Search

Patterns of the relationship between the development of learning ability as one of the general abilities and metacognitive traits of personality are considered in the article. The necessity of appeal to this issue arises from the peculiarities of the current state of research in the theory of abilities and modern metacognitivism. Despite the ever-increasing number of studies in the field of general abilities and learning ability in particular and in the field of metacognitive processes of the personality, the possible interconnection of this class of processes and the level of learning ability and, therefore, the interpretation of this interconnection are rarely considered. To date these crucial areas are not in sufficient contact with each other. The purpose of this study is to identify and interpret the possible relationship of the level of learning ability with metacognitive processes and qualities of the individual and their organization. The research procedure was based on a comparison of the individual measures of the development of learning ability as a general ability with the diagnostics of the main parameters of the metacognitive sphere of personality, including features of its organization and implementation in relation to the methodology of structural-psychological analysis. This procedure is based on the determination of matrices of intercorrelation and the subsequent interpretation of correlograms of the metacognitive parameters of a person. The main result is that there exists a mutual dependence of characteristics of the level of learning ability and basic parameters of the metacognitive sphere of personality (metacognitive processes and traits). This dependence lies in the fact that an increase in the level of development of learning ability increases the intensity of separate metacognitive personal qualities and the general level of their structural organization. An interpretation of the data is presented. According to it, learning ability, as a significant factor in the level of development of metacognitive processes and personality traits, acquires an additional and quite powerful resource to enhance at the same time its own level because of the organization of these processes and traits.

Nomenclatural standards of five potato cultivars ‘Vulkan’ (WIR-108746), ‘Gejzer’ (WIR-108747), ‘Kamčatka’ (WIR-108748), ‘Severânin’ (WIR-108749), and ‘Solnyško’ (WIR-108750) bred by the Kamchatka Research Institute of Agriculture (currently a branch of VIR), and six potato cultivars ‘Dačnyj’ (WIR-108751), ‘Kazačok’ (WIR-108752), ‘Morâk’ (WIR-108753), ‘Orion’ (WIR-108755), ‘Posejdon’ (WIR-108756), and ‘Smak’ (WIR-108754) bred by the Federal Scientific Center of Agricultural Biotechnology of the Far East named after A.K. Chaika, were prepared within the framework of the comprehensive program initiated at the All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR) for registering the gene pool of Russian cultivars and preserving them in the institute’s gene bank. Plant material of the cultivars collected by the authors and transferred to VIR for herbarization was also used for DNA extraction, genetic certification, selection of explants and introducing them into the in vitro culture. Genetic passports of 11 cultivars have been developed using eight microsatellite markers and 15 markers associated with R-genes of resistance to various pests. A comparison of microsatellite profiles of nomenclatural standards and accessions of the same name from the VIR in vitro collection confirmed their identity.

The genus Tulipa L., belonging to the Liliaceae family, has significant economic, horticultural, and ecological importance and is culturally revered in various regions worldwide. The total number of Tulipa species, including 90–120 taxa, varies based on different sources. Globally, Kazakhstan has one of the highest diversities of Tulipa species, most of which are threatened. In this study, we update and revise the Tulipa species in Kazakhstan based on field observations and an extensive herbarium specimens’ survey. A total of 41 taxa were identified, including 13 species endemic to Kazakhstan, among which seven species have been assessed as threatened globally. Furthermore, we gathered 1,942 occurrence records of 41 Tulipa taxa to analyze spatial arrangement of Tulipa species richness in Kazakhstan. Based on these results, we identified 22 grid cells with a high diversity of tulip species in southern Kazakhstan. We also present taxonomic key for all Tulipa species occurring in Kazakhstan, along with comments on their general distribution, habitat, phenology, distribution map, and conservation status. In addition, a color plate for each species is provided. Overall, our study provides valuable insights into the conservation status, distribution patterns, and biodiversity of Tulipa species in Kazakhstan, laying a foundation for targeted conservation efforts and further research in the region.

An analytical review of Ukrainian and foreign literature on the study of manipulative technologies (strategies and tools) in social media was carried out. Observations are summarized and systematized by research objects and problems. The variety of communicative strategies observable in today’s social media underscores the relevance of the chosen problem, particularly the distinction between "manipulative strategies"and "anti-manipulation strategies". This paper partially examines concepts such as "manipulative technologies", "manipulative strategies", "manipulation subject", "manipulation object", and "manipulation tools". It was found that the concepts of "anti-manipulation" and "anti-manipulation strategy" in the communicative aspect have not yet been developed in scientific works. Using an information search method, the study selected relevant scientific literature focused onmanipulative strategies (1) and anti-manipulation strategies (2), in particular in social media. Through problem analysis, the main types of these strategies were identified. The descriptive method allowed for a detailed exploration of their characteristics. Given the military-political context, the paper analyzes key varieties of strategies: (1) disinformation strategies, propaganda strategies that create alternative realities, information operation strategies utilizing bots, doxing strategies, strategies for factual manipulation, ideological polarization strategies, and strategies that evade the truth and distort information, strategy "neglect, distort, distract, discourage"; (2) strategies for countering disinformation (strategy of technological solutions, development of media literacy, state and international initiatives), strategy of information security. In conclusion, it is noted that manipulative technologies encompass a wide range of strategies, while the strategies of countering manipulations still require further theoretical development typological classification.

The main aspects of studying the problem of media socialization as a new direction in the theory of socialization are revealed. The works of Ukrainian and foreign researchers are analyzed. The use of the concepts of "media socialisation", "infosocialisation", "cybersocialisation", and "internet socialisation" in scientific discourse raises the issue of their differentiation, which is related to the ability of scholars to formulate definitions of these concepts clearly. Particular attention is drawn to the definitions attested in scientific works collected by the method of information and contextual searches. The paper uses the definitional analysis of dictionary entries (available only in Wikipedia) and contextual uses of the concepts under study (in the scientific literature) to analyse their main features and specifics of functioning, to identify logical errors in the definitions, to outline the main vectors of systemic relations and to focus on the generic-species interaction with other concepts. The systematisation of the collected material and lexical and semantic analysis helped to identify the conceptual ambiguity of the term media socialisation, its contextual synonyms and lexical and semantic relations of hyper- and hyponymy. The method of unification of the inventoried definitions of the concept of 'media socialisation' made it possible to propose the author's own definitions within the scope of the concepts of "socialisation technology" and "media technology". As a result, it is noted that in the Ukrainian scientific discourse, the concepts of "media socialisation", "infosocialisation", "cybersocialisation", and "Internet socialisation", depending on the contextual conditionality of the choice, form four vectors of systemic relations – identity, intersection, sequential subordination and contradiction; the content of the concept of 'media socialisation' at the level of contextual uses represents five vectors of genus-species interaction with other concepts, as well as conceptually heterogeneous definitions, in the structure of which there are various generic concepts – "component", "aspect", "direction", "factor", "socialization/type of socialization", "phenomenon", "relationship", which requires a unified fixation on levels of lexicographic fixation.

