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Purpose: we used the real-world data of Chinese patients to describe clinicopathological characteristics of patients with breast cancer brain metastases (BCBM) and to investigate survival after diagnosis of brain metastases (BM). Methods: The clinicopathological characteristics of 700 patients with BCBM at the fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital between 2003 and 2021 were retrospectively reviewed. Information was collected from the electronic medical records, including patient demographics, tumor characteristics, and dates of diagnosis of original breast carcinoma and subsequent metastases. Sites and number of metastatic lesions were also recorded, along with data on treatments and outcomes. The prognostic and predictive effects of these clinicopathological variables in BCBM were analyzed. Results: The median age at diagnosis of primary breast cancer was 44 years (range, 22-80 years) and all patients were female. Among the 700 patients with BCBM, 30.0%, 49.7%, 18.9%, 1.4% had Luminal, HER2 positive, triple-negative and unknown subtypes, respectively. Based on available clinical information, the proportions of extracranial metastasis at diagnosis included bone (63.7%), lymph nodes (61.6%), lung (55.1%), liver (50.1%), the soft tissues of the thoracic wall (26.1%) and bone marrow (4.9%).The median time from the diagnosis of breast cancer to the development of BM was 52.0 months [95% confidence interval (CI), 44.3-59.7], 36.0 months (95%CI, 31.9-40.1), and 29.0 months (95%CI, 22.4-35.6) for patients with Luminal, HER2 positive and triple-negative, respectively (p Table 1.patient characteristics (n=700)Parametern (%)Mean age, y, at diagnosis (range)44(22-80)Stage at initial diagnosis of cancerI89(12.7)II342(48.9)III167(23.9)IV69(9.9)unknown33(4.7)Molecular subtypesLuminal A/B211(30.0)HER2-positive347(49.7)TNBC132(18.9)Unknown10(1.4)Site of first metastasisBrain128(18.3)Others572(81.7)Number of BM at time of BM diagnosis1189(27.0)248(6.9)≥3454(64.9)Unknown9(1.3)Visceral metastases at diagnosis of BMliver351(50.1)lung386(55.1)bone446(63.7)lymph nodes431(61.6)the soft tissues of the thoracic wall183(26.1)bone marrow34(4.9) Citation Format: Tao Wang, Huiqiang Zhang, Feng Li, Xia Wu, Jinmei Zhou, Shao hua Zhang, Li Bian, Ze fei Jiang. The real word study on clinical features and prognostic factors of Chinese breast cancer patients with brain metastasis [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2021 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2021 Dec 7-10; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P1-21-04.

At present, local therapy, such as surgery and radiotherapy, is the mainstay treatment for brain metastasis and anti-human epidermal growth factor receptor type 2 (HER2)-targeted therapy has been shown to be efficacious for HER2This retrospective, observational study collected data from 79 HER2The intracranial ORRs were 48.6% in Group A and 20.5% (9/44) in Group B (P=0.015). The intracranial CBRs were 80.0% in Group A and 65.9% in Group B. The median intracranial PFS times (IC-PFS) were 15.0 months and 9.0 months in Group A and Group B, respectively (P=0.385). There was no statistically significant difference in OS between the 2 groups (95.0Pyrotinib combined with radiotherapy is recommended for HER2

