30 results on '"Kadooka, Y."'
Search Results
2. Improvement of skin condition by oral supplementation with sphingomyelin-containing milk phospholipids in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized trial
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Higurashi, S., Haruta-Ono, Y., Urazono, H., Kobayashi, T., and Kadooka, Y.
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- 2015
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Catalog
3. Lactobacillus helveticus SBT2171, a cheese starter, regulates proliferation and cytokine production of immune cells
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Yamashita, M., Ukibe, K., Uenishi, H., Hosoya, T., Sakai, F., and Kadooka, Y.
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- 2014
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4. A cheese-containing diet modulates immune responses and alleviates dextran sodium sulfate–induced colitis in mice
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Hosoya, T., Ogawa, A., Sakai, F., and Kadooka, Y.
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- 2012
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5. Effects of highly ripened cheeses on HL-60 human leukemia cells: Antiproliferative activity and induction of apoptotic DNA damage
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Yasuda, S., Ohkura, N., Suzuki, K., Yamasaki, M., Nishiyama, K., Kobayashi, H., Hoshi, Y., Kadooka, Y., and Igoshi, K.
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- 2010
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6. Regulation of abdominal adiposity by probiotics (Lactobacillus gasseri SBT2055) in adults with obese tendencies in a randomized controlled trial
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Kadooka, Y, Sato, M, Imaizumi, K, Ogawa, A, Ikuyama, K, Akai, Y, Okano, M, Kagoshima, M, and Tsuchida, T
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- 2010
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7. Patient specific simulation of body surface ECG using the finite element method
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Okada, J, Sasaki, T, Washio, T, Yamashita, H, Kariya, T, Imai, Y, Nakagawa, M, Kadooka, Y, Nagai, R, Hisada, T, and Sugiura, S
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cardiovascular diseases - Abstract
BACKGROUND: Recent studies, supported by advances in computer science, have successfully simulated the excitation and repolarization processes of the heart, based on detailed cell models of electrophysiology and implemented with realistic morphology. METHODS: In this study, we extend these approaches to simulate the body surface electrocardiogram (ECG) of specific individuals. Patient-specific finite element models of the heart and torso are created for four patients with various heart diseases, based on clinical data including computer tomography, while the parallel multi-grid method is used to solve the dynamic bi-domain problem. Personalization procedures include demarcation of nonexcitable tissue, allocation of the failing myocyte model of electrophysiology, and modification of the excitation sequence. In particular, the adjustment of QRS morphology requires iterative computations, facilitated by the simultaneous visualization of the propagation of excitation in the heart, average QRS vector in the torso, and 12-lead ECG. RESULTS: In all four cases we obtained reasonable agreement between the simulated and actual ECGs. Furthermore, we also simulated the ECGs of three of the patients under bi-ventricular pacing, and once again successfully reproduced the actual ECG morphologies. Since no further adjustments were made to the heart models in the pacing simulations, the good agreement provides strong support for the validity of the models. CONCLUSIONS: These results not only help us understand the cellular basis of the body surface ECG, but also open the possibility of heart simulation for clinical applications. more...
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- 2016
8. Correction: Moral conflicts from the justice and care perspectives of Japanese Nurses: a qualitative content analysis.
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Tsunematsu K, Asai A, and Kadooka Y
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- 2023
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9. Moral conflicts from the justice and care perspectives of japanese nurses: a qualitative content analysis.
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Tsunematsu K, Asai A, and Kadooka Y
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- Humans, Judgment, Social Justice, East Asian People, Morals, Nurses psychology
- Abstract
Background: Healthcare professionals use the ethics of justice and care to construct moral reasoning. These ethics are conflicting in nature; different value systems and orders of justice and care are applied to the cause of actual moral conflict. We aim to clarify the structure and factors of healthcare professionals' moral conflicts through the lens of justice and care to obtain suggestions for conflict resolutions., Method: Semi-structured interviews about experiences of moral conflict were conducted with Japanese nurses recruited using the snowball sampling method. Interviews were conducted based on the real-life moral conflict and choice interview. Interviews were recorded and transcribed verbatim, then analyzed based on the interpretive method of data analysis. Verbatim transcripts were read four times, first to get an overall sense of the conflict, then to understand the person's thoughts and actions that explain the conflict, and third and fourth to identify perspectives of justice and care, respectively. Each moral perspective was classified into categories according to Chally's taxonomy., Results: Among 31 responses, 2 that did not mention moral conflict were excluded, leaving 29 responses that were analyzed. These responses were classified into six cases with conflict between both justice and care perspectives or within one perspective, and into two cases without conflict between perspectives. The "rules" category of justice and the "welfare of others" category of care were included in many cases of conflict between two perspectives, and they frequently occurred in each perspective., Conclusions: The nurses in this study suggest that they make moral judgments based on moral values that are intertwined with justice and care perspectives complex manner.Organizational, professional, and patient-related factors influenced conflicts between justice and care. Additionally, multiple overlapping loyalties created conflicts within justice perspectives, and multifaceted aspects of care-provider's responsibility and patient need created conflicts within care. Decision-making biased towards one perspective can be distorted. It is important to consider ethical issues from both perspectives to resolve conflicts, especially the effective use of the ethics of care is recommended., (© 2023. BioMed Central Ltd., part of Springer Nature.) more...
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- 2023
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10. CTCF loss induces giant lamellar bodies in Purkinje cell dendrites.