Background. The global epidemic of strong synthetic opioids and “new” psychoactive substances has increased the number of overdoses that cause prolonged coma with subsequent persistent vegetative state or apallic syndrome. The purpose was to investigate the clinical manifestations, functional and pathohistological changes of the brain in apallic syndrome due to severe drug poisoning (overdose). Materials and methods. A retrospective analysis of the medical data of six people aged 21–38 years with drug poisoning involving illegal methadone, psychostimulants, barbiturates and alcohol was carried out. Results. Among the patients of the toxicology department of the Kyiv City Clinical Emergency Hospital in 2008–2020, an increase in the number of cases of apallic syndrome was noted from 0.025 to 0.14 ‰, which correlates with mass poisonings with illegal methadone. A key role in the diagnosis of apallic syndrome of toxic origin belongs to the neurological and behavioural examination of the patient, which should be carried out by experienced neurologists specialising in counselling people with poisoning. Functional magnetic resonance imaging and positron emission tomography are the modern standard for diagnosing vegetative states; however, these methods are still difficult to access in Ukraine. The visualization zones of the pathological process in the brain in case of toxic damage are mainly basal ganglia and/or thalamus and dentate nucleus, cortical zone of grey matter, periventricular zone of white matter, corticospinal tract and corpus callosum; asymmetric white matter damage as a sign of demyelination; parietal-occipital subcortical vasogenic edema and lesions of the central pons are characteristic. Forensic and histological studies of the cerebral cortex revealed diffuse loss of neurons, neuronophagia, satellitosis, deformed pyramidal neurons with apical dendrites and manifestations of homogenising necrosis, angiomatosis microfoci and neuropil vacuolation, mineralization of the tissue and a moderate glial reaction around the petrifications. Conclusions. For the health care system of Ukraine, it remains relevant to improve the existing definitions and diagnostic criteria of the apallic syndrome, which attracts the attention of doctors in connection with an increase in cases of life extension of patients after waking up from a long coma.

The aim of the work was to evaluate the ability of monoclonal antibodies to inhibit the interaction of the receptor binding domain (RBD) in S protein of SARS-CoV-2 virus variants, Wuhan-Hu-1 and BQ 1.1, with the angiotensin-converting receptor 2 (ACE2). Materials and methods. In this study, recombinant RBDs of Wuhan-Hu-1 and BQ 1.1 variants were used as antigens. For mouse monoclonal antibody (mMCA) production, hybridomas were cultured in vivo in BALB/c mice. mMCAs were isolated from ascitic fluid by ammonium sulfate treatment followed by purification through column affinity chromatography with Protein G Sepharose sorbent. The specific activity of mMCAs was assessed by immunoblot with recombinant RBD of Wuhan-Hu-1 variant. To identify the most promising mMCA, the neutralizing activity of mMCA was evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) via immobilizing RBD on the surface of a microplate and using ACE2 in the form of horseradish peroxidase conjugate. Recombinant antigens were produced in ExpiCHO-S cell line (Gibco, USA). Results and discussion. Three mMCAs have been described as a result of the study: 5C3, 3F11, 1E6. All antibodies belong to immunoglobulins of subclass G and specifically interact with the RBD in S protein of SARS-CoV-2 virus. The most effective inhibition of the interaction between ACE2 and the RBD of BQ 1.1 strain was observed for murine MCA 3F11 (65 %), while the interaction with the RBD of Wuhan-Hu-1 strain was inhibited by mMCA 5C3 (91 %). The identified characteristics allow for considering the antibodies as potential candidates for the development of antibody-based therapeutics, thus expanding the possibilities of therapy for SARS-CoV-2 virus infection.

Live tularemia vaccine is one of the most effective bacterial vaccines. However, it also has high residual virulence for laboratory animals and may cause adverse reactions in individuals with compromised immune systems. The development of a safe and effective tularemia vaccine is impeded by insufficient understanding of the protection correlates. The aim of this work is to review the literature on the development of post-vaccinal immune responses to live tularemia vaccines and recombinant vaccine candidate strains and to determine the immunological correlates of protection in the formation of specific immunity to Francisella tularensis. This review describes the main aspects of the development of innate and adaptive immune responses to the administration of live tularemia vaccines based on attenuated strains of F. tularensis 15 NIIEG and F. tularensis LVS in humans and in experimental tularemia infection in a mouse model. Studying the mechanisms of adaptive immunity and identifying immunological correlates of protection in experimental tularemia in a murine model is crucial for researching new vaccine strains and improving laboratory methods for assessing the T-cell component of immunity. The main focus is on the study of cellular mechanisms underlying the formation of protective immunity in experimental tularemia, the determination of immunological criteria for its evaluation and the role of identified indicators in long-term protection after the end of the active phase of the immune response induced by immunization with vaccines based on attenuated F. tularensis strains. We discuss the effects of vaccination on the differentiation, functional activity, and duration of specific central and effector CD4+ and CD8+ memory T-cells circulation in humans and mice.

Objective: After Fontan palliation, patients with single-ventricle physiology are committed to chronic circulatory inefficiency for the duration of their lives. This is due in large part to the lack of a subpulmonary ventricle. A low-pressure rise cavopulmonary assist device can address the subpulmonary deficit and offset the Fontan paradox. We investigated the feasibility of a Fontan pump that is self-powered by tapping reserve pressure energy in the systemic arterial circulation. Methods: A double-inlet, double-outlet rotary pump was designed to augment Fontan flow through the total cavopulmonary connection. Pump power is supplied by a systemic arterial shunt and radial turbine, with a closed-loop shunt return to the common atrium (QP:QS 1:1). Computational fluid dynamic analysis and lumped parameter modeling of pump impact on the Fontan circulation was performed. Results: Findings indicate that a pump that can augment all 4 limbs of total cavopulmonary connection flow (superior vena cava/inferior vena cava inflow; left pulmonary artery/right pulmonary artery outflow) using a systemic arterial shunt powered turbine at a predicted cavopulmonary pressure rise of +2.5 mm Hg. Systemic shunt flow is 1.43 lumped parameter model, 22% cardiac output. Systemic venous pressure is reduced by 1.4 mm Hg with improved ventricular preload and cardiac output. Conclusions: It may be possible to tap reserve pressure energy in the systemic circulation to improve Fontan circulatory efficiency. Further studies are warranted to optimize, fabricate, and test pump designs for hydraulic performance and hemocompatibility. Potential benefits of an autonomous Fontan pump include durable physiologic shift toward biventricular health, freedom from external power, autoregulating function and exercise responsiveness, and improved quality and duration of life.

The purpose of the study is to identify the age-related dynamics of the manifestation of coordination among junior and pre-pubescent karate boys (7-11 years old) training in the karate section at the initial stage of preparation. Materials and methods. The study involved 65 children of younger and prepubertal age. They underwent testing of coordination abilities in order to determine the level of development and identify the features of their manifestation in accordance with age and skill level. The selected sample was divided into five ages 7, 8, 9, 10 11 years old, with 13 children in each group. The children and their parents were aware of all the features of the study and gave their consent to participate in the experiment. The technical level of the children corresponded to the students of the 10th, 9th, 8th grades of Kyu (orange, orange with a blue stripe and blue belt color). To solve the tasks, the following research methods were used: study and analysis of scientific and methodological literature, pedagogical observation, timing of educational tasks, testing of coordination abilities, pedagogical ascertaining experiment, methods of mathematical statistics. Results. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed a significant effect of the age factor on the level of indicators of coordination abilities for: differentiation of spatial-dynamic parameters of movements (F = 95.712; p = 0.000); reorganization of motor actions (F = 111.410; p = 0.000); differentiation of spatial-temporal parameters (F = 50.863; p = 0.000); coordination of hand movements (F = 96.764; p = 0.000); maintaining postural stability (F = 38.274; p = 0.000); maintaining vestibular stability (F = 61.291; p = 0.000). Conclusions. Based on the results of studies indicators of various manifestations of coordination, statistically significant age differences are observed between groups of boys aged 7 to 10 years (p < 0.05). At 10-11 years old, there are no significant statistically significant differences in all indicators (p > 0.05), except for dynamic balance (p < 0.05).

