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Malaria is one of the serious health concerns worldwide as it remains a clinical challenge due to the complex life cycle of the malaria parasite and the morphological changes it undergoes during infection. The malaria parasite multiplies rapidly and spreads in the population by changing its alternative hosts. These various morphological stages of the parasite in the human host cause clinical symptoms (anemia, fever, and coma). These symptoms arise due to the preprogrammed biology of the parasite in response to the human pathophysiological response. Thus, complete elimination becomes one of the major health challenges. Although malaria vaccine(s) are available in the market, they still it contains to cause high morbidity and mortality. Therefore, an approach for eradication is needed through the exploration of novel molecular targets by tracking the epidemiological changes the parasite adopts. This review focuses on the various novel molecular targets.

Aquatic regimes are exposed to a variety of pollutants that are mainly released by anthropogenic activities. Mercuric chloride (HgCl2) pose serious hazards to freshwater fish resource for its toxicity and long persistence. It is also a threat to humans who consume fish as a food resource. This study aimed to determine the consequences of acute exposure to HgCl2 in the freshwater food fish Channa punctatus (Bloch, 1973). The acute study of 96 hours was composed of three groups (in triplicates), having ten fish in each group which includes group I (control), group II (0.112 mg/l of HgCl2) and group III (0.224 mg/l of HgCl2). Results showed induction in reactive oxygen species (ROS) level in erythrocytes of group III (22159 ± 258.036). The biomarkers of oxidative stress, glutathione reduced (GSH) and lipid peroxidase (LPO) showed significant (p < 0.05) decrement and increment in their activity, respectively, in gills, liver, kidney and muscle tissues of the fish treated with HgCl2. Further, micronuclei (MN) and nuclear abnormalities (NAs) were formed in the erythrocytes of the fish of groups II and III, revealing DNA damage, hence showing genotoxicity. Histopathological studies in sample tissues of HgCl2 treated group demonstrated irreversible tissue injuries and anomalies. Thus, the findings from the study demonstrate that biological stress is induced in fish because of acute exposure to HgCl2, leading to health impairment

RNA editing modifies transcripts and may alter their regulation or function. In humans, the most common modification is adenosine to inosine (A-to-I). We examined the global characteristics of RNA editing in 4,301 human tissue samples. More than 1.6 million A-to-I edits were identified in 62% of all protein-coding transcripts. mRNA recoding was extremely rare; only 11 novel recoding sites were uncovered. Thirty single nucleotide polymorphisms from genome-wide association studies were associated with RNA editing; one that influences type 2 diabetes (rs2028299) was associated with editing in ARPIN. Twenty-five genes, including LRP11 and PLIN5, had editing sites that were associated with plasma lipid levels. Our findings provide new insights into the genetic regulation of RNA editing and establish a rich catalogue for further exploration of this process.

Recent surveys conducted in the field of Power Control and Engineering show that photovoltaic (PV) systems are currently being discussed worldwide and research on the same is being carried globally. It is necessary to optimize the expanding use of photovoltaic systems through error detection in Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) systems. Through this paper, an attempt is made to develop an efficient photovoltaic MPPT system using hybrid fuzzy technique to extract maximum power under a multivariable environment (changing temperature and irradiance). The MPPT system using Hybrid Controller (combining PID & FLC) has an increased efficiency and optimized output in comparison to the MPPT system using PID and Fuzzy individually. The system has explored a concept of computing academic performance indices with three MPPT models for future research based on global MPP calculation. Citation: Sharma, C., and Jain, A. (2018). Comparison of MPPT Systems in Error Optimization using PID, Fuzzy and Hybrid Fuzzy in Multivariable Environment. Trends in Renewable Energy, 4, 8-21. DOI: 10.17737/tre.2018.4.3.0046