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Sustainability has shifted from strategically important to business critical for several manufacturing industries. This paper introduces an implementation framework to increase the capabilities in companies to design, develop and offer sustainable product- and production solutions in line with new regulatory strategies and plans. Based on a questionnaire survey, conducted in ten different product development companies representing different industrial sectors, the status and needs of sustainable product development were captured. Further on, a better understanding of the capabilities for a forthcoming digital sustainable product development support, were identified in an action research-based approach with three industrial companies. This paper presents the rational of a digital sustainable product development support, in relation to global sustainability goals and societal dimensions of sustainability transitions. The main results from the questionnaire presents the challenges and needs of capabilities for product developers and design engineers to develop more sustainable solutions in a resource efficient way. The action-based research with the three industrial manufacturing partners resulted in a set of common key activities and detailed requirements for a digital sustainable product development support. Finally, the paper describes a first prototype of a digital platform, i.e. Digital Sustainability Implementation Package-DSIP, and discusses future work. © Proceedings of NordDesign 2022: How Product and Manufacturing Design Enable Sustainable Companies and Societies. open access

The primary objective of this thesis is to evaluate the prospect of machine learning methods being used to classify flying qualities based on simulator data (with the focus being on pitch maneuvers). If critical flying qualities could be identified earlier in the verification process, they can be further invested in and focused on with less cost for design changes of the flight control system. Information from manned simulations with given flying quality levels are used to create a replication of the performed pitch maneuver in a desktop simulator. The generated flight data is represented by different measures in the classification to separately train and test the machine learning models against the given flying quality level. The models used are Logistic Regression, Support Vector Machines with radial basis functions (RBF), linear and polynomial kernels along with Artificial Neural Networks. The results show that the classifiers correctly identify at least 80% of cases with critical flying qualities. The classification shows that the statistical measures of the time signals and first order time derivatives of pitch, roll and yaw rates are enough for classification within the scope of this thesis. The different machine learning models show no significant difference in performance in the scope of this thesis. In conclusion, machine learning methods show good potential for classification of flying qualities, and could become an important tool for evaluating flying qualities of large amounts of simulations, in addition to manned simulations. Huvuduppgiften med detta examensarbete är att utvärdera huruvida maskininlärning kan användas för att klassificera flygkvaliteter från simulatordata (där fokus ligger på att utvärdera tippmanövrar). Om kritiska flygkvaliteter kan identifieras tidigare i verifikationsprocessen, kan resurser fokuseras för att åtgärda problemet tidigt med mindre kostnader för ändringar av styrsystemet. Information från bemannade simuleringar där flygkvalitetsnivåer har angetts av pilot används för att återskapa tippmanövern i skrivbordssimulatorn. Den genererade flygdatan representeras av olika mått i klassificeringen för att separat träna och testa maskininlärningsmodellerna mot den givna flygkvalitetsnivån. De modeller som används i rapporten är logistisk regression, stödvektormaskiner med radiella basfunktioner (RBF), linjär och polynomisk kärna samt artificiella neurala nätverk. Resultaten visar att klassificerarna korrekt identifierar över 80% av fallen med kritiska flygkvaliteter. Klassificeringen visar att statistiska mått av tidssignalen och första ordningens tidsderivator i tipp, roll och gir är tillräckligt för klassificering inom gränserna av detta examensarbete. De olika maskininlärningsmodellerna visar inga signifikanta skillnader i prestanda med datan som används. Sammanfattningsvis kan maskininlärningsmodellerna anses ha god potential för klassificering av flygkvaliteter, och kan vara ett viktigt verktyg för att klassificera flygkvaliteter för stora mängder flygdata, som komplement till bemannade simuleringar.