BackgroundTrauma is a major global public health issue, with an annual death toll of approximately 5 million, disproportionately affecting low- and middle-income countries. Zambia bears a significant burden of trauma-related mortalities, contributing to 7% of all annual deaths and 1 in 5 premature deaths in the country. Despite the significant burden of trauma in our country, few studies have been conducted, with most focusing on high-population centers, and there is a lack of epidemiological data on trauma-related deaths in our region. Therefore, our aim was to estimate the proportion of deaths caused by injuries at Livingstone University Teaching Hospital, a tertiary hospital located in Zambia's southern province.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective cross-sectional study from June 22, 2020, to June 22, 2021, among 956 individuals from 1 month old (29 days of age) to 100 years. Demographic and clinical data were collected from patient's records from Accident and Emergency department. Data analysis included descriptive statistics, chi square, mann-whitney test and multivariable logistic using forward stepwise generalized linear model equations (GLM) to identified factors associated with mortality, with a significance level set at p < 0.05. Data were analyzed using STATA version 15.ResultsAmong the study participants, the median age was 26 years (interquartile range (IQR) 15, 37) and the majority were males (74.2%, n = 709). Prevalence of mortality was 1.0% (n = 10). The deaths were caused by burns (60%, n = 6), violence (30%, n = 3), and traffic accidents (10%, n = 1). Among those who died, the majority of the trauma occurred at home (90%, n = 9), followed by road (10%, n = 1) and were as a result of burns (60%, n = 6) and community violence (30%, n = 3). Survivors had significantly higher treatment costs (ZMK 9,837 vs. ZMK 6,037, pConclusionThe prevalence of death due to trauma was relatively low, with the majority experiencing multiple traumas. Burns were the most common cause and were associated with death, occurring within a day of hospitalization. The findings underscore the need for targeted preventive measures, improved access to quality emergency trauma care, and rehabilitation services, especially among patients with burns.

The article examines the territory of East Kazakhstan, where a sharply continental climate prevails with hot summers, cold and snowy winters. The mountainous regions of East Kazakhstan are represented by the Kalba, Altai and Saur-Tarbagatay ranges, they are surrounded by rolling plains. The highest points are at 3000–4500 m. On average, the heights are in the range of 900–1400 m. Despite the low heights in the mountainous area, the problem of avalanche safety is acute in the region. At the same time, the situation is complicated by not always predictable weather events, the frequency of which is increasing every year. These include heavy precipitation, sometimes combined with a sharp warming in winter, and the changing wind regime of the territory. To identify regional climate changes and its connection with the avalanche-prone situation in the region, the study analyzed meteorological data from weather stations located directly near avalanche prone locations over the past 23 years since 2001, as well as data from observations of avalanche-prone areas since 2005 and information on registered spontaneous avalanches from 2013 to the present. This study is the first in the East Kazakhstan region, which presents the results of a comprehensive analysis of data on 497 avalanche-prone sites, of which 325 sites pose a threat to life and infrastructure. 10 most dangerous sites have been selected for detailed study. The analysis of climate data was carried out based on information from 7 weather stations. The article discusses the main climatic changes in the region, including an increase in air temperature, an increase in precipitation and a change in wind conditions. Data from weather stations and snow measuring routes covering the period since 2005 have been used to develop probabilistic avalanche forecasts. The use of statistical methods and the analysis of the relationships between meteorological parameters (temperature, precipitation, wind speed) made it possible to build models predicting avalanche-prone situations. Data on spontaneous avalanches were analyzed for five sites (Bogatyrevskaya site, Prokhodnaya, Sogornoye-Barlyk, Tainty and Pikhtovka). Based on these data, equations of dependence of temperature, wind and precipitation have been developed, which improves the accuracy of forecasting avalanche risks. An analysis of the data in the Statistica program showed a significant relationship between sudden warming, increased wind speed and precipitation, which precedes avalanches. Regression equations and the approximation confidence coefficient for the average values of the studied parameters are obtained. The results of the study make it possible not only to establish patterns, but also to propose effective methods for monitoring and forecasting avalanche hazard in the region. According to the data analysis, regional features of climate change in East Kazakhstan were identified, and a comparison was made with previously known works on Kazakhstan. The interrelation of climatic characteristics with avalanche hazard in the region is shown. The results obtained in the study will help us to better understand the regional manifestations of climate change. An important task for further forecasting of avalanche activity is the correct design of the avalanche collection database. The authors identified information objects (entities). An ontological database model (Entity Relationship Diagram) is constructed. Based on it, a database has been created for a system for monitoring and forecasting avalanche activity in the East Kazakhstan region.

Wars not only disrupt economic stability but also displace numerous enterprises, altering the socioeconomic landscape of affected regions. This study aims to analyze the case of relocated businesses in Ukraine, particularly their needs and adaptation in the host regions. An expert survey method was applied for 58 relocated micro-, small, and medium enterprises. The survey and review of secondary sources allowed distinguishing that security is the main driver of relocation (65% of respondents). Although for more than half of the respondents, relocation led to an increase in business activity in the host region, their ability to cover their own needs at the expense of their own funds fell, which led to the demand for external sources of financing. The biggest challenges are the cultural and doing business differences, loss of suppliers, and energy costs. In addition to financing, the TOP-3 needs include access to new markets (60%), the need for new equipment (57%), and special local permits (47%). Host regional authorities, as well as foreign donors, played a crucial role in adaptation to their region. In turn, businesses also note their contribution to the development of the host regions through tax contributions and providing jobs for the population and higher-quality products. Businesses demonstrate their openness to cooperation with foreign donors more than with local sponsors. These results are helpful for policymaking regarding regional development and the post-war rebuilding of Ukraine.

Aim of the study was to identify the incidence of arterial stiffness in normotensive patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) in the Trans-Baikal region, to study polymorphism of genes for some cytokines and prognostic factors for increased arterial stiffness in this disease. Material and methods. We examined 100 patients with AS, natives of the Transbaikal region, HLA-В27 positive and 100 healthy controls, HLA-B27 negative; all included in the study were Caucasian. Arterial hypertension was an exclusion criterion. Determination of single nucleotide polymorphisms of the genes IL1B (‒31T/C, rs1143627), IL10 (‒592C/A, rs1800872), IL10 (‒819C/T, rs1800871), TNF (‒308G/A, rs1800629) was carried out in all patients with AS and healthy individuals. 74 patients with AS and 40 patients in the control group underwent applanation tonometry using SphygmoCor (AtCor Medical, Australia). Results. Pulse wave velocity on the carotid-femoral segment in patients with AS was 6.5 [4.1; 11.7] m/s, in the control group – 5.2 [3.9; 7.0] m/s (p = 0.0001). In 18 patients with AS (24.32 %) it was more than the age norm, these patients made up the group with elevated arterial stiffness. In patients with AS, carriage of the homozygous AA genotype of the IL10 gene (rs1800872, ‒592C/A) was 2.18 times more common, the homozygous GG genotype of the TNF gene (rs1800629, ‒308G/A) was 1.23 times more common, and the heterozygous ST genotype of the IL10 gene (rs1800871, ‒819C/T) was 1.5 times more common than in the control group. Prognostic factors for increased arterial stiffness in patients with AS were carriage of the IL10 rs1800871 polymorphism, age, and the radiological stage of changes in the sacroiliac joints. Conclusions. Increased arterial stiffness was detected in 24.3 % of normotensive patients with AS. The CT genotype of the IL10 gene (rs1800871, ‒819C/T), AA genotype of the of the IL10 gene (rs1800872, ‒592C/A), the G allele and the GG genotype of the TNF gene (rs1800629, позиция ‒308G/A) are associated with the development of AS in Caucasians. Multivariate regression analysis identified clinical and genetic factors that predict an increase in arterial stiffness in patients with AS, natives of the Trans-Baikal Territory.

