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2. Planetary Exploration Horizon 2061 Report, Chapter 3: From science questions to Solar System exploration

Author

Dehant, Véronique, Blanc, Michel, Mackwell, Steve, Soderlund, Krista M., Beck, Pierre, Bunce, Emma, Charnoz, Sébastien, Foing, Bernard, Filice, Valerio, Fletcher, Leigh N., Forget, François, Griton, Léa, Hammel, Heidi, Höning, Dennis, Imamura, Takeshi, Jackman, Caitriona, Kaspi, Yohai, Korablev, Oleg, Leconte, Jérémy, Lellouch, Emmanuel, Marty, Bernard, Mangold, Nicolas, Michel, Patrick, Morbidelli, Alessandro, Mousis, Olivier, Prieto-Ballesteros, Olga, Spohn, Tilman, Schmidt, Jürgen, Sterken, Veerle J., Tosi, Nicola, Vandaele, Ann C., Vernazza, Pierre, Vazan, Allona, and Westall, Frances

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Physics - Geophysics, A.1, H.1.0
Abstract

This chapter of the Planetary Exploration Horizon 2061 Report reviews the way the six key questions about planetary systems, from their origins to the way they work and their habitability, identified in chapter 1, can be addressed by means of solar system exploration, and how one can find partial answers to these six questions by flying to the different provinces to the solar system: terrestrial planets, giant planets, small bodies, and up to its interface with the local interstellar medium. It derives from this analysis a synthetic description of the most important space observations to be performed at the different solar system objects by future planetary exploration missions. These observation requirements illustrate the diversity of measurement techniques to be used as well as the diversity of destinations where these observations must be made. They constitute the base for the identification of the future planetary missions we need to fly by 2061, which are described in chapter 4. Q1- How well do we understand the diversity of planetary systems objects? Q2- How well do we understand the diversity of planetary system architectures? Q3- What are the origins and formation scenarios for planetary systems? Q4- How do planetary systems work? Q5- Do planetary systems host potential habitats? Q6- Where and how to search for life?, Comment: 107 pages, 37 figures, Horizon 2061 is a science-driven, foresight exercise, for future scientific investigations

Published
2022

7. A Recharge Oscillator Model for Interannual Variability in Venus' Clouds

Author

Kopparla, Pushkar, Seshadri, Ashwin, Imamura, Takeshi, and Lee, Yeon Joo

Subjects
Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Physics - Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics
Abstract

Sulfur dioxide is a radiatively and chemically important trace gas in the atmosphere of Venus and its abundance at the cloud-tops has been observed to vary on interannual to decadal timescales. This variability is thought to come from changes in the strength of convection which transports sulfur dioxide to the cloud-tops, {although} the dynamics behind such convective variability are unknown. Here we propose a new conceptual model for convective variability that links the radiative effects of water abundance at the cloud-base to convective strength within the clouds, which in turn affects water transport within the cloud. The model consists of two coupled equations which are identified as a recharge-discharge oscillator. The solutions of the coupled equations are finite amplitude sustained oscillations in convective strength and cloud-base water abundance on 3-9 year timescales. The characteristic oscillation timescale is given by the geometric mean of the radiative cooling time and the eddy mixing time near the base of the convective clouds., Comment: 19 pages, 6 figures, accepted in JGR Planets

Published
2020
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8. Planetary-scale variations in winds and UV brightness at the Venusian cloud top: Periodicity and temporal evolution

Author

Imai, Masataka, Kouyama, Toru, Takahashi, Yukihiro, Yamazaki, Atsushi, Watanabe, Shigeto, Yamada, Manabu, Imamura, Takeshi, Satoh, Takehiko, Nakamura, Masato, Murakami, Shin-ya, Ogohara, Kazunori, and Horinouchi, Takeshi