Målet med detta kandidatexamensarbete inom flygteknik är att konceptuellt konstruera ett elektriskt flygplan för år 2030. Uppdragsprofilen är att flyga i storstadsområden och dra nytta av eVTOL vilket innebär att det startar och landar vertikalt likt en helikopter men övergår till snabb och effektiv marschflygning likt ett vanligt flygplan, allt helt elektriskt. Denna kombination innebär ett mycket mångsidigt flygplan som kan verka i miljöer utan tillgång till start- och landningsbanor, och samtidigt vara mer effektivt än helikoptrar. Exempelvis skulle flygplanet kunna flyga mellan storstad och flygplats, eller mellan städer för snabb, grön och friare transport. Kapaciteten är 1 pilot och 3 passagerare med bagage. Räckvidden på en laddning är 315 km, med en marschhastighet på 100 m/s på höjden 500 m. Startvikten är 2 ton varav 350 kg är batterivikt. Vingspannet är 10 m och längden på kroppen är 9,2 m. De 6 elektriska motorerna erbjuder ett förhållande för framdrivningskraft/vikt på 1,39. De två främre propellerparen är kontraroterande för att erbjuda extra hög toppdragkraft vid de vertikala starterna och landningarna. Flygplanet har framåtsvepta huvudvingar och en V-stjärtfena med en propellerassemblering per vingspets. The objective of this project in aeronautical engineering is to conceptually design an electric aircraft for service in the year 2030. The mission profile of this aircraft is to fly in urban environments with electric vertical take-off and landing (eVTOL) by utilizing tiltrotors. Flying trips within or between cities, the eVTOL aircraft combines the take-off advantages of helicopters with the cruise speed and efficiency of airplanes, making for a versatile aircraft suitable for the urban environment. With a capacity of one pilot and three passengers with luggage the range is 315 km with a cruise speed of 100 m/s at an altitude of 500 m. With a wingspan of 10 m and a fuselage length of 9.2 m the aircraft has a take-off weight of 2 metric tonnes out of which 350 kg are battery packs. The eVTOL has two contra-rotating propellers on the tips of the forward swept wing and two single propellers on a V-tail to a total of six 194 kW electric motors in four tilting assemblies providing an operational peak thrust-to-weight ratio of 1.39.

Nowadays, when designing structural aero-engine components, the engineering team does not only deal with aerodynamics and structural mechanics criteria. Rather, it needs to make more informed decisions based on the value and sustainability contribution of a design concept. This paper proposes a novel approach that combines qualitative sustainability assessment techniques, which are Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) and Strategic Sustainability Assessment (SSA), with Net Present Value (NPV) analysis to facilitate early stage decision-making in design. A case study, related to the development of a new high-temperature aero-engine component, illustrates how EIA and SSA identify sustainability hotspots for a new product technology, and how NPV is used to assess alternative solution strategies within the hotspot. Within the studied case, the milling process was identified as a sustainability hotspot, therefore two process options - Electro-Chemical Milling (ECM) and Mechanical Milling (MM) - where benchmarked by calculating their NPV in alternative future scenarios, featuring different market and regulatory assumptions. The approach and its constituting models have been preliminarily verified with designers and process owners in co-located industrial workshops.

Godkänd; 2012; 20120319 (berber)

Emerging from an industrial case study in the aerospace industry, the paper proposes an approach to evaluate sub- system technology concepts from a life cycle perspective. The approach is composed by 5 main phases that aims to drive product designers towards more value-oriented design decisions. It is shown how different life cycle alternatives, such as the selling of a Product-Service-System instead of a traditional product, deeply impact the value of design alternatives. The described approach has been developed in collaboration with industrial partners and represents a potential instrument to enhance value-driven product design. 10.1007/978-3-642-19692-8_116

University research is demanded to be more need-driven and user- centred in order to address and solve problems and needs of the market. In the present study a group of athletes and coaches has been analysed on their lead user characteristics. Some of the lead users have contributed with advanced user insights and aid in trend foresight in this sport. In a combined qualitative and quantitative approach the value of lead users in sports technology was examined and five users were identified as lead users. In consistence with previous research the results indicate that involving lead users will foster superior insight and research.

Across industrial settings and environmental conditions, innovation is viewed as a source of advancing firms’ competitive position. Recently, a shift has been witnessed from the traditional innovation model, which mainly focused on internal research and development (R&D) towards open innovation. In this study, we have attempted to study if this approach is suitable for the regular, more mature industry by focusing the context of aerospace industry. The study involves a single case company that is a developer and manufacturer of components for both civil and military aero engines as well as for rocket engines. In addition to previous findings we would like to propose three key areas, which need special attention by any company aiming to successfully realize open innovation. These areas are people, process and technology, put into a framework. The PPT framework was found to be particularly helpful regarding the organizational changes needed for open innovation.

Emerging from an industrial case study in the aerospace industry, the paper proposes an approach to evaluate subsystem technology concepts from a life cycle perspective. The approach is composed by 5 main phases that aims to drive product designers towards more value-oriented design decisions. It is shown how different life cycle alternatives, such as the selling of a Product-Service- System instead of a traditional product, deeply impact the value of design alternatives. The described approach has been developed in collaboration with industrial partners and represents a potential instrument to enhance value-driven product design. Godkänd; 2011; 20110926 (ysko) CRESCENDO - Collaborative and Robust Engineering using Simulation Capability Enabling Next Design Optimisation