Метою дослідження є розробка мультиагентної імітаційної моделі для прогнозування поширення інфекційних захворювань, зокрема COVID-19. В умовах пандемії COVID-19 виникла нагальна потреба у створенні інструментів для прогнозування та аналізу динаміки епідемій, а також оцінки ефективності управлінських рішень. Використання математичних моделей у цьому процесі дозволяє адекватно описувати динаміку поширення інфекцій, що є важливим для прийняття обґрунтованих рішень. У статті розглядаються традиційні підходи до моделювання епідемій, такі як модель «хижак–жертва» та компартментальна модель SIR (Susceptible-Infectious-Recovered). Модель «хижак–жертва» описує взаємодію між двома видами в екосистемі за допомогою диференціальних рівнянь, що дозволяє моделювати динаміку популяцій. Компартментальна модель SIR поділяє населення на три групи: вразливі, інфіковані та одужалі, що дозволяє аналізувати поширення інфекційних захворювань. Проте ці моделі мають обмеження, зокрема через припущення про однорідність популяції та сталість параметрів. Для більш точного моделювання складних епідемічних процесів було розроблено мультиагентну імітаційну модель. У цій моделі агенти взаємодіють у визначеній області, імітуючи реальні умови поширення інфекції. Агенти поділяються на три класи: здорові, інфіковані та одужалі. Рух агентів моделюється за допомогою випадкового блукання у двовимірному просторі з урахуванням можливості контакту між ними, що може призвести до зараження. Інфіковані агенти після певного періоду захворювання переходять у клас одужалих і більше не можуть інфікуватися. Результати моделювання показали, що мультиагентна модель дозволяє більш точно прогнозувати динаміку поширення інфекцій. Було проведено численні експерименти, які продемонстрували адекватність моделі у відтворенні процесу інфікування, пікових значень захворюваності та періоду одужання. Досліджено вплив різних параметрів, таких як тривалість захворювання, на динаміку епідемії. Отримані результати підтверджують, що врахування індивідуальних характеристик та поведінкових особливостей агентів покращує точність моделювання. Це дозволяє використовувати мультиагентну імітаційну модель для розробки ефективних стратегій контролю та прогнозування поширення інфекційних захворювань, що може бути корисним для прийняття управлінських рішень у реальних умовах пандемії.

The article analyzes the reception of B. Hrinchenko's work in criticism, elaborates studies of his contemporaries, devoted to his biography, social and literary activities. The main attention is focused on the aspect of the artist's writing work, the prerequisites for its formation, as well as the author's inherent character traits and features of appearance, which testified to the writer's strong-willed qualities and contributed to his searches. He reacted acutely to the injustice and injustice inflicted on the Ukrainian people, in particular by the numerous bans on the Ukrainian language, and was concerned with national and social issues at a time when inequality and the poor were chaining the impoverished people into chains of obedience and submission. The writer saw not the only salvation in enlightenment, the instrument of which became the embodiment of literature. The object of the study was the autobiography of B. Hrinchenko, the memoirs of M. Hrinchenko, I. Lypa, M. Lysenko, D. Pisochnytsia, the works of S. Yefremov "Borys Hrinchenko (About his life and works), M. Plevako's "Life and work of Borys Hrinchenko", "Cedar of Lebanon" by M. Chernyavskyi, criticism by L. Smilyanskyi, S. Rudnychenko, V. Koryak. The literary works of O. Biletsky, N. Kobyzhcha, A. Movchun, O. Nezhivy, A. Pogribny, and others were analyzed. The purpose of this article is to form a holistic and objective view of B. Hrinchenko's life, literary activity, character, moral values and orientations with the help of reviews of contemporaries who accompanied the writer on various aspects of his life and professional path. The topicality of the topic is due to the fact that B. Hrinchenko's work becomes the object of research by literary critics much less often than works devoted to pedagogical and educational views, scientists reveal ideological-aesthetic and national-social aspects, carrying out a detailed analysis of biography, epistolary, journalism, ethnographic works. Despite the limited amount of critical literature, the chosen topic is promising and needs more detailed coverage.

The active usage of the concept of «media design» in the modern information space highlights the problem of its definition and lexicographical fixation. Among various types of dictionaries, consolidated ones are singled out. Special attention is drawn to those in which definitions of field concepts or philological interpretations of specific terms that denote them are gathered through information search methods and are compiled and ordered from scientific and lexicographical works. The article analyzes the main features and definitions of the concept of «media design» as documented in scientific and lexicographical works and reference sources. The specifics of the functioning of the corresponding term, its origin, and use in professional texts are revealed. The method of systematization and comparison of the collected material helped identify contextual synonyms used by design professionals. Through definitive analysis, the main features of the concept of «media design» are clarified, and its definition is proposed. The application of data visualization method enabled the creation of a presentation and video clip for a visual representation of information about media design and related concepts. The inventoried material has been adapted for a dictionary article in the electronic educational resource (EER) «Lexical Minimum of Mеdia Scientist» (as one of the research areas of the collective topic «Media Studies in Scientific and Educational Discourses»), which is being developed and filled by faculty members and students of the Faculty of Journalism at the Boris Grinchenko Kyiv Metropolitan University. According to the developed template of the dictionary article, the primary data were systematized, unified and converted to EER. The author's definitions of the concept of «media design» form five vectors of relations (three vectors of systemic and two vectors of non-systemic relations) through which scholars interpret the analyzed concept, requiring standardization and lexicographical fixation in dictionaries.

The article examines the theoretical foundations and practical implementation of the legal responsibility of military personnel for improper performance of duties during physical fitness testing. The study of judicial practice in this area is also an important stage, as it allows us to understand how specific legal norms and sanctions for their violation are applied in practice. On the basis of this analysis, it is possible to formulate recommendations for improving the legislation and the practice of its application in order to improve the effectiveness of the system of legal responsibility of military personnel for improper performance of duties during physical fitness testing. The analysis of national legislation regarding the legal responsibility of military personnel for improper performance of duties during physical fitness testing allows us to determine that such violations can be considered both disciplinary and administrative offenses. The article defines the legal responsibility of military personnel. The analysis of normative legal acts in the field of legal responsibility of military personnel for improper performance of duties during physical fitness testing was carried out, with the help of which the procedural features of legal liability of military personnel, in particular, for improper performance of duties during physical fitness testing, were clarified. It has been established that disciplinary or administrative responsibility may be applied for improper performance of duties during physical fitness testing. The study includes an analysis of most of the national legislation that regulates the issue of legal liability of military personnel for improper performance of official duties during physical fitness testing. The practice of applying the specified norms was determined, the judicial practice in the specified area was analyzed, and the corresponding conclusions were formulated.

Background. The process of storing sperm in a deeply frozen state causes structural and functional disorders of spermatozoa, which reduces their fertilizing ability. The main mechanism of the negative effect of cryopreservation on spermatozoa is the development of oxidative stress. Molecular hydrogen has some advantages as a potential antioxidant molecule - it is a selective effect on certain reactive oxygen species, the ability to overcome cell membranes, the absence of toxic effects. Purpose. To study the effect of molecular hydrogen on the functional status of native and deconserved sperm cells of breeding bulls. Materials and methods. The object of the study was the ejaculates of bulls before cryopreservation and after defrosting. The native sperm diluted with the "BioXcell" diluent, the native sperm diluted with the "BioXcell" diluent enriched with molecular hydrogen, the sperm after deep freezing and the sperm after deep freezing pretreated with molecular hydrogen were studied. The intensity of free radical processes and the activity of antioxidant enzymes were determined in spermatozoa. Results. After cryopreservation of sperm, the processes of lipid peroxidation in spermatozoa are significantly activated. The content of malondialdehyde, diene and triene conjugates increases. The use of molecular hydrogen to correct the quality of sperm production after cryopreservation gave positive results. A decrease in the concentration of primary and intermediate products of lipid peroxidation was noted. The activity of superoxide dismutase and catalase in spermatozoa significantly increases. Conclusion. Molecular hydrogen has the potential as a new and effective antioxidant, the widespread use of which is possible for veterinary purposes. Sponsorship information. The study was funded by the Russian Science Foundation grant No. 23-26-00205.

