radboudumc 7], physiology [Biological Variation, Population], Neurosciences, Gender, Brain Cortical Thickness, multicenter study, Biological Variation, Population, Diferències entre sexes, physiology, RC0321, Radiologi och bildbehandling, Neurology (clinical), anatomy & histology [Brain], 170 000 Motivational & Cognitive Control, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, anatomy and histology, meta analysis, physiology [Human Development], Demography
Abstract: Contains fulltext : 248376.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access) For many traits, males show greater variability than females, with possible implications for understanding sex differences in health and disease. Here, the ENIGMA (Enhancing Neuro Imaging Genetics through Meta-Analysis) Consortium presents the largest-ever mega-analysis of sex differences in variability of brain structure, based on international data spanning nine decades of life. Subcortical volumes, cortical surface area and cortical thickness were assessed in MRI data of 16,683 healthy individuals 1-90 years old (47% females). We observed significant patterns of greater male than female between-subject variance for all subcortical volumetric measures, all cortical surface area measures, and 60% of cortical thickness measures. This pattern was stable across the lifespan for 50% of the subcortical structures, 70% of the regional area measures, and nearly all regions for thickness. Our findings that these sex differences are present in childhood implicate early life genetic or gene-environment interaction mechanisms. The findings highlight the importance of individual differences within the sexes, that may underpin sex-specific vulnerability to disorders.
Published: 2022
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14. Cortical thickness across the lifespan

Author: Simon E. Fisher, Eveline A. Crone, Dominik Grotegerd, Jilly Naaijen, Anders M. Dale, Sean N. Hatton, Ramona Baur-Streubel, Anthony A. James, Daniel Brandeis, Andrew J. Kalnin, Andreas Reif, Hans-Jörgen Grabe, Pieter J. Hoekstra, Lars Nyberg, Fleur M. Howells, Moji Aghajani, Randy L. Buckner, Daniel A. Rinker, Steven G. Potkin, Dennis van 't Ent, Rachel M. Brouwer, Sophia Frangou, Yang Wang, Nhat Trung Doan, Theodore D. Satterthwaite, Christine Lochner, Geraldo F. Busatto, Lars T. Westlye, Lara M. Wierenga, Calhoun Vd, Henry Brodaty, Carles Soriano-Mas, Annette Conzelmann, Christian K. Tamnes, Julian N. Trollor, Nicholas G. Martin, Neeltje E.M. van Haren, René S. Kahn, Irina Lebedeva, Philip Asherson, Suzanne C. Swagerman, John A. Joska, Theophilus N. Akudjedu, Kang Sim, Lachlan T. Strike, Patricia Gruner, Brenna C. McDonald, Thomas Frodl, Edith Pomarol-Clotet, Víctor Ortiz-García de la Foz, Margaret J. Wright, Norbert Hosten, Jean-Paul Fouche, Bernd Weber, Salvador Sarró, Wei Wen, Dag Alnæs, Greig I. de Zubicaray, Iris E. C. Sommer, Marise W. J. Machielsen, Knut Schnell, Dara M. Cannon, Paola Fuentes-Claramonte, Josiane Bourque, Andreas Meyer-Lindenberg, Anton Albajes-Eizagirre, Sarah Hohmann, Erin W. Dickie, Theo G.M. van Erp, Micael Andersson, Paul Pauli, Thomas Espeseth, Heather C. Whalley, Victoria Chubar, Ruben C. Gur, Tomohiro Nakao, Xavier Caseras, Alessandro Bertolino, Ignacio Martínez-Zalacaín, Katharina Wittfeld, Erick J. Canales-Rodríguez, David C. Glahn, Neda Jahanshad, Jiyang Jiang, Katie L. McMahon, Stefan Borgwardt, Erlend S. Dørum, Jaap Oosterlaan, Won Hee Lee, Alan Breier, Steven Williams, Aristotle N. Voineskos, Bernard Mazoyer, Jordan W. Smoller, Nancy C. Andreasen, Ilya M. Veer, Tiffany M. Chaim-Avancini, Sophie Maingault, Paul M. Thompson, Eco J. C. de Geus, Luisa Lázaro, Giulio Pergola, Efstathios Papachristou, Beng-Choon Ho, David Mataix-Cols, Esther Walton, Ben J. Harrison, Dirk J. Heslenfeld, Pablo Najt, Helena Fatouros-Bergman, Derrek P. Hibar, Gunter Schumann, Raymond Salvador, Lieuwe de Haan, Henry Völzke, Joaquim Radua, Henk Temmingh, Lianne Schmaal, Martine Hoogman, Daniel H. Wolf, Georg C. Ziegler, Marieke Klein, Barbara Franke, Erik G. Jönsson, Laura Koenders, Stefan Ehrlich, Oliver Gruber, Ingrid Agartz, Kun Yang, Ryota Kanai, Sarah Baumeister, Colm McDonald, Annabella Di Giorgio, Amanda Worker, Anne Uhlmann, Marcus V. Zanetti, Danai Dima, Matthew D. Sacchet, Sarah E. Medland, Aurora Bonvino, Benedicto Crespo-Facorro, Jan Egil Nordvik, Joshua L. Roffman, Yannis Paloyelis, Jessica A. Turner, T. P. Klyushnik, Christopher G. Davey, Rachel E. Gur, Ian B. Hickie, Christopher R.K. Ching, Jonna Kuntsi, Tobias Banaschewski, Chaim Huyser, Amirhossein Modabbernia, John D. West, Fabrice Crivello, Núria Bargalló, Patricia J. Conrod, Nic J.A. van der Wee, Mauricio H. Serpa, Thomas H. Wassink, Kathryn I. Alpert, Dick J. Veltman, Andrew J. Saykin, Genevieve McPhilemy, Perminder S. Sachdev, Vincent P. Clark, Ian H. Gotlib, Susanne Erk, Henrik Walter, Dennis van den Meer, Simon Cervenka, Oliver Grimm, Andrew M. McIntosh, Alexander Tomyshev, Francisco X. Castellanos, Bernd Kramer, Klaus-Peter Lesch, Odile A. van den Heuvel, Sophia I. Thomopoulos, Diana Tordesillas-Gutiérrez, Terry L. Jernigan, Yulyia Yoncheva, Anouk den Braber, Jim Lagopoulos, Maria J. Portella, Ole A. Andreassen, Gaelle E. Doucet, Avram J. Holmes, Nynke A. Groenewold, Pedro G.P. Rosa, Hilleke E. Hulshoff Pol, Sanne Koops, José M. Menchón, Jan K. Buitelaar, Dan J. Stein, Dorret I. Boomsma, Lei Wang, C.A. Hartman, Pascual Sánchez-Juan, Andreas Heinz, European Commission, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (US), QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute (Australia), University of Queensland, National Cancer Institute (US), Dutch Research Council, Netherlands Organisation for Health Research and Development, National Institute of Mental Health (US), European Research Council, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (US), Medical Research Council (UK), Fundación Marques de Valdecilla, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Swedish Research Council, South-Eastern Norway Regional Health Authority, Research Council of Norway, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, NHS Foundation Trust, National Institute for Health Research (UK), Clinical Cognitive Neuropsychiatry Research Program (CCNP), Movement Disorder (MD), Developmental Neuroscience in Society, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry / Psychology, Adult Psychiatry, APH - Mental Health, ANS - Complex Trait Genetics, ANS - Mood, Anxiety, Psychosis, Stress & Sleep, Child Psychiatry, ANS - Cellular & Molecular Mechanisms, General Paediatrics, ARD - Amsterdam Reproduction and Development, Karolinska Schizophrenia Project (KaSP), Ontwikkelingspsychologie (Psychologie, FMG), Psychiatry, Amsterdam Neuroscience - Mood, Anxiety, Psychosis, Stress & Sleep, Epidemiology and Data Science, Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience - Neurodegeneration, Pediatric surgery, Anatomy and neurosciences, Amsterdam Neuroscience - Compulsivity, Impulsivity & Attention, Amsterdam Neuroscience - Brain Imaging, RS: MHeNs - R2 - Mental Health, Psychiatrie & Neuropsychologie, Biological Psychology, APH - Methodology, Complex Trait Genetics, Amsterdam Neuroscience - Complex Trait Genetics, Educational and Family Studies, Cognitive Psychology, IBBA, Clinical Neuropsychology, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, and APH - Personalized Medicine
Subjects: Male, Aging, Neurologi, Audiology, Trajectories, 0302 clinical medicine, 130 000 Cognitive Neurology & Memory, diagnostic imaging [Cerebral Cortex], Child, Research Articles, Cerebral Cortex, Psychiatry, Aged, 80 and over, Radiological and Ultrasound Technology, Fractional polynomial, 05 social sciences, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging, 1. No poverty, Cognition, Middle Aged, Cerebral cortex, Regression, 3. Good health, Escorça cerebral, Neurology, Radiology Nuclear Medicine and imaging, Healthy individuals, Child, Preschool, anatomy & histology [Cerebral Cortex], Female, Analysis of variance, Anatomy, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, Trajectorie, Research Article, Neuroinformatics, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, Human Development, Clinical Neurology, BF, Neuroimaging, Biology, Development, 050105 experimental psychology, Psykiatri, Cortical thickness, 03 medical and health sciences, Young Adult, Neuroimaging genetics, Envelliment, medicine, Humans, trajectories, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, ddc:610, development, Aged, Neurodevelopmental disorders Donders Center for Medical Neuroscience [Radboudumc 7], Science & Technology, Brain morphometry, aging, Neurosciences, cortical thickness, Cross-Sectional Studies, RC0321, Neurology (clinical), Neurosciences & Neurology, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, physiology [Human Development]
Abstract: Special Issue: The ENIGMA Consortium: the first 10 years., Delineating the association of age and cortical thickness in healthy individuals is critical given the association of cortical thickness with cognition and behavior. Previous research has shown that robust estimates of the association between age and brain morphometry require large-scale studies. In response, we used cross-sectional data from 17,075 individuals aged 3–90 years from the Enhancing Neuroimaging Genetics through Meta-Analysis (ENIGMA) Consortium to infer age-related changes in cortical thickness. We used fractional polynomial (FP) regression to quantify the association between age and cortical thickness, and we computed normalized growth centiles using the parametric Lambda, Mu, and Sigma method. Interindividual variability was estimated using meta-analysis and one-way analysis of variance. For most regions, their highest cortical thickness value was observed in childhood. Age and cortical thickness showed a negative association; the slope was steeper up to the third decade of life and more gradual thereafter; notable exceptions to this general pattern were entorhinal, temporopolar, and anterior cingulate cortices. Interindividual variability was largest in temporal and frontal regions across the lifespan. Age and its FP combinations explained up to 59% variance in cortical thickness. These results may form the basis of further investigation on normative deviation in cortical thickness and its significance for behavioral and cognitive outcomes., European Community's Seventh Framework Programme, Grant/Award Numbers: 278948, 602450, 603016, 602805; US National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Grant/Award Numbers: RO1HD050735, 1009064, 496682; QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute and the Centre for Advanced Imaging, University of Queensland; ICTSI NIH/NCRR, Grant/Award Number: RR025761; European Community's Horizon 2020 Programme, Grant/Award Numbers: 667302, 643051; Vici Innovation Program, Grant/Award Numbers: #91619115, 016-130-669; NWO Brain & Cognition Excellence Program, Grant/Award Number: 433-09-229; Biobanking and Biomolecular Resources Research Infrastructure (Netherlands) (BBMRI-NL); Spinozapremie, Grant/Award Number: NWO-56-464-14192; Biobanking and Biomolecular Resources Research Infrastructure, Grant/Award Numbers: 184.033.111, 184.021.007; Netherlands Organization for Health Research and Development (ZonMW), Grant/Award Numbers: 480-15-001/674, 024.001.003, 911-09-032, 056-32-010, 481-08-011, 016-115-035, 31160008, 400-07-080, 400-05-717, 451-04-034, 463-06-001, 480-04-004, 904-61-193, 912-10-020, 985-10-002, 904-61-090; NIMH, Grant/Award Number: R01 MH090553; Geestkracht programme of the Dutch Health Research Council, Grant/Award Number: 10-000-1001; FP7 Ideas: European Research Council; Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek, Grant/Award Numbers: NWO/SPI 56-464-14192, NWO-MagW 480-04-004, 433-09-220, NWO 51.02.062, NWO 51.02.061; National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Grant/Award Number: UL1 TR000153; National Center for Research Resources; National Center for Research Resources at the National Institutes of Health, Grant/Award Numbers: NIH 1U24 RR025736-01, NIH 1U24 RR021992; NIH Institutes contributing to the Big Data to Knowledge; U.S. National Institutes of Health, Grant/Award Numbers: R01 CA101318, P30 AG10133, R01 AG19771; Medical Research Council, Grant/Award Numbers: U54EB020403, G0500092; National Institute of Mental Health, Grant/Award Numbers: R01MH117014, R01MH042191; Fundación Instituto de Investigación Marqués de Valdecilla, Grant/Award Numbers: API07/011, NCT02534363, NCT0235832; Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Grant/Award Numbers: PI14/00918, PI14/00639, PI060507, PI050427, PI020499; Swedish Research Council, Grant/Award Numbers: 523-2014-3467, 2017-00949, 521-2014-3487; South-Eastern Norway Health Authority; the Research Council of Norway, Grant/Award Number: 223273; South Eastern Norway Regional Health Authority, Grant/Award Numbers: 2017-112, 2019107; Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai; Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013), Grant/Award Number: 602450; National Institutes of Health, Grant/Award Numbers: R01 MH116147, R01 MH113619, R01 MH104284; South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust; the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR)
Published: 2022
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15. The functional connectome in obsessive-compulsive disorder: resting-state mega-analysis and machine learning classification for the ENIGMA-OCD consortium

Author: Willem B. Bruin, Yoshinari Abe, Pino Alonso, Alan Anticevic, Srinivas Balachander, Nuria Bargallo, Marcelo Camargo Batistuzzo, Francesco Benedetti, Sara Bertolín, Silvia Brem, Federico Calesella, beatriz couto, Damiaan Denys, Marco A.N. Echevarria, Goi Khia Eng, Sónia Ferreira, Jamie Feusner, Rachael Grazioplene, Patricia Gruner, Joyce Y. Guo, Kristen Hagen, Bjarne Hansen, Yoshiyuki Hirano, Marcelo Queiroz Hoexter, Neda Jahanshad, Fern Jaspers-Fayer, Selina Kasprzak, Minah Kim, kathrin koch, Yoo Bin Kwak, Jun Soo Kwon, Luisa Lazaro, Chiang-Shan R. Li, Christine Lochner, Rachel Marsh, Ignacio Martínez-Zalacaín, Jose M. Menchon, Pedro Silva Moreira, Pedro Morgado, Akiko Nakagawa, Tomohiro Nakao, Janardhanan C. Narayanaswamy, Erika L. Nurmi, Jose C. Pariente Zorrilla, John Piacentini, Maria Picó-Pérez, Federica Piras, Fabrizio Piras, Christopher Pittenger, Janardhan Y.C. Reddy, Daniela Rodriguez-Manrique, Yuki Sakai, Eiji Shimizu, Venkataram Shivakumar, Blair H. Simpson, Carles Soriano-Mas, Nuno Sousa, Gianfranco Spalletta, Emily R. Stern, S. Evelyn Stewart, Philip R. Szeszko, Jinsong Tang, Sophia I Thomopoulos, Anders Lillevik Thorsen, Yoshida Tokiko, Hirofumi Tomiyama, Benedetta Vai, Ilya Veer, Venkatasubramanian G, Nora C. Vetter, Chris Vriend, Susanne Walitza, Lea Waller, Zhen Wang, Anri Watanabe, Nicole Wolff, Je-Yeon Yun, Qing Zhao, Wieke A. van Leeuwen, Hein J.F. van Marle, Laurens A. van de Mortel, Anouk van der Straten, Ysbrand van der Werf, Paul Thompson, Dan J. Stein, Odile A. van den Heuvel, and Guido van Wingen
Abstract: Current knowledge about functional connectivity in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is based on small-scale studies, limiting the generalizability of results. Moreover, the majority of studies have focused only on predefined regions or functional networks rather than connectivity throughout the entire brain. Here, we investigated differences in resting-state functional connectivity between OCD patients and healthy controls (HC) using mega-analysis of data from 1,024 OCD patients and 1,028 HC from 28 independent samples of the ENIGMA-OCD consortium. We assessed group differences in whole-brain functional connectivity at both the regional and network level, and investigated whether functional connectivity could serve as biomarker to identify patient status at the individual level using machine learning analysis. The mega-analyses revealed widespread abnormalities in functional connectivity in OCD, with global hypo-connectivity (Cohen’s d: -0.27 to -0.13) and few hyper-connections, mainly with the thalamus (Cohen’s d: 0.19 to 0.22). Most hypo-connections were located within the sensorimotor network and no fronto-striatal abnormalities were found. Overall, classification performances were poor, with area-under-the-receiver-operating-characteristic curve (AUC) scores ranging between 0.567 and 0.673, with better classification for medicated (AUC=0.702) than unmedicated (AUC=0.608) patients versus healthy controls. These findings provide partial support for existing pathophysiological models of OCD and highlight the important role of the sensorimotor network in OCD. However, resting-state connectivity does not so far provide an accurate biomarker for identifying patients at the individual level.
Published: 2022
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16. Brain Functional Connectivity Correlates of Subclinical Obsessive-Compulsive Symptoms in Healthy Children

Author: Maria Suñol, Jordi Sunyer, Jesús Pujol, Gerard Martínez-Vilavella, Ignacio Martínez-Zalacaín, O. Contreras-Rodríguez, José M. Menchón, Carles Soriano-Mas, Dídac Macià, and Cristina Saiz-Masvidal
Subjects: Male, Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder, medicine.medical_specialty, Audiology, Age and sex, Article, Neural Pathways, Developmental and Educational Psychology, medicine, Humans, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Child, Subclinical infection, Brain Mapping, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Functional connectivity, Putamen, 05 social sciences, Confounding, Brain, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Obsessive compulsive symptoms, Psychiatry and Mental health, nervous system, Female, Functional magnetic resonance imaging, Large group, business, 050104 developmental & child psychology
Abstract: Objective Commonly observed subclinical obsessive-compulsive symptoms in healthy children may predispose to obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Therefore, investigating the underlying neurobiology may be relevant to identify alterations in specific brain circuits potentially accounting for clinical heterogeneity in OCD without the confounding effects of clinical samples. We analyzed the brain correlates of different obsessive-compulsive symptoms in a large group of healthy children using functional connectivity measures. Method We evaluated 227 healthy children (52% girls; mean [SD] age 9.71 [0.86] years; range, 8–12.1 years). Participants underwent clinical assessment with the Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory–Child Version and a resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging examination. Total and symptom-specific severity were correlated with voxelwise global functional connectivity degree values. Significant clusters were then used as seeds of interest in seed-to-voxel analyses. Modulating effects of age and sex were also assessed. Results Global functional connectivity of the left ventral putamen and medial dorsal thalamus correlated negatively with total obsessive-compulsive symptom severity. Seed-to-voxel analyses revealed specific negative correlations from these clusters with limbic, sensorimotor, and insular regions in association with obsessing, ordering, and doubt-checking symptoms, respectively. Hoarding symptoms were associated with negative correlations between the left medial dorsal thalamus and a widespread pattern of regions, with such associations modulated by sex and age. Conclusion Our findings concur with prevailing neurobiological models of OCD on the importance of cortico-striato-thalamo-cortical dysfunction to account for symptom severity. Notably, we showed that changes in cortico-striato-thalamo-cortical connectivity are present at subclinical stages, which may result in an increased vulnerability for OCD. Moreover, we mapped different symptom dimensions onto specific cortico-striato-thalamo-cortical circuit attributes.
Published: 2021
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17. Neurogenetics of Dynamic Connectivity Patterns Associated With Obsessive-Compulsive Symptoms in Healthy Children

Author: Jorge Sepulcre, Jesús Pujol, Dídac Macià, Oren Contreras-Rodríguez, Gerard Martínez-Vilavella, Mariona Bustamante, Jordi Sunyer, Carles Soriano-Mas, Ignacio Martínez-Zalacaín, Berta Laudo, Ibai Diez, Silvia Alemany, Maria Suñol, and José M. Menchón
Subjects: 0303 health sciences, Putamen, Brain regional gene expression, Neurogenetics, Hippocampus, Posterior parietal cortex, Cognition, Single-nucleotide polymorphism, General Medicine, Biology, Subclinical symptoms, Dynamic functional connectivity, 03 medical and health sciences, Glutamatergic, 0302 clinical medicine, Obsessive-compulsive disorder, Symptom heterogeneity, Neuroscience, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, 030304 developmental biology
Abstract: Obsessive-compulsive symptoms (OCSs) during childhood predispose to obsessive-compulsive disorder and have been associated with changes in brain circuits altered in obsessive-compulsive disorder samples. OCSs may arise from disturbed glutamatergic neurotransmission, impairing cognitive oscillations and promoting overstable functional states. A total of 227 healthy children completed the Obsessive Compulsive Inventory-Child Version and underwent a resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging examination. Genome-wide data were obtained from 149 of them. We used a graph theory-based approach and characterized associations between OCSs and dynamic functional connectivity (dFC). dFC evaluates fluctuations over time in FC between brain regions, which allows characterizing regions with stable connectivity patterns (attractors). We then compared the spatial similarity between OCS-dFC correlation maps and mappings of genetic expression across brain regions to identify genes potentially associated with connectivity changes. In post hoc analyses, we investigated which specific single nucleotide polymorphisms of these genes moderated the association between OCSs and patterns of dFC. OCSs correlated with decreased attractor properties in the left ventral putamen and increased attractor properties in (pre)motor areas and the left hippocampus. At the specific symptom level, increased attractor properties in the right superior parietal cortex correlated with ordering symptoms. In the hippocampus, we identified two single nucleotide polymorphisms in glutamatergic neurotransmission genes (GRM7, GNAQ) that moderated the association between OCSs and attractor features. We provide evidence that in healthy children, the association between dFC changes and OCSs may be mapped onto brain circuits predicted by prevailing neurobiological models of obsessive-compulsive disorder. Moreover, our findings support the involvement of glutamatergic neurotransmission in such brain network changes.
Published: 2021

