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The study has as purpose to identify, analyze, and validate challenge constructs of Industry 4.0, which can affect the promotion of sustainability within the industry. A systematic literature review was conducted to identify challenges to the promotion of Industry 4.0 sustainability. A set of seventy challenges were grouped into the following eight constructs: finances, technology, organizational, human resources, legislation, geopolitical and economic factors, and both internal and external factors. Subsequently, the same constructs were validated using a survey involving industry professionals. The data were analyzed using the Lawshe method. Five constructs within the eight constructs were considered relevant to industry sustainability according to the experts' opinion. The validated set of constructs included: finance, technology, organizational, human resources, and internal factors. This study contributes to the literature in the field by addressing a research gap of constructs identification based on expert's opinions that impact Industry 4.0 in promotion of sustainable development. This study delivers theoretical and practical implications. From a theoretical standpoint, it contributes to expanding knowledge by providing valuable insights into the adoption of Industry 4.0 and its specific challenges concerning the pursuit of more sustainable practices. These implications extend to diverse research areas given the multidisciplinary nature of Industry 4.0. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract This article proposes an interdisciplinary approach to analyzing the problems associated with the introduction of digital technologies into industry, with special attention to artificial intelligence. The author offers a methodological framework based on the principles of lean manufacturing and artificial intelligence to eliminate the identified gaps. To improve the efficiency of production systems, a model is proposed that combines the principles of lean manufacturing with digital tools such as artificial intelligence. The introduction of a new concept and method of production process management requires a revision of the project management strategy and organizational practices. As one of the main results, a project is proposed aimed at introducing lean and digital production methods using modern digital technologies. The introduction of digital technologies has led to the appearance of preliminary results that allow the heads of production departments to make informed decisions based on up-to-date data. Enterprises using the potential of artificial intelligence demonstrate higher efficiency, complete orders ahead of schedule and benefit customers through innovative software and algorithms. This approach allows organizations to effectively manage their activities, providing value to customers and increasing their satisfaction. Issues related to Industry 4.0, digitalization and artificial intelligence play a key role in the context of business transformation, therefore, the study of these aspects can be valuable both for the academic community and for the practical activities of companies.

Digital transformation allows you to achieve a competitive advantage in the market while reducing costs and expenses, but at the same time improving quality, which is a cornerstone aspect in the biotechnology industry. The pharmaceutical market is steadily growing, this is especially evident after the COVID-19 pandemic, which contributed to the emergence of a large number of drugs produced using digital twins. Doppelgangers are beginning to play an increasingly important role in biotechnological production, which has a positive effect on increasing company revenue, reducing costs, and improving production safety. The purpose of this study is to analyze the current state of the biotechnology market, assess the prospects for the introduction of digital twins into production cycles, as well as identify key areas and trends in the biotechnology industry. The article examines the cases of already successfully functioning digital counterparts, provides an analysis of the current state of the market and a forecast for its growth in the coming years. Special attention is paid to the new Pharma 4.0 concept and the effects that are designed to completely transform the industry with the help of digital technologies, the locomotive of which is the digital twin. During the research, the authors relied on the scientific works of domestic and foreign scientists from Germany, China, the Netherlands, the Russian Federation, the USA, and South Korea. The information base was compiled by reports from big pharma companies, vendors of digital twin solutions, consulting companies: McKinsey, PwC, Pfizer, Merck, GlaxoSmithKline, Siemens, Aveva, Philips, AstraZeneca, statistical data Market.US , Yahoo.Finance, ISPE.

This article proposes an interdisciplinary approach to analyzing the problems associated with the introduction of digital technologies into industry, with special attention to artificial intelligence. The author offers a methodological framework based on the principles of lean manufacturing and artificial intelligence to eliminate the identified gaps. To improve the efficiency of production systems, a model is proposed that combines the principles of lean manufacturing with digital tools such as artificial intelligence. The introduction of a new concept and method of production process management requires a revision of the project management strategy and organizational practices. As one of the main results, a project is proposed aimed at introducing lean and digital production methods using modern digital technologies. The introduction of digital technologies has led to the appearance of preliminary results that allow the heads of production departments to make informed decisions based on up-to-date data. Enterprises using the potential of artificial intelligence demonstrate higher efficiency, complete orders ahead of schedule and benefit customers through innovative software and algorithms. This approach allows organizations to effectively manage their activities, providing value to customers and increasing their satisfaction. Issues related to Industry 4.0, digitalization and artificial intelligence play a key role in the context of business transformation, therefore, the study of these aspects can be valuable both for the academic community and for the practical activities of companies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