The review provides an analysis of clinical studies and current clinical guidelines from the MEDLINE database on the PubMed platform regarding the treatment of choledocholithiasis. Choledocholithiasis occurs in almost 20 % of patients with gallstone disease and is characterized by frequent dangerous complications, in particular, bile duct obstruction, cholangitis, and biliary pancreatitis. Therefore, common bile duct exploration is an important component of surgical treatment for gallstone disease, but discussions about the optimal treatment for choledocholithiasis have been ongoing for many years. Currently, there is no generally accepted standard of treatment, and various methods and approaches to the staging and sequence of surgical interventions on the gallbladder and common bile duct are used. In recent years, the leading methods of choledocholithiasis treatment are minimally invasive endoscopic and/or laparoscopic interventions, which have almost completely replaced open surgeries. For common bile duct exploration and normalization of biliary excretion, endoscopic transpapillary (retrograde) access is used mostly, which is characterized by a high risk of post-procedural immediate and long-term complications. Endoscopic management of common bile duct stones requires an additional intervention — laparoscopic cholecystectomy, which is most often performed at the second stage or simultaneously with endoscopic intervention. The optimal staging and sequencing of interventions requires further research. A good alternative to endoscopic interventions on common bile duct is its laparoscopic exploration through the cystic duct or by choledochotomy (antegrade), which can be performed simultaneously with cholecystectomy. However, this technique has not yet been widely adopted, and immediate and long-term results are conflicting that require further research into the effectiveness and safety of the method. The effectiveness of surgical treatment for choledocholithiasis depends not only on the individual characteristics of a patient, including biliary anatomy, the form and severity of the disease, but also on the local experience and availability of appropriate equipment, which must be taken into account when planning treatment.

The work is devoted to a relevant issue – gamification of the educational process of primary school students with the use of digital mobile devices using the example of educational trainer developed to control the technique and speed of reading. The practical novelty of the study lies in its potential to optimize the process of controlling reading techniques for children with various speech disorders, such as lisping, rhotacismus, and dyslalia, which remains an unsolved problem for existing computer linguistic models. The practical significance lies in the fact that the use of information and communication technologies and gamification of the learning process motivates to gain knowledge and encourages learning not only due to the game strategy, but also due to the fact that the child receives approval and the opportunity to perform the task again so to improve skills. The proposed and tested trainer for monitoring the technique and speed of reading of primary school students for a mobile digital device recognizes the child’s voice with high accuracy (up to 94.84%), detects misread words and counts the number of words read in the given time period. The architecture of the proposed system consists of the following modules: preparation module, which ensures the correct functioning of the system regardless of the existing speech disorders; the speech-to-text converter directly converts the voice of the child reading the text on the gadget screen into text; The text comparison module is responsible for comparing the text read aloud with the text obtained as a result of conversion. The results of testing children with lisping and rhotacismus problems showed that the Jaro algorithm has a slightly higher accuracy of comparing two texts (by an average of 1.14%), and, at the same time, a shorter comparison time for large text arrays (by 39%). The results of testing children with dyslalia, meaning the rearrangement of sounds in words when reading, also showed that the Jaro algorithm has a shorter line comparison time for large text arrays (by 7%). The reduced operation time in methods for comparing texts in dyslalia cases is attributed to the absence of text array variations, with evaluations solely focusing on potential permutations of sounds.

Для прискорення виведення отрут зі шлунково-кишкового тракту в Україні широко застосовують промивання шлунка. Однак клінічна ефективність цієї процедури не підтверджена в численних контрольованих дослідженнях, а до ускладнень, які загрожують життю пацієнтів, належать аспіраційна пневмонія, перфорація стравоходу або шлунка, ларингоспазм, гіпоксія, порушення ритму, дисбаланс рідини і/або електролітів. Мета - описати особливості діагностики та лікування набряку мозку на тлі гіпотонічної гіпергідратації в дитини після надмірного введення питної води під час промивання шлунка. Клінічний випадок. Описано клінічний випадок успішного лікування набряку мозку на тлі гіпотонічної гіпергідратації в 4-річної дитини після надмірного введення питної води під час промивання шлунка з приводу випадкового ненавмисного вживання левотироксину. Висновки. Гіпонатріємія як причина гіпоосмолярної гіпергідратації є рідкісним і небезпечним для життя станом, що може ускладнювати промивання шлунка в дітей раннього віку. Слід також ретельно оцінювати ймовірність гіпонатріємії в усіх педіатричних пацієнтів з отруєннями речовинами, які потенційно можуть збільшити секрецію антидіуретичного гормона, і ізотонічний фізіологічний розчин слід використовувати як розчин для промивання шлунку, а також для проведення інфузійної терапії. Для максимально сприятливого прогнозу важливе швидке підвищення сироваткової концентрації натрію на 5 ммоль/л шляхом внутрішньовенної інфузії гіпертонічного 3% розчину натрію хлориду, за його відсутності - 20% розчину манітолу. Це дослідження не передбачало проведення будь-яких експериментів на тваринах або людях. Від мами дитини отримано письмову інформовану згоду на лікування та публікацію цього випадку. Автори заявляють про відсутність конфлікту інтересів.

Background. Potato breeding involves planned artificial hybridization between previously selected parental lines. A way to make potato breeding more efficient is to use the diversity of the germplasm and broaden the gene pool of parental lines. Interspecific potato hybrids originated on the elite potato germplasm display a set of valuable traits. The current challenge is to assess the performance of potato hybrids under specific soil and climate conditions to clarify their breeding value.The objective of the study was to evaluate potato hybrids in the environments of Kamchatka Territory according to a set of traits, identify the best parental lines, develop new hybrid combinations, and select promising breeding material.Materials and methods. Eleven potato hybrids from VIR were studied over three years (2020–2022) in the fields of Kamchatka Research Institute of Agriculture. The hybrids were benchmarked against two reference potato cultivars, ‘Fresco’ and ‘Vulkan’, belonging to the early and mid-early maturity groups, respectively. Crosses between the hybrids and 28 potato cultivars were carried out in the greenhouse. The new hybrid material was tested in a preliminary trial nursery for yield and earliness.Results. Hybrid 117-2 was better in yield (899 g/plant) than cvs. ‘Vulkan’ and ‘Fresco’ (700–739 g/plant). Hybrids 94-5, 99-10- 1, 8-1-2004, 8-3-2004, 8-5-2004, 135-3-2005, 135-5-2005, 99-6-6, and 134-2-2006 in most traits matched the potato cultivars, manifesting good berry formation and seed setting when crossed. Out of 140 crosses between 11 hybrids and 28 cultivars, 35 crosses between 10 hybrids and 13 cultivars were successful. Most hybrids were effectively used in crossings as maternal forms.Conclusion. VIR’s hybrids 94-5, 8-1-2004, and 8-5-2004 proved the most promising as source material for the development of new early potatoes under the conditions of Kamchatka Territory.

