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5. Evaluating the Influence of China Pakistan Economic Corridor on Pakistan's Construction Industry: Opportunities and Challenges

Author

Saif, Mannan, Tayyaba Saleem, and Ikhlaq, Muhammad

Subjects
Belt and Road Initiative, CPEC (China-Pakistan Economic Corridor), Construction industry, Transnational operation management, Sustainability, Environmental impact, Economic impact, Investment, Technology transfer, Infrastructure development, Stakeholder engagement, Governance, Capacity Building, Innovation
Abstract

The China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) is a flagship project of the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), aimed at connecting western China to the port of Gwadar in southwest Pakistan through an extensive network of infrastructure, trade, and investment linkages. The construction of CPEC in Pakistan has significant implications for the country's construction industry, which plays a vital role in economic growth, employment, and development. This research paper employs a mixed-methods approach, including a literature review, surveys of 100 construction firms in Pakistan, and in-depth interviews with government officials, industry experts, and environmental NGOs, to examine the impact of CPEC construction on Pakistan's construction industry. The main objective of the research is to identify potential opportunities and obstacles for transnational operation management of firms within the BRI environment. The findings of this study provide valuable insights for businesses and decision-makers aiming to maximize the benefits of CPEC development while mitigating potential negative repercussions.

Published
2023
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8. Effect of cutting parameters and tool geometry on the performance analysis of one-shot drilling process of AA2024-t3

Author

Aamir, Muhammad, Giasin, Khaled, Tolouei-Rad, Majid, Ud Din, Israr, Hanif, Muhammad I., Kuklu, Ugur, Pimenov, Danil Y., Ikhlaq, Muhammad, Aamir, Muhammad, Giasin, Khaled, Tolouei-Rad, Majid, Ud Din, Israr, Hanif, Muhammad I., Kuklu, Ugur, Pimenov, Danil Y., and Ikhlaq, Muhammad

Abstract

Drilling is an important machining process in various manufacturing industries. High-quality holes are possible with the proper selection of tools and cutting parameters. This study investigates the effect of spindle speed, feed rate, and drill diameter on the generated thrust force, the formation of chips, post-machining tool condition, and hole quality. The hole surface defects and the top and bottom edge conditions were also investigated using scan electron microscopy. The drilling tests were carried out on AA2024-T3 alloy under a dry drilling environment using 6 and 10 mm uncoated carbide tools. Analysis of Variance was employed to further evaluate the influence of the input parameters on the analysed outputs. The results show that the thrust force was highly influenced by feed rate and drill size. The high spindle speed resulted in higher surface roughness, while the increase in the feed rate produced more burrs around the edges of the holes. Additionally, the burrs formed at the exit side of holes were larger than those formed at the entry side. The high drill size resulted in greater chip thickness and an increased built-up edge on the cutting tools.

Published
2021

9. Flow and heat transfer characteristics of turbulent swirling impinging jets [thesis]

Author

Ikhlaq, Muhammad and Ikhlaq, Muhammad

Abstract

Numerous industrial applications rely on impinging jets to impart convective heat and mass transfer in processes ranging from the cooling of electronic devices and gas turbine blades to drying of paper and food products. Conventionally, non-swirling impinging jets have been employed, but some studies have shown that inducing swirl allows better control of uniformity and improved convective fluxes. A better understanding of the underlying physical mechanisms that lead to such behaviour warrants deeper insights into the flow and heat transfer characteristics of impinging jets, both swirling and non-swirling. Whilst important to achieve, the flow field of an impinging jet is already quite complex even before the addition of swirl which, in free (not impinging) jets, induces vortex breakdown and other instability modes. The addition of swirl to impinging jets thus has the potential to affect the transient and steady-state convective behaviour, both of which are crucial in industrial applications. This study features experimental and numerical investigations of incompressible turbulent impinging air jets that utilize aerodynamically generated swirl. The research focuses on the velocity field, upstream near the nozzle exit plane as well as further downstream, and the way in which it affects heat transfer at the impingement plane, both under transient and steady-state conditions. Boundary conditions at the nozzle exit were measured using Constant Temperature Anemometry. The surface temperature distribution of a thin foil heater, which forms the impingement surface cooled by the ambient temperature jet, was measured using infrared thermography for a range of Reynolds numbers (Re=11,600-35,000), swirl numbers (S=01.05), and impingement distances (H/D=2-6). The effects of different inflow conditions for non-swirling and weakly swirling impinging jets were also simulated (numerically) using ANSYS Fluent (version 16.2). Particle Image Velocity was utilized to resolve the flow f