IIoT “Industrial Internet of Things” refers to a subset of Internet of Things technology designed for industrial processes and industrial environments. IIoT aims to make manufacturing facilities, energy systems, transportation networks, and other industrial systems smarter, more efficient and connected. IIoT aims to reduce costs, increase productivity, and support more sustainable operations by making industrial processes more efficient. In this context, the use of IIoT is increasing in production, energy, healthcare, transportation, and other sectors. IoT has become one of the fastest-growing and expanding areas in the history of information technology. Billions of devices communicate with the Internet of Things with almost no human intervention. IIoT consists of sophisticated analysis and processing structures that handle data generated by internet-connected machines. IIoT devices vary from sensors to complex industrial robots. Security measures such as patch management, access control, network monitoring, authentication, service isolation, encryption, unauthorized entry detection, and application security are implemented for IIoT networks and devices. However, these methods inherently contain security vulnerabilities. As deep learning (DL) and machine learning (ML) models have significantly advanced in recent years, they have also begun to be employed in advanced security methods for IoT systems. The primary objective of this systematic survey is to address research questions by discussing the advantages and disadvantages of DL and ML algorithms used in IoT security. The purpose and details of the models, dataset characteristics, performance measures, and approaches they are compared to are covered. In the final section, the shortcomings of the reviewed manuscripts are identified, and open issues in the literature are discussed.

The purpose of the article is to define new horizons of economic integration in the EAEU based on educational and labor migration, provided that quality improvement in industry 4.0 is chosen as the key vector of this integration. Using the trend analysis method, changes in the incoming and outgoing migration flow to the EAEU in 2010-2019 have been determined. The influence of migration flows in the EAEU on the product quality in Industry 4.0 has been identified using the regression analysis method. As a result, it has been revealed that economic integration in the EAEU gives a powerful new impetus to the development of migration processes in these countries. The econometric model obtained during the study showed that the quality of Industry 4.0 products in the EAEU improves with an increase in incoming and a decrease in outgoing migration flows. The originality of this study lies in the fact that it proposes a new approach to economic integration in the EAEU, in which the management of educational and labor migration flows is rethought as a tool for the implementation of the common vector of Eurasian integration: quality improvement in industry 4.0 The authors have proposed a framework strategy for improving migration policy in the EAEU until 2025 to icrease the quality in industry 4.0. The implications for migration policy are related to the fact that the developed algorithm for managing educational and labor migration in the EAEU will prevent brain drain, strengthen the culture of the "knowledge society" and attract the best personnel from around the world for Industry 4.0 in the EAEU. The article substantiates new horizons of economic integration in the EAEU for improving migration management to increase quality in industry 4.0, namely: the creation of competence centers, innovation networks and integration associations in industry 4.0.

The research highlights the importance of prioritizing new sources of economic growth for the world, with a specific focus on Ukraine. The information base of the study included data from the statistical and managerial reporting of enterprises, the State Statistics Service of Ukraine, and information-analytical materials from international organizations. The authors analyze scientific works associated with the European Green Deal (EGD) to identify historic periods of green economy growth and establish growth trends. The authors argue that favorable conditions are necessary to achieve sustainable green growth within the framework of the EGD. The study aims to introduce an improved economic definition, namely the efficiency of green (natural) capital, aligned with the provisions of the EGD in the context of Industry 4.0. The analysis demonstrated that the coefficient of green (natural) capital (GNC) efficiency is crucial in decision-making processes by enterprises, taking into account ecological and green (natural and resource) factors. The analysis also includes a flowchart of Ukraine's green economy growth in the environment of Industry 4.0 as of 2022. The research results have led to the improvement of scientific and methodological approaches to assessing the eco-economic efficiency of advanced green technologies. The introduced green (natural) capital indicator allowed to display of the theory of achieving more products and services with fewer resources, including natural and ecological ones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

New technologies have penetrated all areas of daily life, significantly changing the way we work and live. Accounting is no exception to the rule either. AI, Cloud, Big Data and Blockchain have entered this field as well, fundamentally changing the way this profession carries out its activity. A good part of the entry-level positions in accounting have disappeared, their tasks being taken over by AI. Now accountants can no longer remain stuck in the routine, having to adapt to new technologies. The future belongs to those who will understand how it works and can capitalize on the opportunities offered by technology. The accounting profession will have to be dismantled into its component parts, part of the tasks to be assigned to the machine, and then the remaining parts to be reassembled into a new profession of the future. This will have the purpose of advising the management from a financial accounting point of view, based on the accurate, complete and current data provided by the machines, in order to give the organization a strategic advantage in relation to the competition.

