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Eleocharis elegans, a neotropical wetland sedge (Cyperaceae), is reported as new for the United States from a site in Hardee County, Florida. A number of factors suggest this represents a natural occurrence. We speculate that climate change-related factors such as increasingly frequent major storms offer the most logical explanation of its arrival in the United States.

Properties of the TRIUMF neutron beam (4A2) are presented and compared with a Monte Carlo prediction. The beam intensity profile, energy spectrum and polarization are predicted taking into account the beamline geometry, energy losses in the LD2 production target, the properties of the pd → npp reaction, and the scattering of neutrons from the collimator walls. The results allow for improved corrections to systematic errors in a number of TRIUMF neutron experiments.

TRIUMF experiment 497 has measured the parity violating longitudinal analyzing power, A_z, in pp elastic scattering at 221.3 MeV incident proton energy. This paper includes details of the corrections, some of magnitude comparable to A_z itself, required to arrive at the final result. The largest correction was for the effects of first moments of transverse polarization. The addition of the result, A_z=(0.84 \pm 0.29 (stat.) \pm 0.17 (syst.)) \times 10^{-7}, to the pp parity violation experimental data base greatly improves the experimental constraints on the weak meson-nucleon coupling constants h^{pp}_\rho and h^{pp}_\omega, and has implications for the interpretation of electron parity violation experiments., Comment: 17 pages RevTeX, 14 PostScript figures. Revised version with additions suggested by Phys. Rev. C

TRIUMF experiment E497 is a study of parity violation in pp scattering at an energy where the leading term in the analyzing power is expected to vanish, thus measuring a unique combination of weak-interaction flavour conserving terms. It is desired to reach a level of sensitivity of 2x10^-8 in both statistical and systematic errors. The leading systematic errors depend on transverse polarization components and, at least, the first moment of transverse polarization. A novel polarimeter that measures profiles of both transverse components of polarization as a function of position is described., 19 pages LaTeX, 10 PostScript figures. To appear in Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, Section A

Holography has been used successfully in combination with conventional optics for the first time in a large cryogenic bubble chamber, the 15-Foot Bubble Chamber at Fermilab, during a physics run. The innovative system combined the reference beam with the object beam, illuminating a conical volume of $\sim 1.4$~m$^3$. Bubble tracks from neutrino interactions with a width of $\sim 120\;\mu$m have been recorded with good contrast. The ratio of intensities of the object light to the reference light striking the film is called the Beam Branching Ratio. We obtained in our experiment an exceedingly small minimum-observable ratio of $(0.54 \pm 0.21) \times 10^{-7}$. The technology has the potential for a wide range of applications.

Measurements of parity-violating longitudinal analyzing powers (normalized asymmetries) in polarized proton-proton scattering provide a unique window on the interplay between the weak and strong interactions between and within hadrons. Several new proton-proton parity violation experiments are presently either being performed or are being prepared for execution in the near future: at TRIUMF at 221 MeV and 450 MeV and at COSY (Kernforschungsanlage Juelich) at 230 MeV and near 1.3 GeV. These experiments are intended to provide stringent constraints on the set of six effective weak meson-nucleon coupling constants, which characterize the weak interaction between hadrons in the energy domain where meson exchange models provide an appropriate description. The 221 MeV is unique in that it selects a single transition amplitude (3P2-1D2) and consequently constrains the weak meson-nucleon coupling constant h_rho{pp}. The TRIUMF 221 MeV proton-proton parity violation experiment is described in some detail. A preliminary result for the longitudinal analyzing power is Az = (1.1 +/-0.4 +/-0.4) x 10^-7. Further proton-proton parity violation experiments are commented on. The anomaly at 6 GeV/c requires that a new multi-GeV proton-proton parity violation experiment be performed., Comment: 13 Pages LaTeX, 5 PostScript figures, uses espcrc1.sty. Invited talk at QULEN97, International Conference on Quark Lepton Nuclear Physics -- Nonperturbative QCD Hadron Physics & Electroweak Nuclear Processes --, Osaka, Japan May 20--23, 1997