Published
2021

10. EVALUATION OF GENETIC DIVERSITY AMONG DATE PALM VARIETIES UNDER SOUTHERN PUNJAB CLIMATE.

Author

Ikhlaq, Muhammad, Noreen, Ammara, Bashir, Muhammad Azhar, and Shabir, Kashif

Subjects
*DATE palm, *GENETIC variation, *PRINCIPAL components analysis, *CLUSTER analysis (Statistics), *ARITHMETIC mean, *STATISTICAL correlation
Abstract

Experiment was conducted to assess genetic diversity among different date palm varieties grown under climatic condition of southern Punjab during 2016-2019. Nine varieties of date palm were analyzed for their morphological and physiochemical characteristics under arid to semi-arid conditions of southern Punjab. To analyze data, principal components analysis and un-weighted pair group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA) cluster analysis were used. Results exhibited high variability among all studied varieties of date palm. PCA placed all forty seven qualitative traits into six components which contributed almost 87.54% of the total variability. While twenty six quantitative traits were also placed into six components, which contributed almost 92.53% of the total variability. Correlation analysis of quantitative characters showed that spathe length without sheet and spathe width possess strongest positive correlation (0.995). While strong negative correlation was detected between number of inflorescence per frond and stone volume percentage of fruit volume (-0.805). Then cluster analysis was applied to these nine date palm varieties, which divided these varieties into 4 clusters i.e. Khurma in clusters 1, Shakri, Shamran, Kupra and Haleeni in clusters 2, Zahidi, Aseel and Hilawi in clusters 3 and Khadrawi in clusters 4. This classification was based on quantitative as well as qualitative traits, which also provides base line for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022

13. EVALUATION OF BER (ZIZIPHUS MAURITIANA LAMK.) VARIETIES UNDER CLIMATIC CONDITIONS OF CHOLISTAN.

Author

Ikhlaq, Muhammad, Noreen, Ammara, Bashir, Muhammad Azhar, and Shabir, Kashif

Subjects
*ZIZIPHUS, *CULTIVARS, *TREE height, *VITAMIN C, *BLOCK designs, *FRUIT yield
Abstract

Present study was conducted at Horticultural Research Station, Bahawalpur, Pakistan to evaluate eight Ber varieties viz Pak-White, Umran, Anokhi, Sufan, Bahawal-Seedless, Yazman, Aakash and Moon under Cholistan climatic conditions during 2017-19. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with 3 replications (2 plants of each variety planted at plant to plant and row to distance of 25 feet in square system during 2010 and nourished with same cultural practices). Data were recorded on tree height, stem girth, leaf length, leaf width, fruit length, fruit diameter, fruit weight, stone weight, pulp ratio, total soluble solids, vitamin-C and yield per plant. From averages of 3 years, maximum tree height (7.8m), stem girth (1.9m), stone weight (2.3g), Vitamin-C (121mg/100g pulp) and yield were obtained by Pak White variety. Maximum leaf length (9 cm) and fruit diameter (3.7cm) was attained by Yazman variety. Maximum leaf width (6.1cm), pulp ratio (99%) alongwith minimum stone weight (0.1g), total soluble solids (12oBrix), Vitamin-C (98mg/100g pulp) and maximum yield (108kg/plant) were recorded by Bahawal Seedless. Umran had maximum fruit length (5.2cm) and Anokhi led in TSS (19oBrix). All varieties performed well under Cholistan condition and showed potential to be grown on marginal land for better economic return. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021