The goal of this research aims to look at the role of the intelligent technologies used in the Industry 4.0 framework such as artificial intelligence (AI), robotic process automation (RPA), internet of things (IoT), cloud computing, and the impact of these technologies in resources susteinability and environmental protection, as one of the most important concerns. Integration of information systems with smart technologies, that can be found in the industry as modeled components carried out on economic processes, is being one of the most important factors for any company’s management in order to remain competitive in an increasingly sophisticated business. The ways in which Industry 4.0 influences the modelling of economic processes is a decisive factor in how a company's management decides to adopt such applications aimed at helping the company achieve its goals. Any application adopted by the company has decisive influences in the subsequent approach to the way of working related to a department, division, so the way it is adapted must be one that helps in the subsequent processing of the information necessary for the development of the business itself.

The integration of digital knowledge and information technology into all economic sectors is driven by the digital revolution and Industry 4.0. They also emerge as the primary driver of economic advancement across different nations. The main research goal of this paper is to analyse how the Digital Development Level influences the National Cybersecurity Index across different countries, as well as to determine the average Digital Development Level and the average National Cybersecurity Index value for all countries. A quantitative approach was employed in this research, utilizing secondary data. The analysis included one-way ANOVA, linear regression, correlation, and descriptive statistics. The study found a positive correlation between the Digital Development Level (DDL) and the National Cybersecurity Index (NCSI), as well as significant disparities between these variables. Qualitative factors, such as government policies, organizational culture, or international cooperation, are not accounted for in the analysis. Research results highlight the need for continued investments in both areas and underscore the importance of integrated policy approaches that address the complex challenges of the digital economy.

Digitalization is one of the key modern drivers of influence on the development of the economies of both individual countries and the world economy as a whole. Accordingly, the megatrend of digitalization determines both opportunities and challenges for national economies with the most significant focus on the largest economies of the countries to which the German economy belongs. The aim of the article is to analyze the features of the complex of actions of the part of the Federal Republic of Germany to support digitalization in the traditional sectors of the economy. The article discusses the features of transformation under the influence of digitalization in the traditional sectors of the German economy, which leads to significant changes in the driving forces of the economic model of the Federal Republic. It is noted that the German economy faces a number of short-term challenges, including the long-term consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic and the Russian-Ukrainian war. In particular, under the influence of exogenous factors, the inflation rate in Germany increased to 7.9% in 2022 from 3.1% in 2021. These crisis challenges have put a certain strain on various sectors of the German economy, creating new challenges for economic development. It is noted that the Federal Government of Germany applies an integrated approach aimed at stimulating both economic development at the short-term stage and long-term growth, based on investments in renewable energy and digitalization. It is emphasized that this balanced approach within the framework of the public policy has contributed to reducing Germany’s dependence on existing exogenous challenges, also to the active emergence of Germany as a leader in the world economic transformation. The key directions of the public policy of digital transformation of Germany are allocated. In addition, the main challenges of digital transformation for the national economy of the Federal Republic of Germany are emphasized. The proposed research can be useful for specialized scientists and analysts, research centers, authorities of both the State and the local levels, and international organizations. The prospects of this study are seen in the analysis of cases of leading national economies on digital transformation and their adaptation in Germany.

The purpose of this paper is to analyse the use of machine learning in smart manufacturing, describing techniques, technologies, industries, and purposes associated with industrial applications. We conducted a systematic literature review using Scopus, in which 26,032 documents were found. After applying quality criteria, 107 articles were analysed. The main findings show that machinery was the industry subsector with the major implementations regarding machine learning; process improvement is the main concern (interest) of all implementations; random forest was the most specific machine learning technique used; and diverse technologies associated with this context were identified such as: the industrial internet of things, digital twin, sensor technologies (soft, optical, barometric, ultrasonic), software technologies (Python, MATLAB, LabView, Google AutoML Platform) and equipment technologies (robotic, PLC, CNC). Most fault detection machine learning applications were focused on predictive maintenance, specifically in mechanical equipment (bearings, machines in general, and assembly lines). This study presents a novel taxonomy that identifies 85 specific machine-learning techniques used in smart manufacturing.

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Abstract This article aims to analyze the setting up of tangible resources and human big data skills, in the face of institutional pressures, in the big data analytics capability in Brazilian companies. Innovation influences the environment in which companies are inserted, increasing uncertainties, resulting in behavioral changes of social players. In response to individual efforts to rationally deal with uncertainties and constraints, organizational homogenization emerges. However, the institutional pressures that influence the setting up of specific resources are still not fully understood in the literature. The replication of the study by Dubey (2019b) is considered, seeing big data technology as an innovation that has caused changes in the social context, thus we seek to grasp the setting up of organizational big data resources in Brazilian companies to build BDA capability, due to institutional pressures. The study makes it possible to see how institutional pressures set up BDA capability, thus being able to provide means to investment allocation decisions in data technology or improve technical management skills in the business intelligence team. The study brought to light the environmental response, resulting from the technological innovation of big data, in Brazilian companies. This demonstrates that organizations adhering to big data technology select their resources in the face of various pressures, in order to build big data analytics capability. This research has a descriptive and quantitative nature, and its operationalization took place through a survey. The research population consists of Brazilian companies that use technology with a large volume of structured and/or unstructured data, to generate results and insights, which support decision making. The survey participants were employees of Brazilian companies that have positions related to building big data analytics capability, located through the LinkedIn platform. 136 valid responses were obtained. To test the hypotheses, the Structural Equation Modeling technique was used by means of the software Smartspls v. 3.2.3. This study contributes by bringing an understanding of organizational behavior in the face of institutional pressures (coercive, normative, and mimetic) when selecting tangible resources and human big data skills to build BDA capability, using Resource-Based Theory. It is observed that the setting up of BDA capability is influenced by tangible resources and human skills. Tangible resources are selected due to formal pressures, competitive conditions, and by imitating existing standards in the market. Meanwhile, the required human skills are impacted, through legitimation and professional networks of decision makers.