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Hirayama T, Kadooka Y, Tarusawa E, Saitoh S, Nakayama H, Hoshino N, Nakama S, Fukuishi T, Kawanishi Y, Umeshima H, Tomita K, Yoshimura Y, Galjart N, Hashimoto K, Ohno N, and Yagi T
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- Animals, Mice, Lamellar Bodies, Cerebellum, Dendrites, Purkinje Cells, Neurodegenerative Diseases
- Abstract
CCCTC-binding factor (CTCF) has a key role in higher-order chromatin architecture that is important for establishing and maintaining cell identity by controlling gene expression. In the mature cerebellum, CTCF is highly expressed in Purkinje cells (PCs) as compared with other cerebellar neurons. The cerebellum plays an important role in motor function by regulating PCs, which are the sole output neurons, and defects in PCs cause motor dysfunction. However, the role of CTCF in PCs has not yet been explored. Here we found that the absence of CTCF in mouse PCs led to progressive motor dysfunction and abnormal dendritic morphology in those cells, which included dendritic self-avoidance defects and a proximal shift in the climbing fibre innervation territory on PC dendrites. Furthermore, we found the peculiar lamellar structures known as "giant lamellar bodies" (GLBs), which have been reported in PCs of patients with Werdnig-Hoffman disease, 13q deletion syndrome, and Krabbe disease. GLBs are localized to PC dendrites and are assumed to be associated with neurodegeneration. They have been noted, however, only in case reports following autopsy, and reports of their existence have been very limited. Here we show that GLBs were reproducibly formed in PC dendrites of a mouse model in which CTCF was deleted. GLBs were not noted in PC dendrites at infancy but instead developed over time. In conjunction with GLB development in PC dendrites, the endoplasmic reticulum was almost absent around the nuclei, the mitochondria were markedly swollen and their cristae had decreased drastically, and almost all PCs eventually disappeared as severe motor deficits manifested. Our results revealed the important role of CTCF during normal development and in maintaining PCs and provide new insights into the molecular mechanism of GLB formation during neurodegenerative disease., (© 2022. The Author(s).) more...
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- 2022
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11. Evaluation of point-of-care thumb-size bispectral electroencephalography device to quantify delirium severity and predict mortality.
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Yamanashi T, Crutchley KJ, Wahba NE, Sullivan EJ, Comp KR, Kajitani M, Tran T, Modukuri MV, Marra PS, Herrmann FM, Chang G, Anderson ZM, Iwata M, Kobayashi K, Kaneko K, Umeda Y, Kadooka Y, Lee S, Shinozaki E, Karam MD, Noiseux NO, and Shinozaki G more...
- Abstract
Background: We have developed the bispectral electroencephalography (BSEEG) method for detection of delirium and prediction of poor outcomes., Aims: To improve the BSEEG method by introducing a new EEG device., Method: In a prospective cohort study, EEG data were obtained and BSEEG scores were calculated. BSEEG scores were filtered on the basis of standard deviation (s.d.) values to exclude signals with high noise. Both non-filtered and s.d.-filtered BSEEG scores were analysed. BSEEG scores were compared with the results of three delirium screening scales: the Confusion Assessment Method for the Intensive Care Unit (CAM-ICU), the Delirium Rating Scale-Revised-98 (DRS) and the Delirium Observation Screening Scale (DOSS). Additionally, the 365-day mortalities and the length of stay (LOS) in the hospital were analysed., Results: We enrolled 279 elderly participants and obtained 620 BSEEG recordings; 142 participants were categorised as BSEEG-positive, reflecting slower EEG activity. BSEEG scores were higher in the CAM-ICU-positive group than in the CAM-ICU-negative group. There were significant correlations between BSEEG scores and scores on the DRS and the DOSS. The mortality rate of the BSEEG-positive group was significantly higher than that of the BSEEG-negative group. The LOS of the BSEEG-positive group was longer compared with that of the BSEEG-negative group. BSEEG scores after s.d. filtering showed stronger correlations with delirium screening scores and more significant prediction of mortality., Conclusions: We confirmed the usefulness of the BSEEG method for detection of delirium and of delirium severity, and prediction of patient outcomes with a new EEG device. more...
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- 2021
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12. Topological data analysis (TDA) enhances bispectral EEG (BSEEG) algorithm for detection of delirium.
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Yamanashi T, Kajitani M, Iwata M, Crutchley KJ, Marra P, Malicoat JR, Williams JC, Leyden LR, Long H, Lo D, Schacher CJ, Hiraoka K, Tsunoda T, Kobayashi K, Ikai Y, Kaneko K, Umeda Y, Kadooka Y, and Shinozaki G more...
- Abstract
Current methods for screening and detecting delirium are not practical in clinical settings. We previously showed that a simplified EEG with bispectral electroencephalography (BSEEG) algorithm can detect delirium in elderly inpatients. In this study, we performed a post-hoc BSEEG data analysis using larger sample size and performed topological data analysis to improve the BSEEG method. Data from 274 subjects included in the previous study were analyzed as a 1st cohort. Subjects were enrolled at the University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics (UIHC) between January 30, 2016, and October 30, 2017. A second cohort with 265 subjects was recruited between January 16, 2019, and August 19, 2019. The BSEEG score was calculated as a power ratio between low frequency to high frequency using our newly developed algorithm. Additionally, Topological data analysis (TDA) score was calculated by applying TDA to our EEG data. The BSEEG score and TDA score were compared between those patients with delirium and without delirium. Among the 274 subjects from the first cohort, 102 were categorized as delirious. Among the 206 subjects from the second cohort, 42 were categorized as delirious. The areas under the curve (AUCs) based on BSEEG score were 0.72 (1st cohort, Fp1-A1), 0.76 (1st cohort, Fp2-A2), and 0.67 (2nd cohort). AUCs from TDA were much higher at 0.82 (1st cohort, Fp1-A1), 0.84 (1st cohort, Fp2-A2), and 0.78 (2nd cohort). When sensitivity was set to be 0.80, the TDA drastically improved specificity to 0.66 (1st cohort, Fp1-A1), 0.72 (1st cohort, Fp2-A2), and 0.62 (2nd cohort), compared to 0.48 (1st cohort, Fp1-A1), 0.54 (1st cohort, Fp2-A2), and 0.46 (2nd cohort) with BSEEG. BSEEG has the potential to detect delirium, and TDA is helpful to improve the performance. more...