TRIUMF Experiment 369, a measurement of charge symmetry breaking in np elastic scattering at 350 MeV, has completed data taking. Scattering asymmetries were measured with a polarized (unpolarized) neutron beam incident on an unpolarized (polarized) frozen spin target. Coincident scattered neutrons and recoil protons were detected by a mirror symmetric detection system in the center‐of‐mass angle range from 50°–90°. A preliminary result for the difference of the zero‐crossing angles, where analyzing powers cross zero, is Δθcm =0.445°±0.054°(stat.)±0.051°(syst.) based on fits over the angle range 53.4°≤θcm≤86.9°. The difference of the analyzing powers ΔA≡An−Ap, where the subscripts denote polarized nucleons, was deduced with dA/dθcm=(−1.35±0.05)×10−2 deg−1 to be [60±7(stat.)±7(syst.)±2(syst.)] ×10−4.

The zero point of the analyzing power for neutron‐proton scattering has been measured as a function of scattering angle for 4 incident neutron energies, 174.3, 202.4, 216.5, and 260.3 MeV. The accuracy is ±0.25°. (AIP)

From an exposure of the Fermilab 15-foot bubble chamber to the Tevatron quadrupole triplet neutrino beam, we have determined the ratio of neutral-current (NC) to charged-current (CC) interactions to be 0.288{plus minus}0.032 for events with visible hadron momentum above 10 GeV/{ital c}. The mean {nu}({bar {nu}}) event energy is 150 (110) GeV, which is higher than that for any previous beam. This result agrees with those from previous experiments at lower energies. The NC/CC ratio is derived for a combined sample of {nu} and {bar {nu}} events. A value of 0.274{plus minus}0.038 is obtained for the dominant {nu} component assuming {bar {nu}} NC/CC=0.39{plus minus}0.08. For events with visible hadron momentum above 25 GeV/{ital c}, where the neutral hadron contamination remaining in the NC sample is assumed to be negligible, the combined NC/CC is 0.323{plus minus}0.025 and the {ital K}{sup 0} production rates are 0.375{plus minus}0.064 per CC and 0.322{plus minus}0.073 per NC event. The corresponding {Lambda} rates are 0.161{plus minus}0.030 per CC and 0.113{plus minus}0.030 per NC event. The {ital K}{sup 0} and {Lambda} distributions of the fractional hadron energy variable {ital z} in NC events are consistent with those in CC events.

The department is the basic operating unit in academe. It is where faculty function and the unit with which students, alumni, and clientele groups identify. Characteristics and responsibilities of effective departmental administrative officers, as well as college administrators’ expectations of and working relationships with them, are discussed.

Eleven papers were compared for absorption of whey and for digestibility in vitro. Papers were squared, ground, and soaked in whey for 1,5, and 15 min and for 1, 6, 24, 48, and 72 h. Digestibility in vitro was determined on minimum and maximum whey absorption of each squared and ground paper sample. Whey absorption by squared papers increased with time. Ground samples absorbed more whey than squared ones and maximum quantities were absorbed within 1 to 5 min. Mean percent absorptions for ground telephone book covers, glossy magazines, computer cards, computer printout sheets, daily newsprint, telephone directory yellow pages, cardboard box, feedsacks, brown bags, telephone directory white pages, and coasters were: 31.0, 35.2, 35.4, 36.5, 43.9, 47.9, 51.0, 51.4, 51.7, 55.6, and 67.4. For seven papers, addition of whey increased digestibility. Four papers were either unchanged or decreased in digestibility. This depression of digestibility may have resulted from the high fat content of whey used. Based on in vitro digestibilities, we conclude that it is possible to recycle selected paper/whey combinations through ruminants.