Uluslararası ticaret açısından önemli bir pazarlama kanalı olan limanlar, ülkelerin ekonomik gelişmişlik düzeylerinin en önemli belirleyicilerinden birisidir. Dünya ticaretinin %90’ının denizyolu üzerinden gerçekleşmesi, günümüz lojistik zincirinin en önemli öğelerinden birisi olarak ifade edilen limanların önemini gittikçe artırmakta ve limanlarda dijital dönüşümü gerekli kılmaktadır. Artık hemen her sektörde kendisini gösteren Endüstri 4.0 teknolojilerinin limancılık sektöründe de kullanılmaya başlanması, akıllı alt yapılar, nitelikli işgücü ve otomasyonun entegrasyonu olarak ifade edilen akıllı liman kavramını da gündeme getirmektedir. İlgili literatür incelendiğinde, son yıllarda limancılık sektöründe dijitalleşme uygulamalarının incelenmesine yönelik çalışmaların mevcut olduğu görülmektedir. Ancak henüz Türkiye’deki limanların akıllı liman olma yolundaki girişimlerinin operasyon, çevre, enerji, emniyet ve güvenlik boyutlarıyla araştırıldığı bir çalışmaya rastlanılamamıştır. Bu çalışma ile birlikte, limanlarda faaliyet gösteren personellerin belirtilen dört boyut altında yer alan uygulamalara yönelik bilgi düzeyleri araştırılmıştır. Keşfedici nitelikte olan bu araştırmada, örneklem yöntemi olarak amaçlı örnekleme; veri toplama yöntemi olarak yüz yüze anket ve çevrimiçi ortamda hazırlanan anket formu kullanılmıştır. Toplanan veriler IBM Statistics 25 istatistik paket programı yardımıyla analiz edilmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda, akıllı liman yapılanmasına yönelik teknolojilerin bilinirlik düzeylerinin düşük olduğu tespit edilmiştir.

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Background,Da'wah is not only lectures from the pulpit, but da'wah can also be realized through concrete actions to achieve a prosperous human life. The function of da'wah in community empowerment is about how to socialize the values ​​of Islamic teachings in building the process of community change, because da'wah itself means changes to a better social self order. The author wants to describe the function of da'wah in human empowerment, which is actually part of the role of the da'i to participate in progress. Method, The research method used in this research is a qualitative method. The selection of this method is intended to find out how the data from the findings can be found, collected, processed, and analyzed. Discussion, To achieve the goals of da'wah, especially in the context of empowerment, focus, Da'wah methods and materials must be directed at the characteristics of development, namely: from: da'wah actors to the community, it will be institutionalized. Second, missionaries and the community must be closer to a common vision, because the preacher is not only responsible for transmitting but also as a bridge to facilitate the community. Third, the content of da'wah is no longer to describe community problems that need to be resolved by other parties, but rather to facilitate the community to understand itself, its problems and potential. , for social or political transitions. and the psychological aspects of what society wants. Fourth, da'wah must be able to create an atmosphere where the community has the capacity and potential to generate knowledge and analyze it. namely: from: da'wah actors to the community will be institutionalized. Second, missionaries and the community must be closer to a common vision, because the preacher is not only responsible for transmitting but also as a bridge to facilitate the community. Third, the content of da'wah is no longer to describe community problems that need to be resolved by other parties, but rather to facilitate the community to understand itself, its problems and potential. , for social or political transitions. and the psychological aspects of what society wants. Fourth, da'wah must be able to create an atmosphere where the community has the capacity and potential to generate knowledge and analyze it. namely: from: da'wah actors to the community will be institutionalized. Second, missionaries and the community must be closer to a common vision, because the preacher is not only responsible for transmitting but also as a bridge to facilitate the community. Third, the content of da'wah is no longer to describe community problems that need to be resolved by other parties, but rather to facilitate the community to understand itself, its problems and potential. , for social or political transitions. and the psychological aspects of what society wants. Fourth, da'wah must be able to create an atmosphere where the community has the capacity and potential to generate knowledge and analyze it. missionaries and the community must be closer to a common vision, because the preacher is not only responsible for transmitting but also as a bridge to facilitate the community. Third, the content of da'wah is no longer to describe community problems that need to be resolved by other parties, but rather to facilitate the community to understand itself, its problems and potential. , for social or political transitions. and the psychological aspects of what society wants. Fourth, da'wah must be able to create an atmosphere where the community has the capacity and potential to generate knowledge and analyze it. missionaries and the community must be closer to a common vision, because the preacher is not only responsible for transmitting but also as a bridge to facilitate the community. Third, the content of da'wah is no longer to describe community problems that need to be resolved by other parties, but rather to facilitate the community to understand itself, its problems and potential. , for social or political transitions. and the psychological aspects of what society wants. Fourth, da'wah must be able to create an atmosphere where the community has the capacity and potential to generate knowledge and analyze it. the content of da'wah is no longer to describe community problems that need to be resolved by other parties, but rather to facilitate the community to understand itself, its problems and potential. , for social or political transitions. and the psychological aspects of what society wants. Fourth, da'wah must be able to create an atmosphere where the community has the capacity and potential to generate knowledge and analyze it. the content of da'wah is no longer to describe community problems that need to be resolved by other parties, but rather to facilitate the community to understand itself, its problems and potential. , for social or political transitions. and the psychological aspects of what society wants. Fourth, da'wah must be able to create an atmosphere where the community has the capacity and potential to generate knowledge and analyze it.

