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The field of whole genomic studies and investigations is currently focused on change-point detection. Over time, various segmentation techniques have been proposed to identify these change points. To effectively locate segments within a genome, it is helpful to pinpoint the intervals or boundaries between them, which are known as change points. By treating these change points as outliers, they can be identified. The anomalies or outliers in a dataset are the observations which are significantly different from the rest of the observations. They can be attributed to some measurement errors or properties of the data themselves. Studying the fluctuations over different segments also revealed the heterogeneity between consecutive segments. In this paper, anomaly identification approach or influential point detection has been discussed and studied in cow genome data of chromosome 25. Furthermore, the observed anomalies have been confirmed to determine whether or not they are true change points. The two-step technique resulted in the identification of change sites based on observed abnormalities and is efficient in terms of calculation time and cost. This study aims to detect any anomalies in genomic data and determine the exact points at which the data segment significantly differed from the rest of the segments. We have developed relevant R codes for data processing and applied methodologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rotatable designs that are available for process/ product optimization trials are mostly symmetric in nature. In many practical situations, response surface designs (RSDs) with mixed factor (unequal) levels are more suitable as these designs explore more regions in the design space but it is hard to get rotatable designs with a given level of asymmetry. When experimenting with unequal factor levels via asymmetric second order rotatable design (ASORDs), the lack of fit of the model may become significant which ultimately leads to the estimation of parameters based on a higher (or third) order model. Experimenting with a new third order rotatable design (TORD) in such a situation would be expensive as the responses observed from the first stage runs would be kept underutilized. In this paper, we propose a method of constructing asymmetric TORD by sequentially augmenting some additional points to the ASORDs without discarding the runs in the first stage. The proposed designs will be more economical to obtain the optimum response as the design in the first stage can be used to fit the second order model and with some additional runs, third order model can be fitted without discarding the initial design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The estimation of dynamically evolving ellipsoids from noisy lower-dimensional projections is examined. In particular, this work describes a model-based approach using geometric reconstruction and recursive estimation techniques to obtain a dynamic estimate of left-ventricular ejection fraction from a gated set of planar myocardial perfusion images. The proposed approach differs from current ejection fraction estimation techniques both in the imaging modality used and in the subsequent processing which yields a dynamic ejection fraction estimate. For this work, the left ventricle is modeled as a dynamically evolving three-dimensional (3-D) ellipsoid. The left-ventricular outline observed in the myocardial perfusion images is then modeled as a dynamic, two-dimensional (2-D) ellipsoid, obtained as the projection of the former 3-D ellipsoid. This data is processed in two ways: first, as a 3-D dynamic ellipsoid reconstruction problem; second, each view is considered as a 2-D dynamic ellipse estimation problem and then the 3-D ejection fraction is obtained by combining the effective 2-D ejection fractions of each view. The approximating ellipsoids are reconstructed using a Rauch-Tung-Striebel smoothing filter, which produces an ejection fraction estimate that is more robust to noise since it is based on the entire data set; in contrast, traditional ejection fraction estimates are based only on two frames of data. Further, numerical studies of the sensitivity of this approach to unknown dynamics and projection geometry are presented, providing a rational basis for specifying system parameters. This investigation includes estimation of ejection fraction from both simulated and real data.

Three-way crossbreeding has been a major tool for the development of present day commercial breeds. The hybrids thus produced are more stable and they exhibit individual as well as population buffering mechanism because of the broad genetic base. Here, 2 methods of constructing designs for breeding trials involving complete/ partial three-way crosses were developed. Among these, first method is based on mutually orthogonal Latin squares, which yield three-way crosses arranged in blocks. The other method is derived from two-associate class partially balanced incomplete block designs. The efficiency factor in terms of information per cross pertaining to general combining ability effects of half parents as well as full parents in comparison to a complete triallel cross plan, assuming the error variance to be same for both the plans, was computed. All these designs have a good efficiency. Parameters of the designs constructed are listed together with the efficiency factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on a study that was aimed at comparing the properties of various lactation curve models in Karan Fries cattle of India. Polynomial regression function (PRF) was cited as the best fit model for predicting both weekly and monthly test day milk yield of first lactation in Karan Fries cows. It says the best model of lactation curve was developed using a total of 11,970 monthly test day records of first lactation in these cows.