A 120-day continuous study was conducted to determine effects of frequency of feeding a blended corn silage-concentrate ration containing a pelleted urea-alfalfa combination on 20 lactating Holstein cows. Cows were randomly assigned to two treatment groups of 10 each and fed individually in a tie-stall barn. One group was fed twice and the other four times daily. Average daily fat-corrected milk production, milk fat, solids-not-fat, milk protein, body weight, and dry matter intake by treatments were: twice daily feeding) 18.71kg, 3.60%, 10.07%, 3.52%, 608.0kg, and 16.0; and four times) 17.46kg, 3.51%, 9.82%, 3.44%, 621.2kg, and 14.49kg. Analysis of covariance with data of the previous week as the covariate indicated no significant differences (P>.05) for daily fat-corrected milk production, milk composition, body weight, and ration intake. No significant differences (P>.05) were found in blood urea nitrogen, blood ammonia, urinary urea nitrogen, urine volume, urinary nitrogen, creatinine, and urinary amino acids. These results indicate that feeding four times daily had no additional benefit over twice daily feeding of a blended corn silage-concentrate ration containing a pelleted urea-alfalfa supplement.

In studies with 21 lactating Guernsey cows, the effect of increased frequency of feeding on various production characteristics was reflected in trends of increasing pounds of milk production, pounds of 4% FCM, pounds and per cent of milk fat, pounds of solids-not-fat, and pounds of total solids daily per cow. Feeding interval had no effect on body weights. Increased frequency of feeding resulted in more total feed intake and a decreasing amplitude in the daily fecal chromium oxide excretion curve. When fed two, four, or seven times daily, the digestibility of dry matter was 51.59, 55.52, and 55.10%, respectively.

Four fistulated and catheterized (coccygeal artery and jugular vein) Holstein steers consuming a pelleted high concentrate diet were subjected to cool (12.8C and 30% relative humidity) and hot (35C and 25% relative humidity) treatments for 3 weeks. Ruminal fluid, arterial and venous blood samples were collected prior to feeding and up to 7 hours thereafter during the final 2 days of each treatment. Samples were analyzed for volatile fatty acids and lactic acid. The hot environment was associated with decreased feed intake and increased rectal temperature and respiration rate. Ruminal and arterial total volatile fatty acids peaked earlier in the hot environment and declined at a slower rate with time postfeeding. Acetate was the major metabolite responsible for the difference. Increased ruminal lactate occurred earlier in the hot treatment. Venous volatile fatty acid peaks in hot were relatively smaller than in the cool treatment, suggesting a greater volatile acid metabolism and utilization from arterial blood in the hot temperatures. Relationships between eating a meal and blood metabolite are shown by these data. The effect of volatile fatty acids and lactic acid may be different in hot than in cool ambient temperatures.

Results are reported on K − -neutron interactions at c.m. energies near 2 GeV. The interactions are dominated by strong production of hyperon resonances, particularly Σ(1385), Λ(1405) and Λ(1520). Production cross sections and angular distributions are given for the Σ(1385), Λ(1405) and Λ(1520) and branching fractions to decay modes observed in the experiment are given for Σ(1385) and Λ(1520). The strong energy dependence of some features of the data suggests that s -channel effects are dominant.

Results are presented for a partial wave analysis of the reaction K − n → π − Λ covering a range of c.m. energies from 1900 to 2100 MeV. The events used were obtained from interactions of the type K − n → π − Λp s . The analysis was performed both for a sample of events where p s , the spectator proton from the deuteron, was seen, and for all events. Good agreement was found between the two sets of results. Values of the resonance parameters of the Σ(2030) were determined, and some evidence was found supporting the existence of the F5 Σ(1915). In addition, the P3 amplitude was found to be rapidly changing near 2100 MeV, consistent with a resonance in this wave at 2080 MeV.

Fifteen lactating Holstein cows in a 3×3 Latin square experiment determined effects of ground newspaper in the diet. Test components of the rations were: A) 20% cottonseed hulls; B) 10% paper and 10% cottonseed hulls; C) 20% paper. All animals received 2.3kg of long alfalfa hay daily. Proximate analysis and gross energy determinations indicated that the paper rations contained more crude fiber, ether extract, and gross energy and less crude protein and ash. Ink in the paper apparently caused higher gross energy values and probably increased ether extract. Estimates of dry matter digestibility by an in vitro technique were not significantly different being 77.4, 77.4, and 77.5 for the control, 10% paper, and 20% paper rations. Average daily ration intakes were significantly different among rations with intakes of 21.5, 17.0, and 12.5kg per day for the control, 10% paper, and 20% paper. Paper at 20% of the ration significantly lowered actual milk yields but did not significantly lower fat-corrected milk yield during the six weeks. Average daily fat-corrected milk yields for control, 10% paper, and 20% paper treatments were 15.9, 16.9, and 16.3kg. Milk fat percentages were 2.6, 3.1, and 3.4 with significant differences between treatments. Milk protein and solids-not-fat were not significantly different; however, there was an inverse linear response between treatment and milk protein percentage. There were small differences in ruminal volatile fatty acids with a significantly lower pH for the 20% paper compared with the control. Paper at 10% in the ration would maintain milk fat percentage without reducing actual milk production during six weeks.