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- 2021
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13. Matters to address prior to introducing new life support technology in Japan: three serious ethical concerns related to the use of left ventricular assist devices as destination therapy and suggested policies to deal with them.
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Asai A, Masaki S, Okita T, Enzo A, and Kadooka Y
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- Advance Directives, Cost-Benefit Analysis, Culture, Heart Failure surgery, Heart Transplantation, Humans, Japan, Palliative Care, Patient Rights, Patient Selection, Personal Autonomy, Personhood, Policy, Stress, Psychological, Value of Life, Bioethical Issues, Ethics, Medical, Health Services Accessibility ethics, Heart Failure therapy, Heart-Assist Devices ethics, Quality of Life, Technology ethics
- Abstract
Background: Destination therapy (DT) is the permanent implantation of a left ventricular assist device (LVAD) in patients with end-stage, severe heart failure who are ineligible for heart transplantation. DT improves both the quality of life and prognosis of patients with end-stage heart failure. However, there are also downsides to DT such as life-threatening complications and the potential for the patient to live beyond their desired length of life following such major complications. Because of deeply ingrained cultural and religious beliefs regarding death and the sanctity of life, Japanese society may not be ready to make changes needed to enable patients to have LVADs deactivated under certain circumstances to avoid needless suffering., Main Text: Western ethical views that permit LVAD deactivation based mainly on respect for autonomy and dignity have not been accepted thus far in Japan and are unlikely to be accepted, given the current Japanese culture and traditional values. Some healthcare professionals might regard patients as ineligible for DT unless they have prepared advance directives. If this were to happen, the right to prepare an advance directive would instead become an obligation to do so. Furthermore, patient selection for DT poses another ethical issue. Given the predominant sanctity of life principle and lack of cost-consciousness regarding medical expenses, medically appropriate exclusion criteria would be ignored and DT could be applied to various patients, including very old patients, the demented, or even patients in persistent vegetative states, through on-site judgment., Conclusion: There is an urgent need for Japan to establish and enact a basic act for patient rights. The act should include: respect for a patient's right to self-determination; the right to refuse unwanted treatment; the right to prepare legally binding advance directives; the right to decline to prepare such directives; and access to nationally insured healthcare. It should enable those concerned with patient care involving DT to seek ethical advice from ethics committees. Furthermore, it should state that healthcare professionals involved in the discontinuation of life support in a proper manner are immune to any legal action and that they have the right to conscientiously object to LVAD deactivation. more...
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- 2018
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14. Absence of Rapid Propagation through the Purkinje Network as a Potential Cause of Line Block in the Human Heart with Left Bundle Branch Block.
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Okada JI, Washio T, Nakagawa M, Watanabe M, Kadooka Y, Kariya T, Yamashita H, Yamada Y, Momomura SI, Nagai R, Hisada T, and Sugiura S
- Abstract
Background: Cardiac resynchronization therapy is an effective device therapy for heart failure patients with conduction block. However, a problem with this invasive technique is the nearly 30% of non-responders. A number of studies have reported a functional line of block of cardiac excitation propagation in responders. However, this can only be detected using non-contact endocardial mapping. Further, although the line of block is considered a sign of responders to therapy, the mechanism remains unclear. Methods: Herein, we created two patient-specific heart models with conduction block and simulated the propagation of excitation based on a cellmodel of electrophysiology. In one model with a relatively narrow QRS width (176 ms), we modeled the Purkinje network using a thin endocardial layer with rapid conduction. To reproduce a wider QRS complex (200 ms) in the second model, we eliminated the Purkinje network, and we simulated the endocardial mapping by solving the inverse problem according to the actual mapping system. Results: We successfully observed the line of block using non-contact mapping in the model without the rapid propagation of excitation through the Purkinje network, although the excitation in the wall propagated smoothly. This model of slow conduction also reproduced the characteristic properties of the line of block, including dense isochronal lines and fractionated local electrocardiograms. Further, simulation of ventricular pacing from the lateral wall shifted the location of the line of block. By contrast, in the model with the Purkinje network, propagation of excitation in the endocardial map faithfully followed the actual propagation in the wall, without showing the line of block. Finally, switching the mode of propagation between the two models completely reversed these findings. Conclusions: Our simulation data suggest that the absence of rapid propagation of excitation through the Purkinje network is the major cause of the functional line of block recorded by non-contact endocardial mapping. The line of block can be used to identify responders as these patients loose rapid propagation through the Purkinje network. more...
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- 2018
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15. Misuse of emergent healthcare in contemporary Japan.