The purpose of the study is to determine the effect of the number of repetitions on the effectiveness of the process of learning to throw a small ball for 9-year-old boys. Materials and methods. The study involved 27 9-year-old boys, divided into three groups of 9 people in random order. Children and their parents were aware of all the features of the study and gave consent to participate in the experiment. The influence of the number of repetitions on the effectiveness of the process of learning to throw a small ball at a target in 9-year-old boys was studied. In a pedagogical experiment, the effect of 6, 12 and 18 repetitions with a rest interval of 60 s on the increase in the level of training in exercises of 9-year-old boys was studied. In the first group, boys repeated the task 6 times with a rest interval of 60 s, in the second group - 12 times with a rest interval of 60 s, in the third group 18 times with a rest interval of 60 s. In the process of teaching throwing exercises in a lesson, the level of training (“completed”, “failed to complete”) was assessed using an alternative method, and the probability of completing the exercise was calculated (p = n/m, where n is the number of successfully completed attempts, m is the total number of attempts). The method of algorithmic prescriptions was used in teaching 9-year-old boys. The transition to the next exercise was carried out after three successful attempts. Throwing a ball at a vertical target was studied. The research materials were processed in the statistical analysis program - IBM SPSS 20. In the process of discriminant analysis, a prognostic model for group membership was created. Results. Discriminant analysis made it possible to determine the influence of the number of repetitions on the effectiveness of developing the skills of throwing a small ball at a target; answer the question how reliably the repetition modes differ in terms of the effectiveness of the formation of motor skills, what class the object belongs to based on the discriminant values of the variables. Conclusions. Based on the analysis of group centroids, it was determined that 18 repetitions (6 sets of 3 times with a rest interval of 60 s) has a significant impact on the increase in the level of learning in physical education lessons. The group classification results show that 63.0% of the original grouped observations were correctly classified.

Background. Intensive milk production technology creates a number of factors that can put an animal into a state of technological stress. The effect of stress is reflected in nonspecific resistance, which represents the body's ability to resist the effects of adverse factors by maintaining protective forces at the proper level. Neutrophils are one of the first protective cellular barriers that are rapidly mobilized when exposed to stress factors. To decipher the changes taking place in response to the action of stressors, the involvement of various evaluation tools is required. One of the possible methodological approaches is the use of various visualization methods that provide access to spatio-temporal information at the level of individual organelles and Purpose. The study of the morpho-functional state of neutrophils under technological stress in cattle by laser interference and electron scanning microscopy. Materials and methods. The work was carried out on 30 clinically healthy highly productive black-and-white cows. A combination of impacts was considered as technological stress: the rearrangement of animals and the change of service personnel. Neutrophils were analyzed by laser interference and electron scanning microscopy. Results. A change in the morphological structure and functional activity of neutrophils after the action of technological stress is shown. The analysis of interferograms revealed an increase in the heterogeneity of neutrophils due to the appearance of degeneratively altered cell forms with an increase in the number of functionally active neutrophils. Electron scanning microscopy revealed the appearance of NEToses and neutrophils with emptied granules and vacuolization of the cytoplasm after technological stress. Conclusion. The revealed morphofunctional changes in neutrophils prove the strain of adaptation mechanisms under technological stress. This circumstance must be taken into account in order to prevent disruption of the adaptive capabilities of the organism of highly productive animals.

The article analyzes the impact of cognitive biases regarding the perception of information and its consequences for the decisions of market participants and the formation of the overall picture of the financial market. It is noted that a number of cognitive biases are associated with the circulation of information in the market and the peculiarities of its perception. The main cognitive biases regarding the perception of information in the financial market have been identified: bias of disseminated information (in the context of financial decision-making and market dynamics can lead to an increase in the impact of this information on market decisions); the oddity effect (investors may react emotionally to such events, leading to sharp fluctuations in asset prices, panic or euphoria in the market, depending on the nature of these events); generation effect (investors can better remember and more reliably perceive information that they themselves have created or expressed, compared to information they have received from other sources); Google effect (due to the ease of obtaining information on the Internet, investors may become less cautious about storing key financial data in their memory); the disinformation effect (investors may receive new information after they have already formed their opinion about a particular financial event or trend, and this new information may lead to misinterpretation or overestimation of the facts that have occurred); sentiment effect (investors who are in a positive mood may pay more attention to positive information, which can lead to more optimistic investment decisions); the effect of complexity of information processing (investors can remember and better understand complex and in-depth analyses that require more time and attention to process); information bias (investors may be inclined to constantly monitor news, updates, and analysis, even if this information does not have a direct impact on their current or future investment decisions); the effect of «hostile» media (investors can react to financial news and analysis according to their own biases). It is noted that in order to avoid the negative consequences of cognitive biases in the financial market, it is important to develop financial literacy, the ability to think critically and have self-control in the process of making financial decisions.

The modern education system is subject to changes, accompanied by the introduction of a number of innovations, because it must adapt to the requirements of a dynamically developing society. Among such innovations is the introduction of an effective contract in the state universities as an innovative mechanism for stimulating the work of scientific and pedagogical workers. The need for criteria-based assessment of the effectiveness of a higher school teacher, depending on the individual results of his work, has actualized the importance of studying the problem of an effective contract model in higher education and identified the research problem: what is the essence of an effective contract as an innovative mechanism for stimulating the work of scientific and pedagogical workers? The purpose of the research is to reveal the essence of an effective contract as an innovative aspect of stimulating the professional activity of a university teacher and its main components. The following research methods were used: analysis, synthesis, description, interpretation, comparison. Systematic and logical approaches were used. The results of the research: 1) the concept of «performance-based contract of employment» in the legal and scientific-pedagogical field has been described; 2) a brief overview of the concept of an performance-based contract of employment abroad and in Russia has been carried out; 3) the principles for developing criteria for professional achievements of teaching staff have been substantiated. Key conclusions: 1) performance-based contract of employment is a balanced decomposition of criteria and performance indicators of the professional activity of a higher school teacher; 2) foreign and domestic concepts of a performance-based contract of employment are largely similar and include a set of interrelated components that reveal all aspects of a teacher’s professional activity: teaching, methodological, scientific,educational and sports; 3) the main principles of criteria-based assessment of scientific and pedagogical workers are: complexity, objectivity, quantitative assessment, adaptability, stimulation and motivation.

Adaptive potential is an important indicator of the efficiency of the cardiovascular system. A possible cause of tension in adaptation processes may be situational anxiety, while the question of predictors of its occurrence and its impact on the cognitive abilities of medical students remains incompletely studied.Purpose of the work: to study the relationship between indicators of adaptation of the cardiovascular system and the level of situational anxiety, as well as to analyze individual parameters of attention and social intelligence among second-year medical university students.Object and methods. The study assessed the state of the cardiovascular system, the level of situational anxiety, the level of development of social intelligence and the level of attention in 22 students of both sexes. Results. Adaptation potential is 8.56±0.354 points, which indicates unsatisfactory adaptation of students. Analysis of the index of functional changes showed a satisfactory state of adaptation mechanisms, while 27% of students noted tension in the adaptation mechanisms of the cardiovascular system, which may indicate an excessive influence of stress factors on the functional capabilities of the body. In addition, correlations were identified between: IFI and the level of situational anxiety, situational anxiety and the level of development of social intelligence, and between the indicator of situational anxiety and the duration of work with Schulte tables.Conclusions. The study made it possible to assess the state of students’ adaptation mechanisms and identify the reason for the tension of these mechanisms – the development of anxiety states.