Summary Forty Guernsey heifers were utilized in multiple-feeding studies with resulting data showing significantly greater (14.4%) body weight gain in heifers fed six times (6×) than those fed twice (2×) daily. No significant difference was observed in wither heights when fed 2× or 6× daily or when the primary grain nitrogen source was from urea or soybean oil meal. There was a significant decrease (11.8%) in estimated Total Digestible Nutrients (TDN) required per pound of body weight gain resulting from 6× feeding as compared to 2× daily feeding. No statistical difference in growth and feed efficiency was observed among heifers fed protein and urea nitrogen when the urea nitrogen ration was fed 6× daily; however, there was a statistically significant (P

Experimental and modeling activities were performed to assess techniques for measurement and prediction of distribution coefficients for aromatic solutes between water and immiscible organic solvents. Experiments were performed to measure distribution coefficients in both clean water and wastewater systems, and to assess treatment of a wastewater by solvent extraction. The theoretical portions of this investigation were directed towards development of techniques for prediction of solute-solvent/water distribution coefficients. Experiments were performed to assess treatment of a phenolic-laden coal conversion wastewater by solvent extraction. The results showed that solvent extraction for recovery of phenolic material offered several wastewater processing advantages. Distribution coefficients were measured in clean water and wastewater systems for aromatic solutes of varying functionality with different solvent types. It was found that distribution coefficients for these compounds in clean water systems were not statistically different from distribution coefficients determined in a complex coal conversion process wastewater. These and other aromatic solute distribution coefficient data were employed for evaluation of modeling techniques for prediction of solute-solvent/water distribution coefficients. Eight solvents were selected in order to represent various chemical classes: toluene and benzene (aromatics), hexane and heptane (alkanes), n-octanol (alcohols), n-butyl acetate (esters), diisopropyl ether (ethers), and methylisobutyl ketone (ketones). The aromaticmore » solutes included: nonpolar compounds such as benzene, toluene and naphthalene, phenolic compounds such as phenol, cresol and catechol, nitrogenous aromatics such as aniline, pyridine and aminonaphthalene, and other aromatic solutes such as naphthol, quinolinol and halogenated compounds. 100 references, 20 figures, 34 tables.« less

In vitro dry matter disappearances were determined for 11 paper sources and three complete rations containing 0, 10, and 20% newsprint. Inoculum was from an alfalfa hay-fed steer. Alfalfa hay, brome hay, and Solka Floc were reference substrates. Brown wrapping paper and brown cardboard had the highest dry matter disappearances of 90.8 and 77.8%; whereas four glossy or slick magazine papers had significantly lower values of 46.1, 45.1, 41.3, and 41.0%. Newsprint with black ink, without ink, and with colored inks had dry matter disappearances of 33.2, 32.6, and 26.5%, which were significantly lower than those of the glossy magazine papers. Lowest dry matter disappearances of 24.0 and 20.1% were from two magazine papers. The complete rations had 77.9, 80.1, and 81.8% dry matter disappearances for the 0, 10 and 20% paper rations. These data indicate substantial differences in digestibilities of various paper sources.

The blood urea nitrogen of 236 Guernsey cows was measured in each quarter for 2 yr. The 12-month mean was 11.83mg per 100ml blood plasma (range-2.9 to 22.4). Seasonal changes showed a significant (P

Sensory testing revealed that 10 and 20% newsprint in the rations of cows had no significant effect on flavor of milk. However, significant inherent differences were observed in the flavor of milk from groups of matched cows.