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Kadooka Y, Asai A, Enzo A, and Okita T
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- Ambulances statistics & numerical data, Humans, Japan, Emergency Medical Services statistics & numerical data, Emergency Service, Hospital statistics & numerical data, Health Services Misuse
- Abstract
Background: Medical care is obviously an important public service to ensure the health of a nation; however, medical resources are not always used appropriately. 'Convenience-store consultations' and inappropriate ambulance transportation represent instances of such improper use by contemporary Japanese citizens in recent years. This article illustrates two examples of misuse and discusses potential countermeasures by considering factors contributing to these behaviours., Main Body: From both public and medical perspectives, these patient behaviours are problematic, causing potential harm to others, negative consequences to such patients themselves, exhaustion of healthcare staff, and breakdown of emergency medical services. Although citizens need to recognize the public nature and scarcity of medical care, the more immediate need may be to identify and to remove personal and social causes inducing such misuse. In addition, healthcare professionals should become more trustworthy. To combat these issues, one-sided penalties such as accusations or sanctions for patients who misuse the system cannot be justified in principle. If measures taken to prevent misuse are ineffective, imposing surcharges or restricting consultations may be considered official policy, but these are not acceptable for several reasons., Conclusion: For now, we conclude that we must rely on the spontaneous motivation of patients who engage in 'convenience-store consultations' and ambulance transportation instead of taking a taxi. more...
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- 2017
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16. Ethical Obligations in the Face of Dilemmas Concerning Patient Privacy and Public Interests: The Sasebo Schoolgirl Murder Case.
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Kadooka Y, Okita T, and Asai A
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- Female, Homicide, Humans, Japan, Male, Confidentiality ethics, Duty to Warn ethics, Moral Obligations, Privacy
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A murder case that had some features in common with the Tarasoff case occurred in Sasebo City, Japan, in 2014. A 15-year-old high school girl was murdered and her 16-year-old classmate was arrested on suspicion of homicide. One and a half months before the murder, a psychiatrist who had been examining the girl called a prefectural child consultation centre to warn that she might commit murder, but he did not reveal her name, considering it his professional duty to keep it confidential. Article 134 of the Japanese Criminal Law states that doctors should not disclose patient information obtained in clinical practice without a legitimate reason, but the Japanese Supreme Court has not specified what constitutes a legitimate reason. Mass media and commentators suggested that the murder could have been prevented if the psychiatrist had disclosed the girl's name to the authorities or had isolated her coercively in a psychiatric ward. However, the authors disagree with such claims. This article discusses obligations imposed on concerned individuals and third party members in cases involving ethical dilemmas regarding patient confidentiality and information disclosure. It is concluded that everyone should fulfill their obligations to prevent such tragedies and one should judge the appropriateness of others' actions based not on the consequences of their actions, but on the processes used to decide on a course of action and their commitment. It is necessary for us to establish a society in which concerned parties can do what they think is ethically best without fearing ungrounded charges., (© 2016 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.) more...
- Published
- 2016
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17. Probiotic Lactobacillus gasseri SBT2055 improves glucose tolerance and reduces body weight gain in rats by stimulating energy expenditure.
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Shirouchi B, Nagao K, Umegatani M, Shiraishi A, Morita Y, Kai S, Yanagita T, Ogawa A, Kadooka Y, and Sato M
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- Animals, Area Under Curve, Butyrates metabolism, Carbohydrate Metabolism, Cecum metabolism, Cultured Milk Products microbiology, Diet, Fatty Acids, Volatile metabolism, Inflammation blood, Inflammation prevention & control, Lipid Metabolism, Male, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, Serum Amyloid P-Component metabolism, Triglycerides blood, Anti-Obesity Agents therapeutic use, Blood Glucose metabolism, Energy Metabolism, Lactobacillus gasseri, Obesity prevention & control, Probiotics therapeutic use, Weight Gain
- Abstract
Probiotic Lactobacillus gasseri SBT2055 (LG2055) reduces postprandial TAG absorption and exerts anti-obesity effects in rats and humans; however, the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. In the present study, we addressed the mechanistic insights of the anti-obesity activity of LG2055 by feeding Sprague-Dawley rats diets containing skimmed milk fermented or not by LG2055 for 4 weeks and by analysing energy expenditure, glucose tolerance, the levels of SCFA in the caecum and serum inflammatory markers. Rats fed the LG2055-containing diet demonstrated significantly higher carbohydrate oxidation in the dark cycle (active phase for rats) compared with the control group, which resulted in a significant increase in energy expenditure. LG2055 significantly reduced cumulative blood glucose levels (AUC) compared with the control diet after 3 weeks and increased the molar ratio of butyrate:total SCFA in the caecum after 4 weeks. Furthermore, the LG2055-supplemented diet significantly reduced the levels of serum amyloid P component - an indicator of the inflammatory process. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that, in addition to the inhibition of dietary TAG absorption reported previously, the intake of probiotic LG2055 enhanced energy expenditure via carbohydrate oxidation, improved glucose tolerance and attenuated inflammation, suggesting multiple additive and/or synergistic actions underlying the anti-obesity effects exerted by LG2055. more...
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- 2016
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18. Lactobacillus gasseri SBT2055 inhibits adipose tissue inflammation and intestinal permeability in mice fed a high-fat diet.