The article discloses the relevance of the issue of the formation and development of Industry 4.0, emphasizes its comprehensive nature, reflects the system of scientific views on this term, taking into account the points of view of such leading consulting companies in the world as Deloitte, McKinsey, KPMG, Ernst &young, PricewaterhouseCoopers. The authors’ own vision of the essence of the concept is proposed that characterizes Industry 4.0 as the creation and introduction of breakthrough technologies that will serve as the basis for further technological development and their mass application, capable of influencing the growth of the quality of value chain management, the development of new business models and the integration of all production entities into a single database in order to improve production processes and accelerated innovation development. The main stages of industrial production development from the stage of mechanization (Industry 1.0) to the present (Industry 4.0 and beyond) are formulated and illustrated, indicating the potential of development. Attention is focused on the need for revolutionary changes not only in industry, but also in business models of enterprises. The principles of building Industry 4.0 are given, as well as the technologies inherent in Industry 4.0 are listed, their condensed essential characteristic is provided. The content of the key achievements of Industry 4.0 is emphasized, taking into account the main technologies and some areas of development. As a result, the authors identify the vector of development of economies of countries, as well as enterprises operating both in these economies and on the verge of their intersection, under the influence of Industry 4.0 and in the conditions of Next Normality (new reality), which involves significant transformation changes, integration of technologies, reorientation of enterprise resources, mechanisms of value added formation, and optimization of business processes at all levels.

The article is devoted to the topical topic of the fourth industrial revolution, which every member of society is witnessing and participating in today. The author analyzes the process of forming a new social reality and notes its ambiguous nature. On the one hand, there are obvious innovative breakthroughs in many areas of life that can significantly "improve" human (not only social) existence. On the other hand, the contradictions and paradoxes of such a "brave new world" are exponentially increasing, "deferred" challenges and risks are being formed, moral and ethical algorithms of social interaction are being transformed. The author focuses on the fact that today humanity, in order to form a balanced and safe social environment, needs to delve into the essence of the process of the fourth industrial revolution. To do this, it is necessary not just to comprehend their upcoming scientific and technological "steps", but equally those profound changes that have already been launched. In addition, the article also notes the special role of the COVID-19 pandemic, which, according to many researchers, has forever changed the usual societal contours, forming a kind of "post-pandemic" social reality. The paper analyzes the uniqueness of the situation of "layering" of two transformational processes – the expansion of the fourth industrial revolution and the reformatting of being by the COVID-19 virus. In view of this, as the author notes, a person begins practically, at the level of everyday life, to face an increasing volume of changes generated by these processes, as well as to experience fear of the future and a permanent state of anxiety. Therefore, in the modern social reality, there is an adequate demand for the formation of a "response" to new, including digital challenges and risks, as well as in the strategic development of regulatory and adaptive measures. The author substantiates the need to develop a strategy for techno-digital security and include it in the relevant federal regulations.