Subjects
Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract

Planetary-scale waves at the Venusian cloud-top cause periodic variations in both winds and ultraviolet (UV) brightness. While the wave candidates are the 4-day Kelvin wave and 5-day Rossby wave with zonal wavenumber 1, their temporal evolutions are poorly understood. Here we conducted a time series analysis of the 365-nm brightness and cloud-tracking wind variations, obtained by the UV Imager onboard the Japanese Venus Climate Orbiter Akatsuki from June to October 2017, revealing a dramatic evolution of planetary-scale waves and corresponding changes in planetary-scale UV features. We identified a prominent 5-day periodicity in both the winds and brightness variations, whose phase velocities were slower than the dayside mean zonal winds (or the super-rotation) by >35 m s$^{-1}$. The reconstructed planetary-scale vortices were nearly equatorially symmetric and centered at ~35{\deg} latitude in both hemispheres, which indicated that they were part of a Rossby wave. The amplitude of winds variation associated with the observed Rossby wave packet were amplified gradually over ~20 days and attenuated over ~50 days. Following the formation of the Rossby wave vortices, brightness variation emerges to form rippling white cloud belts in the 45{\deg}-60{\deg} latitudes of both hemispheres. ~3.8-day periodic signals were observed in the zonal wind and brightness variations in the equatorial region before the Rossby wave amplification. Although the amplitude and significance of the 3.8-day mode were relatively low in the observation season, this feature is consistent with a Kelvin wave, which may be the cause of the dark clusters in the equatorial region., Comment: 44 pages, 19 figures

Published
2019
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9. Long-term variations of Venus' 365-nm albedo observed by Venus Express, Akatsuki, MESSENGER, and Hubble Space Telescope

Author

Lee, Yeon Joo, Jessup, Kandis-Lea, Perez-Hoyos, Santiago, Titov, Dmitrij V., Lebonnois, Sebastien, Peralta, Javier, Horinouchi, Takeshi, Imamura, Takeshi, Limaye, Sanjay, Marcq, Emmanuel, Takagi, Masahiro, Yamazaki, Atsushi, Yamada, Manabu, Watanabe, Shigeto, Murakami, Shin-ya, Ogohara, Kazunori, McClintock, William M., Holsclaw, Gregory, and Roman, Anthony

Subjects
Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract

An unknown absorber near the cloud top level of Venus generates a broad absorption feature from the ultraviolet (UV) to visible, peaking around 360 nm, and therefore plays a critical role in the solar energy absorption. We present a quantitative study on the variability of the cloud albedo at 365 nm and its impact on Venus' solar heating rates based on an analysis of Venus Express and Akatsuki's UV images, and Hubble Space Telescope and MESSENGER's UV spectral data; in this analysis the calibration correction factor of the UV images of Venus Express (VMC) is updated relative to the Hubble and MESSENGER albedo measurements. Our results indicate that the 365-nm albedo varied by a factor of 2 from 2006 to 2017 over the entire planet, producing a 25-40% change in the low latitude solar heating rate according to our radiative transfer calculations. Thus, the cloud top level atmosphere should have experienced considerable solar heating variations over this period. Our global circulation model calculations show that this variable solar heating rate may explain the observed variations of zonal wind from 2006 to 2017. Overlaps in the timescale of the long-term UV albedo and the solar activity variations make it plausible that solar extreme UV intensity and cosmic-ray variations influenced the observed albedo trends. The albedo variations might also be linked with temporal variations of the upper cloud SO2 gas abundance, which affects the H2SO4-H2O aerosol formation., Comment: 22 pages, 16 figures, accepted

Published
2019
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10. Principal Components of Short-term Variability in Venus' UV Albedo

Author

Kopparla, Pushkar, Lee, Yeon Joo, Imamura, Takeshi, and Yamazaki, Atsushi

Subjects
Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract

We explore the dominant modes of variability in the observed albedo at the cloud tops of Venus using the Akatsuki UVI 283-nm and 365-nm observations, which are sensitive to SO2 and unknown UV absorber distributions respectively, over the period Dec 2016 to May 2018. The observations consist of images of the dayside of Venus, most often observed at intervals of 2 hours, but interspersed with longer gaps. The orbit of the spacecraft does not allow for continuous observation of the full dayside, and the unobserved regions cause significant gaps in the datasets. Each dataset is subdivided into three subsets for three observing periods, the unobserved data are interpolated and each subset is then subjected to a principal component analysis (PCA) to find six oscillating patterns in the albedo. Principal components in all three periods show similar morphologies at 283-nm but are much more variable at 365-nm. Some spatial patterns and the time scales of these modes correspond to well known physical processes in the atmosphere of Venus such as the ~4 day Kelvin wave, 5 day Rossby waves and the overturning circulation, while others defy a simple explanation. We also a find a hemispheric mode that is not well understood and discuss its implications., Comment: 9 pages, 6 figures, accepted in A&A

Published
2019
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14. Nightside Winds at the Lower Clouds of Venus with Akatsuki/IR2: Longitudinal, local time and decadal variations from comparison with previous measurements