18. Is glutamate associated with fear extinction and cognitive behavior therapy outcome in OCD? A pilot study

Author: Ignacio Martínez-Zalacaín, Miquel A. Fullana, Lawrence S. Kegeles, José M. Menchón, Jodi J. Weinstein, Carles Soriano-Mas, Marta Cano, Xiaoyan Xu, Cinto Segalàs, Eva Real, Mónica Giménez, Narcís Cardoner, Josep Munuera, and Pino Alonso
Subjects: Adult, Male, Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder, Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, medicine.medical_treatment, Ventromedial prefrontal cortex, Glutamic Acid, Prefrontal Cortex, Pilot Projects, Ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC), Severity of Illness Index, behavioral disciplines and activities, Extinction, Psychological, Young Adult, 03 medical and health sciences, Obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD), 0302 clinical medicine, Outcome Assessment, Health Care, mental disorders, medicine, Humans, Pharmacology (medical), Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), Biological Psychiatry, Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Recall, business.industry, Glutamate receptor, Cognition, Fear, Galvanic Skin Response, General Medicine, Extinction (psychology), Middle Aged, medicine.disease, humanities, 030227 psychiatry, Exposure and response prevention, Cognitive behavioral therapy, Psychiatry and Mental health, Fear extinction, medicine.anatomical_structure, Female, Glutamate, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Clinical psychology
Abstract: Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) including exposure and response prevention is a well-established treatment for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and is based on the principles of fear extinction. Fear extinction is linked to structural and functional variability in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) and has been consistently associated with glutamate neurotransmission. The relationship between vmPFC glutamate and fear extinction and its effects on CBT outcome have not yet been explored in adults with OCD. We assessed glutamate levels in the vmPFC using 3T magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and fear extinction (learning and recall) using skin conductance responses during a 2-day experimental paradigm in OCD patients (n = 17) and in healthy controls (HC; n = 13). Obsessive-compulsive patients (n = 12) then received manualized CBT. Glutamate in the vmPFC was negatively associated with fear extinction recall and positively associated with CBT outcome (with higher glutamate levels predicting a better outcome) in OCD patients. Glutamate levels in the vmPFC in OCD patients were not significantly different from those in HC, and were not associated with OCD severity. Our results suggest that glutamate in the vmPFC is associated with fear extinction recall and CBT outcome in adult OCD patients.
Published: 2019
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19. Subcortical volumes across the lifespan: Data from 18,605 healthy individuals aged 3-90 years

Author: Tiffany M. Chaim-Avancini, Suzanne C. Swagerman, Sophie Maingault, Mauricio H. Serpa, Kang Sim, Patricia Gruner, Dara M. Cannon, Esther Walton, Gunter Schumann, Christopher R.K. Ching, Simon E. Fisher, Tomohiro Nakao, Nhat Trung Doan, Sophia I. Thomopoulos, Diana Tordesillas-Gutiérrez, Ilya M. Veer, Lieuwe de Haan, Paul Pauli, Derrek P. Hibar, Kun Yang, Dan J. Stein, Dominik Grotegerd, Víctor Ortiz-García de la Foz, Daniel Brandeis, Sarah Baumeister, Xavier Caseras, Fabrice Crivello, Vincent P. Clark, Maria J. Portella, Salvador Sarró, Dorret I. Boomsma, Henry Völzke, Daniel H. Wolf, Lianne Schmaal, Yannis Paloyelis, Barbara Franke, Matthew D. Sacchet, Anne Uhlmann, Yulyia Yoncheva, Ole A. Andreassen, Erick J. Canales-Rodríguez, Ingrid Agartz, Anouk den Braber, Colm McDonald, Edith Pomarol-Clotet, Anders M. Dale, Calhoun Vd, David Mataix-Cols, Ignacio Martínez-Zalacaín, Joshua L. Roffman, Andrew J. Kalnin, Anton Albajes-Eizagirre, Andreas Reif, Won Hee Lee, Gaelle E. Doucet, Hans-Jörgen Grabe, Pieter J. Hoekstra, Avram J. Holmes, Theophilus N. Akudjedu, Ian H. Gotlib, Fleur M. Howells, Andrew J. Saykin, Genevieve McPhilemy, Moji Aghajani, David C. Glahn, Rachel M. Brouwer, Núria Bargalló, Knut Schnell, Katharina Wittfeld, Thomas Frodl, Josiane Bourque, Ryota Kanai, Raymond Salvador, Sean N. Hatton, Terry L. Jernigan, Helena Fatouros-Bergman, Oliver Grimm, Marise W. J. Machielsen, Victoria Chubar, Henk Temmingh, Andrew M. McIntosh, Georg C. Ziegler, Marieke Klein, T. P. Klyushnik, Iris E. C. Sommer, Heather C. Whalley, Rachel E. Gur, Alan Breier, Jordan W. Smoller, Kathryn I. Alpert, Dick J. Veltman, Neda Jahanshad, Sophia Frangou, Jiyang Jiang, Jessica A. Turner, Eveline A. Crone, Thomas Espeseth, Alexander Tomyshev, Christine Lochner, Anthony A. James, Aristotle N. Voineskos, Julian N. Trollor, Efstathios Papachristou, Beng-Choon Ho, Pablo Najt, Christian K. Tamnes, Geraldo F. Busatto, Stefan Borgwardt, Andreas Meyer-Lindenberg, Philip Asherson, Francisco X. Castellanos, Bernd Kramer, Jim Lagopoulos, Marcus V. Zanetti, Joaquim Radua, John A. Joska, Giulio Pergola, Nynke A. Groenewold, Erlend S. Dørum, Henrik Walter, Jan Egil Nordvik, Alessandro Bertolino, Wei Wen, Klaus-Peter Lesch, Ian B. Hickie, Pedro G.P. Rosa, Randy L. Buckner, Daniel A. Rinker, Hilleke E. Hulshoff Pol, Steven G. Potkin, Odile A. van den Heuvel, Nancy C. Andreasen, Sanne Koops, Amanda Worker, Susanne Erk, Lei Wang, Norbert Hosten, Jean-Paul Fouche, Dennis van 't Ent, Jonna Kuntsi, Dennis van den Meer, Simon Cervenka, C.A. Hartman, Nicholas G. Martin, Carles Soriano-Mas, Neeltje E.M. van Haren, Pascual Sánchez-Juan, Andreas Heinz, Brenna C. McDonald, Thomas H. Wassink, José M. Menchón, Katie L. McMahon, Jan K. Buitelaar, Sarah E. Medland, Aurora Bonvino, Patricia J. Conrod, Nic J.A. van der Wee, Paul M. Thompson, Micael Andersson, Perminder S. Sachdev, Lars Nyberg, Eco J. C. de Geus, Ramona Baur-Streubel, Lachlan T. Strike, Dag Alnæs, Paola Fuentes-Claramonte, Ben J. Harrison, Martine Hoogman, Lars T. Westlye, Annette Conzelmann, Annabella Di Giorgio, Benedicto Crespo-Facorro, Sarah Hohmann, Jilly Naaijen, Yang Wang, Henry Brodaty, Greig I. de Zubicaray, Laura Koenders, Ruben C. Gur, Stefan Ehrlich, Danai Dima, Christopher G. Davey, Tobias Banaschewski, Amirhossein Modabbernia, Dirk J. Heslenfeld, Erik G. Jönsson, Oliver Gruber, Theodore D. Satterthwaite, René S. Kahn, Margaret J. Wright, Jaap Oosterlaan, Steven Williams, Bernard Mazoyer, Lara M. Wierenga, Bernd Weber, Luisa Lázaro, Irina Lebedeva, Erin W. Dickie, Chaim Huyser, John D. West, Theo G.M. van Erp, National Institute of Mental Health (US), Karolinska Institute, Stockholm County Council, South-Eastern Norway Regional Health Authority, German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Siemens Healthcare, University of Queensland, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (US), National Health and Medical Research Council (Australia), National Institute on Drug Abuse (US), Indiana State Department of Health, Parents of children with epilepsy, Epilepsy Therapy Project, Fight Against Childhood Epilepsy and Seizures, Epilepsy Foundation, American Epilepsy Society, Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation, European Commission, Dutch Research Council, Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research, Netherlands Brain Foundation, Utrecht University, European Research Council, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (US), National Institutes of Health (US), National Center for Research Resources (US), Fundación Marques de Valdecilla, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Swedish Research Council, Kings College London, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre (UK), National Institute for Health Research (UK), RS: MHeNs - R2 - Mental Health, Psychiatrie & Neuropsychologie, Karolinska Schizophrenia Project (KaSP), Biological Psychology, APH - Mental Health, APH - Methodology, Complex Trait Genetics, Amsterdam Neuroscience - Complex Trait Genetics, Educational and Family Studies, Cognitive Psychology, IBBA, Clinical Neuropsychology, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, APH - Personalized Medicine, Developmental Neuroscience in Society, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry / Psychology, Adult Psychiatry, ANS - Complex Trait Genetics, ANS - Mood, Anxiety, Psychosis, Stress & Sleep, Child Psychiatry, ANS - Cellular & Molecular Mechanisms, General Paediatrics, ARD - Amsterdam Reproduction and Development, Clinical Cognitive Neuropsychiatry Research Program (CCNP), Movement Disorder (MD), Psychiatry, Amsterdam Neuroscience - Mood, Anxiety, Psychosis, Stress & Sleep, Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience - Neurodegeneration, Pediatric surgery, Anatomy and neurosciences, Amsterdam Neuroscience - Compulsivity, Impulsivity & Attention, and Amsterdam Neuroscience - Brain Imaging
Subjects: Male, diagnostic imaging [Corpus Striatum], Physiology, Hippocampus, Edat, Morfologia (Biologia), Lateral ventricles, anatomy & histology [Corpus Striatum], 0302 clinical medicine, Thalamus, 130 000 Cognitive Neurology & Memory, Basal ganglia, diagnostic imaging [Amygdala], Child, Cervell, Research Articles, diagnostic imaging [Hippocampus], Aged, 80 and over, Radiological and Ultrasound Technology, Putamen, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging, 05 social sciences, ENIGMA, Multisi, Brain, Middle Aged, Amygdala, 3. Good health, Neurology, Child, Preschool, Brain size, Female, Anatomy, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, Neurovetenskaper, Research Article, Neuroinformatics, Adult, Adolescent, anatomy & histology [Hippocampus], Human Development, multisite, BF, Neuroimaging, Nucleus accumbens, Biology, Brain morphometry, Morphology (Biology), 050105 experimental psychology, Young Adult, 03 medical and health sciences, Age, Longitudinal trajectories, brain morphometry, Humans, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, ddc:610, anatomy & histology [Thalamus], Aged, diagnostic imaging [Thalamus], Neurodevelopmental disorders Donders Center for Medical Neuroscience [Radboudumc 7], Science & Technology, Neurosciences, Corpus Striatum, nervous system, anatomy & histology [Amygdala], RC0321, Neurosciences & Neurology, longitudinal trajectories, Neurology (clinical), 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, physiology [Human Development]
Abstract: Special Issue: The ENIGMA Consortium: the first 10 years.-- Karolinska Schizophrenia Project (KaSP)., Age has a major effect on brain volume. However, the normative studies available are constrained by small sample sizes, restricted age coverage and significant methodological variability. These limitations introduce inconsistencies and may obscure or distort the lifespan trajectories of brain morphometry. In response, we capitalized on the resources of the Enhancing Neuroimaging Genetics through Meta-Analysis (ENIGMA) Consortium to examine age-related trajectories inferred from cross-sectional measures of the ventricles, the basal ganglia (caudate, putamen, pallidum, and nucleus accumbens), the thalamus, hippocampus and amygdala using magnetic resonance imaging data obtained from 18,605 individuals aged 3–90 years. All subcortical structure volumes were at their maximum value early in life. The volume of the basal ganglia showed a monotonic negative association with age thereafter; there was no significant association between age and the volumes of the thalamus, amygdala and the hippocampus (with some degree of decline in thalamus) until the sixth decade of life after which they also showed a steep negative association with age. The lateral ventricles showed continuous enlargement throughout the lifespan. Age was positively associated with inter-individual variability in the hippocampus and amygdala and the lateral ventricles. These results were robust to potential confounders and could be used to examine the functional significance of deviations from typical age-related morphometric patterns., National Institute of Mental Health, Grant/Award Numbers: MH104284, MH116147, R01MH113619, R01 MH090553, R01MH117014, R01MH042191; Karolinska Institutet; Stockholm County Council; Southern and Eastern Norway Regional Health Authority; German Centre for Cardiovascular Research; DZHK; Siemens Healthineers; University of Queensland; US National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Grant/Award Number: RO1HD050735; Australian National Health and Medical Research Council; Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health & Human Development; National Institute on Drug Abuse, Grant/Award Numbers: UL1 TR000153, 1 U24 RR025736-01, 1 U24 RR021992; Brain Injury Fund Research Grant Program; Indiana State Department of Health Spinal Cord; Parents Against Childhood Epilepsy; Epilepsy Therapy Project, Fight Against Childhood Epilepsy and Seizures; Epilepsy Foundation; American Epilepsy Society; Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation; European Community's Horizon 2020 Programme; Vici Innovation Program; NWO Brain & Cognition Excellence Program; Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research; Hersenstichting Nederland; Netherlands Organization for Health Research and Development; Geestkracht Programme of the Dutch Health Research Council, Grant/Award Number: 10-000-1001; Universiteit Utrecht; FP7 Ideas: European Research Council; Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek; National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences; National Institutes of Health; National Center for Research Resources; Consortium grant, Grant/Award Number: U54 EB020403; U.S. National Institutes of Health, Grant/Award Numbers: R01 CA101318, P30 AG10133, R01 AG19771; Medical Research Council, Grant/Award Number: G0500092; Fundación Instituto de Investigación Marqués de Valdecilla, Grant/Award Numbers: API07/011, NCT02534363, NCT0235832; Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Grant/Award Numbers: PI14/00918, PI14/00639, PI060507, PI050427, PI020499; the Research Council, Grant/Award Number: 223273; South Eastern Norway Regional Health Authority, Grant/Award Numbers: 2017-112, 2019107; Swedish Research Council; European Community's Seventh Framework Programme, Grant/Award Number: 602450; King's College London; South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust; Biomedical Research Centre; National Institute for Health Research.
Published: 2021
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20. Lower Locus Coeruleus MRI intensity in patients with late-life major depression

Author: Inés del Cerro, Gerard Blasco, Jordi Gascon, Inmaculada Rico, Mónica Giménez, Mikel Urretavizcaya, Pol Canal-Noguer, Virginia Soria, Andrés Guinea-Izquierdo, Isidre Ferrer, Ramón Reñé, Ignacio Martínez-Zalacaín, Angels Camins, Carles Soriano-Mas, Carlos Aguilera, José M. Menchón, and Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Doctorat en Bioinformàtica
Subjects: Oncology, medicine.medical_specialty, Radiology and Medical Imaging, Central nervous system, lcsh:Medicine, Neurociència cognitiva, Psychiatry and Psychology, Major depressive disorder, behavioral disciplines and activities, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Neuromelanin, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Magnetic resonance imaging, Ciències de la salut::Medicina::Neurologia [Àrees temàtiques de la UPC], Internal medicine, mental disorders, medicine, Locus coeruleus, Cognitive Disorders, Depression (differential diagnoses), 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Malalties del sistema nerviós central, General Neuroscience, Serotonin/norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors, lcsh:R, Cervell -- Anatomia, Cognitive neuroscience, General Medicine, medicine.disease, Comorbidity, Pathophysiology, medicine.anatomical_structure, Brain--Anatomy, Amnestic mild cognitive impairment, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Central nervous system diseases, Neuroscience
Abstract: Background The locus coeruleus (LC) is the major noradrenergic source in the central nervous system. Structural alterations in the LC contribute to the pathophysiology of different neuropsychiatric disorders, which may increase to a variable extent the likelihood of developing neurodegenerative conditions. The characterization of such alterations may therefore help to predict progression to neurodegenerative disorders. Despite the LC cannot be visualized with conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), specific MRI sequences have been developed to infer its structural integrity. Methods We quantified LC signal Contrast Ratios (LCCRs) in late-life major depressive disorder (MDD) (n = 37, 9 with comorbid aMCI), amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment (aMCI) (n = 21, without comorbid MDD), and healthy controls (HCs) (n = 31), and also assessed the putative modulatory effects of comorbidities and other clinical variables. Results LCCRs were lower in MDD compared to aMCI and HCs. While no effects of aMCI comorbidity were observed, lower LCCRs were specifically observed in patients taking serotonin/norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs). Conclusion Our results do not support the hypothesis that lower LCCRs characterize the different clinical groups that may eventually develop a neurodegenerative disorder. Conversely, our results were specifically observed in patients with late-life MDD taking SNRIs. Further research with larger samples is warranted to ascertain whether medication or particular clinical features of patients taking SNRIs are associated with changes in LC neurons.
Published: 2021

21. Effects of integrase inhibitor-based antiretroviral therapy on brain outcomes according to time since acquisition of HIV-1 infection

Author: Carles Soriano-Mas, Ignacio Martínez-Zalacaín, Núria Pérez-Álvarez, Carmina R. Fumaz, Jose A. Muñoz-Moreno, Michael Meulbroek, Bonaventura Clotet, Anna Prats, Pep Coll, Maite Garolera, Anna Chamorro, Beatriz Mothe, Sira Domènech-Puigcerver, Eugenia Negredo, Maria Jose Ferrer, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Departament d'Estadística i Investigació Operativa, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. GRBIO - Grup de Recerca en Bioestadística i Bioinformàtica, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Clínica Teknon Grupo Quirón-Salud, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Universitat de Vic, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Universitat Oberta de Catalunya (UOC), and Projecte dels NOMS - Hispanosida
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Male, Time Factors, depresión, Integrase inhibitor, HIV Infections, HIV Integrase, ansietat, Anxiety, infectious diseases, cognitive neuroscience, 0302 clinical medicine, Cognition, Medicine, Prospective Studies, Cervell, infeccions del sistema nervioso central, Multidisciplinary, biology, infecciones del sistema nervioso central, Depression, Antiretrovirals, Brain, Matemàtiques i estadística [Àrees temàtiques de la UPC], malalties infeccioses, anxiety, depressió, Integrase, depression, enfermedades infecciosas, Infectious diseases, HIV infections, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Science, central nervous system infections, neurociencía cognitiva, Neuroimaging, anxety, Article, Time-to-Treatment, 03 medical and health sciences, Internal medicine, Drug Resistance, Viral, Humans, Cognitive skill, HIV Integrase Inhibitors, business.industry, Functional Neuroimaging, Cognitive neuroscience, ansiedad, 030112 virology, Antiretroviral therapy, Antiretroviral agents, 90 Operations research, mathematical programming [Classificació AMS], Spain, biology.protein, HIV-1, Orbitofrontal cortex, Infeccions per VIH, neurociencia cognitiva, business, Neurocognitive, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Central nervous system infections
Abstract: Integrase strand transfer inhibitors (INSTI) are a main component of the current antiretroviral regimens recommended for treatment of HIV infection. However, little is known about the impact of INSTI on neurocognition and neuroimaging. We developed a prospective observational trial to evaluate the effects of INSTI-based antiretroviral therapy on comprehensive brain outcomes (cognitive, functional, and imaging) according to the time since HIV-1 acquisition. We recruited men living with HIV who initiated antiretroviral therapy with INSTI < 3 months since the estimated date of HIV-1 acquisition (n = 12) and > 6 months since estimated date of HIV-1 acquisition (n = 15). We also recruited a group of matched seronegative individuals (n = 15). Assessments were performed at baseline (before initiation of therapy in HIV arms) and at weeks 4 and 48. Baseline cognitive functioning was comparable between the arms. At week 48, we did not find cognitive differences between starting therapy with INSTI earlier than 3 months or later than 6 months after acquisition of HIV-1 infection. Functional status was poorer in individuals diagnosed earlier. This effect recovered 48 weeks after initiation of therapy. Regarding brain imaging, we found that men living with HIV initiating antiretroviral therapy later experienced a greater decrease in medial orbitofrontal cortex over time, with expected negative repercussions for decision-making tasks. The study was supported by Fundació Lluita Contra la SIDA (FLS-ANT 2015-01). IMZ was supported by a P-FIS grant (FI17/00294) and CSM by a Miguel Servet contract (CPII16/00048) from the Instituto de Salud Carlos III. NPA was partially supported by grants MTM2015-64465-C2-1-R (MINECO/FEDER) and 2017 SGR 622 (GRBIO)
Published: 2021

22. Structural neuroimaging biomarkers for obsessive-compulsive disorder in the ENIGMA-OCD consortium: medication matters