The growing adoption of Artificial Intelligence (AI) has sparked ubiquitous concerns worldwide. Artificial intelligence can affect economic growth and employment. The influence is assumed to be substantial because the adoption of AI technology may lead to increased productivity, lower wages, prices, and labor substitution. Artificial intelligence can affect global economic growth with its widespread adoption and diffusion. We mathematically examined the effects of AI on economic growth, reiterating how AI is unique as a production factor. The models show that AI capital lowers capital prices, increases wages, and augments productivity. Besides, AI capital positively affects the labor share and vice versa, provided that AI and labor are complementary. We improved a task-based model to show AI raises both labor share and wages by generating new tasks. We also present the potential policy implications of AI adoption. We conclude AI can contribute to economic growth. Labor-abundant countries should adopt labor-augmenting technology, while countries with an aging population can adopt capital-augmenting technology. However, caution should be exercised in ensuring that the models are leveraged optimally.

Bu araştırmada, Endüstri 4.0 çağında Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy Üniversitesi ve Isparta Uygulamalı Bilimler Üniversitesi’nde muhasebe - finans yönetimi öğrencilerinin uzaktan öğretim sistemine yönelik algılar ve bu algıların birbiri ile olan ilişkilerini incelemeyi amaçlamıştır. Araştırma kapsamında ağırlıklı olarak muhasebe ve finans eğitimi alan 334 öğrenciye online olarak anket veri toplama yöntemi ile soru ve ifadeler yöneltilmesi sonucunda elde edilen veriler güvenilirlik, faktör ve regresyon analizine tabi tutulmuştur. Güvenilirlik analizi sonrasında oldukça yüksek güvenilirlikte olan veriler, faktör analizine tabi tutulması sonucunda beş faktöre ayrılmıştır. Bu faktörler ile oluşturulan hipotezler regresyon analizine tabi tutulmuştur. Araştırma sonucunda araştırma konu ve amaç doğrultusunda oluşturulan hipotezlerin tamamı kabul edilmiştir. Dolayısı ile öğrencilerin rasyonellik algıları, sistemin bilgi kalitesi ve güvenliği, operasyonel karar desteği ve yordam etkinliği, sistemin hizmet kalitesi ve sisteme yönelik beklenti etkisi ve inanç sistematiği tutumunun oluşmasında etkili olduğu ortaya çıkmıştır.

The evolution and continuous changes of the operational environment require advanced technologies and combat systems generated by Industry 4.0, taken over and managed by supply chain management 4.0, based on innovative conversion and distribution processes, high-mechanized, robotic, digitized and of special performance. All military logistics actions in support of tactical and/or joint forces require leaders and logistics specialists with availability and skills to apply digital procedures, automation, etc., according to functional procedures at the levels of topmanagement, midle-management, low-management and execution in the conditions of continuous and cybernetically protected communications in order to achieve the flows of logistical goods and services, adequate to provide sufficient logistical support to consumers and users of the combatant military structures in order to fulfill their missions. Because the relevance of modernizing operational military logistics, also known as consumer logistics, is given by its systemic and subsystemic functional nature, I will further highlight some innovative elements, generating efficiency, related to some of its essential functional areas At the same time, the holistic dimension of the effective and efficient management of the logistic support structures will be presented by revealing some aspects of the improvement of the operational logistics planning.

The research focused on analysing the social impact of the fourth industrial revolution, considering CSR as a response to its challenges. The impact it has on society, company 4.0 and the application of CSR principles to respond to the challenges they impose was identified. The consultation process was followed in different electronic and physical media; Databases were used such as: SciELO, Redalyc; as well as search engines. The research was of a bibliographic documentary type, when applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 30 articles remained. The result indicated that CSR constitutes an ideal framework to guide senior management in the decision-making of companies during the fourth industrial revolution. Concluding, that it is possible to reduce the social impact of Industry 4.0, with the implementation of a management based on the principles of CSR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The image of the global aviation industry is dramatically changing. This derives in the first instance from dynamic development of the military and civil aircraft market, where a significant growth in demand and an increase in airliner deliveries over the next 15 years by at least 80% was forecasted. Aircraft manufacturers' revenues in services business, including maintenance, repair and overhaul (MRO) are boosting, too. All this provide favorable conditions for the development of new production technologies in the aviation sector, including Additive Manufacturing (AM) and Augmented Reality (AR). Though the research and development in the field of AM an AR began in the 1980s, only in the last decade AM and AR technologies have reached the necessary level of maturity to be widely used in design, manufacturing and assembly processes in aeronautics, including civil and military aircraft. There are good prospects for their use in aircraft’ maintenance, repair and overhaul as well. The transition from the initial period of formation of AM and AR technologies to the stage of technological growth and rapid development of relevant markets is evidenced by a number of factors. First of all, they include establishment of "dominant" technological designs based on AM and AR (certified additive production methods, new materials based on AM and machines for their production, special Augmented Reality headsets, etc.), as well as beginning of serial production of many AM-components and AR-platforms for the aviation industry. The participation of major aircraft manufacturers such as Boeing and Airbus in AM and AR R&D projects, the formation of "new" supply chains, the development of public-private partnerships (e.g. NAMII in the U.S.), as well as the formation of consortia and alliances of companies that develop and produce systems and parts for aircraft based on additive technologies and augmented reality, are also indicators of the transition to a new stage of development of these technologies and markets.