Author

Peralta, Javier, Muto, Keishiro, Hueso, Ricardo, Horinouchi, Takeshi, Sánchez-Lavega, Agustín, Murakami, Shin-ya, Machado, Pedro, Young, Eliot F., Lee, Yeon Joo, Kouyama, Toru, Sagawa, Hideo, McGouldrick, Kevin, Satoh, Takehiko, Imamura, Takeshi, Limaye, Sanjay S., Sato, Takao M., Ogohara, Kazunori, Nakamura, Masato, and Luz, David

Subjects
Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Physics - Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics
Abstract

We present measurements of the wind speeds at the nightside lower clouds of Venus from observations by JAXA's mission Akatsuki during 2016, complemented with new wind measurements from ground-based observations acquired with TNG/NICS in 2012 and IRTF/SpeX in 2015 and 2017. Zonal and meridional components of the winds were measured from cloud tracking on a total of 466 Akatsuki images of Venus acquired by the camera IR2 using the 2.26-$\mathrm{\mu m}$ filter, with spatial resolutions ranging 10--80 km per pixel and covering from 2016 March 22 to October 31. More than 149,000 wind vectors were obtained with an automatic technique of template matching, and 2,947 wind vectors were inferred with the manual procedure. The meridional profiles for both components of the winds are found to be consistent with results from the Venus Express mission during 2006--2008, although stronger wind variability is found for the zonal component at equatorial latitudes where Akatsuki observations have better viewing geometry than Venus Express. The zonal winds at low latitudes also suggest a zonal variability that could be associated with solar tides or vertically propagating orographic waves. Finally, the combination of our wind measurements from TNG/NICS, IRTF/SpeX and Akatsuki images with previously published and based in data from 1978 to 2017 suggests variations of up to 30 m s$^{-1}$ in the winds at the lower clouds of the Venus nightside., Comment: 20 pages, 13 figures, Supplemental Material available at ApJS

Published
2018
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22. Martian moons exploration MMX: sample return mission to Phobos elucidating formation processes of habitable planets

Author

Kuramoto, Kiyoshi, Kawakatsu, Yasuhiro, Fujimoto, Masaki, Araya, Akito, Barucci, Maria Antonietta, Genda, Hidenori, Hirata, Naru, Ikeda, Hitoshi, Imamura, Takeshi, Helbert, Jörn, Kameda, Shingo, Kobayashi, Masanori, Kusano, Hiroki, Lawrence, David J., Matsumoto, Koji, Michel, Patrick, Miyamoto, Hideaki, Morota, Tomokatsu, Nakagawa, Hiromu, Nakamura, Tomoki, Ogawa, Kazunori, Otake, Hisashi, Ozaki, Masanobu, Russell, Sara, Sasaki, Sho, Sawada, Hirotaka, Senshu, Hiroki, Tachibana, Shogo, Terada, Naoki, Ulamec, Stephan, Usui, Tomohiro, Wada, Koji, Watanabe, Sei-ichiro, and Yokota, Shoichiro

Published
2022
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23. The Mars system revealed by the Martian Moons eXploration mission

Author

Ogohara, Kazunori, Nakagawa, Hiromu, Aoki, Shohei, Kouyama, Toru, Usui, Tomohiro, Terada, Naoki, Imamura, Takeshi, Montmessin, Franck, Brain, David, Doressoundiram, Alain, Gautier, Thomas, Hara, Takuya, Harada, Yuki, Ikeda, Hitoshi, Koike, Mizuho, Leblanc, François, Ramirez, Ramses, Sawyer, Eric, Seki, Kanako, Spiga, Aymeric, Vandaele, Ann Carine, Yokota, Shoichiro, Barucci, Antonella, and Kameda, Shingo

Published
2022
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24. Return to Venus of the Japanese Venus Climate Orbiter AKATSUKI

Author

Nakamura, Masato, Kawakatsu, Yasuhiro, Hirose, Chikako, Imamura, Takeshi, Ishii, Nobuaki, Abe, Takumi, Yamazaki, Atsushi, Yamada, Manabu, Ogohara, Kazunori, Uemizu, Kazunori, Fukuhara, Tetsuya, Ohtsuki, Shoko, Satoh, Takehiko, Suzuki, Makoto, Ueno, Munetaka, Nakatsuka, Junichi, Iwagami, Naomoto, Taguchi, Makoto, Watanabe, Shigeto, Takahashi, Yukihiro, Hashimoto, George L., and Yamamoto, Hiroki

