Search

Gathering a large number of people in a shared physical area is very common in urban culture. Although there are limitless examples of mega crowds, the Islamic religious ritual, the Hajj, is considered as one of the greatest crowd scenarios in the world. The Hajj is carried out once in a year with a congregation of millions of people when the Muslims visit the holy city of Makkah at a given time and date. Such a big crowd is always prone to public safety issues, and therefore requires proper measures to ensure safe and comfortable arrangement. Through the advances in computer vision based scene understanding, automatic analysis of crowd scenes is gaining popularity. However, existing crowd analysis algorithms might not be able to correctly interpret the video content in the context of the Hajj. This is because the Hajj is a unique congregation of millions of people crowded in a small area, which can overwhelm the use of existing video and computer vision based sophisticated algorithms. Through our studies on crowd analysis, crowd counting, density estimation, and the Hajj crowd behavior, we faced the need of a review work to get a research direction for abnormal behavior analysis of Hajj pilgrims. Therefore, this review aims to summarize the research works relevant to the broader field of video analytics using deep learning with a special focus on the visual surveillance in the Hajj. The review identifies the challenges and leading-edge techniques of visual surveillance in general, which may gracefully be adaptable to the applications of Hajj and Umrah. The paper presents detailed reviews on existing techniques and approaches employed for crowd analysis from crowd videos, specifically the techniques that use deep learning in detecting abnormal behavior. These observations give us the impetus to undertake a painstaking yet exhilarating journey on crowd analysis, classification and detection of any abnormal movement of the Hajj pilgrims. Furthermore, because the Hajj pilgrimage is the most crowded domain for video-related extensive research activities, this study motivates us to critically analyze the crowd on a large scale.

This paper advances video analytics with a focus on crowd analysis for Hajj and Umrah pilgrimages. In recent years, there has been an increased interest in the advancement of video analytics and visible surveillance to improve the safety and security of pilgrims during their stay in Makkah. It is mainly because Hajj is an entirely special event that involve hundreds of thousands of people being clustered in a small area. This paper proposed a convolutional neural network (CNN) system for performing multitude analysis, in particular for crowd counting. In addition, it also proposes a new algorithm for applications in Hajj and Umrah. We create a new dataset based on the Hajj pilgrimage scenario in order to address this challenge. The proposed algorithm outperforms the state-of-the-art approach with a significant reduction of the mean absolute error (MAE) result: 240.0 (177.5 improvement) and the mean square error (MSE) result: 260.5 (280.1 improvement) when used with the latest dataset (HAJJ-Crowd dataset). We present density map and prediction of traditional approach in our novel HAJJ-crowd dataset for the purpose of evaluation with our proposed method.

Background: This paper focuses on advances in crowd control study with an emphasis on high-density crowds, particularly Hajj crowds. Video analysis and visual surveillance have been of increasing importance in order to enhance the safety and security of pilgrimages in Makkah, Saudi Arabia. Hajj is considered to be a particularly distinctive event, with hundreds of thousands of people gathering in a small space, which does not allow a precise analysis of video footage using advanced video and computer vision algorithms. This paper aims to propose an algorithm based on a Convolutional Neural Networks model specifically for Hajj applications. Additionally, the work introduces a system for counting and then estimating the crowd density. Methods: The model adopts an architecture which detects each person in the crowd, spots head location with a bounding box and does the counting in our own novel dataset (HAJJ-Crowd). Results: Our algorithm outperforms the state-of-the-art method, and attains a remarkable Mean Absolute Error result of 200 (average of 82.0 improvement) and Mean Square Error of 240 (average of 135.54 improvement). Conclusions: In our new HAJJ-Crowd dataset for evaluation and testing, we have a density map and prediction results of some standard methods.