14. Structural and flow relationship of microfluidics pulsating high and low frequency jets

Author

İkhlaq, Muhammad, Arık, Mehmet, and Makine Mühendisliği Anabilim Dalı

Subjects
Mechanical Engineering, Heat transfer, Makine Mühendisliği
Abstract

Synthetic jets are being investigated last several years. Researchers have been interested in its unique applications for a wide range of flow control to thermal management of electronics applications. Synthetic jets are made up of actuators such as piezoelectric, magnetic, or linear piston technology etc. Piezoelectric synthetic jets are investigated and found relationship between its structural and flow parameter like deflection, frequency and resonance with velocity and heat transfer enhancement. In order to find a relationship some numerical and experimental techniques are being used. For experimental result and fully-automated experimental setup made using high end equipment like Laser Vibrometer, Hotwire anemometer and 3D robot. Four different type of measurement were made on synthetic jet actuators deflection, heat transfer, velocity measurements and power consumption. The heat transfer enhancement factor of each of these jets with respect to natural convection is measured over a 25.4x25.4 (mm) vertical heater. Finally, power consumption of the low and high frequency synthetic jets were measured and compared. It is found that disk deflection and operating frequency are directly related to heat transfer enhancement factor, if the Helmholtz frequency of a cavity has no effect on the performance of a jet. For numerical analysis commercially available software are used like Ansys and Comsol. Eigen frequency and transient deflection is modeled using Comsol 4.0 and different mode shapes and deflection measurements using PZD module of Comsol. A 3-D computational fluid dynamics model was constructed using Ansys CFX to determine the flow and temperature fields of a meso-scale central orifice synthetic jet at a nozzle-to-target surface spacing of y/d = 2, ReDj = 1400 and f = 500 Hz. Unlike the majority of previous computational studies, rather than specifying the boundary conditions at the nozzle, the flow inside the synthetic jet device was solved by specifying the time dependent boundary conditions on the vibrating diaphragm and utilizing the moving mesh technique. Local surface pressure and heat transfer coefficient distributions were determined and discussed. It was found that the pulsating flow at the nozzle exit for a round jet generates vortex rings and these rings seem to have some considerable effects on the target surface profiles. Finally figure out the design parameters for Synthetic jet actuator for the optimum performance. Son zamanlarda sentetik jetlerin uygulanması üzerine araştırmalar yapılmaktadır. Sentetik jetlerin kendilerine özel sağladıkları geniş akış kontrolü ile elektroniklerde termal performansın artırılması konusunda araştırmacıların ilgisini çekmektedir. Sentetik jetler basit olarak piezo elektrik yada magnet gibi tetikleyiciler ile yapılmaktadır.Geliştirilen piezo elektrik sentetik jetler için yapısal ve akış parametreleri (bükülme, frekans, akış hızına göre rezonans, ve ısı atımında performans artışı gibi) arasında bir ilişki elde edilmiştir. Özellikle ısı atımında performans artışı hedeflenen sentetik jetlerde ki bu etkin parametreler arasındaki ilişkinin en doğru şekilde kurgulanabilmesi için sayısal ve deneysel methodlar kullanılmıştır.Deneysel methodların uygunlanması için lazer titreşim cihazı, sıcak kablo ile hız ölçer ve 3 boyutlu robot gibi üst düzey cihazlar eşliğinde deneysel sistem kurulmuştur. Sentetik jetlerde bükülme, ısı atımı, akış hız ölçümü ve enerji tüketimi olmak üzere dört tür hesaplama yapılmıştır. Yapılan jetlerin ısı atım performans faktörü, daha önceden kayıpları hesaplanmış olan 25.4x25.4 (mm)'lik dikey bir ısıtıcı yüzeyinden hesaplanmıştır. Son olarakta , düşük ve yüksek frekansta çalıştırılan jetlerin enerji tüketimleri hesaplanmış ve kıyaslanmıştır.Sayısal method Ansys ve Comsol programları ile yapılmıştır. Zamana bağımlı bükülme testleri Comsol da yapılırken, 3 boyutlu akış ve termal dağılım simülasyonları ( Jet nozulu ile ısıtıcı yüzeye arası başluk oranı y/d = 2, ReDj = 1400 ve f = 500 Hz için) Ansys CFX'te yapılmıştır. Bölgesel basınç ve ısı atım katsayısı elde edilmiş ve titreşimli akışların (pulsating flow) jet nozul çıkışında vorteks halkası oluşturduğu ve bu vorteksin önemsenecek boyutta sonuca etkisi gözlemlenmiştir. Sonuç olarak bir sentetik jet tetikleyicisinin performans sağlayabileceği dizayn parametreleri ortaya çıkartılmıştır. 122

Published
2015

15. Treatment Response to Sofosbuvir and Ribavirin in Chronic Hepatitis C Patients and Comparison of Naive and Treatment Experienced Patients.

Author

Ikhlaq, Muhammad, Jalil, Maryam, Dawar, Syed, and Ashraf, Muhammad

Subjects
*CHRONIC hepatitis C, *RIBAVIRIN, *HEPATITIS C virus, *POLYMERASE chain reaction, *ALANINE aminotransferase, *HEPATITIS C
Abstract