Subjects
Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract

Japanese Venus Climate Orbiter/AKATSUKI was proposed in 2001 with strong support by international Venus science community and approved as an ISAS (The Institute of Space and Astronautical Science) mission soon after the proposal. The mission life we expected was more than two Earth years in Venus orbit. AKATSUKI was successfully launched at 06:58:22JST on May 21, 2010, by H-IIA F17. After the separation from H-IIA, the telemetry from AKATSUKI was normally detected by DSN Goldstone station (10:00JST) and the solar cell paddles' deployment was confirmed. After a successful cruise, the malfunction happened on the propulsion system during the Venus orbit insertion (VOI) on Dec 7, 2010. The engine shut down before the planned reduction in speed to achieve. The spacecraft did not enter the Venus orbit, but entered an orbit around the Sun with a period of 203 days. Most of the fuel still had remained, but the orbital maneuvering engine was found to be broken and unusable. However, we have found an alternate way of achieving orbit by using only the reaction control system (RSC). We had adopted the alternate way for orbital maneuver and three minor maneuvers in Nov 2011 were successfully done so that AKATSUKI would meet Venus in 2015. We are considering several scenarios for VOI using only RCS., Comment: 7 pages, 9 figures, This paper was presented during the 63rd International Astronautical Congress (IAC) in Naples

Published
2017
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28. The nightside cloud-top circulation of the atmosphere of Venus

Author

Fukuya, Kiichi, Imamura, Takeshi, Taguchi, Makoto, Fukuhara, Tetsuya, Kouyama, Toru, Horinouchi, Takeshi, Peralta, Javier, Futaguchi, Masahiko, Yamada, Takeru, Sato, Takao M., Yamazaki, Atsushi, Murakami, Shin-ya, Satoh, Takehiko, Takagi, Masahiro, and Nakamura, Masato

Subjects
Venus (Planet) -- Atmosphere, Atmospheric circulation -- Natural history, Environmental issues, Science and technology, Zoology and wildlife conservation
Abstract

Although Venus is a terrestrial planet similar to Earth, its atmospheric circulation is much different and poorly characterized.sup.1. Winds at the cloud top have been measured predominantly on the dayside. Prominent poleward drifts have been observed with dayside cloud tracking and interpreted to be caused by thermal tides and a Hadley circulation.sup.2-4; however, the lack of nightside measurements over broad latitudes has prevented the unambiguous characterization of these components. Here we obtain cloud-tracked winds at all local times using thermal infrared images taken by the Venus orbiter Akatsuki, which is sensitive to an altitude of about 65 kilometres.sup.5. Prominent equatorward flows are found on the nightside, resulting in null meridional velocities when these are zonally averaged. The velocity structure of the thermal tides was determined without the influence of the Hadley circulation. The semidiurnal tide was found to have an amplitude large enough to contribute to the maintenance of the atmospheric superrotation. The weakness of the mean meridional flow at the cloud top implies that the poleward branch of the Hadley circulation exists above the cloud top and that the equatorward branch exists in the clouds. Our results should shed light on atmospheric superrotation in other celestial bodies. Cloud-top thermal images obtained by the Akatsuki orbiter show that Venus has almost null mean meridional circulation at the cloud top, because poleward circulation on the dayside is offset by equatorward circulation on the nightside., Author(s): Kiichi Fukuya [sup.1] , Takeshi Imamura [sup.2] , Makoto Taguchi [sup.3] , Tetsuya Fukuhara [sup.3] , Toru Kouyama [sup.4] , Takeshi Horinouchi [sup.5] , Javier Peralta [sup.6] [sup.7] , [...]

Published
2021
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29. Hematopoietic-Derived Galectin-3 Causes Cellular and Systemic Insulin Resistance

Author

Li, Pingping, Liu, Shuainan, Lu, Min, Bandyopadhyay, Gautum, Oh, Dayoung, Imamura, Takeshi, Johnson, Andrew MF, Sears, Dorothy, Shen, Zhufang, Cui, Bing, Kong, Lijuan, Hou, Shaocong, Liang, Xiao, Iovino, Salvatore, Watkins, Steven M, Ying, Wei, Osborn, Olivia, Wollam, Joshua, Brenner, Martin, and Olefsky, Jerrold M