This research was conducted because the majority religion in Wedung Village Wedung District Demak Regency is Islam. However, zakat is only prioritized to be given to religious leaders, so the poor are excluded. The purpose of this study was to determine the legal awareness of the coastal Muslim community regarding issuing zakat, and the factors that influence it. This type of research is empirical juridical with a qualitative approach. Primary data sources were obtained directly from interviews with informants in Wedung Village, and secondary data sources were obtained from relevant books and journals. All data or information obtained is then processed using descriptive data analysis techniques. The results of the research conclusions show that coastal communities in Wedung Village Wedung District Demak Regency have a good level of awareness in issuing zakat fitrah and maal every year because they consider issuing zakat as a religious obligation even though issuing zakat is not through LAZ and BAZNAS. Meanwhile, the factors that influence the formation of community awareness in Wedung Village to issue zakat are knowledge from madrasa benches, recitation assemblies, sermons, or lectures by clerics. Stages of change Legal awareness related to issuing zakat is manifested in the form of choices, actions, goals, and utilization of the local community.Urgensi Penelitian ini dilakukan karena agama mayoritas di Desa Wedung Kecamatan Wedung Kabupaten Demak adalah Islam. Namun demikian, zakat hanya diutamakan diberikan kepada tokoh agama, sehingga orang-orang miskin dikesampingkan. Tujuan Penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kesadaran hukum masyarakat Muslim Pesisir terhadap mengeluarkan zakat, dan faktor yang mempengaruhinya. Jenis penelitian ini adalah yuridis empiris dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Sumber data primer didapatkan secara langsung wawancara dengan para informan Desa Wedung, dan sumber data sekunder berasal dari buku maupun jurnal yang relevan. Semua data atau informasi yang didapat selanjutnya diolah dengan menggunakan teknik analisis data berupa deskriptif. Hasil kesimpulan penelitian menunjukkan bahwa masyarakat pesisir di Desa Wedung Kecamatan Wedung Kabupaten Demak memiliki tingkat kesadaran yang baik dalam mengeluarkan zakat fitrah dan maal setiap tahunnya sebab menganggap mengeluarkan zakat sebagai sebuah kewajiban beragama meskipun dalam mengeluarkan zakat tidak melalui LAZ dan BAZNAS. Sementara itu faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi terbentuknya kesadaran masyarakat Desa Wedung mengeluarkan zakat yaitu pengetahuan dari bangku madrasah, majelis-majelis pengajian, khutbah atau ceramah para kyai. Tahapan perubahan Kesadaran hukum terkait mengeluarkan zakat diwujudkan dalam bentuk pilihan, tindakan, sasaran dan pemanfaatan dari masyarakat setempat.

In recent years, identifying changes in multi-temporal images in terms of land use and land cover has been significant in a variety of applications, including urban planning. Due to weather and environmental effects, optical remote sensing has limitations in obtaining images where the image quality may be degraded. It’s because the images being registered are taken at various times, viewpoints, and types of sensors. In this article, the pre-processing methods, which include radiometric correction and geometric correction, are introduced to enhance the quality of satellite images and identify correct spatial alignment. For radiometric correction, adaptive contrast enhancement is done by combining histogram- and non-linear transfer function-based approaches in CIELAB color space. A comparison study is done to see how the new method compared to other methods. For geometric correction, the features from two images are extracted using Convolutional Neural Network to match and align them. The introduced approach for radiometric correction gave the best average rank of BRISQUE scores and RMSE of contrast scores, and the geometric correction can align two images together with an average accuracy of improvement of 91.78 percent. The findings of this research will provide the preliminary step for any change detection activities.