Author: Jonathan P. Shock, Erika L. Nurmi, Francesco Benedetti, Gianfranco Spalletta, Anthony C. James, Damiaan Denys, Jose C. Pariente, Ignacio Martínez-Zalacaín, Yanni Liu, Paulo Marques, Joseph O'Neill, Ganesan Venkatasubramanian, Benjamin A. Ely, Noam Soreni, Tobias U. Hauser, Michael C. Stevens, Masaru Kuno, Kate D. Fitzgerald, Je-Yeon Yun, Stephanie H. Ameis, John Piacentini, Yuki Sakai, Kang Ik K. Cho, Kathrin Koch, Luciano Minuzzi, Fabrizio Piras, Hao Hu, Chaim Huyser, Philip R. Szeszko, Gerd Kvale, Zhen Wang, Luke Taylor, Jean Paul Fouche, Marcelo Q. Hoexter, Francesca Assogna, Odile A. van den Heuvel, Rachel Marsh, Carles Soriano-Mas, Alan Anticevic, David Mataix-Cols, Eiji Shimizu, Fern Jaspers-Fayer, Rajat M. Thomas, Yoshinari Abe, Pedro Moreira, Norbert Kathmann, Astrid Morer, Rosa Calvo, Guido van Wingen, João Ricardo Sato, Egill A. Fridgeirsson, Chris Perriello, Janardhanan C. Narayanaswamy, Anushree Bose, Pedro Morgado, Oana G. Rus-Oswald, Akiko Nakagawa, Silvia Brem, Luisa Lazaro, Dan J. Stein, Paul D. Arnold, Yoshiyuki Hirano, Premika S.W. Boedhoe, Emily R. Stern, Irene Bollettini, Sara Dallaspezia, Lianne Schmaal, Federica Piras, Willem B Bruin, José M. Menchón, Jan K. Buitelaar, Christian Kaufmann, Christine Lochner, Yuqi Cheng, Brian P. Brennan, H. Blair Simpson, David F. Tolin, Daan van Rooij, Pino Alonso, Iliyan Ivanov, S. Evelyn Stewart, Paul M. Thompson, Takashi Nakamae, Deniz A. Gürsel, Paul Zhutovsky, Jan C. Beucke, Jamie D. Feusner, Patricia Gruner, Tomohiro Nakao, Y.C. Janardhan Reddy, Jun Soo Kwon, Graduate School, ANS - Compulsivity, Impulsivity & Attention, APH - Global Health, APH - Mental Health, Adult Psychiatry, Child Psychiatry, Bruin, Willem B., Taylor, Luke, Thomas, Rajat M., P Shock, Jonathan, Zhutovsky, Paul, Abe, Yoshinari, Alonso, Pino, Ameis, Stephanie H., Anticevic, Alan, Arnold, Paul D., Assogna, Francesca, Benedetti, Francesco, Beucke, Jan C., Boedhoe, Premika S. W., Bollettini, Irene, Bose, Anushree, Brem, Silvia, Brennan, Brian P., K Buitelaar, Jan, Calvo, Rosa, Cheng, Yuqi, Cho, Kang Ik K., Dallaspezia, Sara, Denys, Damiaan, Ely, Benjamin A., Feusner, Jamie D., Fitzgerald, Kate D., Fouche, Jean-Paul, Fridgeirsson, Egill A., Gruner, Patricia, Gürsel, Deniz A., Hauser, Tobias U., Hirano, Yoshiyuki, Hoexter, Marcelo Q., Hu, Hao, Huyser, Chaim, Ivanov, Iliyan, James, Anthony, Jaspers-Fayer, Fern, Kathmann, Norbert, Kaufmann, Christian, Koch, Kathrin, Kuno, Masaru, Kvale, Gerd, Soo Kwon, Jun, Liu, Yanni, Lochner, Christine, Lázaro, Luisa, Marques, Paulo, Marsh, Rachel, Martínez-Zalacaín, Ignacio, Mataix-Cols, David, Menchón, José M., Minuzzi, Luciano, Moreira, Pedro S., Morer, Astrid, Morgado, Pedro, Nakagawa, Akiko, Nakamae, Takashi, Nakao, Tomohiro, Narayanaswamy, Janardhanan C., Nurmi, Erika L., O’Neill, Joseph, Pariente, Jose C., Perriello, Chri, Piacentini, John, Piras, Fabrizio, Piras, Federica, Janardhan Reddy, Y. C., Rus-Oswald, Oana G., Sakai, Yuki, Sato, João R., Schmaal, Lianne, Shimizu, Eiji, Blair Simpson, H., Soreni, Noam, Soriano-Mas, Carle, Spalletta, Gianfranco, Stern, Emily R., Stevens, Michael C., Evelyn Stewart, S., Szeszko, Philip R., Tolin, David F., Venkatasubramanian, Ganesan, Wang, Zhen, Yun, Je-Yeon, van Rooij, Daan, Consortium, ENIGMA-OCD, Thompson, Paul M., van den Heuvel, Odile A., Stein, Dan J., van Wingen, Guido A., Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience (NIN), ENIGMA-OCD Working Group, Anatomy and neurosciences, Amsterdam Neuroscience - Compulsivity, Impulsivity & Attention, and Psychiatry
Subjects: Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder, Multivariate analysis, Disease, Neuroimaging biomarkers, 0302 clinical medicine, Obsessive-compulsive disorder, Medicine, Psychology, Prefrontal cortex, screening and diagnosis, medicine.diagnostic_test, Biochemical markers, Brain, Serious Mental Illness, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, 3. Good health, Psychiatry and Mental health, Detection, Mental Health, Marcadors bioquímics, Public Health and Health Services, Biomedical Imaging, Clinical psychology, medicine.drug, medicine.medical_specialty, Clinical Sciences, MEDLINE, Neuroimaging, Article, lcsh:RC321-571, Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, 03 medical and health sciences, Obsessive compulsive, Clinical Research, Internal medicine, Medical imaging, Diagnostic biomarker, Humans, Clinical significance, lcsh:Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry, Biological Psychiatry, Fluoxetine, business.industry, Neurosi obsessiva, Neurosciences, Magnetic resonance imaging, Diagnostic markers, 030227 psychiatry, Brain Disorders, 4.1 Discovery and preclinical testing of markers and technologies, Obsessive compulsive disorder, ENIGMA-OCD Working Group, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Biomarkers, Neuroscience
Abstract: ObjectiveNo diagnostic biomarkers are available for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies have provided evidence for structural abnormalities in distinct brain regions, but effect sizes are small and have limited clinical relevance. To investigate whether individual patients can be distinguished from healthy controls, we performed multivariate analysis of structural neuroimaging data from the ENIGMA-OCD consortium.MethodWe included 46 data sets with neuroimaging and clinical data from adult (≥18 years) and pediatric (1images from 2,304 OCD patients and 2,068 healthy controls were analyzed using standardized processing to extract regional measures of cortical thickness, surface area and subcortical volume. Machine learning classification performance was tested using cross-validation, and possible effects of clinical variables were investigated by stratification.ResultsClassification performance for OCD versus controls using the complete sample with different classifiers and cross-validation strategies was poor (AUC—0.57 (standard deviation (SD)=0.02;Pcorr=0.19) to 0.62 (SD=0.03;Pcorrcorr>.99) to 0.54 (SD=0.08;Pcorr>.99)). In contrast, good classification performance (>0.8 AUC) was achieved within subgroups of patients split according to their medication status.ConclusionsParcellated structural MRI data do not enable good distinction between patients with OCD and controls. However, classifying subgroups of patients based on medication status enables good identification at the individual subject level. This underlines the need for longitudinal studies on the short- and long-term effects of medication on brain structure.
Published: 2020
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23. Subcortical brain volume, regional cortical thickness, and cortical surface area across disorders:Findings from the ENIGMA ADHD, ASD, and OCD working groups

Author: Pedro Moreira, Ruth O'Gorman Tuura, Mara Cercignani, Philip Aherson, Maria Jalbrzikowski, Kate D. Fitzgerald, Declan G. Murphy, Bernd Kardatzki, Christine Ecker, David F. Tolin, Fern Jaspers-Fayer, Pedro Morgado, Juan Carlos Soliva Vila, Kang Ik K. Cho, Kathrin Koch, Timothy J. Silk, Philip R. Szeszko, Thomas Frodl, Mara Parellada, Shlomi Haar, Eileen Daly, Bob Oranje, Anouk Schrantee, Leyla Namazova-Baranova, Joseph A. King, Beatriz Luna, Silvia Brem, Eric Earl, Alasdair Vance, Michela Tosetti, Christine Deruelle, Ramona Baur-Streubel, Jackie Fitzgerald, Kirsten O'Hearn, Michael C. Stevens, Yoshiyuki Hirano, J. Antoni Ramos-Quiroga, Erika L. Nurmi, Kaylita Chantiluke, Joseph O'Neill, Kerstin Kohls, Olga Puig, Devon Shook, Clodagh M. Murphy, Gustavo Sudre, Marlene Behrmann, Jaap Oosterlaan, Tinatin Gogberashvili, Lianne Schmaal, Carles Soriano-Mas, Liesbeth Hoekstra, Ignacio Martínez-Zalacaín, Noam Soreni, Marcel P. Zwiers, Paulo Mattos, Gregor Kohls, Andreas J. Fallgatter, Tiffany M. Chaim-Avancini, Alexander Baranov, S. Evelyn Stewart, Sara Dallaspezia, Gianfranco Spalletta, Jonna Kuntsi, Lizanne J. S. Schweren, Joel T. Nigg, Leanne Tamm, Premika S.W. Boedhoe, Adriana Di Martino, Jane McGrath, Marcelo C. Batistuzzo, Norbert Skokauskas, Filippo Muratori, John Piacentini, Jean-Paul Fouche, Sarah Baumeister, Alan Anticevic, Neil A. Harrison, Christine M. Freitag, Pedro G.P. Rosa, Stephen V. Faraone, Ana Cubillo, David Mataix-Cols, Yuki Sakai, Stefan Ehrlich, Eileen Oberwelland Weiss, Fabrizio Piras, Dirk J. Heslenfeld, Je-Yeon Yun, Paul Pauli, Catharina A. Hartman, Ganesan Venkatasubramanian, Janardhanan C. Narayanaswamy, Charles B Malpas, Jan C. Beucke, José M. Menchón, Egill A. Fridgeirsson, Margot J. Taylor, Mauricio Moller Martinho, H. Blair Simpson, Jan K. Buitelaar, Gerd Kvale, Ivanei E. Bramati, Aki Tsuchiyagaito, Susanne Walitza, Irene Bollettini, Jeffery N. Epstein, Anders M. Dale, Thomas Ethofer, Terry L. Jernigan, David Coghill, Rachel Marsh, Andreas Reif, Astri J. Lundervold, Pieter J. Hoekstra, Oana Georgiana Rus, Damiaan Denys, Gregory L. Wallace, Matt C. Gabel, Hazel McCarthy, Sarah Hohmann, Rosa Nicolau, Stephanie H. Ameis, Neda Jahanshad, Takashi Nakamae, Xin Feng, Emily R. Stern, Georg G. von Polier, Yanni Liu, Paulo Marques, Anushree Bose, Hao Hu, Sara Lera-Miguel, Deniz A. Gürsel, Jochen Seitz, Jos W. R. Twisk, Mario Rodrigues Louzã, Clare Kelly, Annette Conzelmann, Alysa E. Doyle, Odile A. van den Heuvel, Anthony A. James, Chris Perriello, Joost Janssen, Damien A. Fair, Norbert Kathmann, Francisco X. Castellanos, Paul D. Arnold, Oscar Vilarroya, Geraldo F. Busatto, Federica Piras, Pino Alonso, Akiko Nakagawa, Sarah Durston, Lena Schwarz, Mitul A. Mehta, Dan J. Stein, Celso Arango, Daan van Rooij, Ilan Dinstein, Anastasia Christakou, Klaus-Peter Lesch, Kerstin J. Plessen, Jennifer Fedor, Yolanda Vives-Gilabert, Ilaria Gori, Louise Gallagher, Brian P. Brennan, Yuqi Cheng, Barbara Franke, Sabin Khadka, Stephanie E. Novotny, Martine Hoogman, Georgii Karkashadze, Georg C. Ziegler, Yuliya N. Yoncheva, Rosa Calvo, Thomas Wolfers, Marcelo Q. Hoexter, Benjamin A. Ely, Masaru Kuno, Alessandra Retico, Yoshinari Abe, Geoffrey B. Hall, Tobias Banaschewski, Anatoly Anikin, Christine Lochner, Astrid Morer, Guido van Wingen, Jan Haavik, Joseph Biederman, Luisa Lázaro, Francesco Benedetti, Fengfeng Zhou, Guillaume Auzias, Daniel Brandeis, Dmitry Kapilushniy, Katya Rubia, Philip Shaw, Christian Kaufmann, Sara Calderoni, Marcus V. Zanetti, Anastasia Solovieva, Zhen Wang, Francesca Assogna, Jamie D. Feusner, Chaim Huyser, Fernanda Tovar-Moll, Theo G.M. van Erp, Y.C. Janardhan Reddy, Jun Soo Kwon, Yannis Paloyelis, Anna Calvo, Patricia Gruner, Kathrin C. Zierhut, Liesbeth Reneman, Tomohiro Nakao, Janita Bralten, Marie F. Høvik, Mark A. Bellgrove, Maarten Mennes, Paul M. Thompson, Institut de Neurosciences de la Timone (INT), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Epidemiology and Data Science, Pediatric surgery, Radiology and nuclear medicine, Amsterdam Neuroscience - Compulsivity, Impulsivity & Attention, Psychiatry, APH - Methodology, APH - Health Behaviors & Chronic Diseases, Boedhoe, Premika S W, van Rooij, Daan, Hoogman, Martine, Twisk, Jos W R, Schmaal, Lianne, Abe, Yoshinari, Alonso, Pino, Ameis, Stephanie H, Anikin, Anatoly, Anticevic, Alan, Arango, Celso, Arnold, Paul D, Asherson, Philip, Assogna, Francesca, Auzias, Guillaume, Banaschewski, Tobia, Baranov, Alexander, Batistuzzo, Marcelo C, Baumeister, Sarah, Baur-Streubel, Ramona, Behrmann, Marlene, Bellgrove, Mark A, Benedetti, Francesco, Beucke, Jan C, Biederman, Joseph, Bollettini, Irene, Bose, Anushree, Bralten, Janita, Bramati, Ivanei E, Brandeis, Daniel, Brem, Silvia, Brennan, Brian P, Busatto, Geraldo F, Calderoni, Sara, Calvo, Anna, Calvo, Rosa, Castellanos, Francisco X, Cercignani, Mara, Chaim-Avancini, Tiffany M, Chantiluke, Kaylita C, Cheng, Yuqi, Cho, Kang Ik K, Christakou, Anastasia, Coghill, David, Conzelmann, Annette, Cubillo, Ana I, Dale, Anders M, Dallaspezia, Sara, Daly, Eileen, Denys, Damiaan, Deruelle, Christine, Di Martino, Adriana, Dinstein, Ilan, Doyle, Alysa E, Durston, Sarah, Earl, Eric A, Ecker, Christine, Ehrlich, Stefan, Ely, Benjamin A, Epstein, Jeffrey N, Ethofer, Thoma, Fair, Damien A, Fallgatter, Andreas J, Faraone, Stephen V, Fedor, Jennifer, Feng, Xin, Feusner, Jamie D, Fitzgerald, Jackie, Fitzgerald, Kate D, Fouche, Jean-Paul, Freitag, Christine M, Fridgeirsson, Egill A, Frodl, Thoma, Gabel, Matt C, Gallagher, Louise, Gogberashvili, Tinatin, Gori, Ilaria, Gruner, Patricia, Gürsel, Deniz A, Haar, Shlomi, Haavik, Jan, Hall, Geoffrey B, Harrison, Neil A, Hartman, Catharina A, Heslenfeld, Dirk J, Hirano, Yoshiyuki, Hoekstra, Pieter J, Hoexter, Marcelo Q, Hohmann, Sarah, Høvik, Marie F, Hu, Hao, Huyser, Chaim, Jahanshad, Neda, Jalbrzikowski, Maria, James, Anthony, Janssen, Joost, Jaspers-Fayer, Fern, Jernigan, Terry L, Kapilushniy, Dmitry, Kardatzki, Bernd, Karkashadze, Georgii, Kathmann, Norbert, Kaufmann, Christian, Kelly, Clare, Khadka, Sabin, King, Joseph A, Koch, Kathrin, Kohls, Gregor, Konrad, Kerstin, Kuno, Masaru, Kuntsi, Jonna, Kvale, Gerd, Kwon, Jun Soo, Lázaro, Luisa, Lera-Miguel, Sara, Lesch, Klaus-Peter, Hoekstra, Liesbeth, Liu, Yanni, Lochner, Christine, Louza, Mario R, Luna, Beatriz, Lundervold, Astri J, Malpas, Charles B, Marques, Paulo, Marsh, Rachel, Martínez-Zalacaín, Ignacio, Mataix-Cols, David, Mattos, Paulo, Mccarthy, Hazel, Mcgrath, Jane, Mehta, Mitul A, Menchón, José M, Mennes, Maarten, Martinho, Mauricio Moller, Moreira, Pedro S, Morer, Astrid, Morgado, Pedro, Muratori, Filippo, Murphy, Clodagh M, Murphy, Declan G M, Nakagawa, Akiko, Nakamae, Takashi, Nakao, Tomohiro, Namazova-Baranova, Leyla, Narayanaswamy, Janardhanan C, Nicolau, Rosa, Nigg, Joel T, Novotny, Stephanie E, Nurmi, Erika L, Weiss, Eileen Oberwelland, O'Gorman Tuura, Ruth L, O'Hearn, Kirsten, O'Neill, Joseph, Oosterlaan, Jaap, Oranje, Bob, Paloyelis, Yanni, Parellada, Mara, Pauli, Paul, Perriello, Chri, Piacentini, John, Piras, Fabrizio, Piras, Federica, Plessen, Kerstin J, Puig, Olga, Ramos-Quiroga, J Antoni, Reddy, Y C Janardhan, Reif, Andrea, Reneman, Liesbeth, Retico, Alessandra, Rosa, Pedro G P, Rubia, Katya, Rus, Oana Georgiana, Sakai, Yuki, Schrantee, Anouk, Schwarz, Lena, Schweren, Lizanne J S, Seitz, Jochen, Shaw, Philip, Shook, Devon, Silk, Tim J, Simpson, H Blair, Skokauskas, Norbert, Soliva Vila, Juan Carlo, Solovieva, Anastasia, Soreni, Noam, Soriano-Mas, Carle, Spalletta, Gianfranco, Stern, Emily R, Stevens, Michael C, Stewart, S Evelyn, Sudre, Gustavo, Szeszko, Philip R, Tamm, Leanne, Taylor, Margot J, Tolin, David F, Tosetti, Michela, Tovar-Moll, Fernanda, Tsuchiyagaito, Aki, van Erp, Theo G M, van Wingen, Guido A, Vance, Alasdair, Venkatasubramanian, Ganesan, Vilarroya, Oscar, Vives-Gilabert, Yolanda, von Polier, Georg G, Walitza, Susanne, Wallace, Gregory L, Wang, Zhen, Wolfers, Thoma, Yoncheva, Yuliya N, Yun, Je-Yeon, Zanetti, Marcus V, Zhou, Fengfeng, Ziegler, Georg C, Zierhut, Kathrin C, Zwiers, Marcel P, Thompson, Paul M, Stein, Dan J, Buitelaar, Jan, Franke, Barbara, van den Heuvel, Odile A, Interdisciplinary Centre Psychopathology and Emotion regulation (ICPE), Clinical Cognitive Neuropsychiatry Research Program (CCNP), Adult Psychiatry, ANS - Compulsivity, Impulsivity & Attention, Graduate School, Child Psychiatry, General Paediatrics, ARD - Amsterdam Reproduction and Development, Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, APH - Personalized Medicine, and APH - Mental Health
Subjects: Male, Research Report, Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder, Frontal cortex, Systems Analysis, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Autism Spectrum Disorder, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Hippocampal formation, Audiology, 0302 clinical medicine, 130 000 Cognitive Neurology & Memory, Child, Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Intelligence quotient, Psychopathology, ATTENTION-DEFICIT/HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER, ABNORMALITIES, ENIGMA, Organ Size, 3. Good health, Psychiatry and Mental health, Autism spectrum disorder, Brain size, Cohort, Female, MRI, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, CORTEX, Adolescent, DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER, Human Development, Neuroimaging, behavioral disciplines and activities, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, FIELD-STRENGTH, mental disorders, medicine, MEGA-ANALYSIS, Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, Humans, Cortical surface, Structural MRI, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Cerebrum, Neurodevelopmental disorders Donders Center for Medical Neuroscience [Radboudumc 7], business.industry, medicine.disease, 030227 psychiatry, VOXEL, Autism, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: ObjectiveAttention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) are common neurodevelopmental disorders that frequently co-occur. We aimed to directly compare all three disorders. The ENIGMA consortium is ideally positioned to investigate structural brain alterations across these disorders.MethodsStructural T1-weighted whole-brain MRI of controls (n=5,827) and patients with ADHD (n=2,271), ASD (n=1,777), and OCD (n=2,323) from 151 cohorts worldwide were analyzed using standardized processing protocols. We examined subcortical volume, cortical thickness and surface area differences within a mega-analytical framework, pooling measures extracted from each cohort. Analyses were performed separately for children, adolescents, and adults using linear mixed-effects models adjusting for age, sex and site (and ICV for subcortical and surface area measures).ResultsWe found no shared alterations among all three disorders, while shared alterations between any two disorders did not survive multiple comparisons correction. Children with ADHD compared to those with OCD had smaller hippocampal volumes, possibly influenced by IQ. Children and adolescents with ADHD also had smaller ICV than controls and those with OCD or ASD. Adults with ASD showed thicker frontal cortices compared to adult controls and other clinical groups. No OCD-specific alterations across different age-groups and surface area alterations among all disorders in childhood and adulthood were observed.ConclusionOur findings suggest robust but subtle alterations across different age-groups among ADHD, ASD, and OCD. ADHD-specific ICV and hippocampal alterations in children and adolescents, and ASD-specific cortical thickness alterations in the frontal cortex in adults support previous work emphasizing neurodevelopmental alterations in these disorders.
Published: 2020
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24. Mapping Cortical and Subcortical Asymmetry in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: Findings From the ENIGMA Consortium