Background: Neoadjuvant therapy is a standard treatment for patients with large, nonmetastatic breast cancer and may allow breast-conserving surgery after tumor downsizing while decreasing the risk of subsequent relapse. Dynamic changes of circulation tumor cells (CTCs) have a role in predicting treatment efficacy of breast cancer. However, the relationship between CTC enumeration before neoadjuvant therapy and pathologic complete response rate is still uncertain.Methods: The study was exploratory. A total of 50 breast cancer patients were enrolled in a phase II clinical study of neoadjuvant therapy for HER-2-positive early breast cancer. They were enrolled for blood draws before and after neoadjuvant therapy. We used two methods (CellSearch and Tumor-Fisher) to detect tumor cells in bloodstream. We compared the sensitivity of the two CTC detection systems and investigated the correlation of the enumeration on baseline CTCs with the diagnosis, the prognosis, and the efficacy of the neoadjuvant therapy of the patients with HER-2-positive early breast cancer. We also explored the dynamic change of CTCs after the neoadjuvant therapy in enrolled patients. Results: The sensitivity of CTCs detection by the Tumor-Fisher (27/50) method was significantly higher than that of the CellSearch system (15/50, p=0.008). The CTC levels detected by the two detection systems were not significantly correlated with lymph node status, clinical stage, ki-67 level and hormone receptor status. Patients with ≥1 CTC before neoadjuvant therapy measured by the Tumor-Fisher system had a significant high pCR rate (74.1% vs. 39.1%, p = 0.013); However, CTC levels detected by the CellSearch system did not show a predictive value for pCR (73.3% vs. 51.4%, P = 0.15). Patients with a decrease in CTCs enumeration after neoadjuvant therapy were more likely to achieve pCR than those with no change or increase in CTCs enumeration (87.5% vs 50.0%, P = 0.015) by the Tumor-Fisher method, whereas no predictive effect on pCR by CellSearch system. Unfortunately, there was no predictive value of CTC enumeration for EFS before and after neoadjuvant therapy by two methods. Conclusions: Our study demonstrates that the new CTC detection method Tumor-Fisher system has a higher CTC detection rate in early breast cancer than the CellSearch system, and shows the opportunity of CTC enumeration as a novel assistant biomarker to predict the response of neoadjuvant therapy in patients with HER-2-positive early breast cancer.

Rationale: Breast cancer has become the leading cause of cancer mortality in women. Although immune checkpoint inhibitors targeting programmed death-1 (PD-1) are promising, it remains unclear whether PD-L1 expression on circulating tumor cells (CTCs) has predictive and prognostic values in predict and stratify metastatic breast cancer (MBC) patients who can benefit from anti-PD-1 immunotherapy. Methods: Twenty six MBC patients that received anti-PD-1 immunotherapy were enrolled in this study. The peptide-based Pep@MNPs method was used to isolate and enumerate CTCs from 2.0 ml of peripheral venous blood. The expression of PD-L1 on CTCs was evaluated by an established immunoscoring system categorizing into four classes (negative, low, medium, and high). Results: Our data showed that 92.3% (24/26) of patients had CTCs, 83.3% (20/26) of patients had PD-L1-positive CTCs, and 65.4% (17/26) of patients had PD-L1-high CTCs. We revealed that the clinical benefit rate (CBR) of patients with a cut-off value of ≥ 35% PD-L1-high CTCs (66.6%) was higher than the others (29.4%). We indicated that PD-L1 expression on CTCs from MBC patients treated with anti-PD-1 monotherapy was dynamic. We demonstrated that MBC patients with a cut-off value of ≥ 35% PD-L1-high CTCs had longer PFS (P< 0.05) and OS (P< 0.01) compared with patients with a cut-off value of < 35% PD-L1-high CTCs. Conclusion: Our findings suggested that PD-L1 expression on CTCs could predict the therapeutic response and clinical outcomes, providing a valuable predictive and prognostic biomarker for patients treated with anti-PD-1 immunotherapy. Citation Format: Ying Zhou, Jinmei Zhou, Haoyuan Shi, Zhiyuan Hu, Yanlian Yang, Zefei Jiang, Tao Wang. Prognostic relevance of PD-L1 expression on circulating tumor cells in metastatic breast cancer patients treated with anti-PD-1 immunotherapy [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2022 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2022 Dec 6-10; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(5 Suppl):Abstract nr P5-02-12.

Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is one of the safe and effective treatments of colorectal cancer with liver metastasis, which has the advantages of minimally invasive, fewer complications, short hospitalization time and repeatable operation. A special case with advanced transverse colon carcinoma was treated by RFA in our center. All the procedures were performed, which were recommended by the guideline. An intestinal perforation occurred on the second day after the RFA, then surgeon performed emergency surgery, unfortunately, anastomotic leakage occurred on the 21st day after the operation, yet after conservative medical treatment, the patient achieved remission of symptoms and discharged from the hospital. Rare complications occurred after RFA in the treatment of colorectal cancer with liver metastasis are unpredictable, which could affect the efficacy of RFA and performance status of patients. Further investigation of the mechanism of these complications is warranted urgently, which might offer more effective methods against these rare complications.

Today, a large number of targets operate in space, and there are mainly four kinds of attitude targets: triaxial stabilized targets, spin stabilized targets, triaxial stabilized targets on tumbling, and spin stabilized targets on tumbling. It is of great significance to classify and identify these targets. First, the infrared radiation characteristic model of the target is established, taking different attitude targets into account, which, to the best of our knowledge, has seldom been considered. Then, through the simulation of specific example targets, the differences in infrared characteristics of four kinds of attitude targets are analyzed and explained. Finally, according to the orbit distribution and typical geometry structure of space targets, the infrared characteristic data sets of four kinds of attitude targets are simulated, and a classifier is established to classify and recognize these targets. The results show that the infrared characteristics of different attitude targets are obviously different, and the classifier can successfully classify and recognize different attitude targets.

Satellite infrared spectra based on ground-based detector are affected by complex factors such as satellite surface temperature, solar radiation, observation angle, etc, whose change cannot be detected in external field experiment. Therefore, it is impossible to analyze what are the main factors that affect the satellite infrared spectra. At the same time, due to the lack of physical information about the satellites through the external field experiment, the validity and physical significance of retrieving features from satellite infrared spectrum cannot be explained. In view of the above problem, a method to model and analyze satellite thermal infrared spectra based on ground-based detector is proposed. It is a feasible research method to accurately establish satellite thermal infrared spectrum model based on the ground detection, then to analyze the simulated infrared spectrum data. Firstly, considering the solar radiation, earth radiation, detectable range of the satellite on the detector, observation angle, atmospheric attenuation, etc., the satellite thermal infrared spectrum model can be established more accurately. Then, taking FY-3 satellite for example, the physical and orbital parameters of the satellite are set up, and the 3−14\begin{document}${\text{μ}}{\rm m}$\end{document} infrared irradiance of the satellite on the pupil of the detector is calculated by using the model. Meanwhile, the main factors affecting the infrared spectrum of the satellite are analyzed. Finally, the equivalent temperature and equivalent area are extracted by fitting the satellite infrared spectrum with the Planck formula. And they are compared with the physical properties of the satellite. The results show that among the various factors, with the satellite’ movement, the change of the visible state of the satellite induced by the satellite’s movement is the main factor that affects the satellite infrared spectrum. The physical meanings of the equivalent temperature and equivalent area can also be explained effectively. The equivalent temperature is close to the temperatures of the solar panels, and their temperature difference is only about 15 K. The change of equivalent area is consistent with that of the satellite projected area. Moreover, it is also found that there is a large temperature difference between the solar panels and the body, which makes their infrared spectra obviously different. Therefore, it is hopeful to obtain the areas and temperatures of the solar panels and the body respectively. This research can make up for the shortcomings of the external field experiments and promote the monitoring and recognizing of satellites by ground-based infrared detectors.