Background: Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a complex developmental condition that involves persistent challenges in social interaction, speech, and nonverbal communication, in addition to repetitive or restrictive behaviours. For decades, children with ASD have been familiarising themselves with information and communication technologies (ICT) in their training and diagnosis. One of the ICT areas, namely non-immersive virtual reality (NIVR), has become a noticeable tool to help ASD children in their social training. It provides extensive virtual interaction, a safe environment, and is affordable. An NIVR application is developed to assist the intervention on ASD children. However, the whole experiences of the training need to be validated to conclude its effectiveness. Methods: A case study was employed as the research method. An evaluation of NIVR application using multiple sources of evidence was guided by Kirkpatrick Model of Evaluation (KME) which was executed via questionnaires, pre- and post-test. The main objectives of this research were to evaluate level 1 and 2 of KME. The target for Level 1 is to assess the reactions to the NIVR application. Level 2 is to gauge the knowledge, confidence, or mindset of participants. Level 2 covers the evaluation prior to the training (pre-test) and after the training (post-test). Results: On average the ASD children had good experiences and were able to improve their social skills with the NIVR application. Therefore, the combination of serious game, analytics and specific VR type provides good data assessment, facilitate comfortable training, and can be an effective intervention for children with ASD. Conclusion: The positive trend on both levels shows that the application has a good potential to be used in ASD training. The results could be improved in a higher number of participants. Currently, only a limited number of research participants could be obtained due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

Fingertips detection is important for recognition of static gesture in sign language. This paper presents a new method that is based on YCbCr colour space and skeletonization for fingertips detection towards gesture segmentation and recognition. The method begins with the conversion of an image in RGB colour space into YCbCr colour space. Then, the chrominance Cb and Cr are extracted from the YCbCr colour space. A thresholding technique, which is based on a pre-defined range for Cb and Cr components representing the skin colour value is used to extract the hand from the background and to achieve the binary image. A morphological processing is performed on the obtained binary image to remove noise and unwanted image pixels. The candidate fingertips position is then calculated based on skeletonization algorithm and tracing process. The centroid is subsequently found, after which the Euclidean distances between the pixels’ coordinates that belong to the candidate fingertips and the centroid are calculated towards validating their representation of the actual fingertips. Based on the proposed method, the fingertips of twenty-six American Sign Language (ASL) alphabets hand sign samples were detected successfully and the gesture was correctly recognized with an accuracy of 96.3% during the conducted experiments.

Hukum adalah seperangkat aturan masyarakat, yang di dalamnya terdapat nilai-nilai keadilan. Bahwa di dalam prosedur hakim untuk memutuskan perkara ada beberapa cara bagi pengadilan untuk menyelesaikan sebuah perkara, sebagaimana di gambarkan oleh Hasbi Ash Shiddiqy dalam bukunya, Peradilan dan Hukum Acara Islam (Ash Shiddiqy, Hasbi, hal. 58-60). Diantaranya Hakim boleh memeriksa perkara baik sidang terbuka maupun sidang tertutup, kemudian hakim bisa menyertakan para pakar ahli dalam bidang tertentu, untuk menyaksikan putusannya, dan boleh pula para (Hakim) memutuskan perkara seorang diri baik juga di temani oleh para pegawainya. Maka setiap orang bisa menggunakan kebebasan haknya, untuk melawan adanya ketidak adilan. Terutama di dalam menjalankan kehidupan sehari-hari, salah satunya adalah dengan cara melakukan upaya hukum (menggugat). Siapapun boleh menggugat sesuai dengan aturan konstitusi hukum yang ada. Maka sudah sepatudnya masyarakat akan sadar hukum, terutama dalam membina keluarga yang bahagia dan sejahtera melalui jalur perdamaian. Karakteristik seorang hakim ketika menjalankan amanah, tentunya sudah sesuai dengan mekanisme hukum yang berlaku di Indonesia. Artinya hakim harus bertindak yang jujur, adil dan tidak memihak satu sama lainnya. Qodi atau Hakim harus bisa di terima seluruh lapisan golongan masyarakat, karenanya hukum sebagai rekayasa social masyarakat. Sehingga apabila ada salah satu yang berperkara di meja hijau baik dari para Pemohon ataupun Termohon dalam menjalankan amar putusannya sudah tentu menggunakan prosedur hukum yang ada sesuai dengan sila ke lima, keadilan social bagi seluruh rakyat Indonesia. Landasan dasar hukum ini sudah sesuai dengan amandemen uu dasar 1945, melalui institusi yang berkeadilan kepada tuhan yang maha esa. Sehingga kesemua putusannya bisa berkekuatan hukum tetap. Namun pada dinasti atau zaman kenabian, Apabila di dalam memutuskan perkara kesemuanya menggunakan dasar hukum Al Qur’an atau Hadits di teruskan dengan ijma’ dan qiyas oleh para ulama’.