A manufacturing company’s unique intellectual capital is to a largeextent built on experience from its own product development andmanufacturing processes. Thus, methods and tools to utilize and benefit fromthis experience in an efficient way have an impact on a company’s ability tostay competitive and advance on the global market. Knowledge BasedEngineering (KBE) is an engineering methodology to capture engineeringknowledge systematically into the design system. Hence, KBE tools areconsidered to support experience re-use and improve engineering activities.This paper presents the results from a study where the objective was toinvestigate the support for experience re-use in KBE applications in anaerospace company. A proposed framework is presented to analyze thecapturing and use of experience in a company’s processes identifying gaps andpropose improvements. The study revealed weaknesses in the process steps forexperience feedback which can be used to improve KBE applications further. Godkänd; 2011; 20110816 (ysko) CRESCENDO - Collaborative and Robust Engineering using Simulation Capability Enabling Next Design Optimisation, Robust Machining

Product development in the aerospace industry is associated with relatively long lead times and product lifecycles, which means that it takes years and even decades to find out if a novel product or technology concept fully realizes its potential and becomes an innovation on the market. How can a company in such an industry context know, preferably already in the conceptual stages, that they are on the path to innovation? How do they know how innovative they are? How can they increase their innovation capability? A project together with Volvo Aero, an aero engine manufacturer, was initiated to explore potential answers to these questions. The paper reports on an ongoing study of the company’s current state-of-practice with regard to measuring innovation capability, starting from a range of innovation indicators provided within a previous research project, which Volvo Aero contributed to. Based on interviews with project managers of advanced engineering projects within the company, six areas were found to be of importance in order to more effectively measure the innovation capability at Volvo Aero: Project selection, Customer involvement, Interaction between functions, Team climate, Innovation methodology and Innovation rewards.Within these areas a selection of preliminary metrics was established, which will be presented in this article along with a discussion on the advantages and drawbacks of combining activity and effect measures to better relate particular activities to particular outcomes. Godkänd; 2010; 20091105 (tobias) ProViking THINK - Team för Heterogen Innovationskunskap, PIEp - Product Innovation Engineering Programme

Product/Service-Systems (PSS) strategies are a part of an overall movement towards a service-based society that is increasingly knowledge and information based. Knowledge sharing for cross-company innovation and development projects has been recognized as troublesome, since disparate knowledge domains must be brought together in a cohesive way to support both creativity and innovations. Stage-Gate process models are widely used in collaborative development projects but they do not suggest how to assess the degree of understanding of the produced information and the results in projects. A successful assessment of knowledge should be used for designing the next development steps in form of work methods and tools. This paper describes an approach for supporting Knowledge Management and Knowledge Sharing in the development of PSS. Finally, a concept for supporting knowledge assessment is proposed, based on designing and visualizing knowledge paths. Faste Laboratory ProViking THINK - Teams for Heterogeneous Innovation Knowledge CRESCENDO - Collaborative and Robust Engineering using Simulation Capability Enabling Next Design Optimisation

Light weight design has been identified as one of Volvo Aero key contribution in the effort to meet the global challenges of reduced CO2 emissions from aviation. This has resulted in a number of design solutions where fabrication of large structural components is the preferable way and has indicated weight savings by up to 20% in comparison to corresponding products in today's existing engines. Introducing these new design solutions requires an existing industrial structure to come up with new and innovative solutions that will support the introduction of the new products. In this paper virtual manufacturing technologies supporting design as well as manufacturing engineers in decision making and preparation of new design solutions will be described. Upprättat; 2009; 20100112 (olaisa)

Novel jet engine concepts and architectures are being explored to reduce mass, fuel consumption, development cost and environmental impact while increasing performance. Although the engine systems development process of the next generation aero engines takes place at the original equipment manufacturer level, component manufacturers need to optimize their components using an integrated engine system design approach. Therefore, they need the capability to model and simulate whole engine behavior. While modeling and simulation are traditional strengths of the aerospace industry, model integration of the whole engine system and its components, as well as between separate disciplines, is still a relatively weak link. This paper presents a master-model approach that facilitates integrated analysis used in design optimization. The master-model approach promotes the existence of a single governing version of the product definition, including associated versions of loads, materials, interfaces, constraints etc. A simple yet illustrative industry application is presented where dynamics and displacement analysis are performed using the master model and a parameter study is performed to find an optimal design. The presented scenario investigates the impact of changing the bearing position of the turbine rear frame of a turbo-fan engine considering the load case of a “fan blade off” event.