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Kawano M, Miyoshi M, Ogawa A, Sakai F, and Kadooka Y
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The probiotic Lactobacillus gasseri SBT2055 (LG2055) has anti-obesity effects. Obesity is closely correlated with inflammation in adipose tissue, and maintaining adipose tissue in a less-inflamed state requires intestinal integrity or a barrier function to protect the intestine from the disruption that can be caused by a high-fat diet (HFD). Here, we examined the anti-inflammatory and intestinal barrier-protecting effects of LG2055 in C57BL/6 mice fed a normal-fat diet (NFD), HFD, or the HFD containing LG2055 (HFD-LG) for 21 weeks. HFD-LG intake significantly prevented HFD-induced increases in body weight, visceral fat mass, and the ratio of inflammatory-type macrophages to anti-inflammatory ones in adipose tissue. Mice fed the HFD showed higher intestinal permeability to a fluorescent dextran administered by oral administration and an elevated concentration of antibodies specific to lipopolysaccharides (LPS) in the blood compared with those fed the NFD, suggesting an increased penetration of the gut contents into the systemic circulation. These elevations of intestinal permeability and anti-LPS antibody levels were significantly suppressed in mice fed the HFD-LG. Moreover, treatment with LG2055 cells suppressed an increase in the cytokine-induced permeability of Caco-2 cell monolayers. These results suggest that LG2055 improves the intestinal integrity, reducing the entry of inflammatory substances like LPS from the intestine, which may lead to decreased inflammation in adipose tissue. more...
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- 2016
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19. Administration of Lactobacillus gasseri SBT2055 suppresses macrophage infiltration into adipose tissue in diet-induced obese mice.
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Ukibe K, Miyoshi M, and Kadooka Y
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- Abdominal Fat metabolism, Animals, Blood Glucose metabolism, Body Weight, Chemokine CCL2 genetics, Chemokine CCL2 metabolism, Down-Regulation, Energy Intake, Inflammation therapy, Insulin blood, Interleukin-6 metabolism, Male, Mice, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Mice, Obese, Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II genetics, Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II metabolism, Obesity therapy, Receptors, CCR2 genetics, Receptors, CCR2 metabolism, Weight Gain, Adipose Tissue metabolism, Diet, High-Fat adverse effects, Lactobacillus, Macrophages metabolism
- Abstract
Administration of Lactobacillus gasseri SBT2055 (LG2055) has been shown to prevent body weight gain and it also down-regulates the expression of the Ccl2 gene in adipose tissue in diet-induced obese mice. The CC chemokine ligand 2 has a crucial role in macrophage infiltration into adipose tissue, which is known to exacerbate inflammation. However, it is not yet known how LG2055 affects the invasion of macrophages into adipose tissue. C57BL/6J male mice were fed a normal-fat diet (10 % energy fat), high-fat diet (HFD; 45 % energy fat), or HFD containing LG2055 for 12 weeks. After the feeding period, gene expression and macrophage population in adipose tissue were analysed by real-time PCR and flow cytometry, respectively. Body weight and abdominal fat weight were not altered by feeding LG2055. Flow cytometry analysis revealed that the population of macrophages in adipose tissue was significantly reduced by feeding LG2055 compared with HFD only. Furthermore, the ratio of classically activated inflammatory macrophages (M1 macrophages) to total macrophages was significantly decreased in the LG2055-fed group. The expressions of Ccl2, Ccr2 and Lep were down-regulated and that of Il6, Tnf and Nos2 tended to be down-regulated in adipose tissue by feeding LG2055. In addition, fasting glucose levels were significantly decreased in the LG2055-fed group. These data suggest that administration of LG2055 might attenuate inflammation, which is caused by the intake of an HFD, through the inhibition of macrophage invasion into adipose tissue. more...
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- 2015
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20. Lactobacillus gasseri SBT2055 suppresses fatty acid release through enlargement of fat emulsion size in vitro and promotes fecal fat excretion in healthy Japanese subjects.
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Ogawa A, Kobayashi T, Sakai F, Kadooka Y, and Kawasaki Y
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- Adult, Aged, Double-Blind Method, Emulsions metabolism, Fats analysis, Female, Humans, Hymecromone analogs & derivatives, Hymecromone metabolism, Japan, Lipase metabolism, Male, Middle Aged, Particle Size, Fats metabolism, Fatty Acids metabolism, Feces chemistry, Lactobacillus metabolism
- Abstract
Background: Lactobacillus gasseri SBT2055 (LG2055) has been shown to prevent abdominal adiposity, and suppression of lipid absorption is considered a possible mechanism, detail of which, however, are poorly understood. In the present study, we evaluated the effects of LG2055 on fat hydrolysis by determining pancreatic lipase activity and fat emulsion properties in vitro. We also examined whether LG2055 influences fecal fat excretion in humans., Methods: Pancreatic lipase activity was investigated in vitro using an artificially prepared fat emulsion and 4-methylumbelliferyl oleate (4-MUO) as substrates. The concentrations of free fatty acids and 4-methylumbelliferone were quantified. Fat emulsion droplet size was measured using a particle size analyzer. The clinical study was performed as a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Subjects consumed 100 g of fermented milk (FM)/d, either with or without LG2055 supplementation, for seven days. Fecal samples were collected during three-day pre-observational and FM intake periods and fecal fat levels were determined., Results: LG2055 dose-dependently suppressed lipase activity in the fat emulsion assay but not in the 4-MUO assay. LG2055 dose-dependently increased fat emulsion droplet size. The effects of LG2055 on lipase activity and fat emulsion properties were increased compared with four other tested strains (Lactobacillus gasseri SBT0317, Lactobacillus gasseri JCM1131T, Lactobacillus. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus JCM1002T and Streptococcus thermophilus ATCC19258T). In our clinical study, fecal fat level after FM intake was significantly increased compared with that observed before FM intake in the LG2055-containing active FM group but not the control FM group lacking LG2055., Conclusions: LG2055 increased fat emulsion droplet size, resulting in the suppression of lipase-mediated fat hydrolysis. The influence of LG2055 on the physicochemical properties of fat emulsion provides a mechanism for the probiotic-mediated suppression of lipid absorption and promotion of fecal fat excretion in humans., Trial Registration: UMIN000015772. more...