Background: Sofosbuvir is on the world organization's list of essential medicines, the most effective and safe medicines needed in health system. It plays a special role in treatment of chronic hepatitis C and offers many advantages due to its high potency, low side effects, oral administration, and high barrier to resistance. Objectives: To compare the treatment response in treatment naive and treatment experienced chronic hepatitis C patients treated with sofosbuvir and ribavirin to determine the efficacy of this drug combination. Methods: In this experimental study 104 chronic hepatitis C patients with positive polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for hepatitis C virus (HCV) and high alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels were included. Out of them 66 (63.5%) were treatment naive (received treatment for the first time) and 38 (36.5%) were treatment experienced. Sofosbuvir 400mg once a day in combination with ribavirin was given for 6 months and treatment responses were noted at 4, 12 and 24 weeks. SPSS version 21 was used to analyze the data. Results: The end treatment response in 104 chronic hepatitis C patients was calculated in which 99 (95.2%) patients responded to the therapy. 63 (95.5%) treatment naive patients and 36 (94.7%) treatment experienced responded to the therapy. End treatment response (ETR) in chronic hepatitis C patients to sofosbuvir and ribavirin was irrespective to their gender and genotypes and test of significance came out as insignificant (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Sofosbuvir is effective for both treatment naive and treatment experienced chronic hepatitis C patients. This regimen is equally effective for both genders and all genotypes of hepatitis C. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2018

17. Synthetic jet cooling technology for electronics thermal management - a critical review

Author

Ikhlaq, Muhammad, Yasir, Muhammad, Demiroglu, Mehmet, Arik, Mehmet, Ikhlaq, Muhammad, Yasir, Muhammad, Demiroglu, Mehmet, and Arik, Mehmet

Abstract

Ikhlaq, M., Yasir, M., Demiroğlu, M., & Arik, M. (2021). Synthetic jet cooling technology for electronics thermal management - a critical review. IEEE Transactions on Components, Packaging and Manufacturing Technology, 11(8), 1156-1170. https://doi.org/10.1109/TCPMT.2021.3087829

18. Flow and heat transfer characteristics of turbulent swirling impinging jets

Author

<p>Edith Cowan University</p>, Ikhlaq, Muhammad, Al-Abdeli, Yasir M., Khiadani, Mehdi H., <p>Edith Cowan University</p>, Ikhlaq, Muhammad, Al-Abdeli, Yasir M., and Khiadani, Mehdi H.

Abstract

Ikhlaq, M., Al-Abdeli, Y. M., & Khiadani, M. (2021). Flow and heat transfer characteristics of turbulent swirling impinging jets. Applied Thermal Engineering, 196, article 117357. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2021.117357

19. Acoustics and heat transfer characteristics of piezoelectric driven central orifice synthetic jet actuators

Author

<p>Turkish National Science Foundation EVATEG</p>, Ikhlaq, Muhammad, Yasir, Muhammad, Ghaffari, Omidreza, Arik, Mehmet, <p>Turkish National Science Foundation EVATEG</p>, Ikhlaq, Muhammad, Yasir, Muhammad, Ghaffari, Omidreza, and Arik, Mehmet

Abstract

Ikhlaq, M., Yasir, M., Ghaffari, O., & Arik, M. (2021). Acoustics and heat transfer characteristics of piezoelectric driven central orifice synthetic jet actuators. Experimental Heat Transfer. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1080/08916152.2021.1946211

20. Effect of cutting parameters and tool geometry on the performance analysis of one-shot drilling process of AA2024-t3

Author

Aamir, Muhammad, Giasin, Khaled, Tolouei-Rad, Majid, Ud Din, Israr, Hanif, Muhammad I., Kuklu, Ugur, Pimenov, Danil Y., Ikhlaq, Muhammad, Aamir, Muhammad, Giasin, Khaled, Tolouei-Rad, Majid, Ud Din, Israr, Hanif, Muhammad I., Kuklu, Ugur, Pimenov, Danil Y., and Ikhlaq, Muhammad

Abstract

Aamir, M., Giasin, K., Tolouei-Rad, M., Ud Din, I., Hanif, M. I., Kuklu, U., ... Ikhlaq, M. (2021). Effect of cutting parameters and tool geometry on the performance analysis of one-shot drilling process of AA2024-T3. Metals, 11(6), article 854. https://doi.org/10.3390/met11060854

21. Effects of butanol blending and fumigation with Jatropha biodiesel on combustion, performance, and emissions of diesel engine

Author

Gillani, Syed Ehtisham, Ikhlaq, Muhammad, Khan, M. U., Awan, D., Hamza, A., Gillani, Syed Ehtisham, Ikhlaq, Muhammad, Khan, M. U., Awan, D., and Hamza, A.