In this research work an Automatic Conditional Switching Protocol (ACSP) is proposed, which is a conditional switching method between Delay based TCP-Reno and RTP (Real-Time Transport Protocol). It is a delay constrained method based on the VoIPv6 delay limit stated by the Internet Engineering Task Forth (IETF), which is 150 milliseconds in accordance with the ITU G.114 standard recommendation (G.114 International Telecommunication Union, 1994) which recommended that the permissible amount of delay in VoIP to be less than or equal to 150 milliseconds in order to maintain the voice quality. This proposed Automatic Control Switching (ACS) should be implemented in the routers and switches in the protocol layer of the VoIPv6 network to improve VoIPv6 performance. The system can be defined simply as combination of TCP Reno/UDP (RTP) with Automatic Conditional Switching. This Automatic Conditional Switching is based on Delay based Congestion Avoidance (DCA)

BMT both in the form of KJKS and KSPS in providing loans and financing can be in the form of Mudhorobah, Murobahah or Musyarokah, usually KJKS and KSPS parties make the conditions in the form of collateral. Goods that are used as collateral can be in the form of movable or immovable objects. When collateral is in the form of a moving object (usually in the form of a motorcycle or car), the KJKS and KSPS will make a fiduciary guarantee and when the collateral is in the form of immovable property (usually in the form of land or house), the KSPS and KJKS will dependents. When a member who carries out a broken promise, the KSPS Logam Mulia party can execute directly the Underwriting Right object. However, the KSPS Logam Mulia sub-district of Klambu, Grobogan, did not directly execute the object of collateral rights. The mortgages in the KSPS Logam Mulia sub-district in Klambu, Grobogan Regency were carried out to bind the collateralized object to guarantee the immovable property such as land or land along with the building on it. KSPS Logam Mulia does not execute directly on objects that are pledged as collateral rights, but through sales voluntarily or ask for help to sell.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat dan mengetahui apakah musik daerah khususnya musik Jawa dapat mereduksi tingkat stres pada mahasiswa. Rancangan penelitian ini menggunakan One Group Pre and Posttest Design. Subjek penelitian ini yaitu mahasiswa sebanyak 9 mahasiswa dan diperoleh dengan cara purposive sampling. Alat ukur yang digunakan adalah skala stres dan SUDS (subjective units of distress scale). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan nilai (t) = 6,214 dan nilai (p) = 0,000 dimana hasil tersebut menyatakan bahwa ada penurunan skor stres yang signifikan pada mahasiswa sebelum dan sesudah mendengarkan musik Jawa Â

High definition video applications often require heavy computation, high bandwidth and high memory requirements which make their real-time implementation difficult. Multi-core architecture with parallelism provides new solutions to implementing complex multimedia applications in real-time. It is well-known that the speed of the H.264 encoder can be increased on a multi-core architecture using the parallelism concept. Most of the parallelization methods proposed earlier for these purposes suffer from the drawbacks of limited scalability and data dependency. In this paper, we present a result obtained using data-level parallelism at the Group-Of-Pictures (GOP) level for the video encoder. The proposed technique involves each GOP being encoded independently and implemented on JM 18.0 using advanced data structures and OpenMP programming techniques. The performance of the parallelized video encoder is evaluated for various resolutions based on the parameters such as encoding speed, bit rate, memory requirements and PSNR. The results show that with GOP level parallelism, very high speed up values can be achieved without much degradation in the video quality.