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- 2015
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21. Lactobacillus helveticus SBT2171 inhibits lymphocyte proliferation by regulation of the JNK signaling pathway.
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Hosoya T, Sakai F, Yamashita M, Shiozaki T, Endo T, Ukibe K, Uenishi H, Kadooka Y, Moriya T, Nakagawa H, Nakayama Y, and Miyazaki T
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- Animals, Arthritis, Experimental genetics, Arthritis, Experimental metabolism, Arthritis, Experimental pathology, B-Lymphocytes metabolism, B-Lymphocytes pathology, CDC2 Protein Kinase antagonists & inhibitors, CDC2 Protein Kinase genetics, CDC2 Protein Kinase metabolism, Cell Line, Tumor, Cell Proliferation drug effects, G2 Phase Cell Cycle Checkpoints drug effects, Gene Expression Regulation, Humans, Lymphocyte Activation drug effects, MAP Kinase Kinase 4 antagonists & inhibitors, MAP Kinase Kinase 4 genetics, MAP Kinase Kinase 4 metabolism, Male, Mice, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Mice, Inbred DBA, Primary Cell Culture, Signal Transduction drug effects, T-Lymphocytes metabolism, T-Lymphocytes pathology, Arthritis, Experimental drug therapy, B-Lymphocytes drug effects, Lactobacillus helveticus physiology, Probiotics pharmacology, T-Lymphocytes drug effects
- Abstract
Lactobacillus helveticus SBT2171 (LH2171) is a lactic acid bacterium with high protease activity and used in starter cultures in the manufacture of cheese. We recently reported that consumption of cheese manufactured using LH2171 alleviated symptoms of dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis in mice. In this study, we have examined whether LH2171 itself exerts an inhibitory effect on the excessive proliferation of lymphocytes. We found that LH2171 inhibited the proliferation of LPS-stimulated mouse T and B cells, and the human lymphoma cell lines, Jurkat and BJAB. Cell cycle analysis showed an accumulation of LH2171-treated BJAB cells in the G2/M phase. Further, phosphorylation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and c-Jun was reduced by LH2171 in BJAB cells. Subsequently, expression of cell division cycle 2 (CDC2), regulated by the JNK signaling pathway and essential for G2/M phase progression, was inhibited by LH2171. It was also demonstrated that intraperitoneal administration of LH2171 strongly alleviated symptoms of collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) in mice. These findings suggest that LH2171 inhibits the proliferation of lymphocytes through a suppression of the JNK signaling pathway and exerts an immunosuppressive effect in vivo. more...
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- 2014
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22. Lactobacillus gasseri SBT2055 induces TGF-β expression in dendritic cells and activates TLR2 signal to produce IgA in the small intestine.
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Sakai F, Hosoya T, Ono-Ohmachi A, Ukibe K, Ogawa A, Moriya T, Kadooka Y, Shiozaki T, Nakagawa H, Nakayama Y, and Miyazaki T
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- Animals, Cytokines biosynthesis, Cytokines genetics, Dendritic Cells immunology, Gene Expression, Immunoglobulin A immunology, Male, Mice, Peyer's Patches immunology, Probiotics administration & dosage, Signal Transduction, Dendritic Cells metabolism, Immunoglobulin A biosynthesis, Intestine, Small immunology, Intestine, Small metabolism, Lactobacillus immunology, Toll-Like Receptor 2 metabolism, Transforming Growth Factor beta metabolism
- Abstract
Probiotic bacteria provide benefits in enhancing host immune responses and protecting against infection. Induction of IgA production by oral administration of probiotic bacteria in the intestine has been considered to be one reason for this beneficial effect, but the mechanisms of the effect are poorly understood. Lactobacillus gasseri SBT2055 (LG2055) is a probiotic bacterium with properties such as bile tolerance, ability to improve the intestinal environment, and it has preventive effects related to abdominal adiposity. In this study, we have found that oral administration of LG2055 induced IgA production and increased the rate of IgA(+) cell population in Peyer's patch and in the lamina propria of the mouse small intestine. The LG2055 markedly increased the amount of IgA in a co-culture of B cells and bone marrow derived dendritic cells (BMDC), and TLR2 signal is critical for it. In addition, it is demonstrated that LG2055 stimulates BMDC to promote the production of TGF-β, BAFF, IL-6, and IL-10, all critical for IgA production from B cells. Combined stimulation of B cells with BAFF and LG2055 enhanced the induction of IgA production. Further, TGF-β signal was shown to be critical for LG2055-induced IgA production in the B cell and BMDC co-culture system, but TGF-β did not induce IgA production in a culture of only B cells stimulated with LG2055. Furthermore, TGF-β was critical for the production of BAFF, IL-6, IL-10, and TGF-β itself from LG2055-stimulated BMDC. These results demonstrate that TGF-β was produced by BMDC stimulated with LG2055 and it has an autocrine/paracrine function essential for BMDC to induce the production of BAFF, IL-6, and IL-10. more...
- Published
- 2014
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23. Comparison of ethical judgments exhibited by clients and ethics consultants in Japan.