Subjects
Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Biological Sciences, Nutrition, Diabetes, Obesity, Aetiology, 5.1 Pharmaceuticals, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, Development of treatments and therapeutic interventions, Metabolic and endocrine, Adipocytes, Animals, Chemotaxis, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Galectin 3, Hepatocytes, Humans, Insulin, Insulin Resistance, Macrophages, Mice, Mice, Knockout, Muscle Cells, galectin-3, inflammation, insulin resistance, Medical and Health Sciences, Developmental Biology, Biological sciences, Biomedical and clinical sciences
Abstract

In obesity, macrophages and other immune cells accumulate in insulin target tissues, promoting a chronic inflammatory state and insulin resistance. Galectin-3 (Gal3), a lectin mainly secreted by macrophages, is elevated in both obese subjects and mice. Administration of Gal3 to mice causes insulin resistance and glucose intolerance, whereas inhibition of Gal3, through either genetic or pharmacologic loss of function, improved insulin sensitivity in obese mice. In vitro treatment with Gal3 directly enhanced macrophage chemotaxis, reduced insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in myocytes and 3T3-L1 adipocytes and impaired insulin-mediated suppression of glucose output in primary mouse hepatocytes. Importantly, we found that Gal3 can bind directly to the insulin receptor (IR) and inhibit downstream IR signaling. These observations elucidate a novel role for Gal3 in hepatocyte, adipocyte, and myocyte insulin resistance, suggesting that Gal3 can link inflammation to decreased insulin sensitivity. Inhibition of Gal3 could be a new approach to treat insulin resistance.

Published
2016

30. MIRS: an imaging spectrometer for the MMX mission

Author

Barucci, Maria Antonietta, Reess, Jean-Michel, Bernardi, Pernelle, Doressoundiram, Alain, Fornasier, Sonia, Le Du, Michel, Iwata, Takahiro, Nakagawa, Hiromu, Nakamura, Tomoki, André, Yves, Aoki, Shohei, Arai, Takehiko, Baldit, Elisa, Beck, Pierre, Buey, Jean-Tristan, Canalias, Elisabet, Castelnau, Matthieu, Charnoz, Sebastien, Chaussidon, Marc, Chapron, Fréderic, Ciarletti, Valerie, Delbo, Marco, Dubois, Bruno, Gauffre, Stephane, Gautier, Thomas, Genda, Hidenori, Hassen-Khodja, Rafik, Hervet, Gilles, Hyodo, Ryuki, Imbert, Christian, Imamura, Takeshi, Jorda, Laurent, Kameda, Shingo, Kouach, Driss, Kouyama, Toru, Kuroda, Takeshi, Kurokawa, Hiroyuki, Lapaw, Laurent, Lasue, Jeremie, Le Deit, Laetitia, Ledot, Aurélien, Leyrat, Cedric, Le Ruyet, Bertrand, Matsuoka, Moe, Merlin, Frederic, Miyamoto, Hideaki, Moynier, Frederic, Nguyen Tuong, Napoleon, Ogohara, Kazunori, Osawa, Takahito, Parisot, Jérôme, Pistre, Laurie, Quertier, Benjamin, Raymond, Sean N., Rocard, Francis, Sakanoi, Takeshi, Sato, Takao M., Sawyer, Eric, Tache, Fériel, Trémolières, Sylvain, Tsuchiya, Fuminori, Vernazza, Pierre, and Zeganadin, Didier

Published
2021
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33. Profiling the inhibitory receptors LAG-3, TIM-3, and TIGIT in renal cell carcinoma reveals malignancy

Author

Takamatsu, Kimiharu, Tanaka, Nobuyuki, Hakozaki, Kyohei, Takahashi, Ryohei, Teranishi, Yu, Murakami, Tetsushi, Kufukihara, Ryohei, Niwa, Naoya, Mikami, Shuji, Shinojima, Toshiaki, Sasaki, Takashi, Sato, Yusuke, Kume, Haruki, Ogawa, Seishi, Kakimi, Kazuhiro, Kamatani, Takashi, Miya, Fuyuki, Tsunoda, Tatsuhiko, Aimono, Eriko, Nishihara, Hiroshi, Sawada, Kazuaki, Imamura, Takeshi, Mizuno, Ryuichi, and Oya, Mototsugu

Published
2021
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34. Science operation plan of Phobos and Deimos from the MMX spacecraft