Background/Objectives Bacterial ghosts (BGs), non-living empty envelopes of bacteria, are produced either through genetic engineering or chemical treatment of bacteria, retaining the shape of their parent cells. BGs are considered vaccine candidates, promising delivery systems, and vaccine adjuvants. The practical use of BGs in vaccine development for humans is limited because of concerns about the preservation of viable bacteria in BGs. Methods: To increase the efficiency of Klebsiella pneumoniae BG formation and, accordingly, to ensure maximum killing of bacteria, we exploited previously designed plasmids with the lysis gene E from bacteriophage φX174 or with holin–endolysin systems of λ or L-413C phages. Previously, this kit made it possible to generate bacterial cells of Yersinia pestis with varying degrees of hydrolysis and variable protective activity. Results: In the current study, we showed that co-expression of the holin and endolysin genes from the L-413C phage elicited more rapid and efficient K. pneumoniae lysis than lysis mediated by only single gene E or the low functioning holin–endolysin system of λ phage. The introduction of alternative lysing factors into K. pneumoniae cells instead of the E protein leads to the loss of the murein skeleton. The resulting frameless cell envelops are more reminiscent of bacterial sacs or bacterial skins than BGs. Although such structures are less naive than classical bacterial ghosts, they provide effective protection against infection by a hypervirulent strain of K. pneumoniae and can be recommended as candidate vaccines. For our vaccine candidate generated using the O1:K2 hypervirulent K. pneumoniae strain, both safety and immunogenicity aspects were evaluated. Humoral and cellular immune responses were significantly increased in mice that were intraperitoneally immunized compared with subcutaneously vaccinated animals (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Therefore, this study presents novel perspectives for future research on K. pneumoniae ghost vaccines.

The physicochemical and adsorption properties of granular sorbents based on natural bentonite and modified sorbents based on it have been studied. It was found that modification of natural bentonite with iron (III) polyhydroxocations (mod. 1_Fe_5 GA) and aluminum (III) (mod. 1_Al_5 GA) by the “co-precipitation” method leads to a change in their chemical composition, structure, and sorption properties. It is shown that modified sorbents based on natural bentonite are finely porous (nanostructured) objects with a predominance of pores measuring 1.5–8.0 nm, with a specific surface area of 55–65 m2/g. Modification of bentonite with iron (III) and aluminum compounds by the “co-precipitation” method also leads to an increase in the sorption capacity of the obtained sorbents with respect to bichromate and arsenate anions and nickel cations by 5-10 times compared with natural bentonite. The obtained sorption isotherms were classified as Langmuir type isotherms. Kinetic analysis showed that at the initial stage the sorption process is controlled by an external diffusion factor, i.e. refers to the diffusion of sorbent from solution into a liquid film on the surface of the sorbent. Then the sorption process begins to proceed in a mixed diffusion mode, when it limits both the external diffusion factor and the internal diffusion factor (the diffusion of the sorbent to the active centers through the system of pores and capillaries). To determine the contribution of the chemical stage to the rate of adsorption of bichromate and arsenate anions and nickel(II) cations with the studied granular sorbents, kinetic curves were processed using the equations of chemical kinetics (pseudo-second-order model). As a result, it was found that the adsorption of the studied anions by modified sorbents based on natural bentonite is best described by a pseudo-second-order kinetic model. It is shown that the use of natural bentonite for the development of technology for the production of granular sorbents based on it has an undeniable advantage, firstly, in terms of its chemical and structural properties, it is easily and effectively modified, and secondly, having astringent properties, granules are easily made on its basis, which turn into ceramics during high-temperature firing. The result is a granular sorbent with high physical and mechanical properties. Since bentonite is an environmentally friendly product, the technology of recycling spent sorbents is also greatly simplified.

TiZrMoC coatings were deposited on Si(100) substrates using a DC dual magnetron sputtering. The composition was controlled by adjusting the sputtering parameters of the TiZrMo and graphite targets. The influence of graphite target current on the resulting coating properties was explored. TEM analysis revealed a single-phase structure with Ti/Mo/Zr substitutional elements, columnar grains, and a strong [111] texture. Nanotwins and stacking faults were prevalent within the nanocrystals. EDX, SIMS, XRD, and XPS analyses confirmed the elemental composition and nanostructure. Computational modeling was employed to investigate the mixing behavior of the quaternary solid solutions depending on the valency electron concentration. The films exhibited exceptional mechanical properties, including a maximum hardness of 35 GPa and a wear rate of 2.11 × 10−7 mm3N−1m−1, attributed to the presence of an amorphous carbon layer and optimized deposition parameters. These findings demonstrate the potential of TiZrMoC coatings for advanced applications requiring exceptional wear resistance and durability.

The russian war against Ukraine caused a large wave of displaced people both inside and outside the country. According to UNHCR as of 2023, more than 1.6 million Ukrainian citizens applied for protection status in Poland and 4.9 million people received internally displaced status in Ukraine. This paper aims to analyse the data from a 2023 survey of internally displaced Ukrainians and those who are considered refugees to identify how their financial patterns have changed and what measures can be applied for adjustment to a new environment. The results show that there are no significant changes in patterns of financial behaviour, however, both groups demonstrate coping strategies: more than 50% in both groups shorten their financial horizon plans. Their expenditures are focused mostly on essential needs. In both countries, Ukrainians invest less because of the decrease in their income. As well, the majority in both groups do not invest at all. Bank deposits remain the most popular investment for Ukrainians (in Ukraine is more than 25%, and in Poland is more than 15%). The real estate objects in Ukraine are less attractive because of security as before 2022. At the same time, Ukrainians are searching for alternative ways of investment. Ukrainians demonstrate a high level of using different digital technologies for different purposes, including personal finance. The fintech solutions are recommended to facilitate better decision-making in personal finance and change the patterns of financial behaviour. Fintech can increase the financial inclusion of IDPs in Ukraine and migrants in Poland and direct money flows for investment for further their pension payments.

Huntington’s disease (HD) is caused by an expansion of CAG trinucleotide repeat in the HTT gene; the exact pathogenesis of HD currently remains unclear. One of the promising directions in the study of HDs is to determine the molecular mechanism underlying the development and role of microRNAs (miRNAs). This study aimed to identify the profile of miRNAs in an HD human cell line model as diagnostic biomarkers for HD. To study HD, the human SH-SY5Y HD cell model is based on the expression of two different forms: pEGFP-Q23 and pEGFP-Q74 of HTT. The expression of Htt protein was confirmed using aggregation assays combined with immunofluorescence and Western blotting methods. miRNA levels were measured in SH-SY5Y neuronal cell model samples stably expressing Q23 and Q74 using the extraction-free HTG EdgeSeq protocol. A total of 2083 miRNAs were detected, and 354 (top 18 miRNAs) miRNAs were significantly differentially expressed (DE) (p

In the context of a significant reduction in international mobility for Russian scientists, the importance of domestic programs is increasing. This study aims to assess the scale of domestic academic mobility programs, create a profile of those interested in participating in such programs, and describe the outcomes of such participation using young candidates of sciences as an example. The study is based on the results of representative surveys conducted among Russian teachers, researchers, and graduate students as part of the Monitoring of the Economy of Education in June-October 2022, as well as in-depth interviews conducted with participants of Russian postdoc programs by the authors in June-September 2022. It was found that the level of domestic mobility for teachers and researchers is low: only 3% of them underwent long-term internships within the country in 2019-2021, and 3% of graduate students participated in Russian postdoc programs. The potential mobility level is also low: one-third of Russian teachers (30%) are not willing to change their place of residence for a new job. Participants of Russian postdoc programs highlight numerous positive effects of these programs, including significant growth in qualifications, acquisition of new competencies, and expansion of professional networks. However, the development of domestic academic mobility is hindered by various institutional barriers such as the closed academic environment and cautious attitude towards mobility, as well as lack of support during relocation.