We have investigated the spatial localization of enzymes that catalyze the sequential pathways of lignin biosynthesis in developing secondary xylem tissues of hybrid aspen (Populus sieboldii Miq. x Populus grandidentata Michx.) using immunohistochemical techniques. The enzymes phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, caffeic acid 3-O-methyltransferase and 4-coumarate:CoA ligase in the common phenylpropanoid pathway, cinnamyl-alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD) and peroxidase in the specific lignin pathway, 3-deoxy-D-arabino-heptulosonate 7-phosphate synthase (DAHPS) in the shikimate pathway and glutamine synthetase (GS) in the nitrogen reassimilation system were abundantly localized in the 6th to 9th wood fibers away from cambium; these wood fibers are likely undergoing the most intense lignification. Only weak immunolabeling of enzymes involved in the general phenylpropanoid and specific lignin pathways was detected in the cells near the cambium; lignification of these cells has likely been initiated after primary cell wall formation. In contrast, distinct localization of DAHPS and GS was observed around the cambium, which may be involved not only in lignin biosynthesis, but also in amino acid and protein synthesis, which are essential for cell survival. Our observations suggest that co-localization of enzymes related to the sequential shikimate, general phenylpropanoid and specific lignin branch pathways and to the nitrogen recycling system is associated with cell wall lignification of wood fibers during secondary xylem development.

To evaluate the efficacy and safety of trastuzumab plus capecitabine as first-line therapy for HER-2-positive metastatic breast cancer patients who have previously received anthracyclines and taxanes.The patients who have HER-2-positive breast cancer recurrence and metastasis after treated by anthracyclines and taxanes were enrolled in this study. The patients received trastuzumab (6 mg/kg every 21 days following a loading dose of 8 mg/kg on cycle 1) and capecitabine (2 000 mg/m², days 1 to 14 every 21 days).38 patients were enrolled. The median PFS for trastuzumab plus capecitabine was 8.6 months. The objective response rate (ORR) was 31.6%. Clinical benefit rate (CBR) was 65.8%. The most serious adverse event was leucopenia in one patient. Relatively common hematology toxicity was grade I or II leucopenia and neutropenia. The most common nonhematologic toxicity was hand-foot syndrome (HFS), which observed in 8 patients (21%). The morbidity of grade II and III HFS were 8% and 3% respectively.Trastuzumab plus capecitabine is an effective and safe regimen as first-line treatment for HER-2-positive metastatic breast cancer patients whose cancer is resistant to treatment with anthracyclines and taxanes.

Cytoplasmic male sterile (CMS) plants were obtained by asymmetrical protoplast fusion between red cabbage (fertile) and normal radish (fertile). The CMS plants showed restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) patterns of mitochondrial (mt) DNA that were different from those of both parental lines. PCR analysis of mtDNA of the CMS plants and though Southern blot analysis showed that the mtDNA of the CMS line had the characteristics of the ogura CMS type. The results suggested that the orf138 gene and the ogura type atp6 gene are present in normal fertile cabbage and radish at a low copy level.

The difficulty in solving the shallow water equation lies in treating the advection terms. Therefore numerical simulation of advection term is the key to the numerical simulation of shallow water equation. In this paper, original CIP method, CIP-CSL2 method, CIP-CLSR1 method and first-order unwind scheme are adopted to treat the advection term.

It is an effective way for reclamation to expand our living space and improve our living environment, but with the reclamation construction more and more, it makes land and sea environments tremendous influence and destruction in recent years. In this paper, by using the numerical simulation methods, analyze the change of tidal current field after reclamation. During construction, utilizing MIKE21 software suspended sediment concentration field mathematical model to analyze the construction of suspended sediment concentration distribution, and then to study the impact on the surrounding waters reclamation suspended sediment. It concluded: This project will result of the marine environment to some extent in the construction, but this effect is temporary, after the construction, suspended sediment concentrations in the sedimentation gradually reduced pollution will disappear.