Author: Xiang-Zhen Kong, Premika S.W. Boedhoe, Yoshinari Abe, Pino Alonso, Stephanie H. Ameis, Paul D. Arnold, Francesca Assogna, Justin T. Baker, Marcelo C. Batistuzzo, Francesco Benedetti, Jan C. Beucke, Irene Bollettini, Anushree Bose, Silvia Brem, Brian P. Brennan, Jan Buitelaar, Rosa Calvo, Yuqi Cheng, Kang Ik K. Cho, Sara Dallaspezia, Damiaan Denys, Benjamin A. Ely, Jamie Feusner, Kate D. Fitzgerald, Jean-Paul Fouche, Egill A. Fridgeirsson, David C. Glahn, Patricia Gruner, Deniz A. Gürsel, Tobias U. Hauser, Yoshiyuki Hirano, Marcelo Q. Hoexter, Hao Hu, Chaim Huyser, Anthony James, Fern Jaspers-Fayer, Norbert Kathmann, Christian Kaufmann, Kathrin Koch, Masaru Kuno, Gerd Kvale, Jun Soo Kwon, Luisa Lazaro, Yanni Liu, Christine Lochner, Paulo Marques, Rachel Marsh, Ignacio Martínez-Zalacaín, David Mataix-Cols, Sarah E. Medland, José M. Menchón, Luciano Minuzzi, Pedro S. Moreira, Astrid Morer, Pedro Morgado, Akiko Nakagawa, Takashi Nakamae, Tomohiro Nakao, Janardhanan C. Narayanaswamy, Erika L. Nurmi, Joseph O'Neill, Jose C. Pariente, Chris Perriello, John Piacentini, Fabrizio Piras, Federica Piras, Christopher Pittenger, Y.C. Janardhan Reddy, Oana Georgiana Rus-Oswald, Yuki Sakai, Joao R. Sato, Lianne Schmaal, H. Blair Simpson, Noam Soreni, Carles Soriano-Mas, Gianfranco Spalletta, Emily R. Stern, Michael C. Stevens, S. Evelyn Stewart, Philip R. Szeszko, David F. Tolin, Aki Tsuchiyagaito, Daan van Rooij, Guido A. van Wingen, Ganesan Venkatasubramanian, Zhen Wang, Je-Yeon Yun, Paul M. Thompson, Dan J. Stein, Odile A. van den Heuvel, Clyde Francks, Alan Anticevic, Nerisa Banaj, Nuria Bargalló, Daniel Brandeis, Geraldo F. Busatto, Anna Calvo, Valentina Ciullo, Froukje E. de Vries, Stella J. de Wit, Erin Dickie, Renate Drechsler, Madalena Esteves, Andrea Falini, Yu Fang, Martijn Figee, Martine Fontaine, Geoff Hall, Sayo Hamatani, Gregory L. Hanna, Bjarne Hansen, Keisuke Ikari, Neda Jahanshad, Ricardo Magalhães, Yasutaka Masuda, Koji Matsumoto, James T. McCracken, Euripedes C. Miguel, Jin Narumoto, Seiji Nishida, Sara Poletti, Tim Reess, Eiji Shimizu, Nuno Sousa, Jumpei Takahashi, Jinsong Tang, Anders Lillevik Thorsen, Ysbrand D. van der Werf, Dick J. Veltman, Daniela Vecchio, Susanne Walitza, Anri Watanabe, Jian Xu, Xiufeng Xu, Kei Yamada, Tokiko Yoshida, Mojtaba Zarei, Qing Zhao, Cong Zhou, ENIGMA-OCD Working Group, Adult Psychiatry, ANS - Compulsivity, Impulsivity & Attention, Graduate School, Child Psychiatry, Kong, X. -Z., Boedhoe, P. S. W., Abe, Y., Alonso, P., Ameis, S. H., Arnold, P. D., Assogna, F., Baker, J. T., Batistuzzo, M. C., Benedetti, F., Beucke, J. C., Bollettini, I., Bose, A., Brem, S., Brennan, B. P., Buitelaar, J., Calvo, R., Cheng, Y., Cho, K. I. K., Dallaspezia, S., Denys, D., Ely, B. A., Feusner, J., Fitzgerald, K. D., Fouche, J. -P., Fridgeirsson, E. A., Glahn, D. C., Gruner, P., Gursel, D. A., Hauser, T. U., Hirano, Y., Hoexter, M. Q., Hu, H., Huyser, C., James, A., Jaspers-Fayer, F., Kathmann, N., Kaufmann, C., Koch, K., Kuno, M., Kvale, G., Kwon, J. S., Lazaro, L., Liu, Y., Lochner, C., Marques, P., Marsh, R., Martinez-Zalacain, I., Mataix-Cols, D., Medland, S. E., Menchon, J. M., Minuzzi, L., Moreira, P. S., Morer, A., Morgado, P., Nakagawa, A., Nakamae, T., Nakao, T., Narayanaswamy, J. C., Nurmi, E. L., O'Neill, J., Pariente, J. C., Perriello, C., Piacentini, J., Piras, F., Pittenger, C., Reddy, Y. C. J., Rus-Oswald, O. G., Sakai, Y., Sato, J. R., Schmaal, L., Simpson, H. B., Soreni, N., Soriano-Mas, C., Spalletta, G., Stern, E. R., Stevens, M. C., Stewart, S. E., Szeszko, P. R., Tolin, D. F., Tsuchiyagaito, A., van Rooij, D., van Wingen, G. A., Venkatasubramanian, G., Wang, Z., Yun, J. -Y., Anticevic, A., Banaj, N., Bargallo, N., Brandeis, D., Busatto, G. F., Calvo, A., Ciullo, V., de Vries, F. E., de Wit, S. J., Dickie, E., Drechsler, R., Esteves, M., Falini, A., Fang, Y., Figee, M., Fontaine, M., Hall, G., Hamatani, S., Hanna, G. L., Hansen, B., Ikari, K., Jahanshad, N., Magalhaes, R., Masuda, Y., Matsumoto, K., Mccracken, J. T., Miguel, E. C., Narumoto, J., Nishida, S., Poletti, S., Reess, T., Shimizu, E., Sousa, N., Takahashi, J., Tang, J., Thorsen, A. L., van der Werf, Y. D., Veltman, D. J., Vecchio, D., Walitza, S., Watanabe, A., Xu, J., Xu, X., Yamada, K., Yoshida, T., Zarei, M., Zhao, Q., Zhou, C., Thompson, P. M., Stein, D. J., van den Heuvel, O. A., Francks, C., Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience (NIN), Universidade do Minho, Anatomy and neurosciences, Amsterdam Neuroscience - Compulsivity, Impulsivity & Attention, and Psychiatry
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder, Mega-analysis, Mega-analysi, media_common.quotation_subject, Thalamus, Medicina Básica [Ciências Médicas], Audiology, Asymmetry, behavioral disciplines and activities, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Neuroimaging, mental disorders, medicine, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, Obsessive-compulsive disorder, Brain asymmetry, Humans, Child, Biological Psychiatry, Depression (differential diagnoses), media_common, Brain Mapping, Science & Technology, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Laterality, Neurosi obsessiva, Brain, Magnetic resonance imaging, Cerebral cortex, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, humanities, Escorça cerebral, 030104 developmental biology, Meta-analysis, Ciências Médicas::Medicina Básica, Pallidum, Anxiety, medicine.symptom, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: Accepted Manuscript, BACKGROUND: Lateralized dysfunction has been suggested in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). However, it is currently unclear whether OCD is characterized by abnormal patterns of brain structural asymmetry. Here we carried out what is by far the largest study of brain structural asymmetry in OCD.METHODS: We studied a collection of 16 pediatric datasets (501 patients with OCD and 439 healthy control subjects), as well as 30 adult datasets (1777 patients and 1654 control subjects) from the OCD Working Group within the ENIGMA (Enhancing Neuro Imaging Genetics through Meta Analysis) Consortium. Asymmetries of the volumes of subcortical structures, and of measures of regional cortical thickness and surface areas, were assessed based on T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging scans, using harmonized image analysis and quality control protocols. We investigated possible alterations of brain asymmetry in patients with OCD. We also explored potential associations of asymmetry with specific aspects of the disorder and medication status.RESULTS: In the pediatric datasets, the largest case-control differences were observed for volume asymmetry of the thalamus (more leftward; Cohen's d = 0.19) and the pallidum (less leftward; d = -20.21). Additional analyses suggested putative links between these asymmetry patterns and medication status, OCD severity, or anxiety and depression comorbidities. No significant case-control differences were found in the adult datasets.CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest subtle changes of the average asymmetry of subcortical structures in pediatric OCD, which are not detectable in adults with the disorder. These findings may reflect altered neurodevelopmental processes in OCD., This research was funded by the Max Planck Society (Germany). Additional funding was from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (KAKENHI Grant No. 18K15523 [to YA], KAKENHI Grant No. 16K04344 [to YH], KAKENHI Grant Nos. 16K19778 and 18K07608 [to TNakam], and KAKENHI Grant No. 26461762 [to AN]); the Carlos III Health Institute (Grant No. PI14/00419 [to PA], Grant No. PI040829 cofunded by European Regional Development Fund [to LL], Grant No. FI17/00294 [to IM-Z], Grant No. PI16/00950 [to JMM], and Grant Nos. CPII16/00048, PI13/01958, and PI16/00889 cofunded by European Regional Development Funds [to CS-M]); the Ontario Mental Health Foundation (Research Training Fellowship [to SHA]); Alberta Innovates Translational Health Chair in Child and Youth Mental Health (to PDA), the Ontario Brain Institute (to PDA); the National Institute of Mental Health (Grant No. K23MH104515 [to JTB], Grant No. K23-MH092397 [to BPB], Grant No. K23MH082176 [to KDF), Grant No. R21MH101441 [to RM], Grant No. R01MH081864 [to JO and JP], and Grant No. R01MH085900 [to JO and JF], Grant No. R21MH093889 [to HBS]); Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (Grant No. 2011/21357–9 [to MCB], Grant No. 2011/21357–9 [to GFB], Grant No. 2011/21357–9 [to MQH], and Grant No. 2011/21357–9 [to ECM]); the Swiss National Science Foundation (Grant No. 320030_130237 [to SB; principal investigator, Susanne Walitza]); the Hartmann Müller Foundation (Grant No. 1460 [to SB]); the David Judah Fund at the Massachusetts General Hospital (to BPB); EU FP7 Project TACTICS (Grant No. 278948 [to JB]); the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 81560233 [to YC] and Grant No. 81371340 [to ZW]); the International OCD Foundation (Grant No. K23 MH115206 [to PG]); the Wellcome Sir Henry Dale Fellowship (Grant No. 211155/Z/18/Z [to TUH]); the Jacobs Foundation (to TUH); the Brain and Behavior Research Foundation (2018 NARSAD Young Investigator Grant No. 27023 [to TUH]); the Agency for Medical Research and Development (Grant No. JP18dm0307002 [to YH]); the Michael Smith Foundation for Health Research (to FJ-F); the Federal Ministry of Education and Research of Germany (Grant No. BMBF-01GW0724 [to NK]); the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (Grant No. KO 3744/7–1 [to KK]); the Helse Vest Health Authority (Grant Nos. 911754 and 911880 [to GK]); the Norwegian Research Council (Grant No. HELSEFORSK 243675 [to GK]); the Marató TV3 Foundation (Grant Nos. 01/2010 and 091710 [to LL]); the Agency for Management of University and Research Grants (Grant No. 2017 SGR 881 [to LL] and 2017 SGR 1247 from the Generalitat de Catalunya [to JMM]); Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (Grant No. PDE/BDE/113604/2015 from the PhD-iHES Program [to RM], Grant No. PDE/BDE/113601/2015 from the PhD-iHES Program [to PSM]); the Japanese Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (Grant Nos. 22591262, 25461732, and 16K10253 [to TNakao]); the Government of India Department of Science and Technology (DST INSPIRE Faculty Grant No. -IFA12-LSBM-26 [to JCN] and Grant No. SR/S0/HS/0016/2011 [to YCJR]); the Government of India Department of Biotechnology (Grant No. BT/06/IYBA/2012 [to JCN] and Grant No. BT/PR13334/Med/30/259/2009 [to YCJR]); the New York State Office of Mental Health (to HBS); the Italian Ministry of Health (Grant No. RC13-14-15-16A [to GS]); the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (Grant No. UL1TR000067/KL2TR00069 [to ERS]); the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (to SES); the Michael Smith Foundation for Health Research (to SES); the British Columbia Provincial Health Services Authority (to SES); the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (Grant No. NWO/ZonMW Vidi 917.15.318 [to GAvW]); the Wellcome-DBT India Alliance (Grant No. 500236/Z/11/Z [to GV]); the Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders (Grant No. 13dz2260500 [to ZW]).
Published: 2020
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25. Cortical Thickness Trajectories across the Lifespan: Data from 17,075 healthy individuals aged 3-90 years

Author: Stefan Ehrlich, Danai Dima, Nhat Trung Doan, Simon E. Fisher, Dominik Grotegerd, Nicholas G. Martin, Tiffany M. Chaim-Avancini, Sophie Maingault, Sean N. Hatton, Derrek P. Hibar, Vincent P. Clark, Anders M. Dale, Iris E. C. Sommer, Ben J. Harrison, Annabella Di Giorgio, Benedicto Crespo-Facorro, Ian H. Gotlib, Andrew J. Kalnin, Andreas Reif, Edith Pomarol-Clotet, Thomas Espeseth, Theodore D. Satterthwaite, Pieter J. Hoekstra, René S. Kahn, Margaret J. Wright, Núria Bargalló, Maria J. Portella, Thomas Frodl, Lianne Schmaal, Chaim Huyser, Sophia I. Thomopoulos, Odille A van den Heuvel, Rachel M. Brouwer, Rachel E. Gur, Stefan Borgwardt, Marise W. J. Machielsen, Kathryn I. Alpert, Dick J. Veltman, Sim Kang, Irina V. Lebedeva, Marcus V. Zanetti, Anne Uhlmann, Christopher R.K. Ching, John D. West, Paul Pauli, Susanne Erk, Xavier Caseras, Kun Yang, Randy L. Buckner, Julian N. Trollor, Katharina Wittfeld, Fabrice Crivello, Theo G.M. van Erp, Luisa Lázaro, Jan Egil Nordvik, Sarah Baumeister, Steven G. Potkin, Calhoun Vd, Ian B. Hickie, Giulio Pergola, Henrik Walter, Katie L. McMahon, Theophilus N. Akudjedu, Patricia J. Conrod, Nic J.A. van der Wee, Won Hee Lee, Dennis van 't Ent, Barbara Franke, Knut Schnell, Josiane Bourque, Matthew D. Sacchet, Perminder S. Sachdev, Esther Walton, Raymond Salvador, Colm McDonald, Gunter Schumann, Paul M. Thompson, Georg C. Ziegler, Erin W. Dickie, Christine Lochner, Andreas Meyer-Lindenberg, Eco J. C. de Geus, Ole A. Andreassen, Joshua L. Roffman, Oliver Grimm, Andrew M. McIntosh, Ryota Kanai, Mauricio H. Serpa, Dennis van den Meer, Jessica A. Turner, Simon Cervenka, Alexander Tomyshev, Lara M. Wierenga, Francisco X. Castellanos, Bernd Kramer, Erlend S. Dørum, Alessandro Bertolino, P. G. P. Rosa, Avram J. Holmes, Klaus-Peter Lesch, Norbert Hosten, Hilleke E. Hulshoff Pol, Jean-Paul Fouche, Neda Jahanshad, Daniel Brandeis, José M. Menchón, Jiyang Jiang, Jan K. Buitelaar, Andrew J. Saykin, Genevieve McPhilemy, Efstathios Papachristou, Hans-Jörgen Grabe, Bernd Weber, Beng-Choon Ho, Pablo Najt, Fleur M. Howells, Yannis Paloyelis, Lieuwe de Haan, Lachlan T. Strike, Dag Alnæs, David Mataix-Cols, Henry Völzke, Daniel H. Wolf, Suzanne C. Swagerman, Paola Fuentes-Claramonte, Marieke Klein, Patricia Gruner, Anthony A. James, Ingrid Agartz, Dara M. Cannon, Jim Lagopoulos, Geraldo F. Busatto, Tomohiro Nakao, Dan J. Stein, Gaelle E Doucet, Erick J. Canales-Rodríguez, Cristopher Davey, Tatyana P Klushnik, Jaap Oosterlaan, Ilya M. Veer, Steven Williams, Bernard Mazoyer, Helena Fatouros-Bergman, Yulyia Yoncheva, Ramona Baur-Streubel, Anouk den Braber, Nynke A. Groenewold, Salvador Sarró, Ignacio Martínez-Zalacaín, Sanne Koops, M. Aghajani, Lei Wang, Sarah E. Medland, C.A. Hartman, Aurora Bonvino, Pascual Sánchez-Juan, Andreas Heinz, Tobias Banaschewski, Amirhossein Modabbernia, Jilly Naaijen, Yang Wang, Sophia Frangou, Henry Brodaty, Henk Temmingh, Greig I. de Zubicaray, Nancy C. Andreasen, Carles Soriano-Mas, Neeltje E.M. van Haren, Brenna C. McDonald, Ruben C. Gur, Micael Andersson, Dorret I. Boomsma, Dirk J. Heslenfeld, Erik G. Jönsson, Oliver Gruber, Víctor Ortiz-García de la Foz, Anton Albajes-Eizagirre, David C. Glahn, Alan Breier, Heather C. Whalley, Jordan W. Smoller, Joaquim Radua, Christian K. Tamnes, Eveline A. Crone, Philip Asherson, John A. Joska, Wei Wen, Jonna Kuntsi, Lars Nyberg, Thomas H. Wassink, Diana Tordesillas-Gutiérrez, Martine Hoogman, Lars T. Westlye, Annette Conzelmann, Sarah Hohmann, and Laura Koenders
Subjects: 0303 health sciences, medicine.medical_specialty, Fractional polynomial, Cognition, Audiology, Biology, Regression, Pooling data, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Neuroimaging genetics, Healthy individuals, medicine, General pattern, Analysis of variance, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, 030304 developmental biology
Abstract: Delineating age-related cortical trajectories in healthy individuals is critical given the association of cortical thickness with cognition and behaviour. Previous research has shown that deriving robust estimates of age-related brain morphometric changes requires large-scale studies. In response, we conducted a large-scale analysis of cortical thickness in 17,075 individuals aged 3-90 years by pooling data through the Lifespan Working group of the Enhancing Neuroimaging Genetics through Meta-Analysis (ENIGMA) Consortium. We used fractional polynomial (FP) regression to characterize age-related trajectories in cortical thickness, and we computed normalized growth centiles using the parametric Lambda, Mu, and Sigma (LMS) method. Inter-individual variability was estimated using meta-analysis and one-way analysis of variance. Overall, cortical thickness peaked in childhood and had a steep decrease during the first 2-3 decades of life; thereafter, it showed a gradual monotonic decrease which was steeper in men than in women particularly in middle-life. Notable exceptions to this general pattern were entorhinal, temporopolar and anterior cingulate cortices. Inter-individual variability was largest in temporal and frontal regions across the lifespan. Age and its FP combinations explained up to 59% variance in cortical thickness. These results reconcile uncertainties about age-related trajectories of cortical thickness; the centile values provide estimates of normative variance in cortical thickness, and may assist in detecting abnormal deviations in cortical thickness, and associated behavioural, cognitive and clinical outcomes.
Published: 2020
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26. Subcortical Volume Trajectories across the Lifespan: Data from 18,605 healthy individuals aged 3-90 years