(The network related functions (Sendto, and Receivefrom) in VoIPv6, are needed to obtain the communication socket in both UDP, and TCP before the communication can take place between the sending and receiving ends. The intent of testing and evaluating the network related functions in Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIPv6) in this research work is not to provide a comprehensive benchmark, but rather to test how well TCP (Transmission Control Protocol), and UDP (User Datagram Protocol) perform in sending and receiving VoIPv6 traffic and bulk data transfer, Part of this, due to the cumulative nature of VoIPv6 performance, can be achieved by testing the network related functions which are the Sendto and Receivefrom socket calls. This is because the sending concept in UDP IPv6 is based on the best effort sending of packets not a guaranteed sending as in TCP IPv6. In this context, performance enhancement techniques are needed to be applied in VoIPv6 due to the fact that there is no dedicated line between the sending and receiving ends. This is actually the putty and the drawback at the same time of VoIP. This is also the reason for IPv6 to take longer time yet to reach its full maturity (Recommendation G.711 of the ITU expectation is by the year 2050) when fully deploying real time applications due to their time sensitivity.

This study focuses on testing and quality measurement and analysis of VoIPv6 performance. A client, server codes were developed using FreeBSD. This is a step before analyzing the Architectures of VoIPv6 in the current internet in order for it to cope with IPv6 traffic transmission requirements in general and specifically voice traffic, which is being attracting the efforts of research, bodes currently. These tests were conducted in the application level without looking into the network level of the network. VoIPv6 performance tests were conducted in the current tunneled and native IPv6 aiming for better end-to-end VoIPv6 performance. The results obtained in this study were shown in deferent codec's for different bit rates in Kilo bits per second, which act as an indicator for the better performance of G.711 compared with the rest of the tested codes.

Zakat is a property that must be set aside by a Muslim or an entity that is owned by Muslims in accordance with the provisions of religion to be given to those who are entitled to receive it. Zakat should be managed properly and professionally, so that the benefits of zakat can prosper the people and can alleviate poverty and can turn mustahik into muzakki. In Indonesia, the government has made several regulations on zakat, namely with the enactment of Law number 38 of 1999 concerning the management of Zakat and has been revised by Law No. 23 of 2011. In the Law that carries out zakat management are institutions officially recognized by the government. These institutions are BAZNAS and LAZ. The form of zakat management carried out by BAZNAS and LAZ starts from the collection, distribution, utilization and reporting.

Labor in carrying out his work certainly has arisk of risk thatis likely to occur to the worker himself, both the risk o illnessresulting from his job, the risk of accident, the risk ofdisability, the risk of losing his jib and even the risk of death.Social security for the labor is a protection and will providebenetits for thr laboritself and for the family from unexpectedthing due to the risk possed in carrying out their work.Forms of social security for workers include : work accidentinsurance, old age insurance, pension insurance and lifeinsurance.

Any loan or financing agreement made by a sharia financial institution, whether bank or non-bank, more particularly KSPS Logam Mulia, usually requires a guarantee. Guaranteed goods guaranteed by the community or its members may be movable objects such as motorcycles or cars (guaranteed by BPKB) and may be non-moving objects in the form of buildings or land (guaranteed usually land certificates) .To to legalize the guarantee goods, the guarantee goods. For moving objects in the form of fiduciary and immovable property through mortgages. With the existence of objects collateralized by the public or members of the Islamic financial institutions, both banks and non-banks with fiduciary guarantee will provide the legal force for the institution to execute objects that have been guaranteed if the people who borrow violate the promise or wanprestasi.But in fact, KSPS Logam Mulia has never executed forcibly to the community or its members who have neglected or are unable to perform its obligations ie paying installments on loans or financing it has received. From the results of the research can be known execution fiduciary guarantee in KSPS Logam Mulia Klambu District Grobogan District does not execute fiduciary guarantee directly against members who do not perform the obligation mengangsurnya. What factors are the background of not directly executing tehadap assurance of fiduciary objects in KSPS Logam Mulia Klambu District Grobogan Regency is: The reason shariah and Reason kinship.

