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1. Material Power v. Soft Power What are the problems with polarity? And what are the potential alternatives? One clear weakness of polarity is also one of its strengths, namely, [...]

ABSTRACT History remembers India as a vocal and consistent supporter of the anti-apartheid movement. The existing literature on relations between India and apartheid South Africa describes an antagonistic relationship defined [...]

Thoughts from the New Coeditors: Where and Why Are We Going? The transfer of editorial stewardship for a journal provides the occasion to rethink the journal's purposes and its place [...]

Realpolitik is a term derived from German. It refers to a politics based on practical and material factors rather than on theoretical or ethical objectives (Merriam-Webster dictionary). Historically, many political [...]

This article examines the importance of exchange programs as channels of political influence and the value that can be gained from examining their impact via various theoretical positions in international relations (IR). Although there are clear possibilities for linking the study of public diplomacy with IR theory, so far this has not occurred to any real extent. Following World War II, a whole swathe of social scientific and behavioralist research, mainly in the fields of communications and psychology, laid the basis for understanding the political implications of public diplomacy and exchanges. Using these studies as a springboard, the article moves on first to consider their continuing relevance and then to insert exchanges within reflections on IR fields such as regime theory, Gramscian-based critical theory, constructivism, epistemic communities, and transnational networks. The article concludes with some observations on the relevance of exchanges as forms of cultural-political interchange and the use of case studies for confirming their importance as an object of study for IR. Keywords: public diplomacy; international relations theory; transnational networks; opinion leader

Eager to capitalize on the sensationalist appeal of a new anti-U.S. 'axis,' the international press often perpetuates a perception that Cuba and Venezuela are, in spirit and in deed, inseparable. Such depictions diminish the significant differences in the ways and the success with which each country promotes its image abroad. Although Cuba and Venezuela employ many of the same public diplomacy tactics to advance their related anti-U.S. worldviews, the Cuban regime has proven much more successful at playing the role of the victim and using this position as a way to increase its international legitimacy. Likewise, Cuba is far more sophisticated at employing cultural products to support diverse political, diplomatic, and economic ends--many of which arguably serve a market-oriented purpose rather than a strictly anti-imperialist or antiglobalization agenda. Keywords: Cuba; Venezuela; public diplomacy; medical diplomacy; foreign aid; solidarity; anti-Americanism

The article illustrates what could be found when one looks beyond the West while engaging in world politics. The example of India's search for nuclear status, Turkey's turn to secularism and Asia's integration into the liberal world suggest that imitation or mimicry of the West which seems similar and yet is different may be a way of engaging in international politics.

Many of the key issues of our turbulent age are presented in this issue of IJWP. It contains hints of the outline of how a post-Westphalian, post-bipolar world is shaping [...]

The optimistic view of the African condition suggests that consensual democracy based on compromise could go a long way in resolving the country's problems.

The pleasure of being in Rome is greatly enhanced by the honor of addressing this most renowned forum, where so many distinguished persons have presented papers in the past thirty [...]

The article explains how Winston Churchill and Charles de Gaulle exploited their countries' rivalry to conceal differences on many issues. They reviewed the strategy adopted by Syria and Lebanon to gain their national sovereignty.

Keywords: political sociology, new institutionalism, international relations Abstract Social scientists have sketched four distinct theories to explain a phenomenon that appears to have ramped up in recent years, the diffusion of policies across countries. Constructivists trace policy norms to expert epistemic communities and international organizations, who define economic progress and human rights. Coercion theorists point to powerful nation-states, and international financial institutions, that threaten sanctions or promise aid in return for fiscal conservatism, free trade, etc. Competition theorists argue that countries compete to attract investment and to sell exports by lowering the cost of doing business, reducing constraints on investment, or reducing tariff barriers in the hope of reciprocity. Learning theorists suggest that countries learn from their own experiences and, as well, from the policy experiments of their peers. We review the large body of research from sociologists and political scientists, as well as the growing body of work from economists and psychologists, pointing to the diverse mechanisms that are theorized and to promising avenues for distinguishing among causal mechanisms.

More than three years after the opening of the ceasefire line that divides Cyprus, the island is closer than ever to rupture. When the Green Line first opened in April [...]

If linguistic translation can be figured in metaphorical terms as going abroad and returning with foreign knowledge, perspectives, and wealth, the literal counterpart to this movement is the overseas journey. [...]

The craving for an interpretation of history is so deep-rooted that, unless we have a constructive outlook over the past, we are drawn either to mysticism or to cynicism. --Frederick [...]

Throughout his lengthy reign, Sultan Abdulhamid II (1876-1909) was preoccupied by his Empire's vulnerability to the European Great Powers. It was not simply that he feared military attack, and knew [...]

Dr H.V. Evatt, Australian Deputy Prime Minister, Attorney-General and Minister for External Affairs in the Chifley Labor government, presided over Australian foreign policy at a critical juncture in the history [...]

"In the aftermath of September 11, the United States has no alternative other than to begin to shift its role in the Arab world from an enabler of authoritarian rule to a supporter of gradual, but genuine, democratic change."

THE NEW RUSSIAN STATE CREATED after the dissolution of the Soviet Union in December 1991 is neither a simple continuation of its legal Soviet predecessor nor of the former Russian [...]

I recall how [Hitler] would have films shown in the Reich Chancellory about London burning, about the sea of fire over Warsaw, about exploding convoys, and [I remember] the kind [...]

The Democratic Peace Proposition, which states that no two democracies have ever gone to war with each other, has been questioned by scholars who claim that such pacific behavior among free states does not apply to lower forms of conflict. In particular, Kegley and Hermann contend that democracies intervene in the affairs of other liberal states via overt military acts or covert machinations. In many cases, they argue that dyadic democratic interventions (DDIs) occur more frequently than would be expected given the number of jointly democratic dyads in the international system. I examine their research design and suggest changes to their concepts of states, interventions, and regime type, as well as their sample size and definition of dyads in the international system. I implement these changes and retest such arguments on a sample of interventions from 1945 to 1991. I find 11 cases where a democracy intervenes against another democracy, but these cases are rare in comparison to interventions conducted by democratic and/or autocratic states in undemocratic states, or by autocratic states against democratic states. Furthermore, these DDIs are less likely to occur than the presence of democracy in the international system would suggest.

The following are summaries of papers presented by members of the Middle East Working Group on a program of panels at the annual meeting of the American Political Science Association [...]

It has been four years since the Iranian president, Mohammed Khatami, proposed a 'dialogue between civilizations,' but it seems much longer. Indeed, in the year since September 11, the global [...]

In February 1963, British Prime Minister Harold Macmillan wrote to US President John F. Kennedy concerning Yemen. The small, impoverished nation at the south-western tip of the Arabian Peninsula was [...]

In a speech delivered to the Fourth Plenary Session of the Round Table Conference in London on 19 November 1930, as a member of the Indian delegation, Maulana Mohamed Ali [...]

Introduction SANCTIONS ARE CHARACTERIZED BY THE INTERRUPTION OF COMMUNICATIONS, diplomacy, and/or economic relations (Losman, 1979). Economic sanctions have become an increasingly common tool of diplomacy since the end of the [...]

THE EXPECTATIONS WERE MIXED when Sweden and Finland joined the Eu in 1995. On one hand, it was expected that the two small Nordic states would bring policies that arc [...]

Bob Graham is a United States senator and chairman of the US Senate Select Committee on Intelligence, a body that provides legislative oversight for the intelligence agencies of the US [...]