Author: Lara M. Wierenga, Iris E. C. Sommer, Edith Pomarol-Clotet, Erick J. Canales-Rodríguez, van Erp Tg, Lars T. Westlye, van Haren Ne, Francisco X. Castellanos, P. G. P. Rosa, Kang S, van der Wee Nj, Joaquim Radua, Jim Lagopoulos, José M. Menchón, Helena Fatouros-Bergman, Jan K. Buitelaar, Bernd Weber, Annette Conzelmann, Núria Bargalló, S. E. Medland, Maria J. Portella, Patricia J. Conrod, Amanda Worker, Klaus-Peter Lesch, Jonna Kuntsi, S.G. Potkin, R. Salvador, Knut Schnell, Stefan Borgwardt, Katharina Wittfeld, Kathryn I. Alpert, Dick J. Veltman, de Geus Ej, Ole A. Andreassen, Sophia Frangou, Di Giorgio A, Avram J. Holmes, Rachel M. Brouwer, Thomas Frodl, Lachlan T. Strike, Anton Albajes-Eizagirre, Giulio Pergola, van den Heuvel Oa, Perminder S. Sachdev, Esther Walton, Josiane Bourque, Dag Alnæs, David C. Glahn, Ramona Baur-Streubel, Laura Koenders, Christian K. Tamnes, Alan Breier, Jordan W. Smoller, Yulyia Yoncheva, Marise W. J. Machielsen, Sarah Hohmann, Magnus Andersson, Paola Fuentes-Claramonte, David Mataix-Cols, Salvador Sarró, Stefan Ehrlich, John A. Joska, Marieke Klein, Mauricio H. Serpa, den Braber A, Henry Völzke, Jilly Naaijen, de Haan L, Thomas H. Wassink, Daniel H. Wolf, Thomas Espeseth, Yang Wang, Henrik Walter, Wei Wen, Calhoun, Dan J. Stein, Simon E. Fisher, Eveline A. Crone, Ingrid Agartz, Susanne Erk, Oliver Grimm, Andrew M. McIntosh, Dominik Grotegerd, Henry Brodaty, Katie L. McMahon, Jaap Oosterlaan, Danai Dima, Aurora Bonvino, Anders M. Dale, Alexander Tomyshev, Ignacio Martínez-Zalacaín, Anthony A. James, Andrew J. Kalnin, Barbara Franke, Theophilus N. Akudjedu, Andreas Reif, Pieter J. Hoekstra, Nordvik Je, Lars Nyberg, Bernard Mazoyer, Paul M. Thompson, Andrew J. Saykin, Genevieve McPhilemy, Nhat Trung Doan, Geraldo F. Busatto, Colm McDonald, van ’t Ent D, Sophia I. Thomopoulos, Derrek P. Hibar, Neda Jahanshad, Norbert Hosten, Ryota Kanai, Ruben C. Gur, D.I. Boomsma, Lianne Schmaal, Jean-Paul Fouche, Anne Uhlmann, Jessica A. Turner, Fabrice Crivello, P. Asherson, de la Foz Vo, Heather C. Whalley, C.A. Hartman, Ching Cr, Dirk J. Heslenfeld, Jiyang Jiang, Pascual Sánchez-Juan, Andreas Heinz, Simon Cervenka, Irina V. Lebedeva, Nancy C. Andreasen, Erik G. Jönsson, Oliver Gruber, Ben J. Harrison, Tiffany M. Chaim-Avancini, Sophie Maingault, Efstathios Papachristou, Beng-Choon Ho, Marcus V. Zanetti, Doucet Ge, Nynke A. Groenewold, Sacchet, Andreas Meyer-Lindenberg, Bernhard K. Krämer, M. Aghajani, Diana Tordesillas-Gutiérrez, Martine Hoogman, Lu Wang, Pablo Najt, van den Meer D, Christopher G. Davey, Theodore D. Satterthwaite, René S. Kahn, Margaret J. Wright, N. G. Martin, G. Schumann, Tobias Banaschewski, Amirhossein Modabbernia, Benedicto Crespo-Facorro, Ian B. Hickie, Alessandro Bertolino, Sanne Koops, Sean N. Hatton, Georg C. Ziegler, Carles Soriano-Mas, Kun Yang, Brenna C. McDonald, Sarah Baumeister, Scr Williams, Julian N. Trollor, Paul Pauli, Joshua L. Roffman, Xavier Caseras, Won Hee Lee, Henk Temmingh, Rachel E. Gur, Randy L. Buckner, Vincent P. Clark, Daniel Brandeis, Ian H. Gotlib, Hulshoff Pol He, Hans-Jörgen Grabe, Fleur M. Howells, Christine Lochner, Yannis Paloyelis, Erlend S. Dørum, Suzanne C. Swagerman, Patricia Gruner, Dara M. Cannon, Tomohiro Nakao, Tatyana P Klushnik, Ilya M. Veer, de Zubicaray Gi, Chaim Huyser, John D. West, Luisa Lázaro, and Erin W. Dickie
Subjects: 0303 health sciences, Putamen, Thalamus, Brain morphometry, Hippocampus, Nucleus accumbens, Biology, 03 medical and health sciences, Lateral ventricles, 0302 clinical medicine, nervous system, Brain size, Basal ganglia, Neuroscience, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, 030304 developmental biology
Abstract: Age has a major effect on brain volume. However, the normative studies available are constrained by small sample sizes, restricted age coverage and significant methodological variability. These limitations introduce inconsistencies and may obscure or distort the lifespan trajectories of brain morphometry. In response, we capitalised on the resources of the Enhancing Neuroimaging Genetics through Meta-Analysis (ENIGMA) Consortium to examine the age-related morphometric trajectories of the ventricles, the basal ganglia (caudate, putamen, pallidum, and nucleus accumbens), the thalamus, hippocampus and amygdala using magnetic resonance imaging data obtained from 18,605 individuals aged 3-90 years. All subcortical structure volumes were at their maximum early in life; the volume of the basal ganglia showed a gradual monotonic decline thereafter while the volumes of the thalamus, amygdala and the hippocampus remained largely stable (with some degree of decline in thalamus) until the sixth decade of life followed by a steep decline thereafter. The lateral ventricles showed a trajectory of continuous enlargement throughout the lifespan. Significant age-related increase in inter-individual variability was found for the hippocampus and amygdala and the lateral ventricles. These results were robust to potential confounders and could be used to derive risk predictions for the early identification of diverse clinical phenotypes.
Published: 2020
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27. Clinical and Neurophysiological Correlates of Emotion and Food Craving Regulation in Patients with Anorexia Nervosa

Author: Susana Jiménez-Murcia, Ignacio Martínez-Zalacaín, Giulia Testa, Isabel Sánchez, Alberto Megías, Núria Mallorquí-Bagué, María Lozano-Madrid, Cristina Vintró-Alcaraz, Misericordia Veciana de las Heras, Fernando Fernández-Aranda, Juan F. Navas, Nadine Riesco, Roser Granero, Rayane Chami, Janet Treasure, José C. Perales, and Jose A Fernández-Formoso
Subjects: 050103 clinical psychology, emotion regulation, Food craving, Food addiction, Event-related potentials (ERPs), Neurophysiology, lcsh:Medicine, Craving, eating disorders, Article, anorexia nervosa, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Event-related potential, Neurofisiologia, food craving, food addiction, event related potentials, EEG, neurophysiology, psychopathology, mental disorders, Medicine, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Trastorns de la gana, Psychopathology, business.industry, 05 social sciences, digestive, oral, and skin physiology, lcsh:R, Anorèxia nerviosa, General Medicine, Anorexia nervosa, Event related potentials, Emotional dysregulation, medicine.disease, Eating disorders, Anorexia nervosa (differential diagnoses), Emotion Regulation, Appetite disorders, medicine.symptom, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Clinical psychology
Abstract: Background: Difficulties in emotion regulation and craving regulation have been linked to eating symptomatology in patients with anorexia nervosa (AN), contributing to the maintenance of their eating disorder. Methods: To investigate clinical and electrophysiological correlates of these processes, 20 patients with AN and 20 healthy controls (HC) completed a computerized task during EEG recording, where they were instructed to down-regulate negative emotions or food craving. Participants also completed self-report measures of emotional regulation and food addiction. The P300 and Late Positive Potential (LPP) ERPs were analysed. Results: LPP amplitudes were significantly smaller during down-regulation of food craving among both groups. Independent of task condition, individuals with AN showed smaller P300 amplitudes compared to HC. Among HC, the self-reported use of re-appraisal strategies positively correlated with LPP amplitudes during emotional regulation task, while suppressive strategies negatively correlated with LPP amplitudes. The AN group, in comparison to the HC group, exhibited greater food addiction, greater use of maladaptive strategies, and emotional dysregulation. Conclusions: Despite the enhanced self-reported psychopathology among AN, both groups indicated neurophysiological evidence of food craving regulation as evidenced by blunted LPP amplitudes in the relevant task condition. Further research is required to delineate the mechanisms associated with reduced overall P300 amplitudes among individuals with AN., This manuscript and research were supported by grants from the Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII) [FIS PI14/00290, PI17/01167 and cofounded by FEDER funds/European Regional Development Fund (ERDF), a way to build Europe]. CIBER Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBERobn) is an initiative of ISCIII. M.L-M and C.V-A are supported by a predoctoral grants of the Ministerio de Educacion, Cultura y Deporte (FPU15/02911 and FPU16/01453). Study resulting from the SLT006/17/00246 grant, funded by the Department of Health of the Generalitat de Catalunya by the call "Accio instrumental de programes de recerca orientats en l'ambit de la recerca i la innovacio en salut". We thank CERCA Programme/Generalitat de Catalunya for Institutional support.
Published: 2020

28. Human ventromedial prefrontal cortex and the positive affective processing of safety signals

Author: Carles Soriano-Mas, Ben J. Harrison, Ignacio Martínez-Zalacaín, Bram Vervliet, Jesús Pujol, Miquel A. Fullana, Esther Via, Christopher G. Davey, Narcís Cardoner, Tilo Kircher, and Benjamin Straube
Subjects: Adult, Male, Adolescent, Cognitive Neuroscience, Conditioning, Classical, Ventromedial prefrontal cortex, Prefrontal Cortex, Brain mapping, Developmental psychology, Discrimination Learning, Young Adult, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Neuroimaging, medicine, Humans, Discrimination learning, Prefrontal cortex, Default mode network, Adaptive behavior, Brain Mapping, medicine.diagnostic_test, Brain, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, 030227 psychiatry, Affect, medicine.anatomical_structure, Neurology, Female, Safety, Functional magnetic resonance imaging, Psychology, Neuroscience, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: Human functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies suggest that the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) contributes to the learned discrimination of threat and safety signals, although its precise contribution to these processes remains unclear. One hypothesis is that the vmPFC supports the positive affective processing of safety signals linked to their implicit stress-relieving properties. We set out to test this hypothesis and to examine the specificity of vmPFC responses to safety signal processing versus its high level of 'default mode' activity. Sixty participants completed an fMRI conditioning task that involved the generation of a conditioned threat (CS+) and safety (CS-) signal following the completion of a pre-conditioning baseline. Confirming past findings, activation of the vmPFC and other midline cortical and parietal areas - broadly resembling the default mode network - robustly discriminated between the CS- and CS+. However, when adjusting for this network's characteristic 'baseline' activity, only a subset of regions, including the vmPFC, was activated by the CS-. Regional selectivity for safety signal processing was confirmed by demonstrating a significant correlation between the magnitude of vmPFC responses and self-rated positive affect evoked by the CS-. Taken together, our current findings confirm a link between human vmPFC activity and the positive affective processing of safety signals. We discuss these findings with regards a broader model of human vmPFC function and its suggested higher-order contribution to emotionally adaptive behavior.
Published: 2017
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29. Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and amygdala function during cognitive reappraisal predicts weight restoration and emotion regulation impairment in anorexia nervosa

Author: Carles Soriano-Mas, Misericordia Veciana de las Heras, Trevor Steward, Susana Jiménez-Murcia, Nadine Riesco, Isabel Sánchez, Ignacio Martínez-Zalacaín, Fernando Fernández-Aranda, Jose A Fernández-Formoso, Gemma Mestre-Bach, Nuria Custal, and José M. Menchón
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, emotion regulation, Anorexia Nervosa, cognitive reappraisal, Emotions, Prefrontal Cortex, Audiology, Amygdala, Cognitive reappraisal, Cognition, Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex, Medicine, Scopus, Humans, Trastorns de la conducta alimentària, Applied Psychology, Neural correlates of consciousness, Brain Mapping, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, fMRI, Emocions, Anorèxia nerviosa, Anorexia nervosa, medicine.disease, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Emotional Regulation, Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, Psychiatry and Mental health, Eating disorders, medicine.anatomical_structure, Anorexia nervosa (differential diagnoses), JCR, Female, business, Functional magnetic resonance imaging, Body mass index
Abstract: BackgroundAlthough deficits in affective processing are a core component of anorexia nervosa (AN), we lack a detailed characterization of the neurobiological underpinnings of emotion regulation impairment in AN. Moreover, it remains unclear whether these neural correlates scale with clinical outcomes.MethodsWe investigated the neural correlates of negative emotion regulation in a sample of young women receiving day-hospital treatment for AN (n = 21) and healthy controls (n = 21). We aimed to determine whether aberrant brain activation patterns during emotion regulation predicted weight gain following treatment in AN patients and were linked to AN severity. To achieve this, participants completed a cognitive reappraisal paradigm during functional magnetic resonance imaging. Skin conductance response, as well as subjective distress ratings, were recorded to corroborate task engagement.ResultsCompared to controls, patients with AN showed reduced activation in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) during cognitive reappraisal [pFWEr = −0.511, p = 0.018) and eating disorder severity (r = −0.565, p = .008) in the AN group. Finally, dlPFC activity positively correlated with increases in body mass index (r = 0.471, p = 0.042) and in body fat mass percentage (r = 0.605, p = 0.008) following 12 weeks of treatment.ConclusionsTaken together, our findings indicate that individuals with AN present altered fronto-amygdalar response during cognitive reappraisal and that this response may serve as a predictor of response to treatment and be linked to clinical severity.
Published: 2020

30. Locus coeruleus connectivity alterations in late-life major depressive disorder during a visual oddball task

Author: Ramón Reñé-Ramírez, Inés del Cerro, Ignacio Martínez-Zalacaín, José M. Menchón, Isidre Ferrer, Carles Soriano-Mas, Carlos Aguilera, Pablo Naval-Baudin, Vanesa Viñas-Diez, Mikel Urretavizcaya, Jordi Gascón-Bayarri, Virginia Soria, and Andrés Guinea-Izquierdo
Subjects: Cognitive Neuroscience, Functional magnetic resonance imaging, lcsh:Computer applications to medicine. Medical informatics, behavioral disciplines and activities, 050105 experimental psychology, Late-life major depressive disorder, lcsh:RC346-429, Anterior cingulate cortex, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, mental disorders, medicine, Locus coeruleus, Humans, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, Depressió psíquica, Oddball paradigm, Depression (differential diagnoses), lcsh:Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system, ComputingMethodologies_COMPUTERGRAPHICS, Aged, Brain Mapping, Depressive Disorder, Major, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, 05 social sciences, Ressonància magnètica, Brain, Mild cognitive impairment, Regular Article, Cognition, medicine.disease, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, medicine.anatomical_structure, Mental depression, Neurology, Magnetic resonance, Major depressive disorder, lcsh:R858-859.7, Geriatric Depression Scale, Visual oddball task, Neurology (clinical), business, Neuroscience, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: Graphical abstract, Highlights • Patients with late-life MDD show lower global LC connectivity in an oddball task. • Lower LC connectivity was observed with the ACC, fusiform gyrus and cerebellum. • LC-ACC connectivity correlated with two different measures of depression severity., The Locus Coeruleus (LC) is the major source of noradrenergic neurotransmission. Structural alterations in the LC have been observed in neurodegenerative disorders and at-risk individuals, although functional connectivity studies between the LC and other brain areas have not been yet performed in these populations. Patients with late-life major depressive disorder (MDD) are indeed at increased risk for neurodegenerative disorders, and here we investigated LC connectivity in late-life MDD in comparison to individuals with amnestic type mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) and healthy controls (HCs). We assessed 20 patients with late-life MDD, 16 patients with aMCI, and 26 HCs, who underwent a functional magnetic resonance scan while performing a visual oddball task. We assessed task-related modulations of LC connectivity (i.e., Psychophysiological Interactions, PPI) with other brain areas. A T1-weighted fast spin-echo sequence for LC localization was also obtained. Patients with late-life MDD showed lower global connectivity during target detection in a cluster encompassing the right caudal LC. Specifically, we observed lower LC connectivity with the left anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), the right fusiform gyrus, and different cerebellar clusters. Moreover, alterations in LC-ACC connectivity correlated negatively with depression severity (i.e., Geriatric Depression Scale and number of recurrences). Reduced connectivity of the LC during oddball performance seems to specifically characterize patients with late-life MDD, but not other populations of aged individuals with cognitive alterations. Such alteration is associated with different measures of disease severity, such as the current presence of symptoms and the burden of disease (number of recurrences).
Published: 2020

31. What Difference Does it Make? Risk-Taking Behavior in Obesity after a Loss is Associated with Decreased Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex Activity

Author: Nuria Vilarrasa, Misericordia Veciana de las Heras, Carles Soriano-Mas, Susana Jiménez-Murcia, Amador García-Ruiz-de-Gordejuela, Nuria Custal, Fernando Fernández-Aranda, José M. Menchón, Gemma Mestre-Bach, Ignacio Martínez-Zalacaín, Trevor Steward, Asier Juaneda-Seguí, Rafael López-Urdiales, Jose A Fernández-Formoso, and Nuria Virgili
Subjects: Risk, Impulsivity, 050103 clinical psychology, medicine.medical_specialty, obesity, fmri, Ventromedial prefrontal cortex, impulsivity, lcsh:Medicine, Audiology, Prefrontal cortex, sensation seeking, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Magnetic resonance imaging, Reward, Fmri, Imatges per ressonància magnètica, Food choice, medicine, Sensation seeking, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Obesity, 10. No inequality, reward, risk, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, 05 social sciences, lcsh:R, General Medicine, 16. Peace & justice, medicine.disease, medicine.anatomical_structure, Escorça frontal, Obesitat, medicine.symptom, Functional magnetic resonance imaging, business, Risk taking, Insula, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, psychological phenomena and processes
Abstract: Altered activity in decision-making neural circuitry may underlie the maladaptive food choices found in obesity. Here, we aimed to identify the brain regions purportedly underpinning risk-taking behavior in individuals with obesity. Twenty-three adult women with obesity and twenty-three healthy weight controls completed the Risky Gains Task during functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). This task allows participants to choose between a safe option for a small, guaranteed monetary reward and risky options with larger rewards. fMRI analyses comparing losing trials to winning trials found that participants with obesity presented decreased activity in the left anterior insula in comparison to controls (p &lt, 0.05, AlphaSim corrected). Moreover, left insula activation during losses vs. wins was negatively correlated with UPPS-P questionnaire sensation seeking scores. During safe vs. risky trials following a loss, the control group exhibited increased activation in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) (p &lt, 0.05, AlphaSim corrected) in comparison to the OB group. Moreover, vmPFC response in the obesity group during post-loss trials was negatively correlated with risky choices on the task overall. As a whole, our findings support that diminished tuning of the insula towards interoceptive signals may lead to a lack of input to the vmPFC when weighing the costs and benefits of risky choices.
Published: 2019

32. Distinct Subcortical Volume Alterations in Pediatric and Adult OCD

Author: Federica Piras, Christine Lochner, Jan C. Beucke, José M. Menchón, Philip R. Szeszko, Hao Hu, Janardhanan C. Narayanaswamy, Damiaan Denys, Guido van Wingen, Yanni Liu, Luisa Lazaro, Jean Paul Fouche, Marcelo Queiroz Hoexter, Y. C.Janardhan Reddy, Silvia Brem, Paul D. Arnold, Sara Dallaspezia, Keisuke Ikari, Neda Jahanshad, Qing Zhao, Kang Ik Cho, Norbert Kathmann, Gianfranco Spalletta, Yuqi Cheng, Susanne Walitza, Derrek P. Hibar, Dan J. Stein, Christopher Pittenger, Odile A. van den Heuvel, Yoshinari Abe, Anushree Bose, David Mataix-Cols, Ganesan Venkatasubramanian, Je Yeon Yun, Ignacio Martínez-Zalacaín, Xiufeng Xu, João Ricardo Sato, Noam Soreni, Premika S.W. Boedhoe, Luciano Minuzzi, Carles Soriano-Mas, David F. Tolin, Kate D. Fitzgerald, Christian Kaufmann, Rachel Marsh, H. Blair Simpson, Fabrizio Piras, Zhen Wang, Michael C. Stevens, Lianne Schmaal, Marcelo C. Batistuzzo, Takashi Nakamae, Paul M. Thompson, Stephanie H. Ameis, Gregory L. Hanna, Irene Bollettini, Chaim Huyser, Kathrin Koch, Jun Soo Kwon, Mónica Giménez, Anna Calvo, Francesco Benedetti, Patricia Gruner, Jian Xu, Tomohiro Nakao, Universitat de Barcelona, Other departments, ANS - Amsterdam Neuroscience, Adult Psychiatry, Boedhoe, Premika S. W., Schmaal, Lianne, Abe, Yoshinari, Ameis, Stephanie H., Arnold, Paul D., Batistuzzo, Marcelo C., Benedetti, Francesco, Beucke, Jan C., Bollettini, Irene, Bose, Anushree, Brem, Silvia, Calvo, Anna, Cheng, Yuqi, Cho, Kang Ik, Dallaspezia, Sara, Denys, Damiaan, Fitzgerald, Kate D., Fouche, Jean-Paul, Giménez, Mònica, Gruner, Patricia, Hanna, Gregory L., Hibar, Derrek P., Hoexter, Marcelo Q., Hu, Hao, Huyser, Chaim, Ikari, Keisuke, Jahanshad, Neda, Kathmann, Norbert, Kaufmann, Christian, Koch, Kathrin, Kwon, Jun Soo, Lazaro, Luisa, Liu, Yanni, Lochner, Christine, Marsh, Rachel, Martínez-Zalacaín, Ignacio, Mataix-Cols, David, Menchón, José M., Minuzzi, Luciano, Nakamae, Takashi, Nakao, Tomohiro, Narayanaswamy, Janardhanan C., Piras, Fabrizio, Piras, Federica, Pittenger, Christopher, Reddy, Y. C. Janardhan, Sato, Joao R., Simpson, H. Blair, Soreni, Noam, Soriano-Mas, Carle, Spalletta, Gianfranco, Stevens, Michael C., Szeszko, Philip R., Tolin, David F., Venkatasubramanian, Ganesan, Walitza, Susanne, Wang, Zhen, Van Wingen, Guido A., Xu, Jian, Xu, Xiufeng, Yun, Je-Yeon, Zhao, Qing, Thompson, Paul M., Stein, Dan J., Van Den Heuvel, Odile A., Psychiatry, Anatomy and neurosciences, Amsterdam Neuroscience - Compulsivity, Impulsivity & Attention, and Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience (NIN)
Subjects: Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder, FreeSurfer, Audiology, Pediatrics, Hippocampus, 0302 clinical medicine, Neurodevelopmental disorder, Thalamus, Obsessive-compulsive disorder, Young adult, Child, Psychiatry, Pediatria, medicine.diagnostic_test, Healthy subjects, Organ Size, Middle Aged, Control subjects, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Psychiatry and Mental health, Psychiatry and Mental Health, Mega analysis, Psychology, Human, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, Neuroimaging, Globus Pallidus, behavioral disciplines and activities, Article, Malalts, 03 medical and health sciences, Young Adult, Hippocampu, mental disorders, medicine, Humans, Thalamu, Sick, Neurosi obsessiva, Globus Pallidu, Magnetic resonance imaging, Voxel-based morphometry, medicine.disease, 030227 psychiatry, Structural MRI, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: Objective: structural brain imaging studies in obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) have produced inconsistent findings. This may be partially due to limited statistical power from relatively small samples and clinical heterogeneity related to variation in illness profile and developmental stage. To address these limitations, the authors conducted meta and mega-analyses of data from OCD sites worldwide. Method: T-1 images from 1,830 OCD patients and 1,759 control subjects were analyzed, using coordinated and standardized processing, to identify subcortical brain volumes that differ between OCD patients and healthy subjects. The authors performed a meta analysis on the mean of the left and right hemisphere measures of each subcortical structure, and they performed a mega-analysis by pooling these volumetric measurements from each site. The authors additionally examined potential modulating effects of clinical characteristics on morphological differences in OCD patients. Results: the meta-analysis indicated that adult patients had significantly smaller hippocampal volumes (Cohen's d=-0.13; % difference=-2.80) and larger pallidum volumes (d=0.16; % difference=3.16) compared with adult controls. Both effects were stronger in medicated patients compared with controls (d=-0.29, % difference=-4.18, and d=0.29, % difference=4.38, respectively). Unmedicated pediatric patients had significantly larger thalamic volumes (d=0.38, % difference=3.08) compared with pediatric controls. None of these findings were mediated by sample characteristics, such as mean age or scanning field strength. The mega-analysis yielded similar results. Conclusions: the results indicate different patterns of sub cortical abnormalities in pediatric and adult OCD patients. The patlidum and hippocampus seem to be of importance in adult OCD, whereas the thalamus seems to be key in pediatric OCD. These findings highlight the potential importance of neurodevelopmental alterations in OCD and suggest that further research on neuroplasticity in OCD may be useful.
Published: 2017
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33. 10Kin1day: A bottom-up neuroimaging initiative