Author

Nakamura, Tomoki, Ikeda, Hitoshi, Kouyama, Toru, Nakagawa, Hiromu, Kusano, Hiroki, Senshu, Hiroki, Kameda, Shingo, Matsumoto, Koji, Gonzalez-Franquesa, Ferran, Ozaki, Naoya, Takeo, Yosuke, Baresi, Nicola, Oki, Yusuke, Lawrence, David J., Chabot, Nancy L., Peplowski, Patrick N., Barucci, Maria Antonietta, Sawyer, Eric, Yokota, Shoichiro, Terada, Naoki, Ulamec, Stephan, Michel, Patrick, Kobayashi, Masanori, Sasaki, Sho, Hirata, Naru, Wada, Koji, Miyamoto, Hideaki, Imamura, Takeshi, Ogawa, Naoko, Ogawa, Kazunori, Iwata, Takahiro, Imada, Takane, Otake, Hisashi, Canalias, Elisabet, Lorda, Laurence, Tardivel, Simon, Mary, Stéphane, Kunugi, Makoto, Mitsuhashi, Seiji, Doressoundiram, Alain, Merlin, Frédéric, Fornasier, Sonia, Reess, Jean-Michel, Bernardi, Pernelle, Imai, Shigeru, Ito, Yasuyuki, Ishida, Hatsumi, Kuramoto, Kiyoshi, and Kawakatsu, Yasuhiro

Published
2021
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35. Highly porous nature of a primitive asteroid revealed by thermal imaging

Author

Okada, Tatsuaki, Fukuhara, Tetsuya, Tanaka, Satoshi, Taguchi, Makoto, Arai, Takehiko, Senshu, Hiroki, Sakatani, Naoya, Shimaki, Yuri, Demura, Hirohide, Ogawa, Yoshiko, Suko, Kentaro, Sekiguchi, Tomohiko, Kouyama, Toru, Takita, Jun, Matsunaga, Tsuneo, Imamura, Takeshi, Wada, Takehiko, Hasegawa, Sunao, Helbert, Jörn, Müller, Thomas G., Hagermann, Axel, Biele, Jens, Grott, Matthias, Hamm, Maximilian, Delbo, Marco, Hirata, Naru, Hirata, Naoyuki, Yamamoto, Yukio, Sugita, Seiji, Namiki, Noriyuki, Kitazato, Kohei, Arakawa, Masahiko, Tachibana, Shogo, Ikeda, Hitoshi, Ishiguro, Masateru, Wada, Koji, Honda, Chikatoshi, Honda, Rie, Ishihara, Yoshiaki, Matsumoto, Koji, Matsuoka, Moe, Michikami, Tatsuhiro, Miura, Akira, Morota, Tomokatsu, Noda, Hirotomo, Noguchi, Rina, Ogawa, Kazunori, Shirai, Kei, Tatsumi, Eri, Yabuta, Hikaru, Yokota, Yasuhiro, Yamada, Manabu, Abe, Masanao, Hayakawa, Masahiko, Iwata, Takahiro, Ozaki, Masanobu, Yano, Hajime, Hosoda, Satoshi, Mori, Osamu, Sawada, Hirotaka, Shimada, Takanobu, Takeuchi, Hiroshi, Tsukizaki, Ryudo, Fujii, Atsushi, Hirose, Chikako, Kikuchi, Shota, Mimasu, Yuya, Ogawa, Naoko, Ono, Go, Takahashi, Tadateru, Takei, Yuto, Yamaguchi, Tomohiro, Yoshikawa, Kent, Terui, Fuyuto, Saiki, Takanao, Nakazawa, Satoru, Yoshikawa, Makoto, Watanabe, Seiichiro, and Tsuda, Yuichi

Published
2020
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40. Heterozygous mutations in the straitjacket region of the latency-associated peptide domain of TGFB2 cause Camurati–Engelmann disease type II

Author

Wang, Zheng, Kometani, Mitsuhiro, Zeitlin, Leonid, Wilnai, Yael, Kinoshita, Akira, Yoshiura, Koh-ichiro, Ninomiya, Hiroko, Imamura, Takeshi, Guo, Long, Xue, Jingyi, Yan, Li, Ohashi, Hirofumi, Pretemer, Yann, Kawai, Shunsuke, Shiina, Masaaki, Ogata, Kazuhiro, Cohn, Daniel H., Matsumoto, Naomichi, Nishimura, Gen, Toguchida, Junya, Miyake, Noriko, and Ikegawa, Shiro