Abstract

Gillani, S. E., Ikhlaq, M., Khan, M. U., Awan, D., & Hamza, A. (2020). Effects of butanol blending and fumigation with Jatropha biodiesel on combustion, performance, and emissions of diesel engine. International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 18(4), 819-834. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13762-020-02898-4

22. Methodology for spatially resolved transient convection processes using infrared thermography

Author

<p>Edith Cowan University</p>, Ikhlaq, Muhammad, Al-Abdeli, Yasir M., Khiadani, Mehdi, <p>Edith Cowan University</p>, Ikhlaq, Muhammad, Al-Abdeli, Yasir M., and Khiadani, Mehdi

Abstract

Ikhlaq, M., Al-Abdeli, Y. M., & Khiadani, M. (2021). Methodology for spatially resolved transient convection processes using infrared thermography. Experimental Heat Transfer, 34 (3), 269 - 292. https://doi.org/10.1080/08916152.2020.1749189

25. Relevance of Environmental, Institutional and Economic Developments for ASEAN-6

Author

Ikhlaq, Muhammad Waleed and Ikhlaq, Muhammad Waleed

Abstract

Economic Growth is influenced by large number of factors and there is an ongoing debate on the extent to which some of these strong and more quantifiable variables are effective. In order to comprehensively discuss the mainstream determinants of Economic Growth explored through past literature, the study chose to focus on ASEAN-6 countries encompassing Singapore, Malaysia, Indonesia, Thailand, Philippines and Vietnam. By considering three decades from 1985 to 2014 period and dividing it into multiple time span, intention was to evaluate the performance of ASEAN region before and after Asian Financial Crisis, Dot-Com bubble and Global Economic Crisis to reveal the most important drivers of economic performance. Our empirical results suggest that ASEAN-6 region performed better after Post-Global Economic Crisis period due to its better economic integration both intra-regionally and with other economies like China, EU. We find that Through Pooled OLS method along with Random Effect and Fixed Effect as robustness techniques to judge the effectiveness of trade liberalization, financial deepening, environment quality, foreign direct investment and 5 components of institutional quality (IQ), empirical findings have reported both trade openness and C02 emissions to have the most profound and consistent role in fostering the productivity of the region studied throughout. However, financial deepening in the region failed to significantly impact the economic growth except for 2002-2006 period when it negatively affected the growth. Net FDI inflows proved to be insignificant throughout except for pre-Asian financial crisis period. While IQ index played unimportant role for ASEAN-6 region during last 3 decades, IQ indicators like better voice and accountability enhanced growth throughout, regulatory quality during post Asian and Global Economic periods considered, good government effectiveness and control of corruption damaged the economic activity during period 1997-2001. ASEAN

26. Effect of actuator deflection on heat transfer for low and high frequency synthetic jets

Author

Muhammad Ikhlaq, Omidreza Ghaffari, Mehmet Arik, Özyeğin University, Arık, Mehmet, Ikhlaq, Muhammad, and Ghaffari, Omidreza

Subjects
Impinging jets, Materials science, Natural convection, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Heat transfer enhancement, Acoustics, Low frequency, Piezoelectricity, law.invention, Frequency response, law, Deflection (engineering), Synthetic jet, Heat transfer, Electronic engineering, Piezoelectric, Helmholtz resonator, Thermal management of microelectronics
Abstract

Due to copyright restrictions, the access to the full text of this article is only available via subscription. Synthetic jets are being investigated over the last four decades. Researchers have been interested in its unique applications for a wide range of flow control to thermal management of electronics applications. Synthetic jets are made up of actuators such as piezoelectric, magnetic, or linear piston technology etc. In this study, we performed an experimental and numerical investigation of a piezoelectric disk deflection over a range of frequencies in order to understand the performance for low and high frequency synthetic jets. First, we performed a numerical analysis of a piezoelectric based synthetic jet and, validated computational result with experimental findings. Numerical models are performed by using commercial finite element software. To understand the size effect on the operating frequency, three jets with different sizes are manufactured and examined. Two different low frequency synthetic jets manufactured in our laboratory and a commercially available high frequency jet are included in the present study. Heat transfer performance is given as an enhancement over natural convection heat transfer. The heat transfer enhancement factor of each of these jets with respect to natural convection is measured over a 25.4×25.4 (mm) vertical heater. Finally, power consumption of the low and high frequency synthetic jets were measured and compared. It is found that disk deflection and operating frequency are directly related to heat transfer enhancement factor, if the Helmholtz frequency of a cavity has no effect on the performance of a jet. The Helmholtz frequency of each jet was calculated to ensure that it has no effect on the synthetic jet, but we found that the commercial synthetic jet took partial advantage of Helmholtz phenomena to enhance the performances at high frequencies. TÜBİTAK

Published
2014

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