Author: Christiaan H. Vinkers, Franziskus Liem, Ronny Redlich, Veronica A. Witte, Veronica O’Keane, Axel Krug, Michael V. Lombardo, Susan Mérillat, Laurena Holleran, Fredica Agosta, Irina S. Lebedeva, Ignacio Martínez-Zalacaín, Carlos López-Jaramillo, Bob Oranje, Martijn P. van den Heuvel, Wiepke Cahn, Eric Y.H. Chen, Bruno Dietsche, Simon J.G. Lewis, Frauke Beyer, Vladimir S. Kostic, Martin Reuter, Arno Villringer, Linda Booij, Paul E. Rasser, Andreas Jansen, Jonathan Repple, Colm McDonald, Sebastiaan Wf Neggers, Massimo Filippi, Lea Waller, Genevieve McPhilemy, Soraya Seedat, Benedicto Crespo-Facorro, Julie M. Hall, Pedro Morgado, Kees P.J. Braun, Krzysztof Narkiewicz, David Mothersill, Dominik Grotegerd, Patrycja Naumczyk, Christian Montag, Leila Nabulsi, Thomas Frodl, Gary Donohoe, Stefan Du Plessis, Eveline A. Crone, Víctor Ortiz-García de la Foz, Robin Emsley, Manon J. N. L. Benders, Martin Gorges, Krzysztof Jodzio, Rosemary Holt, Pablo Najt, Devon Shook, Vasiliy G. Kaleda, Ulrich Schall, Marcus V. Zanetti, Sarah Durston, Daniel S. Margulies, Tilo Kircher, Carles Soriano-Mas, Amber N. V. Ruigrok, Stephen M. Lawrie, Lianne H. Scholtens, Henrik Walter, Edyta Szurowska, Andrew M. McIntosh, Tiffany M. Chaim-Avancini, Tristram A. Lett, Christian Vollmar, Edwin Ho Ming Lee, Stavros Skouras, Martijn G.J.C. Koevoets, Diana Tordesillas-Gutierrez, Neeltje E.M. van Haren, Udo Dannlowski, Jiska S. Peper, Sandra S. M. Chan, Paulo Marques, Silvia Basaia, Rui Zhang, Jan Kassubek, Z Julian A Pineda, Beata Graff, Joanna Goc, Helene J. Hopman, Heather C. Whalley, Hans-Peter Müller, Dariusz Gąsecki, Mauricio H. Serpa, Theo G.M. van Erp, Nuno Sousa, Pedro G.P. Rosa, Geraldo Busatto Filho, Clara Alloza, Sebastian Markett, Judith M.C. van Leeuwen, Shahrzad Kharabian Masouleh, José M. Menchón, Alexander S Tomyshev, Simon Baron-Cohen, Siemon C. de Lange, Lutz Jäncke, Sofie L. Valk, Leonard H. van den Berg, Marta Witkowska, Leonardo Tozzi, Pedro Moreira, Sonja M C de Zwarte, Ana M. Díaz-Zuluaga, Hannelore K. van der Burgh, Susanne Meinert, Agnieszka Sabisz, and Dara M. Cannon
Subjects: Cognitive science, 0303 health sciences, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Neuroimaging, Computer science, Event (relativity), Connectome, Top-down and bottom-up design, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, 030304 developmental biology
Abstract: We organized 10Kin1day, a pop-up scientific event with the goal to bring together neuroimaging groups from around the world to jointly analyze 10,000+ existing MRI connectivity datasets during a 3-day workshop. In this report, we describe the motivation and principles of 10Kin1day, together with a public release of 8,000+ MRI connectome maps of the human brain.
Published: 2019
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34. A multimodal MRI study of the neural mechanisms of emotion regulation impairment in women with obesity

Author: Jose A Fernández-Formoso, Nuria Vilarrasa, Ignacio Martínez-Zalacaín, Rafael López-Urdiales, Gemma Mestre-Bach, Trevor Steward, Misericordia Veciana de las Heras, Maria Suñol, Maria Picó-Pérez, Fernando Fernández-Aranda, Carles Soriano-Mas, Susana Jiménez-Murcia, Nuria Custal, Roser Granero, Amador García-Ruiz-de-Gordejuela, Nuria Virgili, José M. Menchón, and Universidade do Minho
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Medicina Básica [Ciências Médicas], Emotions, Dones, Multimodal Imaging, 0302 clinical medicine, Cortex (anatomy), Overeating, Nerve net, Middle aged, medicine.diagnostic_test, White matter, Brain, Middle Aged, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, White Matter, Psychiatry and Mental health, Diffusion Tensor Imaging, medicine.anatomical_structure, Diffusion tensor imaging, Ciências Médicas::Medicina Básica, Obesitat, Female, Psychology, Adult, Adolescent, Uncinate fasciculus, Article, lcsh:RC321-571, Cognitive reappraisal, Young Adult, 03 medical and health sciences, Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, Magnetic resonance imaging, Multimodal imaging, Human behaviour, medicine, Humans, Women, Obesity, lcsh:Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry, Biological Psychiatry, Science & Technology, Emocions, Emotional Regulation, 030104 developmental biology, Visual cortex, Young adult, Nerve Net, Psychiatric disorders, Hypoactivity, Neuroscience, Emotional regulation, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Diffusion MRI
Abstract: Maladaptive emotion regulation contributes to overeating and impedes weight loss. Our study aimed to compare the voluntary downregulation of negative emotions by means of cognitive reappraisal in adult women with obesity (OB) and female healthy controls (HC) using a data-driven, multimodal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) approach. Women with OB (n = 24) and HC (n = 25) carried out an emotion regulation task during functional MRI scanning. Seed-to-voxel resting-state connectivity patterns derived from activation peaks identified by this task were compared between groups. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) was used to examine white matter microstructure integrity between regions exhibiting group differences in resting-state functional connectivity. Participants in the OB group presented reduced activation in the ventromedial prefrontal (vmPFC) cortex in comparison to the HC group when downregulating negative emotions, along with heightened activation in the extrastriate visual cortex (p, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII) (FIS PI14/00290, PI17/ 01167; PI13/01958) and co-funded by FEDER funds/European Regional Development Fund (ERDF), a way to build Europe. CIBERobn and CIBERsam are both initiatives of ISCIII. M.P.-P. and G.M.-B. are supported by predoctoral AGAUR grants (2015 FI_B 00839 and 2018 FI_B2 00174), grants co-funded by the European Social Fund (ESF) “ESF”, investing in your future. I.M.-Z. receives support from a P-FIS Carlos III grant (FI17/00294). M.S. is supported by a CIBERSAM PhD grant (CNV665/914). C.S.-M. is supported by a Miguel Servet contract from the Carlos III Health Institute (CPII16/00048). Study resulting from the SLT006/17/00246 grant, funded by the Department of Health of the Generalitat de Catalunya from the call “Acció instrumental de programes de recerca orientats en l'àmbit de la recerca i la innovació en salut”. We thank CERCA Program/Generalitat de Catalunya for institutional support. Additional support received from EU Grant Eat2beNice (H2020-SFS-2016-2; Ref 728018)
Published: 2019

35. Brain Volumetric Correlates of Right Unilateral Versus Bitemporal Electroconvulsive Therapy for Treatment-Resistant Depression

Author: Narcís Cardoner, Jesús Pujol, Ignacio Martínez-Zalacaín, Nikos Makris, Joan A. Camprodon, José M. Menchón, Erik Lee, Marta Cano, Mikel Urretavizcaya, Rosa Hernández-Ribas, Carles Soriano-Mas, Michael M. Henry, Oren Contreras-Rodríguez, and Esther Via
Subjects: Adult, Male, Electroteràpia, Electrotherapeutics, medicine.medical_treatment, behavioral disciplines and activities, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, Depressive Disorder, Treatment-Resistant, 0302 clinical medicine, Electroconvulsive therapy, mental disorders, medicine, Limbic System, Humans, Depressió psíquica, Cervell, Electroconvulsive Therapy, Electrode placement, Selection (genetic algorithm), Cerebral Cortex, business.industry, Brain morphometry, Brain, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, 030227 psychiatry, Psychiatry and Mental health, Diagnòstic per la imatge, Mental depression, Treatment Outcome, Anesthesia, Diagnostic imaging, Female, Neurology (clinical), business, Treatment-resistant depression, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: Objective: The selection of a bitemporal (BT) or right unilateral (RUL) electrode placement affects the efficacy and side effects of ECT. Previous studies have not entirely described the neurobiological underpinnings of such differential effects. Recent neuroimaging research on gray matter volumes is contributing to our understanding of the mechanism of action of ECT and could clarify the differential mechanisms of BT and RUL ECT. Methods: To assess the whole-brain gray matter volumetric changes observed after treating patients with treatment-resistant depression with BT or RUL ECT, the authors used MRI to assess 24 study subjects with treatment-resistant depression (bifrontotemporal ECT, N=12; RUL ECT, N=12) at two time points (before the first ECT session and after ECT completion). Results: Study subjects receiving BT ECT showed gray matter volume increases in the bilateral limbic system, but subjects treated with RUL ECT showed gray matter volume increases limited to the right hemisphere. The authors observed significant differences between the two groups in midtemporal and subcortical limbic structures in the left hemisphere. Conclusions: These findings highlight that ECT-induced gray matter volume increases may be specifically observed in the stimulated hemispheres. The authors suggest that electrode placement may relevantly contribute to the development of personalized ECT protocols.
Published: 2018

36. Altered functional connectivity of the subthalamus and the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis in obsessive-compulsive disorder

Author: Carles Soriano-Mas, Marta Subirà, Eva Real, P. Alonso, Narcís Cardoner, Jesús Pujol, M. Cano Català, Ignacio Martínez-Zalacaín, José M. Menchón, and Cinto Segalàs
Subjects: Male, Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder, Physiology, Deep Brain Stimulation, medicine.medical_treatment, 0302 clinical medicine, Cortex (anatomy), Pathology, Pharmacology (medical), Applied Psychology, Functional connectivity, General Neuroscience, Behavior disorders, Subthalamus, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Patologia, Psychiatry and Mental health, Subthalamic nucleus, Diagnòstic per la imatge, medicine.anatomical_structure, Neurology, Regression Analysis, Diagnostic imaging, Female, Trastorns de la conducta, Adult, Deep brain stimulation, Biophysics, Fisiologia, Biology, Nucleus accumbens, Statistical parametric mapping, lcsh:RC321-571, 03 medical and health sciences, Young Adult, Obsessive compulsive, medicine, Humans, lcsh:Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry, Biological Psychiatry, Pharmacology, Lenticular nucleus, business.industry, 030227 psychiatry, Stria terminalis, nervous system, Spain, Case-Control Studies, Septal Nuclei, Neurology (clinical), business, Nucleus, Neuroscience, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: BackgroundThe assessment of inter-regional functional connectivity (FC) has allowed for the description of the putative mechanism of action of treatments such as deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the nucleus accumbens in patients with obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD). Nevertheless, the possible FC alterations of other clinically-effective DBS targets have not been explored. Here we evaluated the FC patterns of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) and the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST) in patients with OCD, as well as their association with symptom severity.MethodsEighty-six patients with OCD and 104 healthy participants were recruited. A resting-state image was acquired for each participant and a seed-based analysis focused on our two regions of interest was performed using statistical parametric mapping software (SPM8). Between-group differences in FC patterns were assessed with two-sample t test models, while the association between symptom severity and FC patterns was assessed with multiple regression analyses.ResultsIn comparison with controls, patients with OCD showed: (1) increased FC between the left STN and the right pre-motor cortex, (2) decreased FC between the right STN and the lenticular nuclei, and (3) increased FC between the left BNST and the right frontopolar cortex. Multiple regression analyses revealed a negative association between clinical severity and FC between the right STN and lenticular nucleus.ConclusionsThis study provides a neurobiological framework to understand the mechanism of action of DBS on the STN and the BNST, which seems to involve brain circuits related with motor response inhibition and anxiety control, respectively.
Published: 2018

37. A neural mediator of human anxiety sensitivity

Author: Ignacio Martínez-Zalacaín, Marina López-Solà, Daniella Tinoco-González, Jesús Pujol, Esther Via, José M. Menchón, Victor Perez Sola, Christopher G. Davey, Ben J. Harrison, Carles Soriano-Mas, Narcís Cardoner, and Miquel A. Fullana
Subjects: Fear processing in the brain, Radiological and Ultrasound Technology, medicine.diagnostic_test, Neural substrate, Panic disorder, Insular cortex, medicine.disease, Neurology, medicine, Anxiety sensitivity, Anxiety, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, Neurology (clinical), Fear conditioning, Anatomy, medicine.symptom, Psychology, Functional magnetic resonance imaging, Neuroscience, Cognitive psychology
Abstract: Advances in the neuroscientific understanding of bodily autonomic awareness, or interoception, have led to the hypothesis that human trait anxiety sensitivity (AS)-the fear of bodily autonomic arousal-is primarily mediated by the anterior insular cortex. Despite broad appeal, few experimental studies have comprehensively addressed this hypothesis. We recruited 55 individuals exhibiting a range of AS and assessed them with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during aversive fear conditioning. For each participant, three primary measures of interest were derived: a trait Anxiety Sensitivity Index score; an in-scanner rating of elevated bodily anxiety sensations during fear conditioning; and a corresponding estimate of whole-brain functional activation to the conditioned versus nonconditioned stimuli. Using a voxel-wise mediation analysis framework, we formally tested for 'neural mediators' of the predicted association between trait AS score and in-scanner anxiety sensations during fear conditioning. Contrary to the anterior insular hypothesis, no evidence of significant mediation was observed for this brain region, which was instead linked to perceived anxiety sensations independently from AS. Evidence for significant mediation was obtained for the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex-a finding that we argue is more consistent with the hypothesized role of human cingulofrontal cortex in conscious threat appraisal processes, including threat-overestimation. This study offers an important neurobiological validation of the AS construct and identifies a specific neural substrate that may underlie high AS clinical phenotypes, including but not limited to panic disorder.
Published: 2015
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38. Ventromedial prefrontal cortex activity and pathological worry in generalised anxiety disorder

Author: J.M. Menchón, Tilo Kircher, Ignacio Martínez-Zalacaín, Ben J. Harrison, Narcís Cardoner, Carles Soriano-Mas, Miquel A. Fullana, Benjamin Straube, Daniella Tinoco-González, Jesús Pujol, Ximena Goldberg, Esther Via, and Christopher G. Davey
Subjects: Adult, Male, Adolescent, media_common.quotation_subject, medicine.medical_treatment, Ventromedial prefrontal cortex, Prefrontal Cortex, Anxiety, Brain mapping, Young Adult, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, medicine, Humans, Fear conditioning, Prefrontal cortex, Pathological, media_common, Brain Mapping, business.industry, Anxiety Disorders, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, 030227 psychiatry, Cognitive behavioral therapy, Psychiatry and Mental health, medicine.anatomical_structure, Case-Control Studies, Female, Worry, medicine.symptom, business, Neuroscience, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: BackgroundPathological worry is a hallmark feature of generalised anxiety disorder (GAD), associated with dysfunctional emotional processing. The ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) is involved in the regulation of such processes, but the link between vmPFC emotional responses and pathological v. adaptive worry has not yet been examined.AimsTo study the association between worry and vmPFC activity evoked by the processing of learned safety and threat signals.MethodIn total, 27 unmedicated patients with GAD and 56 healthy controls (HC) underwent a differential fear conditioning paradigm during functional magnetic resonance imaging.ResultsCompared to HC, the GAD group demonstrated reduced vmPFC activation to safety signals and no safety–threat processing differentiation. This response was positively correlated with worry severity in GAD, whereas the same variables showed a negative and weak correlation in HC.ConclusionsPoor vmPFC safety–threat differentiation might characterise GAD, and its distinctive association with GAD worries suggests a neural-based qualitative difference between healthy and pathological worries.Declaration of interestNone.
Published: 2018

39. A common brain network among state, trait, and pathological anxiety from whole-brain functional connectivity

Author: Seiji Nishida, Carles Soriano-Mas, Saori C. Tanaka, Yu Takagi, Ben J. Harrison, Jin Narumoto, Yoshinari Abe, Yuki Sakai, and Ignacio Martínez-Zalacaín
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Male, Neural substrate, Cognitive Neuroscience, Anxiety, 03 medical and health sciences, Young Adult, 0302 clinical medicine, Neuroimaging, Aprenentatge automàtic, Machine learning, medicine, Connectome, Humans, medicine.diagnostic_test, Perspective (graphical), Brain, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Ansietat, 030104 developmental biology, Neurology, Trait, Orbitofrontal cortex, Female, medicine.symptom, Nerve Net, Functional magnetic resonance imaging, Psychology, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Clinical psychology
Abstract: Anxiety is one of the most common mental states of humans. Although it drives us to avoid frightening situations and to achieve our goals, it may also impose significant suffering and burden if it becomes extreme. Because we experience anxiety in a variety of forms, previous studies investigated neural substrates of anxiety in a variety of ways. These studies revealed that individuals with high state, trait, or pathological anxiety showed altered neural substrates. However, no studies have directly investigated whether the different dimensions of anxiety share a common neural substrate, despite its theoretical and practical importance. Here, we investigated a brain network of anxiety shared by different dimensions of anxiety in a unified analytical framework using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). We analyzed different datasets in a single scale, which was defined by an anxiety-related brain network derived from whole brain. We first conducted the anxiety provocation task with healthy participants who tended to feel anxiety related to obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) in their daily life. We found a common state anxiety brain network across participants (1585 trials obtained from 10 participants). Then, using the resting-state fMRI in combination with the participants' behavioral trait anxiety scale scores (879 participants from the Human Connectome Project), we demonstrated that trait anxiety shared the same brain network as state anxiety. Furthermore, the brain network between common to state and trait anxiety could detect patients with OCD, which is characterized by pathological anxiety-driven behaviors (174 participants from multi-site datasets). Our findings provide direct evidence that different dimensions of anxiety have a substantial biological inter-relationship. Our results also provide a biologically defined dimension of anxiety, which may promote further investigation of various human characteristics, including psychiatric disorders, from the perspective of anxiety.
Published: 2018

40. Cortical Abnormalities Associated With Pediatric and Adult Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: Findings From the ENIGMA Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Working Group