Мета. Вивчити особливості цвітіння та плодоношення шовковиці плодової в умовах Правобережної частини Лісостепу України Методи. Дослідження проводили в зоні Лісостепу на експериментальній базі Інституту садівництва НААН упродовж 2021–2023 рр. Предметом слугував рослинний матеріал різних сортозразків шовковиці плодової селекційних форм від насіннєвого потомства сорту ‘Крупноплідна’; як контроль використовували рослини самоплідної шовковиці. Морфологічний опис структурних елементів генеративних органів та дослідження життєздатності пилку проводили згідно з опублікованими методиками. Плодоношення селекційних форм оцінювали за п’ятибаловою шкалою. Результати. Встановлено, що всі досліджувані рослини мають здатність до проростання пилку. Найбільше життєздатного пилку (75,1%) виявлено в селекційній чоловічій формі №5 за 12­годинної експозиції та концентрації сахарози, що становила 50%. 24­годинна експозиція спричиняла зниження до 63,1% енергії проростання. Остання була найменшою в пилкових зернах рослин триплоїдного сортозразка за обох використаних концентрацій сахарози. Порівняльна характеристика морфологічних ознак і насіннєвої продуктивності (в розрахунку на одне супліддя) селекційних форм M. alba показала генетичну різноманітність рослин сортозразків виду, що проявляється в різниці фенотипових ознак через мінливість діапазону їхнього вияву. Висновки. Найвищі показники проростання пилку шовковиці білої одержано для селекційної форми № 5 – 79,1 ± 0,36% (чоловічого екземпляра), за 25­відсоткової концентрації сахарози в поживному середовищі. Кількість плодів, що утворилися на дворічних пагонах, – 21–91 шт. Оцінка плодоношення селекційних форм становила 4–5 балів, а їхні супліддя були 2,26–3,97 см завдовжки (великі). Загалом, вивчення морфології генеративних органів селекційних форм M. alba, кожна з яких утворює виповнене насіння з високою енергією проростання (91–98%), показало непорушність репродуктивних функцій шовковиці, що вказує на успішне проходження рослинами всіх етапів органогенезу.

The conditions of the digital economy set a new context for social security management. The use of digital technologies can help streamline processes, increase efficiency, and ensure a rapid and accurate response to social challenges. That is why the presented study is up-to-date and of relevace. The aim of the publication is to define the main features of the social security management system in the digital economy, taking into account the local level, that is, the level of the city. The main methods of the carried out study are: analysis and synthesis – to define the main components of social security management at the local level, as well as the main features of the digital economy in the context of social security; deduction and induction – to define the components of social security at different levels of management; method of comparison – to define the features of the levels of social security management; graphical method – for visual display of the provided results. The main results of the carried out study can be considered the following identified features of social security in the digital economy: development and implementation of platforms for the provision of social services online, which simplifies citizens’ access to social support; the use of digital identifiers for citizens in social protection systems and the issuance of electronic cards to access the services; ensuring a high level of cybersecurity to protect personal data and prevent cyber threats; application of analytical tools to identify social trends, forecasting the needs and development of social programs; the use of artificial intelligence to optimize the allocation of resources and determine priorities in the social sphere; introduction of chatbots and virtual assistants for consultations and provision of information on social services; implementing digital solutions in social protection programs to make them more flexible and efficient; automation of the processes of assigning and paying social benefits to speed up the provision of support; introduction of electronic systems for the exchange of medical information and electronic medical records; ensuring the possibility of remote medical consultations and electronic prescriptions; creation of electronic platforms for education and advanced training for the unemployed and low-income groups; development of electronic labor markets and platforms for online employment. The digital economy opens up new opportunities for improving the management of social security, simplifies access to social services and allows for more effective resolution of social problems. At the same time, it is important to take into account the aspects of cybersecurity, privacy, and accessibility of digital solutions for all segments of the population.

Currently, increasing evidence shows the mutual influence of aldosterone and adipose tissue. Aldosterone excess has been reported in patients with obesity and metabolic syndrome. Aldosterone has a direct effect on adipose tissue increasing anabolic activity and expression of mineralocorticoid receptors. In turn, excessive activation of MCR leads to stimulation of adipogenesis and an increase in the volume of adipose tissue. Aldosterone excess can be considered an independent cardiovascular risk factor that affects such processes as cardiac fibrosis, nephrosclerosis, and arteriosclerosis. There is convincing evidence of higher prevalence and severity of impaired glucose homeostasis and lipid metabolism disorders among patients with primary hyperaldosteronism. Similar pathological changes are also observed in patients with obesity and metabolic syndrome. This review presents scientific data on the metabolic effects of aldosterone, in particular its effect on adipose tissue function, glucose and lipid metabolism. Treatment with mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists may provide substantial benefit in the management of metabolic syndrome, contribute to the stabilisation of glucose and lipid metabolism, improve clinical status of patients with cardiovascular diseases and reduce the risk of complications. However, available evidence from the conducted studies is not sufficient to justify introduction of such therapy into clinical practice.

Hyperandrogenism is the most prevalent cause of menstrual cycle abnormalities and infertility in women. Here, we present a case of a 32-year-old woman with a 7-year history of menstrual irregularity and infertility. Laboratory test results revealed elevated 17-hydroxyprogesterone, progesterone 21-deoxycortisol. Abdominal computed tomography found a 3,9х2,9х2,6 cm left adrenal tumor. Non-classic congenital adrenal hyperplasia was diagnosed initially, however, treatment with supraphysiological doses of dexamethasone proved ineffective and progesterone and 17-hydroxyprogesterone levels remained high. Genetic testing revealed no 21-hydroxylase deficiency. Laparoscopic adrenalectomy was performed with subsequent pathological report being compatible with an adrenal cortical adenoma. 17-hydroxyprogesterone, progesterone 21-deoxycortisol levels returned to the normal range postoperatively and the patient’s menstrual cycle normalized without additional medication. Steroid metabolites producing adenomas are also extremely rare with only a few cases found in patients without previous CAH diagnosis. When a patient with clinically and biochemically diagnosed NCCAH demonstrate no typical features and shows poor response to steroid therapy, the patient should receive multisteroid LC–MS/MS assay for glucocorticoids and androgens, adrenal and ovarian imaging and undergo CYP21A2 gene mutation analysis.

In modern society knowledge of Creative Pedagogy ensures high potential of educational activities and achievement of a high level of education quality. The education system is faced with the task of qualitatively preparing a modern graduate for further education and work. Solving this problem requires the search and implementation of new teaching methods, which are a meaningful component of Creative Pedagogy. Scientific works do not fully present a comprehensive analysis of Creative Pedagogy. They primarily reveal only some aspects related to the creativity of a teacher and the principles of organizing a creative environment. The weak theoretical development of the issue under consideration allowed us to formulate the following research problem: what are the essential characteristics of Creative Pedagogy? The purpose of the article is to substantiate theoretical approaches to the definition of “Creative Pedagogy”. Solving the stated goal required the use of theoretical research methods (analysis of scientific literature, synthesis of existing knowledge on the problem under study, generalization). The empirical basis of the study is represented by analytical materials and information resources on the Internet.The results of the research include 1) the concept of “Creative Pedagogy” is considered as an innovative direction of the new education paradigm; 2) the potential of Creative Pedagogy in educational activities has been revealed; 3) the pedagogical conditions for the creative orientation of pedagogical activity have been determined; 4) the basic principles of creating a creative educational environment have been outlined.Key findings: The study extends pedagogical theory toward understanding the content of Creative Pedagogy; the presented basic principles can be used by teachers when organizing a creative educational environment, and the proposed creative teaching methods can be used to stimulate the cognitive activity of students.