Human life is full of risks. There is a risk of loss, accident and even the risk of death. To prepare for these risks, a sense of security is needed through coverage. These coverage is through Islamic insurance. Sharia Insurance (Ta'min, Takaful or Tadhamun) is an effort to protect and help one another among a number of people / parties through investments in the form of assets and / or tabarru 'which provide a pattern of return to face certain risks through an appropriate contract (agreement) with sharia. The contracts that are attached to Islamic insurance are the contract of contract and tabarru 'contract, while the contract that follows the contract of tijarah and the tabarru contract is the Mudharabah Musytarakah agreement, Mudharabah agreement and Wakalah bil Ujrah agreement.

Cash waqf is not refers to money waqf only but also cover waqf of capital stock and obligation. This kind of waqf has been acknowledged by waqf institution in Indonesia and also has been regulated by the government. This article describes its regulation and how to do cash waqf in Indonesia.

The tradition of the Indonesian Islamic community who tend to interpret the waqf as ibadahtabarru 'which has dimensions that are sunnah Award, in the realm of implementation are still heavily influenced understand professed by the majority of society itself, the local customs. In addition, it is also influenced by religious ideology, which is a habit to take legal actions, especially on the ground perwakafan orally on the basis of mutual trust to a particular person or institution, and this practice many people do before the Law No. 5 of 1960 on Basic Regulation of Agrarian and Government Regulation No. 28 Year 1977 on Land Owned perwakafan. The phenomenon of this tradition implications perwakafan in Indonesia has not experienced encouraging development for the benefit of the people, even suppose many emerging new issues such as loss of property for religious use, utilization is not appropriate designation endowments, low ability to manage so many waqf property displaced and so forth.Pattern management leadership implementation waqf ago is still considered consumer-static, meaning that the management of property endowments are less able to provide benefits to the community, it can be seen from the model of leadership within the agency kenazhiran paternalistic and absence of adequate control, the recruitment of human resources more focused on ketokoan clerics, scholars, religious teacher regardless of professionalism, no clear operational standards empowerment and so forth. in line with the enactment of Law No. 41 2004 quiet Endowment and Government Regulation No. 28 Year 1977 on Land Owned perwakafan, then it started last major improvement in the management of the renewal perwakafan Indonesia understands both institutionally related empowerment, development and coaching, management kenazhiran and others.

Debtor when asking to financing financing institution(creditors) usually use the guarantee in the form of objects thatmove and things that do not move. When guaranteed in theform of moving objects, then creditors will bind him withfiducia warrant.. Fiducia warrant is the right guarantees formoving objects either exist or not exist and objects do not moveespecially the building could not be burdened by the yoke rightsreferred to in Law Number 4 of 1996 on the Rights of the yokethat remain in the mastery of a Warner fiducia warrant, ascollateral for certain debt repayment, which provide thepreferred position to the recipient fiducia warrant against othercreditors. (Article 1 of Act No. 42 The year 1999 about fiduciawarrant). Fiducia warrant must be made by deed autentik andmust be registered in the registration office fiducia warrant andwant to warranty certificate fiducia warrant. But sometimes thedebtor does not perform its obligations to the debtor, so that thedebtor has the right to execute the things that have beenpledged fiducia warrant. But sometimes the implementation ofthe execution get resistance from the debtor, because thecreditors with using services debt collector take force objectsfiducia warrant without doing the negotiations even tear in thestreets. For that the police can provide security servicesexecution of parties willing to execute the object fiduciawarrant.

Camera calibration is an essential and important part of an augmented reality (AR) system. The use of a plane-based calibration technique can give a good accuracy, which can be important for AR applications. The calibration technique used in the current ARToolKit requires user intervention, which is prone to error and involves a lengthy calibration time. The camera has to be recalibrated every time the focal length changes which is cumbersome and less suitable for applications where a more automated and easier approach is needed. This paper investigates the use of camera self-calibration for the ARToolKit, which has the advantage of simplicity of implementation. In order to improve its accuracy, a distortion model is also investigated. In this context several interesting results are presented.