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Nagao N, Kadooka Y, and Asai A
- Subjects
- Ethics, Clinical, Female, Humans, Japan, Male, Patient Advocacy ethics, Physician-Patient Relations, Quality of Health Care, Quality of Life, Attitude of Health Personnel, Decision Making ethics, Ethics Committees, Clinical, Ethics Consultation, Ethics, Research, Informed Consent ethics, Terminal Care ethics
- Abstract
Background: Healthcare professionals must make decisions for patients based on ethical considerations. However, they rely on clinical ethics consultations (CEC) to review ethical justifications of their decisions. CEC consultants support the cases reviewed and guide medical care. When both healthcare professionals and CEC consultants face ethical problems in medical care, how is their judgment derived? How do medical judgments differ from the ethical considerations of CECs? This study examines CECs in Japan to identify differences in the ethical judgment of clients and CEC consultants., Methods: The CEC request and response documents of all 60 cases reviewed across Japan between October 2006 and the end of October 2011 were classified in terms of the presence of decisional capacity in the patient. We conducted a qualitative content analysis of the differences in reasoning between client and CEC consultants. Reasoned judgments were verified in individual cases to classify the similarities or differences of opinion between CEC clients and teams., Results: As the result of classification of the decisional capacity and the difference of opinion regarding medical care, the most frequent category was 25 cases (41.7%) of "uncertain decisional capacity," and 23 cases (38.3%) of "withholding of decision-making." A chi-square analysis was performed on presence of decisional capacity and agreement in decision-making, yielding a statistically significant difference (p < 0.05). The CEC consultants' reasoning was based on "patient's preference was ambiguous," "validity of family as a surrogate," "estimation of patient preference," and "patient's best interest," whereas the CEC client's reasoning was based on "consistent family preference was shown/not shown" and "appropriate therapeutic methods to manage patient safety.", Conclusion: Differences in opinions were found in cases classified according to decisional capacity. Furthermore, the reasoning behind judgments differed between CEC clients and CEC consultants. The reasoning of CEC consultants was critical and reflective, while for clients it was situational and pragmatic. more...
- Published
- 2014
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24. Lactobacillus gasseri SBT2055 reduces postprandial and fasting serum non-esterified fatty acid levels in Japanese hypertriacylglycerolemic subjects.
- Author
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Ogawa A, Kadooka Y, Kato K, Shirouchi B, and Sato M
- Subjects
- Cultured Milk Products microbiology, Fasting blood, Female, Humans, Hypertriglyceridemia blood, Japan, Male, Middle Aged, Postprandial Period, Single-Blind Method, Treatment Outcome, Triglycerides blood, Fatty Acids, Nonesterified blood, Hypertriglyceridemia therapy, Lactobacillus physiology, Probiotics administration & dosage
- Abstract
Background: Lactobacillus gasseri SBT2055 (LG2055) inhibits dietary fat absorption in rats and exerts preventive effects on abdominal adiposity in rats and humans. The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of LG2055 on postprandial serum lipid responses in Japanese subjects with hypertriacylglycerolemia after the intake of oral fat-loading test (OFLT) meals., Methods: We conducted a single-blind, placebo-controlled, within-subject, repeated-measure intervention trial. Twenty subjects initially ingested the fermented milk (FM) without LG2055 for 4 weeks (control FM period), followed by a 4-week washout period, and then consumed FM containing LG2055 for 4 weeks (active FM period). The subjects were asked to consume FM at 200 g/day. At the end of each 4-week period, an 8-h OFLT was conducted. Blood samples were collected at fasting and every hour for 8 h after OFLT meal intake. Thereafter, postprandial serum non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) and triacylglycerol (TAG) levels and fasting blood parameters were measured., Results: The OFLT showed that the postprandial serum NEFA levels from 120 to 480 min and the postprandial serum TAG level at 120 min in the active FM period were significantly (P < 0.05) lower than those in the control FM period. The fasting serum NEFA level in the active FM period significantly (P < 0.001) decreased at week 4 from the initial period compared with the control FM period., Conclusions: The consumption of probiotic LG2055 reduced postprandial and fasting serum NEFA levels, suggesting its possible contribution to the reduction of the risk for obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus., Trial Registration: UMIN000011605. more...
- Published
- 2014
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25. Effect of Lactobacillus gasseri SBT2055 in fermented milk on abdominal adiposity in adults in a randomised controlled trial.
- Author
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Kadooka Y, Sato M, Ogawa A, Miyoshi M, Uenishi H, Ogawa H, Ikuyama K, Kagoshima M, and Tsuchida T
- Subjects
- Adipose Tissue, Adult, Animals, Asian People, Body Mass Index, Double-Blind Method, Female, Fermentation, Hip, Humans, Japan, Male, Middle Aged, Probiotics administration & dosage, Waist Circumference, Abdominal Fat, Adiposity, Cultured Milk Products microbiology, Lactobacillus, Obesity, Abdominal drug therapy, Probiotics therapeutic use
- Abstract
Consumption of fermented milk (FM) containing a probiotic, Lactobacillus gasseri SBT2055 (LG2055), previously showed a reduction in abdominal adiposity in a randomised controlled trial (RCT) using FM with 10(8) colony-forming units (cfu) of LG2055/g. However, whether the effectiveness is observed at lower concentrations, the recommended minimum or intermediate levels of probiotics (10(6) or 10(7) cfu/g, respectively), remains to be examined. A multi-centre, double-blind, parallel-group RCT was conducted using 210 healthy Japanese adults with large visceral fat areas (80·2 - 187·8 cm(2)). They were balanced for their baseline characteristics and randomly assigned to three groups receiving FM containing 10(7), 10(6) or 0 (control) cfu LG2055/g of FM, and were asked to consume 200 g FM/d for 12 weeks. Abdominal visceral fat areas, which were determined by computed tomography, at week 12, changed from baseline by an average of -8·5 % (95 % CI -11·9, -5·1; P< 0·01) in the 10(7) dose group, and by -8·2 % (95 % CI -10·8, -5·7; P< 0·01) in the 10(6) dose group. Other measures including BMI, waist and hip circumferences, and body fat mass were also significantly decreased from baseline at week 12 in both groups; interestingly, the cessation of taking FM for 4 weeks attenuated these effects. In the control group, none of these parameters significantly decreased from baseline. These findings demonstrate that consumption of LG2055 at doses as low as the order of 10(8) cfu/d exhibited a significant lowering effect on abdominal adiposity, and suggest that constant consumption might be needed to maintain the effect. more...