Author: Alan Anticevic, Valentina Ciullo, Janardhanan C. Narayanaswamy, Paul D. Arnold, Pino Alonso, Seiji Nishida, Luisa Lázaro, Christine Lochner, Zhen Wang, Joseph O'Neill, Silvia Brem, Guido A. Van Wingen, Jean Paul Fouche, Marcelo Queiroz Hoexter, Y. C.Janardhan Reddy, Michael C. Stevens, Stephanie H. Ameis, Fabrizio Piras, Jun Soo Kwon, Rosa Calvo, Marcelo C. Batistuzzo, Gregory L. Hanna, Yoshinari Abe, Yuki Sakai, David F. Tolin, Irene Bollettini, Kathrin Koch, H. Blair Simpson, Noam Soreni, Erika L. Nurmi, Kang Ik Kevin Cho, Luciano Minuzzi, Jan C. Beucke, Susanne Walitza, Jamie D. Feusner, Derrek P. Hibar, Chaim Huyser, Anna Calvo, Tomohiro Nakao, Ignacio Martínez-Zalacaín, Patricia Gruner, Francesco Benedetti, Je Yeon Yun, David Mataix-Cols, Paul M. Thompson, Odile A. van den Heuvel, Anthony A. James, Premika S.W. Boedhoe, Yuqi Cheng, Hao Hu, Tim Jonas Reess, John Piacentini, Carles Soriano-Mas, Neda Jahanshad, Kate D. Fitzgerald, Astrid Morer, Sara Dallaspezia, Gianfranco Spalletta, Dan J. Stein, Takashi Nakamae, João Ricardo Sato, Egill A. Fridgeirsson, Christian Kaufmann, Ganesan Venkatasubramanian, Philip R. Szeszko, Lianne Schmaal, Rachel Marsh, Norbert Kathmann, Anushree Bose, Federica Piras, José M. Menchón, D. Denys, Anatomy and neurosciences, Psychiatry, Amsterdam Neuroscience - Compulsivity, Impulsivity & Attention, Boedhoe, Premika S W, Schmaal, Lianne, Abe, Yoshinari, Alonso, Pino, Ameis, Stephanie H, Anticevic, Alan, Arnold, Paul D, Batistuzzo, Marcelo C, Benedetti, Francesco, Beucke, Jan C, Bollettini, Irene, Bose, Anushree, Brem, Silvia, Calvo, Anna, Calvo, Rosa, Cheng, Yuqi, Cho, Kang Ik K, Ciullo, Valentina, Dallaspezia, Sara, Denys, Damiaan, Feusner, Jamie D, Fitzgerald, Kate D, Fouche, Jean-Paul, Fridgeirsson, Egill A, Gruner, Patricia, Hanna, Gregory L, Hibar, Derrek P, Hoexter, Marcelo Q, Hu, Hao, Huyser, Chaim, Jahanshad, Neda, James, Anthony, Kathmann, Norbert, Kaufmann, Christian, Koch, Kathrin, Kwon, Jun Soo, Lazaro, Luisa, Lochner, Christine, Marsh, Rachel, Martínez-Zalacaín, Ignacio, Mataix-Cols, David, Menchón, José M, Minuzzi, Luciano, Morer, Astrid, Nakamae, Takashi, Nakao, Tomohiro, Narayanaswamy, Janardhanan C, Nishida, Seiji, Nurmi, Erika, O'Neill, Joseph, Piacentini, John, Piras, Fabrizio, Piras, Federica, Reddy, Y C Janardhan, Reess, Tim J, Sakai, Yuki, Sato, Joao R, Simpson, H Blair, Soreni, Noam, Soriano-Mas, Carle, Spalletta, Gianfranco, Stevens, Michael C, Szeszko, Philip R, Tolin, David F, van Wingen, Guido A, Venkatasubramanian, Ganesan, Walitza, Susanne, Wang, Zhen, Yun, Je-Yeon, Thompson, Paul M, Stein, Dan J, van den Heuvel, Odile A, ANS - Compulsivity, Impulsivity & Attention, Adult Psychiatry, Graduate School, Child Psychiatry, and Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience (NIN)
Subjects: Adult, Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, FreeSurfer, behavioral disciplines and activities, Article, Temporal lobe, Young Adult, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Neuroimaging, Reference Values, Cortical abnormalities, Parietal Lobe, mental disorders, Journal Article, medicine, Obsessive-compulsive disorder, Humans, Cortical Thickne, Age of Onset, Young adult, Child, Psychiatry, Cerebral Cortex, Neurosi obsessiva, Parietal lobe, Surface Area, Voxel-based morphometry, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Temporal Lobe, humanities, Frontal Lobe, 030227 psychiatry, Psychiatry and Mental health, Diagnòstic per la imatge, Frontal lobe, Diagnostic imaging, Age of onset, Psychology, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, MRI
Abstract: Objective: Brain imaging studies of structural abnormalities in OCD have yielded inconsistent results, partly because of limited statistical power, clinical heterogeneity, and methodological differences. The authors conducted meta- and mega-analyses comprising the largest study of cortical morphometry in OCD ever undertaken. Method: T1-weighted MRI scans of 1,905 OCD patients and 1,760 healthy controls from 27 sites worldwide were processed locally using FreeSurfer to assess cortical thickness and surface area. Effect sizes for differences between patients and controls, and associations with clinical characteristics, were calculated using linear regression models controlling for age, sex, site, and intracranial volume. Results: In adult OCD patients versus controls, we found a significantly lower surface area for the transverse temporal cortexand a thinner inferiorparietalcortex.Medicated adult OCD patients also showed thinner cortices throughout the brain. In pediatric OCD patients compared with controls, we found significantly thinner inferior and superior parietal cortices, but none of the regions analyzed showedsignificant differences in surface area. However, medicated pediatric OCD patients had lower surface area in frontal regions. Cohen's d effect sizes varied from 20.10 to 20.33. Conclusions: The parietal cortex was consistently implicated in both adults and children with OCD. More widespread cortical thickness abnormalities were found in medicated adult OCD patients, and more pronounced surface area deficits (mainly in frontal regions) were found in medicated pediatric OCD patients. These cortical measures represent distinct morphological features and may be differentially affected during different stages of development and illness, and possibly moderated by disease profile and medication.
Published: 2018
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41. A common neural network among state, trait, and pathological anxiety from whole-brain functional connectivity

Author: Yuki Sakai, Yoshinari Abe, Ignacio Martínez-Zalacaín, Carles Soriano-Mas, Ben J. Harrison, Seiji Nishida, Yu Takagi, Jin Narumoto, and Saori C. Tanaka
Subjects: Human Connectome Project, Artificial neural network, medicine.diagnostic_test, Neural substrate, Perspective (graphical), 030227 psychiatry, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Trait, medicine, Anxiety, medicine.symptom, Psychology, Functional magnetic resonance imaging, Pathological, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Cognitive psychology
Abstract: Anxiety is one of the most common mental states of humans. Although it drives us to avoid frightening situations and to achieve our goals, it may also impose significant suffering and burden if it becomes extreme. Because we experience anxiety in a variety of forms, previous studies investigated neural substrates of anxiety in a variety of ways. These studies revealed that individuals with high state, trait, or pathological anxiety showed altered neural substrates. However, no studies have directly investigated whether the different dimensions of anxiety share a common neural substrate, despite its theoretical and practical importance. Here, we investigated a neural network of anxiety shared by different dimensions of anxiety in a unified analytical framework using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). We analyzed different datasets in a single scale, which was defined by an anxiety-related neural network derived from whole brain. Through the fMRI task for provoking anxiety, we found a common neural network of state anxiety across participants (1,638 trials obtained from 10 participants). Then, using the resting-state fMRI in combination with the participants’ trait anxiety scale (879 participants from the Human Connectome Project), we demonstrated that trait anxiety also shared the same neural network as state anxiety. Furthermore, the common neural network between state and trait anxiety could detect patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder, which is characterized by pathological anxiety-driven behaviors (174 participants from multi-site datasets). Our findings provide direct evidence that different dimensions of anxiety are not completely independent but have a substantial biological inter-relationship. Our results also provide a biologically defined dimension of anxiety, which may promote further investigation of various human characteristics, including psychiatric disorders, from the perspective of anxiety.
Published: 2017
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42. Brain substrates of unhealthy versus healthy food choices: influence of homeostatic status and body mass index

Author: Fernanda Mata, Ignacio Martínez-Zalacaín, Carles Soriano-Mas, S Orlandea, Ian H. Harding, Antonio Verdejo-García, Eric Stice, and Zane B. Andrews
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Gerontology, Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Ventromedial prefrontal cortex, Medicine (miscellaneous), Overweight, Audiology, Satiety Response, Body Mass Index, Cohort Studies, 03 medical and health sciences, Food Preferences, Young Adult, 0302 clinical medicine, medicine, Humans, Obesity, Nutrition and Dietetics, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, digestive, oral, and skin physiology, Brain, Fasting, medicine.disease, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, 030104 developmental biology, medicine.anatomical_structure, Hypothalamus, Posterior cingulate, Female, medicine.symptom, Diet, Healthy, Functional magnetic resonance imaging, business, Body mass index, Weight gain, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: Unhealthy dietary choices are a major contributor to harmful weight gain and obesity. This study interrogated the brain substrates of unhealthy versus healthy food choices in vivo, and evaluated the influence of hunger state and body mass index (BMI) on brain activation and connectivity. Thirty adults (BMI: 18–38 kg m−2) performed a food-choice task involving preference-based selection between beverage pairs consisting of high-calorie (unhealthy) or low-calorie (healthy) options, concurrent with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Selected food stimuli were delivered to participants using an MRI-compatible gustometer. fMRI scans were performed both after 10-h fasting and when sated. Brain activation and hypothalamic functional connectivity were assessed when selecting between unhealthy–healthy beverage pairings, relative to unhealthy–unhealthy and healthy–healthy options. Results were considered significant at cluster-based family-wise error corrected P
Published: 2017

43. The Bed Nucleus of the Stria Terminalis as a Brain Correlate of Psychological Inflexibility in Fibromyalgia

Author: Xavier Borrás, Albert Feliu-Soler, Nicolás Fayed, Adrián Pérez-Aranda, Christian Núñez, Ignacio Martínez-Zalacaín, Laura Andrés-Rodríguez, Juan P. Sanabria-Mazo, Carles Soriano-Mas, Juan V. Luciano, and Christian Stephan-Otto
Subjects: musculoskeletal diseases, mindfulness, Fibromyalgia, Mindfulness, Clinical psychology, lcsh:Medicine, Neuroimaging, Article, 050105 experimental psychology, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, medicine, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, In patient, bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, fibromyalgia, mindfulness, neuroimaging, psychological inflexibility, Bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, Psicologia clínica, neuroimaging, Fibromiàlgia, business.industry, lcsh:R, 05 social sciences, Chronic pain, General Medicine, Pain scale, medicine.disease, Stria terminalis, medicine.anatomical_structure, lipids (amino acids, peptides, and proteins), fibromyalgia, Psychological inflexibility, business, psychological inflexibility, Nucleus, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: This study explored the brain structural correlates of psychological flexibility (PF) as measured with the Psychological Inflexibility in Pain Scale (PIPS) in patients with fibromyalgia (FM). Structural magnetic resonance imaging data from 47 FM patients were used to identify Gray Matter Volume (GMV) alterations related to PIPS scores. Brain GMV clusters related to PIPS were then correlated with clinical and cognitive variables to further explore how emerged brain clusters were intertwined with FM symptomatology. Longitudinal changes in PIPS-related brain clusters values were assessed by studying pre&ndash, post data from 30 patients (15 allocated to a mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) program and 15 to treatment-as-usual). Changes in PIPS-related brain clusters were also explored in participants showing greater/lower longitudinal changes in PIPS scores. PIPS scores were positively associated with GMV in a bilateral cluster in the ventral part of the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST). Significant associations between BNST cluster with functional impairment, depressive symptomatology, perceived stress and the nonjudging mindfulness facet were observed. Participants reporting greater pre&ndash, post increases in PIPS scores showed greater increases in BNST cluster values. These findings contribute to the understanding on the neurobiological bases of PF in FM and encourage further explorations of the role of the BNST in chronic pain.
Published: 2020
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44. Optimized Multielectrode tDCS Modulates Corticolimbic Networks

Author: Marta Subirà, Guillem Mitja, Josep Munuera, Ignacio Martínez-Zalacaín, Cristian M. Ruiz de Lara, Carles Soriano-Mas, Giulio Ruffini, Oscar Ripolles, Narcís Cardoner, José M. Menchón, and Esther Via
Subjects: business.industry, General Neuroscience, 05 social sciences, Biophysics, 050105 experimental psychology, lcsh:RC321-571, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Medicine, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Neurology (clinical), business, lcsh:Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Published: 2017

45. Brain structural correlates of obsessive–compulsive disorder with and without preceding stressful life events

Author: Javier Labad, José M. Menchón, Susana Jiménez-Murcia, Ignacio Martínez-Zalacaín, Narcís Cardoner, Pino Alonso, Clara López-Solà, Esther Via, C. Orfila, Cinto Segalàs, Marta Subirà, Carles Soriano-Mas, and Eva Real
Subjects: Obsessive–compulsive disorder, Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder, MRI, Statistics as Topic, Comorbidity, behavioral disciplines and activities, brain imaging, Life Change Events, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Neuroimaging, Obsessive compulsive, Reference Values, Risk Factors, mental disorders, Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted, Interview, Psychological, medicine, stress, Humans, Gray Matter, Psychiatry, Dominance, Cerebral, Biological Psychiatry, anxiety disorders, Life events, Brain, Organ Size, Middle Aged, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, 030227 psychiatry, Psychiatry and Mental health, Female, Psychology, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: Objectives There is growing evidence supporting a role for stressful life events (SLEs) at obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) onset, but neurobiological correlates of such effect are not known. We evaluated regional grey matter (GM) changes associated with the presence/absence of SLEs at OCD onset. Methods One hundred and twenty-four OCD patients and 112 healthy controls were recruited. Patients were split into two groups according to the presence (n = 56) or absence (n = 68) of SLEs at disorder’s onset. A structural magnetic resonance image was acquired for each participant and pre-processed with Statistical Parametric Mapping software (SPM8) to obtain a volume-modulated GM map. Between-group differences in sociodemographic, clinical and whole-brain regional GM volumes were assessed. Results SLEs were associated with female sex, later age at disorder’s onset, more contamination/cleaning and less hoarding symptoms. In comparison with controls, patients without SLEs showed GM volume increases in bilateral dorsal putamen and the central tegmental tract of the brainstem. By contrast, patients with SLEs showed specific GM volume increases in the right anterior cerebellum. Conclusions Our findings support the idea that neuroanatomical alterations of OCD patients partially depend on the presence of SLEs at disorder’s onset.
Published: 2016
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46. Human subcortical brain asymmetries in 15,847 people worldwide reveal effects of age and sex