We are currently in the midst of a fourth wave of technological growth and the development of an industrial technology known as Industry 4.0. Industry 4.0 can be broken down into three major paradigms: smart product, smart machine and augmented operator. through which the factory operations are digital, which could imply and will put into operation the position of the producers on the market. Industry 4.0 is the future solution.

We are in a new stage of industrialization. Following the analysis of several definitions and interpretations, Smart Manufacturing, a term used in the USA for the next stage of industrialization, mainly refers to the use of information and technological communication to which is added the ability to analyze massive amounts of data in order to improve manufacturing processes and processes throughout the value chain. Following the concept of Industry 4.0, first mentioned by Germany in 2011, the Netherlands reacted with its own concept called Smart Industry, adapted to the strategy and vision from an industrial perspective and In turn, China has a Master Industrial Plan called "Made in China 2025" and is in fact the national strategic plan to transform the country into a superpower in terms of technology and manufacturing. This industrial policy aims to achieve economic supremacy and global recognition.

Background: Complexity of the digital transformation (Digital Transformation) paradigm and its relation to the fourth technological revolution face companies with serious challenges when it comes to keeping up with the competition or becoming a leader in operating industries.

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The article considers and analyzes the importance and main scientific approaches to determining the essence of digital transformation in the conditions of Industry 4.0 development. The opinions of domestic and foreign scientists on the definition of the essence of this concept are presented and it is determined that digitalization has an important role in the activities of modern enterprises. The definition of «digitalization» is proposed, that means the process of transition to digital business, which is the use of digital technologies to change business processes in the company and provide new opportunities for additional income and development prospects of business entities. It is determined that digitalization is a very popular and necessary process of transition to new business models in the activities of companies. The essence of the category «Industry 4.0» is considered and the main technologies and tools that contribute to the gradual transition to digitalization are presented. It is noted that Industry 4.0 is part and a leading trend of the Fourth Industrial Revolution. It is investigated that the transition to Industry 4.0 using digital tools is quite a trend, as these key technologies such as IoT, Big Data, cloud services, artificial intelligence today play a key role in the process of digitalization of companies. The main recommendations for adapting the business to digital transformations are given. The key directions of the development of digital technologies of Industry 4.0 are considered and presented. The industries that need digital transformation and those areas of business that are actively implementing digital products in their activities are identified. It was also found that the use of digitalization processes allows companies to optimize existing business models, gain new opportunities for business development, expand the scope of activities, and have tools to increase their efficiency and competitiveness [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research discusses Indonesia's readiness to implement industry 4.0. We classified the Indonesia manufacturing companies' readiness, which is listed in the Indonesia Stock Exchange, in industry 4.0 based on the 2018 annual reports. We considered 38 variables from those reports and reduced them using principal component analysis into 11 variables. Using clustering analysis on the reduced dataset, we found three clusters representing the readiness level in implementing industry 4.0. Finally, we used the decision tree for analysing the classification rules. As the finding of this study, Total book value of the machine is the variable that defined the readiness of a company in industry 4.0. The bigger those values are, the more ready a company to compete in industry 4.0. The other measures, i.e., Total cost of revenue by total revenue; Direct labor cost; Total revenue/Total employee and Transportation cost/Total revenue, will define the readiness of a manufacturing company to transform into industry 4.0. or not ready to transform into industry 4.0. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) are assumed to be one of the key contributors to the country’s economic growth and social welfare. Thus, their internationalisation appears to be inevitable considering how globalisation processes have changed the rules of competition in recent decades. Smart and digitalised technologies (Internet of Things and Services, etc.) decentralise communication and provide the opportunities for new firms to overcome the barriers of geographical location and access international markets through co-creation business models and changes of the value chains. The paper aims at analysing and disclosing how the fourth industrial revolution (Industry 4.0) influences SME internationalisation. The present study is grounded on the research of extant scientific literature and assessment of experts. The research demonstrates that Industry 4.0 positively influences the internationalisation of SMEs on a number of dimensions. The recommendations for managers and policymakers how to foster internationalisation of SMEs are suggested.