Citrus chimeras NFF (layer constitution:L1-L2-L3=NFF) and FNN (layer constitutionL1-L2-L3=FNN) were periclinal chimeras, produced by grafting of Citrus sinensis cv. Fukuhara orange (F) and C. natsudaiddai cv. Kawano natsudaidai(N). Some characters of F or N, such as the color of epicarp and juice sacs of fruits, developed independently in their chimeras, while other characteristics, including leaf size and stoma size, sugar content, acidity and size of the fruits in the chimeras displayed interactions between the two genetically different tissues, i.e., the `exogenous' epidermis (L1) in the chimeras imposed effect on the quantitative characters that were inner tissue derived or determined of making them oriented to those of its (L1) donor plant. So did the inner tissues to the L1-determined or derived traits. Cell displacement occurred during leaf development in the NFF chimera and cell replacement in both chimeras occurred during fruit development. Peroxidase analysis revealed that each donor plant had one unique band. The N-peroxidase band was stably detected in both chimeras. This band could thus be used as a reliable marker of N tissue in chimeric plants. No chimera specific isozyme band was detected. RAPD analysis, however, showed the presence of chimera specific bands besides the donor specific bands. This suggests that interactions between genotypically different cells caused variation(s) at the DNA level, and thus could be a source of genetic variation(s).

To evaluate the serum HER2 ECD level and its significance in advanced breast cancer patients with different molecular subtypes.A total of 322 advanced breast cancer patients were enrolled. The serum HER2 ECD concentrations were quantitatively detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA). Its relationship with clinicopathological characteristics and clinical significance were analyzed.It was found that 55.9% (19/34)Luminal A, 42.7% (44/103) Luminal B-HER2(-), 70.6% (60/85) Luminal B-HER2(+), 73.8% (45/61)HER2-enriched and 23.1% (9/39) triple-negative patients had serum concentrations of HER2 ECD at least 15 ng/ml respectively. The prevalence of elevated ECD level in patients of different molecular subtypes differed significantly (P0.001). Tissue HER2 status, number of metastatic sites, visceral metastasis, CA15-3 and carcinoembryonic antigen(CEA) levels exhibited statistically significant correlations with the prevalence of elevated serum HER2 ECD level. The serum concentrations of HER2 ECD decreased after effective targeted therapy in tissue HER2-positive patients.The prevalence of elevated serum levels of HER2 ECD differed significantly in advanced breast cancer patients with different molecular subtypes. The serum HER2 ECD level may reflect both histological HER2 status and tumor load. And the dynamic changes of ECD concentrations are somewhat correlated with the efficacies of targeted treatment.

Background: Circulating tumor cell (CTC) and serum HER2 ECD can all reflect an aggressive tumor behavior. We performed this prospective, monocenter, double-blinded study to investigate the potential clinical significance of combined detection of CTC and serum HER2 ECD for advanced breast cancer patients with histological HER2-positivity. Methods: A total of 88 eligible patients were enrolled in the present study from April 2012 to October 2013. We used Cell search system and ADVIA Centaur System to detect CTC and serum HER2 ECD respectively. Patients received systemic treatment according to national and international guidelines. Results: Twenty nine (33%) patients had ≥5 CTC, seventy three (83%) patients had serum HER2 ECD values of at least 15ng/ml, twenty seven (30.7%) patients had both elevated CTC and ECD values and fourteen (15.9%) patients had both normal CTC and ECD values. Patients with both normal CTC and serum HER2 ECD values exhibited a significantly longer median PFS than patients with both elevated values (9.0 months versus 2.8 months, p=0.023) and exhibited a trend toward longer PFS compared with patients with elevated CTC or ECD values (9.0 months versus 4.2 months, p=0.065), patients with both or one elevated values showed similar median PFS (2.8 months versus 4.2 months, p=0.211) (Figure1). Conclusions: The combined detection of CTC and serum HER2 ECD showed prognostic significance for HER-2 positive advanced breast cancer patients, patients with both normal values exhibited longer median PFS than others. Citation Format: Zefei Jiang, Jinmei Zhou, Tao Wang, Yi Liu, Lei Li, Huiqiang Zhang, Shaohua Zhang, Li Bian, Santai Song. The combined detection of CTC and serum HER2 ECD predict PFS for HER2-positive advanced breast cancer patients [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Thirty-Seventh Annual CTRC-AACR San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium: 2014 Dec 9-13; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(9 Suppl):Abstract nr P4-01-19.