Kontrak takafuli disebut juga dengan akad tabarru’, yaitu derma atau sumbangan. Kontrak atau akad ini bertujuan untuk memberikan dana kebajikan dengan niat ikhlas saling membantu satu dengan yang lain dengan sesama peserta asuransi syariah apabila diantaranya ada yang terkena musibah. Tabarru’ sebagai akad pada asuransi syariah ini diatur oleh Fatwa Dewan Syariah Nasional No.53/DSN-MUI/III/2006, pada point ke dua disebutkan bahwa akad tabarru’ ini dilakukan dalam bentuk hibah dengan tujuan kebajikan dan tolong menolong antar peserta, dan bukan untuk tujuan komersial. Tabbaru’ sebagai akad yang harus melekat di dalam perjanjian asuransi bukan dengan akad jual beli. Asuransi tidak menggunakan akad jual beli dikarenakan syarat dalam transaksi jual beli terdapat penjual, pembeli dan harga serta barang yang diperjualbelikan, di dalam asuransi yang dipersoalkan adalah berapa premi yang harus dibayar kepada perusahaan asuransi karena kita tidak tahu kapan risiko yang dipertanggungkan itu akan terjadi, sehingga akad jual beli dalam asuransi biasa terjadi cacat secara syariah karena tidak jelas (gharar).

Gait as a biometric has received great attention nowadays as it can offer human identification at a distance without any contact with the feature capturing device. This is motivated by the increasing number of synchronised closed-circuit television (CCTV) cameras which have been installed in many major towns, in order to monitor and prevent crime by identifying the criminal or suspect. This paper present a method to improve gait classification results by applying smoothing techniques on the extracted gait features. The proposed approach is consisted of three parts: extraction of human gait features from enhanced human silhouette, smoothing process on extracted gait features and classification by fuzzy k-nearest neighbours (KNN). The extracted gait features are height, width, crotch height, step-size of the human silhouette and joint trajectories. To improve the recognition rate, two of these extracted gait features are smoothened before the classification process in order to alleviate the effect of outliers. The proposed approach has been applied on a dataset of nine subjects walking bidirectionally on an indoor pathway with twelve different covariate factors. From the experimental results, it can be concluded that the proposed approach is effective in gait classification.

Requirements specification is a collaborative activity that involves several developers specifying the requirements elicited through several stakeholders. Operation-base merging allows combining specifications using the information available about their state as well as their evolution or change. Thus, leading to a more precise, accurate and efficient merging. Differencing specifications is a tedious, complicated, and a crucial process needed for operation-based merging of specifications resulting from collaboration. An approach for differencing Object-Oriented formal specifications is proposed in this paper. The difference is modeled as a set of primitive operations and is produced based on the matching results of specifications’ elements. These matchings are calculated based on an approach employing elements’ syntactic and structural similarities. The proposed differencing approach is empirically validated.

H.264 video codec provides a wide range of compression options and is popularly implemented over various video recording standards. The compression complexity increases when low-bit-rate video is required. Hence, the encoding time is often a major issue when processing a large number of video files. One of the methods to decrease the encoding time is to employ a parallel algorithm on a multicore system. In order to exploit the capability of a multicore processor, a scalable algorithm is proposed in this paper. Most of the parallelization methods proposed earlier suffer from the drawbacks of limited scalability, memory, and data dependency issues. In this paper, we present the results obtained using data-level parallelism at the macroblock (MB) level for encoder. The key idea of using MB-level parallelism is due to its less memory requirement. This design allows the encoder to schedule the sequences into the available logical cores for parallel processing. A load balancing mechanism is added to allow the encoding with respect to macroblock index and, hence, eliminating the need of a coordinator thread. In our implementation, a dynamic macroblock scheduling technique is used to improve the speedup. Also, we modify some of the pointers with advanced data structures to optimize the memory. The results show that with the proposed MB-level parallelism, higher speedup values can be achieved.