Abstract

Camurati–Engelmann disease (CED) is an autosomal dominant bone dysplasia characterized by progressive hyperostosis of the skull base and diaphyses of the long bones. CED is further divided into two subtypes, CED1 and CED2, according to the presence or absence of TGFB1mutations, respectively. In this study, we used exome sequencing to investigate the genetic cause of CED2 in three pedigrees and identified two de novo heterozygous mutations in TGFB2among the three patients. Both mutations were located in the region of the gene encoding the straitjacket subdomain of the latency-associated peptide (LAP) of pro-TGF-β2. Structural simulations of the mutant LAPs suggested that the mutations could cause significant conformational changes and lead to a reduction in TGF-β2 inactivation. An activity assay confirmed a significant increase in TGF-β2/SMAD signaling. In vitro osteogenic differentiation experiment using iPS cells from one of the CED2 patients showed significantly enhanced ossification, suggesting that the pathogenic mechanism of CED2 is increased activation of TGF-β2 by loss-of-function of the LAP. These results, in combination with the difference in hyperostosis patterns between CED1 and CED2, suggest distinct functions between TGFB1and TGFB2in human skeletal development and homeostasis.

Published
2024
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41. From science questions to Solar System exploration

Author

UCL - SST/ELI/ELIC - Earth & Climate, Dehant, Véronique, Blanc, Michel, Mackwell, Steve, Soderlund, Krista M., Beck, Pierre, Bunce, Emma, Charnoz, Sébastien, Foing, Bernard, Filice, Valerio, Fletcher, Leigh N., Forget, François, Griton, Léa, Hammel, Heidi, Höning, Dennis, Imamura, Takeshi, Jackman, Caitriona, Kaspi, Yohai, Korablev, Oleg, Leconte, Jérémy, Lellouch, Emmanuel, Marty, Bernard, Mangold, Nicolas, Michel, Patrick, Morbidelli, Alessandro, Mousis, Olivier, Prieto-Ballesteros, Olga, Spohn, Tilman, Schmidt, Juergen, Sterken, Veerle J., Tosi, Nicola, Vandaele, Ann C., Vernazza, Pierre, Vazan, Allona, Westall, Frances, UCL - SST/ELI/ELIC - Earth & Climate, Dehant, Véronique, Blanc, Michel, Mackwell, Steve, Soderlund, Krista M., Beck, Pierre, Bunce, Emma, Charnoz, Sébastien, Foing, Bernard, Filice, Valerio, Fletcher, Leigh N., Forget, François, Griton, Léa, Hammel, Heidi, Höning, Dennis, Imamura, Takeshi, Jackman, Caitriona, Kaspi, Yohai, Korablev, Oleg, Leconte, Jérémy, Lellouch, Emmanuel, Marty, Bernard, Mangold, Nicolas, Michel, Patrick, Morbidelli, Alessandro, Mousis, Olivier, Prieto-Ballesteros, Olga, Spohn, Tilman, Schmidt, Juergen, Sterken, Veerle J., Tosi, Nicola, Vandaele, Ann C., Vernazza, Pierre, Vazan, Allona, and Westall, Frances

Abstract

This chapter reviews the way the six key questions about planetary systems, from their origins to the way they work and their habitability, identified in Chapter 1 (Blanc et al., 2021), can be addressed by means of solar system exploration, and how one can find partial answers to these six questions by flying to the different provinces to the solar system: terrestrial planets, giant planets, small bodies, and up to its interface with the local interstellar medium. It derives from this analysis a synthetic description of the most important space observations to be performed at the different solar system objects by future planetary exploration missions. These “observation requirements” illustrate the diversity of measurement techniques to be used as well as the diversity of destinations where these observations must be made. They constitute the base for the identification of the future planetary missions we need to fly by 2061, which are described in Chapter 4.

Published
2023

48. Epstein-Barr virus reactivation in peripheral B lymphocytes induces IgM-type thyrotropin receptor autoantibody production in patients with Graves’ disease

Author

Nagata, Keiko, primary, Hayashi, Kazuhiko, additional, Kumata, Keisuke, additional, Satoh, Yukio, additional, Osaki, Mitsuhiko, additional, Nakayama, Yuji, additional, Kuwamoto, Satoshi, additional, Ichihara, Yoshinori, additional, Okura, Tsuyoshi, additional, Matsuzawa, Kazuhiko, additional, Miake, Junichiro, additional, Fukata, Shuji, additional, and Imamura, Takeshi, additional

Published
2023
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