Author: Derek W. Morris, Carles Soriano-Mas, Tomáš Paus, Henrik Walter, Dick J. Veltman, Yuqi Cheng, Benjamin S. Aribisala, Anna Cattrell, Hilleke E. Hulshoff Pol, Vatche G. Baboyan, Simon E. Fisher, Michael N. Smolka, Saskia P. Hagenaars, Sarah Jurk, Roberto Roiz-Santiañez, Nicholas G. Martin, Lars T. Westlye, Odile A. van den Heuvel, Lucija Abramovic, Jan Egil Nordvik, Guillén Fernández, Jürgen Gallinat, Je Yeon Yun, Benson Mwangi, Ignacio Martínez-Zalacaín, Bernd Kraemer, Gareth J. Barker, José M. Menchón, Marie-Laure Paillère Martinot, Zhen Wang, Jan K. Buitelaar, Jean-Luc Martinot, Herve Lemaitre, Aiden Corvin, Henry Brodaty, Thomas Wolfers, Silvia Brem, Christine Lochner, Derrek P. Hibar, Susanne Walitza, Susana Muñoz Maniega, Premika S.W. Boedhoe, Nathalie Tzourio-Mazoyer, Uli Bromberg, Sonja M C de Zwarte, Dan J. Stein, Mark E. Bastin, Clyde Francks, Tobias U. Hauser, Sinead Kelly, Hugh Garavan, Omar Mothersill, Gary Donohoe, Neda Jahanshad, Greig I. de Zubicaray, Yoshinari Abe, Roel A. Ophoff, Christian Büchel, Esther Walton, Pieter J. Hoekstra, Nils Opel, Gunter Schumann, Jian Xu, Dara M. Cannon, Elena Shumskaya, Ingrid Agartz, Bernhard T. Baune, A. Marten H. Onnink, Tomohiro Nakao, Rosa Ayesa-Arriola, David Mataix-Cols, Sylvane Desrivières, Klaus-Peter Lesch, Paul Pauli, Wei Wen, Nora C. Vetter, Martine Hoogman, Ganesan Venkatasubramanian, Miguel E. Rentería, Ole A. Andreassen, Penny A. Gowland, Ian J. Deary, Patricia J. Conrod, Nicola J. Armstrong, Masaki Fukunaga, Vince D. Calhoun, Volker Arolt, Dimitri Papadopoulos Orfanos, Benedicto Crespo-Facorro, Lachlan T. Strike, Natalie A. Royle, Joanna M. Wardlaw, Sarah E. Medland, Annette Conzelmann, Andrea Gonzalez Suarez, Arun L.W. Bokde, Ryota Hashimoto, Robert Whelan, Michelle Luciano, Pascual Sánchez-Juan, Neeltje E.M. van Haren, Hao Hu, Luise Poustka, Jun Soo Kwon, Hans J. Grabe, Andreas Heinz, Katharina Wittfeld, Michael Gill, Erik G. Jönsson, Frauke Nees, Perminder S. Sachdev, Oliver Gruber, David C. Glahn, Chaim Huyser, Anushree Bose, Herta Flor, Janardhan Y. C. Reddy, Bernd Ittermann, John Blangero, Dennis van der Meer, Andre F. Marquand, Xiufeng Xu, Tulio Guadalupe, Dominik Grotegerd, Jessica A. Turner, Annerine Roos, Tobias Banaschewski, Theo G.M. vanErp, Jean-Paul Fouche, Paul M. Thompson, Alejandro Arias-Vasquez, Christopher D. Whelan, Maria del C. Valdés Hernández, Eric Artiges, Janardhanan C. Narayanaswaamy, Thomas Espeseth, Bernard Mazoyer, Katie L. McMahon, Erlend S. Dørum, Samantha J. Brooks, Samuel R. Mathias, Vincent Frouin, Fleur M. Howells, Barbara Franke, Colm McDonald, Jingjing Zhao, Daniella Vuletic, Nhat Trung Doan, Harald Kugel, Lianne Schmaal, Marcel P. Zwiers, Fabrice Crivello, Anne Uhlmann, Karen A. Mather, René S. Kahn, Roberto Toro, Stefan Ehrlich, Udo Dannlowski, Jair C. Soares, Takashi Nakamae, Margaret J. Wright, RS: MHeNs - R3 - Neuroscience, Psychiatrie & Neuropsychologie, Psychiatry, Anatomy and neurosciences, Amsterdam Neuroscience - Brain Imaging, Child Psychiatry, Other departments, ANS - Complex Trait Genetics, International Max Planck Research School for Language Sciences (IMPRS ), Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Max-Planck-Gesellschaft-Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Language and Genetics Department [Nijmegen], Yale University [New Haven], Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California [Irvine] (UCI), University of California-University of California, David Geffen School of Medicine [Los Angeles], University of California [Los Angeles] (UCLA), Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud university [Nijmegen], Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Science Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine Kyoto Japan, University Medical Center [Utrecht], KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, University of Oslo (UiO)-Institute of Clinical Medicine-Oslo University Hospital [Oslo], University of Oslo (UiO), Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center [Nijmegen], Department of Psychiatry, Donders Centre for Neuroscience, Radboud university [Nijmegen]-Radboud University Medical Center [Nijmegen]-Radboud university [Nijmegen]-Radboud University Medical Center [Nijmegen], University of Edinburgh, Lagos State University (LASU), Heriot-Watt University [Edinburgh] (HWU), Mental Health Sciences Unit, University College of London [London] (UCL), Adolescent psychopathology and Medicine, CHU Cochin [AP-HP], Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Hospital Sant Joan de Déu [Barcelona], Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Salud Mental [Madrid] (CIBER-SAM), University of Southern California (USC), Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy [Mannheim], Universität Heidelberg [Heidelberg], Centre for Neuroimaging Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, King‘s College London, University of Adelaide, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Texas Biomedical Research Institute [San Antonio, Texas], Discipline of Psychiatry [Dublin], School of Medicine [Dublin], Trinity College Dublin-Trinity College Dublin, VU University Medical Center [Amsterdam], National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences [Bagalore, India], Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania [Philadelphia]-University of Pennsylvania [Philadelphia], Dementia Collaborative Research Centre, University of New South Wales [Sydney] (UNSW), Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, Universitaetsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf = University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf [Hamburg] (UKE), Donders Center for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Donders Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Radboud university [Nijmegen]-Radboud university [Nijmegen], The Mind Research Network, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering [Albuquerque] (ECE Department), The University of New Mexico [Albuquerque], Human Genetics Branch, National Institutes of Health [Bethesda] (NIH)-National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, Center for disease control, China (Chinese CDC), Center for Disease Control, China, Department of Psychology (Biological Psychology, Clinical Psychology, and Psychotherapy), University of Würzburg, Germany, Tübingen, Würzburg, Germany, Neuropsychiatric Genetics Research Group, Trinity College Dublin, Trinity College Dublin-St. James's Hospital, Groupe d'imagerie neurofonctionnelle (GIN), Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives [Bordeaux] (IMN), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), School of Psychology, University of Queensland, University of Queensland [Brisbane], MetaGenoPolis, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Department of Psychology [Oslo], Faculty of Social Sciences [Oslo], University of Oslo (UiO)-University of Oslo (UiO), sans affiliation, Universität Mannheim [Mannheim], Service NEUROSPIN (NEUROSPIN), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Division of Cerebral Integration National Institute for Physiological Sciences Okazaki Japan, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin / Charite - University Medicine Berlin, University of Calgary, Sir Peter Mansfield Magnetic Resonance Centre [Nottingham], University of Nottingham, UK (UON), Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, HELIOS Klinikum Stralsund Hanseatic-Greifswald University Hospital, Molecular Research Center for Children’s Mental Development, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University [Osaka], University Clinic for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry (UCCAP), University of Zürich [Zürich] (UZH), University Medical Center Groningen [Groningen] (UMCG), Department of Medicine, Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Karolinska University Hospital [Stockholm], Brain Centre Rudolf Magnus [Utrecht], MetaCase [Jyväskylä], Center for Translational Research in Systems Neuroscience and Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center, Goettingen 37075, Germany, Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Science Seoul National University College of Medicine Seoul Republic of Korea, Université de Cergy Pontoise (UCP), Université Paris-Seine, Institute of Human Genetics, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Medstar Research Institute, Neuroimagerie en psychiatrie (U1000), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), IFR de Neuroimagerie Fonctionnelle (IFR 49), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Centre for Advanced Imaging, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge [Barcelone] (IDIBELL), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), National University of Ireland [Galway] (NUI Galway), Climate Change Unit [Ispra], JRC Institute for Environment and Sustainability (IES), European Commission - Joint Research Centre [Ispra] (JRC)-European Commission - Joint Research Centre [Ispra] (JRC), Sunnaas Rehabilitation Hospital HT Nesodden Norway, University Medical Center [Utrecht]-Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, McConnell Brain Imaging Centre (MNI), Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University-McGill University, Texas A&M University [College Station], QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Universiteit van Amsterdam (UvA), Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing [Sydney], The University of Sydney, CIBER de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Göttingen Zentrum Geowissenschaften, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Technische Universität Dresden (TUD), Instituto de Geociências, Universidade de Brasília, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa, Centre for Advanced Imaging, University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia, School of Psychology, University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia, Génétique humaine et fonctions cognitives - Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions (GHFC (UMR_3571 / U-Pasteur_1)), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pasteur [Paris], University of York [York, UK], Centre for Cognitive Ageing & Cognitive Epidemiology, Department of Anatomy & Neurosciences, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, University of Twente [Netherlands], Berlin School of Mind and Brain [Berlin], Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Centre épigénétique et destin cellulaire (EDC (UMR_7216)), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Computational and Applied Mathematics [Houston], Rice University [Houston], Department of Physics [Kowloon], Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST), University College Dublin [Dublin] (UCD), German Research Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases - Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), Greifswald University Hospital, University of Missouri [Columbia], University of Missouri System, Mechanics surfaces and materials processing (MSMP), École Nationale Supérieure d'Arts et Métiers (ENSAM), Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, HESAM Université (HESAM)-HESAM Université (HESAM)-Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, HESAM Université (HESAM)-HESAM Université (HESAM), Department of Genetics, North Carolina State University [Raleigh] (NC State), University of North Carolina System (UNC)-University of North Carolina System (UNC), Dpt of Psychiatry [New Haven], Yale University School of Medicine, University of California [Irvine] (UC Irvine), University of California (UC)-University of California (UC), Radboud University [Nijmegen], Radboud University [Nijmegen]-Radboud University Medical Center [Nijmegen]-Radboud University [Nijmegen]-Radboud University Medical Center [Nijmegen], Hôpital Cochin [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Universität Heidelberg [Heidelberg] = Heidelberg University, Texas Biomedical Research Institute [San Antonio, TX], University of Pennsylvania-University of Pennsylvania, Radboud University [Nijmegen]-Radboud University [Nijmegen], [GIN] Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences (GIN), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Sans affiliation, Universität Mannheim, Université Paris-Saclay-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Charité - UniversitätsMedizin = Charité - University Hospital [Berlin], Universität Zürich [Zürich] = University of Zurich (UZH), Seoul National University [Seoul] (SNU), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada]-McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada], Centro de Investigacion Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III [Madrid] (ISC), Georg-August-University = Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Technische Universität Dresden = Dresden University of Technology (TU Dresden), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Twente, Humboldt University Of Berlin, Centre épigénétique et destin cellulaire (EDC), Department of Physics [Hong Kong University of Science and Technology], University of Missouri [Columbia] (Mizzou), HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM), Yale School of Medicine [New Haven, Connecticut] (YSM), Hal, GIN, Clinical Cognitive Neuropsychiatry Research Program (CCNP), Radboud University Medical Center [Nijmegen]-Radboud university [Nijmegen]-Radboud University Medical Center [Nijmegen]-Radboud university [Nijmegen], Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives [Bordeaux] (IMN), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Georg-August-University [Göttingen], Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, International Max Planck Research School for Language Sciences ( IMPRS ), Language and Genetics Department, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen 6525 XD, The Netherlands, Department of Psychiatry Yale School of Medicine New Haven USA, University of California [Irvine] ( UCI ), Laboratory of Neuro Imaging, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, 3584 CX, The Netherlands, University of Oslo ( UiO ) -Institute of Clinical Medicine-Oslo University Hospital, NORMENT - KG Jebsen Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo N-0316, Norway, Donders Centre for Neuroscience, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Scottish Imaging Network, A Platform for Scientific Excellence (SINAPSE) Collaboration, Department of Neuroimaging Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK, Department of Computer Science, Lagos State University, Lagos, Nigeria, Brain Research Imaging Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK, Heriot-Watt University [Edinburgh] ( HWU ), University College of London [London] ( UCL ), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental ( CIBERSAM ), Cibersam (Centro Investigación Biomédica en Red Salud Mental), Madrid 28029, Spain, Imaging Genetics Center, Mark & Mary Stevens Neuroimaging & Informatics Institute, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA, USA, The University of Adelaide, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas 78229, USA, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas 78245, USA, Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, University of New South Wales [Sydney] ( UNSW ), Universitaetsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf = University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf [Hamburg] ( UKE ), The Mind Research Network & LBERI, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87106, USA, Department of ECE, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, USA, National Institutes of Health ( NIH ) -National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), King's College, Center for disease control, China ( Chinese CDC ), GIN - IMN UMR 5293 CNRS CEA Université de Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives [Bordeaux] ( IMN ), Université de Bordeaux ( UB ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Bordeaux ( UB ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9JZ, UK, MRC- SGDP Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London SE5 8AF, UK, Institut Armand Frappier ( INRS-IAF ), Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique [Québec] ( INRS ) -Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur ( RIIP ) -Institut Armand Frappier, NORMENT - KG Jebsen Centre, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo 0424, Norway, Institut national de la recherche agronomique [Jouy en Josas] ( INRA Jouy en Josas ), Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo 0373, Norway, Service NEUROSPIN ( NEUROSPIN ), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) ( DRF (CEA) ), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Université Paris-Saclay, Charite-Universitatsmedizin Berlin [Berlin], University of Nottingham, UK ( UON ), University Medicine Greifswald,-HELIOS Hospital Stralsund, Molecular Research Center for Children’s Mental Development, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan, (UCCAP) University of Zurich Zurich Switzerland, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Karolinska University Hospital (Solna), Université de Cergy Pontoise ( UCP ), Bonn Universität [Bonn], Institut de Physique Nucléaire d'Orsay ( IPNO ), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 ( UP11 ) -Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS ( IN2P3 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Neuroimagerie en psychiatrie ( U1000 ), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 ( UP11 ) -Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 ( UPD5 ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ), IFR de Neuroimagerie Fonctionnelle ( IFR 49 ), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ), Genetic Epidemiology Laboratory, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge [Barcelone] ( IDIBELL ), Universitat de Barcelona ( UB ), National University of Ireland [Galway] ( NUI Galway ), JRC Institute for Environment and Sustainability ( IES ), European Commission - Joint Research Centre [Ispra] ( JRC ) -European Commission - Joint Research Centre [Ispra] ( JRC ), University Medical Center Utrecht-Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, McConnell Brain Imaging Centre ( MNI ), Montreal Neurological Institute [Montréal], Universiteit van Amsterdam ( UvA ), The University of Sydney [Sydney], Department of Psychiatry, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center/GGZ inGeest, Amsterdam 1081 HL, The Netherlands, Technische Universität Dresden ( TUD ), Génétique humaine et Fonctions cognitives - Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions, Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Centre épigénétique et destin cellulaire ( EDC ), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 ( UPD7 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Hong Kong University of Science and Technology ( HKUST ), University College Dublin [Dublin] ( UCD ), German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Rostock/Greifswald, Greifswald 17487, Germany, Department of Psychiatry, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald 17489, Germany, University of Missouri-Columbia, Mechanics surfaces and materials processing ( MSMP ), North Carolina State University [Raleigh] ( NCSU ), and Yale School of Medicine
Subjects: Male, Aging, Planum temporale, Caudate nucleus, Stress-related disorders Donders Center for Medical Neuroscience [Radboudumc 13], Subcortical brain asymmetry, Functional Laterality, Behavioral Neuroscience, 0302 clinical medicine, pathology [Aging], ddc:150, 130 000 Cognitive Neurology & Memory, Basal ganglia, YOUNG-ADULTS, Brain asymmetry, GeneralLiterature_REFERENCE(e.g.,dictionaries,encyclopedias,glossaries), Handedness, Original Research, Sex Characteristics, Age, Enigma, Heritability, Meta-analysis, Sex, Putamen, 05 social sciences, Brain, Human brain, Organ Size, Middle Aged, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, AMYGDALA VOLUME, Psychiatry and Mental health, genetics [Functional Laterality], Globus pallidus, medicine.anatomical_structure, Neurology, BASAL GANGLIA VOLUMES, Radiology Nuclear Medicine and imaging, genetics [Aging], [ SCCO.NEUR ] Cognitive science/Neuroscience, CAUDATE-NUCLEUS, Female, Psychology, Sex characteristics, MRI, Neuroinformatics, Adult, Adolescent, Cognitive Neuroscience, Clinical Neurology, BF, HAND PREFERENCE, 050105 experimental psychology, 150 000 MR Techniques in Brain Function, 03 medical and health sciences, Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, Young Adult, Quantitative Trait, Heritable, Meta-Analysis as Topic, medicine, Journal Article, Humans, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, diagnostic imaging [Brain], Aged, Neurodevelopmental disorders Donders Center for Medical Neuroscience [Radboudumc 7], [SCCO.NEUR]Cognitive science/Neuroscience, TOURETTE-SYNDROME, [SCCO.NEUR] Cognitive science/Neuroscience, PLANUM TEMPORALE, NORMAL INDIVIDUALS, HEMISPHERIC-DIFFERENCES, nervous system, RC0321, Neurology (clinical), Neuroscience, anatomy & histology [Brain], 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: The two hemispheres of the human brain differ functionally and structurally. Despite over a century of research, the extent to which brain asymmetry is influenced by sex, handedness, age, and genetic factors is still controversial. Here we present the largest ever analysis of subcortical brain asymmetries, in a harmonized multi-site study using meta-analysis methods. Volumetric asymmetry of seven subcortical structures was assessed in 15,847 MRI scans from 52 datasets worldwide. There were sex differences in the asymmetry of the globus pallidus and putamen. Heritability estimates, derived from 1170 subjects belonging to 71 extended pedigrees, revealed that additive genetic factors influenced the asymmetry of these two structures and that of the hippocampus and thalamus. Handedness had no detectable effect on subcortical asymmetries, even in this unprecedented sample size, but the asymmetry of the putamen varied with age. Genetic drivers of asymmetry in the hippocampus, thalamus and basal ganglia may affect variability in human cognition, including susceptibility to psychiatric disorders. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s11682-016-9629-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Published: 2016
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47. Abnormal Social Reward Responses in Anorexia Nervosa: An fMRI Study

Author: Carles Soriano-Mas, Ignacio Martínez-Zalacaín, José M. Menchón, Laura Forcano, Isabel Sánchez, Jesús Pujol, Fernando Fernández-Aranda, Narcís Cardoner, Esther Via, Christopher G. Davey, Ben J. Harrison, and Universitat de Barcelona
Subjects: Adult, Anorexia Nervosa, Adolescent, lcsh:Medicine, Biology, 03 medical and health sciences, Reward system, 0302 clinical medicine, Magnetic resonance imaging, Reward, Social cognition, Imatges per ressonància magnètica, medicine, Humans, Visual cortex, lcsh:Science, Prefrontal cortex, Social Behavior, Trastorns de la conducta alimentària, Social rejection, Multidisciplinary, medicine.diagnostic_test, lcsh:R, Ventral striatum, Brain, Anorèxia nerviosa, Anorexia nervosa, Middle Aged, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, 3. Good health, 030227 psychiatry, medicine.anatomical_structure, Reward dependence, Anorexia nervosa (differential diagnoses), Case-Control Studies, Còrtex visual, Eating disorders, lcsh:Q, Female, Functional magnetic resonance imaging, Neuroscience, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, psychological phenomena and processes, Research Article
Abstract: Altres ajuts: This study was supported in part by the Carlos III Health Institute (ISCIII, PI08/1549, PI11/210 and PI14/290) and by Fondos Europeos de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER). CIBERobn and CIBERSAM are both initiatives of ISCIII.). Dr. Soriano-Mas is funded by a 'Miguel Servet' contract from the Carlos III Health Institute (I.D. CP10/00604). A/Prof. Harrison is supported by a National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia (NHMRC) Clinical Career Development Fellowship (I.D. 628509). Dr. Davey is supported by a NHMRC Clinical Career Development Fellowship (I.D. 1061757). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript." Patients with anorexia nervosa (AN) display impaired social interactions, implicated in the development and prognosis of the disorder. Importantly, social behavior is modulated by reward-based processes, and dysfunctional at-brain-level reward responses have been involved in AN neurobiological models. However, no prior evidence exists of whether these neural alterations would be equally present in social contexts. In this study, we conducted a cross-sectional social-judgment functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study of 20 restrictive-subtype AN patients and 20 matched healthy controls. Brain activity during acceptance and rejection was investigated and correlated with severity measures (Eating Disorder Inventory -EDI-2) and with personality traits of interest known to modulate social behavior (The Sensitivity to Punishment and Sensitivity to Reward Questionnaire). Patients showed hypoactivation of the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (DMPFC) during social acceptance and hyperactivation of visual areas during social rejection. Ventral striatum activation during rejection was positively correlated in patients with clinical severity scores. During acceptance, activation of the frontal opercula-anterior insula and dorsomedial/dorsolateral prefrontal cortices was differentially associated with reward sensitivity between groups. These results suggest an abnormal motivational drive for social stimuli, and involve overlapping social cognition and reward systems leading to a disruption of adaptive responses in the processing of social reward. The specific association of reward-related regions with clinical and psychometric measures suggests the putative involvement of reward structures in the maintenance of pathological behaviors in AN.
Published: 2015

48. Neuroplastic Effects of Electroconvulsive Therapy in the Prefrontal-limbic Network of Drug Resistant Depression: a Whole-brain Longitudinal SMRI Study

Author: Ignacio Martínez-Zalacaín, Harry Hallock, Marta Cano, Jesús Pujol, Esther Via, Michael Valenzuela, Carles Soriano-Mas, José M. Menchón, Colleen Loo, Mikel Urretavizcaya, Narcís Cardoner, and Verònica Gálvez
Subjects: medicine.medical_treatment, Hippocampal formation, Grey matter, behavioral disciplines and activities, Psychiatry and Mental health, Electroconvulsive therapy, Limbic system, medicine.anatomical_structure, Anesthesia, Cortex (anatomy), mental disorders, Neuroplasticity, medicine, Psychology, Neurocognitive, Depression (differential diagnoses), Clinical psychology
Abstract: Background Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is the most effective and fast acting therapy for treatment-resistant depression (TRD). Animal research has consistently pointed to neuroplasticity as a central mechanism of ECT action (1), however evidence in humans remains scarce (2; 3). Method We assessed two independent samples of TRD patients referred for ECT. The Barcelona-sample included 13 subjects treated with bitemporal ECT and 10 healthy volunteers (HV). Four successive 3T structural MRIs were acquired: baseline, 24-48 hours after the 1st ECT session, 24-48 hours after the 9th ECT, and two weeks after ECT course completion. HV were scanned twice five weeks apart. Within the framework of the Barcelona-Sydney Clinical Imaging Collaboration, we also scanned 10 patients treated mainly with right unilateral ECT (Sydney-sample). Whole-brain longitudinal grey matter (GM) changes were measured using intra-subject diffeomorphic registration, within SPM12b. Results In the Barcelona-sample, over the course of treatment bitemporal ECT produced a linear increase of GM volume in the limbic system (involving bilateral hippocampi and amygdalae). Additionally, volumetric increase within the right subgenual cortex was detected from baseline to the 9th ECT session. Such volume changes were not observed in HV. Furthermore, GM volume expansion correlated positively with depressive symptom improvement and neurocognitive performance (memory and executive function). Hippocampal and amygdalar volume increases were replicated in the Sydney-sample, although limited to the stimulated hemisphere. Conclusions ECT effects described here could be accounted for by the induction of regionally specific structural plasticity. Nevertheless, other mechanisms such as neurovascular changes should not be discarded.
Published: 2015
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49. Brain volumetric and metabolic correlates of electroconvulsive therapy for treatment-resistant depression: a longitudinal neuroimaging study

Author: Jesús Pujol, Á Bernabéu-Sanz, Mikel Urretavizcaya, Verònica Gálvez, Marta Cano, Esther Via, Oren Contreras-Rodríguez, A. De Arriba-Arnau, Rosa Hernández-Ribas, Carles Soriano-Mas, Narcís Cardoner, Ignacio Martínez-Zalacaín, José M. Menchón, and Universitat de Barcelona
Subjects: Male, Glutamine, Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, medicine.medical_treatment, Hippocampal formation, Hippocampus, Depressive Disorder, Treatment-Resistant, 0302 clinical medicine, Electroconvulsive therapy, Depressió psíquica, Electroxoc, Electroconvulsive Therapy, Cervell, Depressió psíquica -- Tractament, Cervell -- Malalties, Brain, Organ Size, Middle Aged, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Temporal Lobe, Psychiatry and Mental health, Diagnòstic per la imatge, medicine.anatomical_structure, Mental depression, Diagnostic imaging, Female, Original Article, Glutamic acid, Psychopharmacology, Psychology, Temporal lobe, Glutamic Acid, Gyrus Cinguli, behavioral disciplines and activities, 03 medical and health sciences, Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, Imaging, Three-Dimensional, Neuroimaging, Neuroplasticity, medicine, Humans, Biological Psychiatry, Anterior cingulate cortex, Aged, Resistència als medicaments, Aspartic Acid, Electric shock, medicine.disease, 030227 psychiatry, Case-Control Studies, Drug resistance, Aspartic acid, Neuroscience, Treatment-resistant depression, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: Recent research suggests that neuroplastic and neuroinflammatory changes may account for the mode of action of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), although extant data do not allow for a clear disambiguation between these two hypotheses. Multimodal neuroimaging approaches (for example, combining structural and metabolic information) may help in clarifying this issue. Here we aimed to assess longitudinal changes in (i) regional gray matter (GM) volumes and (ii) hippocampal metabolite concentrations throughout an acute course of bitemporal ECT, as well as (iii) to determine the association between imaging changes and clinical improvement. We assessed 12 patients with treatment-resistant depression (TRD) at four time points (pre-treatment, after the first ECT session, after the ninth ECT session and 15 days after ECT course completion) and 10 healthy participants at two time points, 5 weeks apart. Patients with TRD showed bilateral medial temporal lobe (MTL) and perigenual anterior cingulate cortex volume increases. Left MTL volume increase was associated with (i) a hippocampal N-acetylaspartate concentration decrease, (ii) a hippocampal Glutamate+Glutamine concentration increase and (iii) significant clinical improvement. The observed findings are, in part, compatible with both neuroplastic and neuroinflammatory changes induced by ECT. We postulate that such phenomena may be interrelated, therefore reconciling the neuroplasticity and neuroinflammatory hypotheses of ECT action.

50. Cerebrospinal fluid space alterations in melancholic depression

Author: Esther Via, Joan Deus, Rosa Hernández-Ribas, Narcís Cardoner, Marina López-Solà, Ignacio Martínez-Zalacaín, Mikel Urretavizacaya, Carles Soriano-Mas, Jesús Pujol, José M. Menchón, and Universitat de Barcelona
Subjects: Male, Central Nervous System, Pathology, Anatomy and Physiology, Image Processing, Melancholic depression, Diagnostic Radiology, 0302 clinical medicine, Cerebrospinal fluid, Engineering, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, Depressió psíquica, Cervell, Cerebrospinal Fluid, Psychiatry, Multidisciplinary, medicine.diagnostic_test, Biochemical markers, Parietal lobe, Brain, Middle Aged, Prognosis, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, medicine.anatomical_structure, Mental Health, Mental depression, Neurology, Marcadors bioquímics, Medicine, Female, medicine.symptom, Líquid cefaloraquidi, Radiology, Algorithms, Research Article, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, Science, Neurophysiology, Neuroimaging, Biology, Neurological System, White matter, 03 medical and health sciences, Young Adult, Imaging, Three-Dimensional, Malenconia, Melancholia, medicine, Humans, Melancholy, Aged, Depressive Disorder, Mood Disorders, Líquid cefalorraquidi, Magnetic resonance imaging, Voxel-based morphometry, medicine.disease, 030227 psychiatry, Case-Control Studies, Computer Science, Signal Processing, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Biomarkers, Neuroscience
Abstract: Melancholic depression is a biologically homogeneous clinical entity in which structural brain alterations have been described. Interestingly, reports of structural alterations in melancholia include volume increases in Cerebro-Spinal Fluid (CSF) spaces. However, there are no previous reports of CSF volume alterations using automated whole-brain voxel-wise approaches, as tissue classification algorithms have been traditionally regarded as less reliable for CSF segmentation. Here we aimed to assess CSF volumetric alterations in melancholic depression and their clinical correlates by means of a novel segmentation algorithm ('new segment', as implemented in the software Statistical Parametric Mapping-SPM8), incorporating specific features that may improve CSF segmentation. A three-dimensional Magnetic Resonance Image (MRI) was obtained from seventy patients with melancholic depression and forty healthy control subjects. Although imaging data were pre-processed with the 'new segment' algorithm, in order to obtain a comparison with previous segmentation approaches, tissue segmentation was also performed with the 'unified segmentation' approach. Melancholic patients showed a CSF volume increase in the region of the left Sylvian fissure, and a CSF volume decrease in the subarachnoid spaces surrounding medial and lateral parietal cortices. Furthermore, CSF increases in the left Sylvian fissure were negatively correlated with the reduction percentage of depressive symptoms at discharge. None of these results were replicated with the 'unified segmentation' approach. By contrast, between-group differences in the left Sylvian fissure were replicated with a non-automated quantification of the CSF content of this region. Left Sylvian fissure alterations reported here are in agreement with previous findings from non-automated CSF assessments, and also with other reports of gray and white matter insular alterations in depressive samples using automated approaches. The reliable characterization of CSF alterations may help in the comprehensive characterization of brain structural abnormalities in psychiatric samples and in the development of etiopathogenic hypotheses relating to the disorders.

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