Most companies do not have a coherent and systematic approach for incorporating sustainability criteria into their decision support systems. Given this, what would such a strategic decision support system (SDSS) look like that that is coherent throughout a development process and systematically incorporates (1) a full sustainability perspective, including (2) a broader approach to meeting needs by product-service systems, and (3) interfaces toward both specific groups of decision makers and specialized in-depth tools? We anticipate such an SDSS being structured by a framework for strategic sustainable development that provides a principle-based definition of sustainability and a systematic method to identify problems and solutions by backcasting from that definition. This should aid identification of potential benefits and challenges of shifting from a product-only focus to a focus on product-service systems. Additionally, the new sustainability and product-service system decision support should be flexible enough to be incorporated into existing decision-making processes. It will likely be formed around a built-in product development process at the companies. Godkänd; 2008; 20080331 (tobias) Fastelaboratoriet – VINNEXC, ProViking THINK - Team för Heterogen Innovationskunskap, Simulering av funktionella produkter på en hållbarhetsdriven marknad

In aeronautics industry today, companies collaborate closely in virtual enterprises to develop products and solutions that are more integrated and more complex, and that aims to target larger responsibilities regarding the product life-cycle. On top of this, lead-time and development costs needs to be reduced.The 7 Day Proposal (7DP) is the conceptual name of a framework wherein a customized proposal is produced by a virtual enterprise consortium within seven days from a received request for proposal. This is substantially shorter than what is current practice today and implies that new methods, tools and ways of working are needed. Today, in offer processes, time is lost because of insufficient, or immature, available information and knowledge at gate reviews when decisions are due, causing time consuming iterations. The Gated Maturity Assessment (GMA) concept is intended to help reduce these costly iterations by targeting the ambiguity at these gate reviews in order to reduce the uncertainty in decision base. Other frameworks using maturity include Technology Readiness Levels (TRL) and the Capability Maturity Model (CMM). TRL is an artefact-focused framework developed by NASA to assess space technology maturity. CMM is a process-focused framework for assessing organisations' software development process capability (maturity). The GMA is a concept for assessing the maturity of the knowledge that goes into a gate review (i.e. a decision document). The GMA is intended to support decision makers by assuring confidence in these decision points and thereby reducing the number of iterations, hereby reducing lead-time and increases the quality of the process.This paper reports on the development of the GMA concept from the 7DP use case, and also the development of a support tool intended for use in the 7DP process. Essentially, the 7DP process is a stage-gate process like many corporate product development processes with a number of decision gates. Therefore there is a future wish to move towards an engineering design context with this concept. The work is part of the 70 million € European project VIVACE where GMA is part of a Knowledge Enabled Engineering solution to the 7DP use case. Godkänd; 2008; Bibliografisk uppgift: CD-ROM; 20110527 (andbra) VIVACE - Value Improvement Through a Virtual Aeronautical Collaborative Enterprise, Fastelaboratoriet – VINNEXC

The main aim of this paper is to present a methodology developed within the European Project VIVACE to guide the design and implementation of a Knowledge Enabled Engineering (KEE) system in a Virtual Enterprise. The proposed methodology tries to overcome some of the limitations which characterise traditional methods for Target Cascading, promoting a more collaborative and iterative approach to derive system specifications (in terms of advanced knowledge functionalities) from initial high-level targets. Social and behavioural aspects of Knowledge Management play a crucial role when many different users, knowledge experts, and process owners are involved in the Knowledge Management System (KMS) development. A well designed methodology is needed, therefore, to enhance communication and information sharing among design teams, to promote requirements merging and to take care both of the technological and behavioural aspects of the implementation. Initial business targets have been step-by-step decomposed into a set of sub-problems (Service Requirements, Knowledge Issues, and Knowledge Challenges) in the form of simple sentences in natural language. Then Quality Function Deployment (QFD) matrixes have been used to identify the set of functionalities to be implemented in the system, addressing the most important knowledge-related problems outlined in the cascading activity. Faste Laboratory

Godkänd; 2006; Bibliografisk uppgift: CD-rom; 20071202 (tobias)

Volvo Aero is responsible for design, development and manufacturing of the rear turbine structures in ANTLE and CLEAN as well as for the CLEAN LP turbine case and CLEAN engine assembly. This paper gives an outline to all Volvo Aero activities in ANTLE and CLEAN. Subsequent papers will go more into the details of welding 1,2 and heat treatment 2 as developed by Volvo Aero in EEFAE. The EEFAE engines are now tested and all Volvo Aero components performed well. Godkänd; 2005; Bibliografisk uppgift: 1 CD-ROM; 20071202 (tobias)

This paper discusses Information Driven Collaborative Engineering (IDCE) as an enabler of Functional Product Innovation (FPI). It discusses challenges that arise in functional product development and how distributed collaborative work will be affected. Finally the paper proposes bringing the domains of Distributed Collaborative Engineering (DCE) and Knowledge Enabled Engineering (KEE) together to form IDCE, in order to meet these challenges.