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5 results on '"Jeanne Louw"'

1. Economic and Environmental Comparison of the Monosodium Glutamate (MSG) Production Processes from A-Molasses in an Integrated Sugarcane Biorefinery

Author

Abdul M. Petersen, Jeanne Louw, and Johann F. Görgens

Subjects
Chemical engineering, TP155-156
Abstract

Due to unfavourable market conditions, the sugar industry is looking to diversify its product portfolio by producing economically feasible and environmentally sustainable products in addition to crystalline sugar. The production of monosodium glutamate (MSG) from sugar is a well-established commercial process, and a new local production facility could be a potential low-risk diversification option for the South African sugar industry. While the consumption of MSG has been a controversial topic due to possible negative health effects, the global market, especially in developing and sugar-producing countries such as China, Indonesia, and Vietnam is growing at a cumulative annual growth rate (CAGR) of 6.2%. In this study, the economic feasibility and environmental sustainability performance of the production of monosodium glutamate (MSG) from A-molasses in a biorefinery annexed to a typical sugar mill are assessed. Five different process scenarios were investigated, including three indirect (two-pot) processing routes through glutamic acid fermentation and two one-pot conversion scenarios. The indirect scenarios include the conventional route with fertiliser as a byproduct; second, the conventional route with fertiliser and animal feed as byproducts; and third, a state-of-the-art membrane-assisted nanofiltration method with animal feed and fertiliser as byproducts. The one-pot scenarios include syrup being sold as a byproduct or syrup being recycled back to the fermenter. The three indirect process scenarios resulted in the highest minimum selling price (MSP) of approximately 1.8 US$/kg and the highest greenhouse gas (GHG) emission potential of around 0.64 kgCO2/kgMSG. Development of a more direct (one-pot) conversion process can reduce the MSP to 1.6 US$/kg, which is close to the current market price and reduce the GHG emissions to 0.55 kgCO2/kgMSG, if the fermentation microbe can convert sugars to glutamate efficiently in the presence of high sodium ion concentrations.

Published
2024
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3. Emphysema in young adult survivors of moderate-to-severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia

Author

Patrick Wong, A N Lees, Andrew Wilson, Daniel C. Chambers, N. French, Conor Murray, K Gain, F Y Lee, and Jeanne Louw

Subjects
Adult, Lung Diseases, Male, Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine, medicine.medical_specialty, Pediatrics, Vital capacity, Time Factors, Adolescent, Population, Pilot Projects, Pulmonary function testing, Surface-Active Agents, Surveys and Questionnaires, Diffusing capacity, medicine, Humans, Young adult, education, Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia, education.field_of_study, Lung, business.industry, Respiratory disease, Infant, Newborn, medicine.disease, Surgery, medicine.anatomical_structure, Pulmonary Emphysema, Bronchopulmonary dysplasia, Female, Tomography, X-Ray Computed, business
Abstract

Improved survival following extreme preterm birth complicated by bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is resulting in an increasing number of affected infants surviving to adulthood. The aim of the present pilot study was to describe the functional and structural pulmonary sequelae of moderate and severe BPD in a population of adult survivors. All babies were cared for at one institution (King Edward Memorial Hospital, Subiaco, Australia). Subjects born between 1980 and 1987 with birthweight

Published
2008

4. Prevalence of HIV among women entering labor who accepted or declined voluntary counseling and testing

Author

Robert Maupin, Gerhard Theron, D. Heather Watts, Russell B. Van Dyke, Linda M. Styer, David Shapiro, Jeanne Louw, Mae Cababasay, and Marc Bulterys

Subjects
Voluntary Programs, Voluntary counseling and testing, Population, Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), HIV Infections, medicine.disease_cause, Article, South Africa, Nursing, Pregnancy, Seroepidemiologic Studies, Prevalence, Humans, Medicine, Childbirth, Seroprevalence, Prospective Studies, Pregnancy Complications, Infectious, education, Prospective cohort study, education.field_of_study, business.industry, virus diseases, Obstetrics and Gynecology, General Medicine, medicine.disease, Female, business, Developed country, Demography
Abstract

To assess whether there was a difference in HIV seroprevalence between eligible women who declined and those who agreed to participate in a study of voluntary counseling and testing among women entering labor with unknown HIV status in South Africa.Anonymous cord blood specimens were collected-as dried blood spots-from all women approached for participation in a cluster-randomized trial. No patient identifiers were included on the cord blood specimens. The dried blood spots were analyzed for HIV antibody via enzyme immunoassay and western blotting.Of 7238 women screened for study participation, 1041 (14.4%) had undocumented HIV status; of these women, 542 were eligible for inclusion and 343 enrolled. Based on 513 evaluable samples, the overall seroprevalence was 13.3% (95% confidence interval [CI], 10.4-16.5), which was similar to the 13.1% (95% CI, 9.7-17.2) seroprevalence among the 343 enrolled women.Seroprevalence among eligible women was similar to that among enrolled women, which indicates that study participation did not select for a group with an HIV seroprevalence substantially different from that among women who declined to enroll.

Published
2012

5. Rapid intrapartum or postpartum HIV testing at a midwife obstetric unit and a district hospital in South Africa

Author

Gerhard Theron, Mae Cababasay, Elizabeth Smith, David Shapiro, Jeanne Louw, Robert Maupin, D. Heather Watts, Marc Bulterys, and Russell B. Van Dyke

Subjects
Program evaluation, Adult, endocrine system, medicine.medical_specialty, Nevirapine, Time Factors, Adolescent, Anti-HIV Agents, Voluntary counseling and testing, Population, Developing country, HIV Infections, Midwifery, behavioral disciplines and activities, Article, Unit (housing), South Africa, Young Adult, fluids and secretions, Nursing, Pregnancy, HIV Seropositivity, Childbirth, Medicine, Cluster Analysis, Humans, Mass Screening, Prospective Studies, Pregnancy Complications, Infectious, education, reproductive and urinary physiology, education.field_of_study, business.industry, Obstetrics, Postpartum Period, virus diseases, Obstetrics and Gynecology, General Medicine, Patient Acceptance of Health Care, medicine.disease, Hospitals, District, Feasibility Studies, Female, business, medicine.drug
Abstract

To compare the prepartum and postpartum feasibility and acceptance of voluntary counseling and rapid testing (VCT) among women with unknown HIV status in South Africa.Eligible women were randomized according to the calendar week of presentation to receive VCT either while in labor or after delivery.Of 7238 women approached, 542 (7.5%) were eligible, 343 (63%) were enrolled, and 45 (13%) were found to be HIV infected. The proportions of eligible women who accepted VCT were 66.8% (161 of 241) in the intrapartum arm and 60.5% (182 of 301) in the postpartum arm, and the difference of 6.3% (95% CI, -1.8% to 14.5%) was not significant. The median times (44 and 45 minutes) required to conduct VCT were also similar in the 2 arms. In the intrapartum arm, all women in true labor received their test results before delivery and all those found to be HIV positive accepted prophylaxis with nevirapine before delivery.Rapid testing in labor wards for women with an unknown HIV status is feasible and well accepted, and allows for a more timely antiretroviral prophylaxis than postpartum testing.

Published
2010

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