The aims of the paper are to present the relationship between the concepts of organizational performance and digitalization in Industry 4.0, and to illustrate the case of a globally operating German car and motorcycle manufacturer, the Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft. In recent years, organizations have increasingly launched, developed and delivered products and services, and interacted with their stakeholders in a digital manner. Social media, mobile and cloud computing, big data and the Internet of Things are among the new drivers of the actual business world and together with other digitally based technologies have a huge impact on today’s organizational performance. Digitalization represents a key feature of the fourth industrial revolution or the so-called “Industry 4.0”, a new phase in the development of industry all over the world. In Industry 4.0, products, logistics and services are technically and organizationally merged with one another by using cyber-physical systems in such a way that an increased and self-controlling production flow is created. In order to reach the aims of the paper the authors used a quantitative research method and a case study. The findings of the research showed that digitalization improves the performance of today’s organizations and, in the case of the German company, leads to providing safer products for customers and achieving better results. The paper contributes to the development of the scientific literature by emphasizing the key role played by digitalization in obtaining a higher corporate performance.

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Industry 4.0 is opening up new avenues for customers and manufactures. This is achieved by offering a larger pool of information to improve the manufacturing process and the manufactured products. However, with new technologies and equipment becoming available, the facilitation of information between customer to developer and products to manufacturing lines becomes a more challenging task. The need for suitable communication is gathered by an appropriate communication protocol. Discussed in this paper is the impact of the communication protocols within Industry 4.0, a creation and test of a newly developed communication protocol, a comparison of the said protocol against existing manufacturing protocols and elucidation of future work for communication protocols. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) refers to a novel manufacturing paradigm. In its core, it enables real-time, smart, horizontal, and vertical connection of machines, objects, and people resulting in a smart factory. To date, the IIoT has primarily been researched from a technical perspective, while economic research is still in its infancy. In order to promote scientific discussion from a management perspective, this paper aims at systematically analyzing and displaying the current state of economic IIoT research. Thus, research gaps can be identified and targeted future management research can be supported. A systematic literature review is chosen as research method since it is appropriate for the identification, evaluation, synthesis and discussion of existing academic works. A structured selection process with regard to high quality and subject relevance revealed 52 publications published between 2011 and 2016 to be further analyzed in detail. This examination identified four topics discussed in current management literature. Most of the identified articles address IIoT Ecosystem aspects. This includes IIoT-related strategic implications in terms of business partners and other stakeholders, e.g., non-governmental organizations. The topic IIoT Business Models deals with IIoT-triggered effects on established business models to ensure future viability as well as with novel, innovative business concepts. Literature focusing on IIoT Technology Adoption addresses strategic recommendations in terms of both manufacturing transition and adoption requirements. Lastly, IIoT Qualification articles dwell on implications of increasingly digitized work environments for appropriate job designs and qualification requirements. By providing a comprehensive and clearly displayed current state of research as well as showing respective research gaps, the findings are highly relevant for future economic IIoT research. Moreover, this article supports managerial practitioners in understanding the IIoT and its inevitable effects on industrial companies by presenting insights into strategic management in the era of digitized and connected industrial value creation and capture.

We are currently in the midst of a fourth wave of technological growth and the development of an industrial technology known as Industry 4.0. Industry 4.0 can be broken down into three major paradigms: smart product, smart machine and augmented operator. through which the factory operations are digital, which could imply and will put into operation the position of the producers on the market. Industry 4.0 is the future solution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A cyber-physical system integrates capacities such as computing, storing and communication along with others in the physical world such as objects tracking and/or objects controlling. According to the IIoT concepts it is possible to infer that CPPS systems are normally connected to each other, and also connected to the virtual world of global digital networks. It is here where, introducing the IEC-61499 standard, will allow the CPPS to implement distributed, flexible and reconfigurable controllers. In the industrial context, the ISA-88 regulation offers a coherent set of standards and terminology for batch control and defines models: physical model, controlling model etc., for this kind of industries. That is why it is necessary to provide the industry with low-cost alternatives which could redirect the CPPS development to a new variety of devices. This paper proposes the development of the FBs networks needed in the integration of distributed control systems with the use of two embedded hardware like: BeagleBone Black and Raspberry PI; having the models presented in the ISA-88 standard as the base for developing the control algorithms encapsulated inside the FBs of control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The purpose of this paper is to analyze possible actions to overcome the challenges in the process of development Advanced Manufacturing in Brazil, based on a comparative analysis of projects developed in these subjects in other countries and a survey of research intensity on the theme. The first step is the survey of Brazil's Challenges in Advanced Manufacturing based on the results of a series of workshops conducted by the Brazilian government with experts, followed by validation and consolidation of results by confronting with a National Confederation of Industries' survey on Industry 4.0. The second brings a survey of the intensity and relevance of the research on the main aspects of the theme. The last step presents a correlation of the main challenges raised in the first step with global initiatives that work on these subjects, as well as a detailed analysis of the main challenges. The results highlight a direction for the sector from the analysis of research intensity on the themes and a matrix with 40 initiatives correlated to this challenge. From that, it is possible to conclude that the challenges can be overcome by integrating government, companies and universities into initiatives focused on the technologies needed to serve the priority sectors.

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