- Published
- 2013
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26. Reexamination of the ethics of placebo use in clinical practice.
- Author
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Asai A and Kadooka Y
- Subjects
- Attitude of Health Personnel, Bioethical Issues, Health Personnel psychology, Humans, Informed Consent, Deception, Ethics, Clinical, Placebos therapeutic use
- Abstract
A placebo is a substance or intervention believed to be inactive, but is administered by the healthcare professional as if it was an active medication. Unlike standard treatments, clinical use of placebo usually involves deception and is therefore ethically problematic. Our attitudes toward the clinical use of placebo, which inevitably includes deception or withholding information, have a tremendous effect on our practice regarding truth-telling and informed consent. A casual attitude towards it weakens the current practice based on shared decision-making and mutual trust between patients and healthcare professionals. Issues concerning the clinical use of placebo are thus intimately related to patient-provider relationships, the public's trust in medicine, and medical education. A review of recent survey studies suggests that the clinical use of placebo appears to be fairly well accepted among healthcare professionals and is common in clinical settings in various countries. However, we think that an ethical discussion is urgently needed because of its controversial nature. If judged to be ethically wrong, the practice should end. In the present paper, we discuss the ethicality of the clinical use of placebo with deception and argue against it, concluding that it is unethical and should be banned. We will show that most arguments in favor of the clinical use of placebo can be refuted and are therefore incorrect or weak. These arguments will be presented and examined individually. Finally, we will briefly consider issues relevant to the clinical use of placebo without deception., (© 2012 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.) more...
- Published
- 2013
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27. Arguments against promoting organ transplants from brain-dead donors, and views of contemporary Japanese on life and death.
- Author
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Asai A, Kadooka Y, and Aizawa K
- Subjects
- Humans, Japan, Attitude to Death ethnology, Brain Death legislation & jurisprudence, Tissue and Organ Procurement ethics, Tissue and Organ Procurement legislation & jurisprudence
- Abstract
As of 2009, the number of donors in Japan is the lowest among developed countries. On July 13, 2009, Japan's Organ Transplant Law was revised for the first time in 12 years. The revised and old laws differ greatly on four primary points: the definition of death, age requirements for donors, requirements for brain-death determination and organ extraction, and the appropriateness of priority transplants for relatives. In the four months of deliberations in the National Diet before the new law was established, various arguments regarding brain death and organ transplantation were offered. An amazing variety of opinions continue to be offered, even after more than 40 years have elapsed since the first heart organ transplant in Japan. Some are of the opinion that with the passage of the revised law, Japan will finally become capable of performing transplants according to global standards. Contrarily, there are assertions that organ transplants from brain-dead donors are unacceptable because they result in organs being taken from living human beings. Considering the current conditions, we will organize and introduce the arguments for and against organ transplants from brain-dead donors in contemporary Japan. Subsequently, we will discuss the primary arguments against organ transplants from brain-dead donors from the perspective of contemporary Japanese views on life and death. After introducing the recent view that brain death should not be regarded as equivalent to the death of a human being, we would like to probe the deeply-rooted views on life and death upon which it is based., (© 2010 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.) more...
- Published
- 2012
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28. Can physicians' judgments of futility be accepted by patients? A comparative survey of Japanese physicians and laypeople.
- Author
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Kadooka Y, Asai A, and Bito S
- Subjects
- Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Confounding Factors, Epidemiologic, Cost Control, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Humans, Japan, Life Expectancy, Male, Middle Aged, Patients psychology, Physicians ethics, Surveys and Questionnaires, Treatment Failure, Withholding Treatment ethics, Judgment, Medical Futility, Patients statistics & numerical data, Physicians statistics & numerical data, Quality of Life
- Abstract
Background: Empirical surveys about medical futility are scarce relative to its theoretical assumptions. We aimed to evaluate the difference of attitudes between laypeople and physicians towards the issue., Methods: A questionnaire survey was designed. Japanese laypeople (via Internet) and physicians with various specialties (via paper-and-pencil questionnaire) were asked about whether they would provide potentially futile treatments for end-of-life patients in vignettes, important factors for judging a certain treatment futile, and threshold of quantitative futility which reflects the numerical probability that an act will produce the desired physiological effect. Also, the physicians were asked about their practical frequency and important reasons for futile treatments., Results: 1134 laypeople and 401 (80%) physicians responded. In all vignettes, the laypeople were more affirmative in providing treatments in question significantly. As the factors for judging futility, medical information and quality of life (QOL) of the patient were rather stressed by the physicians. Treatment wish of the family of the patient and psychological impact on patient side due to the treatment were rather stressed by laypeople. There were wide variations in the threshold of judging quantitative futility in both groups. 88.3% of the physicians had practical experience of providing futile treatment. Important reasons for it were communication problem with patient side and lack of systems regarding futility or foregoing such treatment., Conclusion: Laypeople are more supportive of providing potentially futile treatments than physicians. The difference is explained by the importance of medical information, the patient family's influence to decision-making and QOL of the patient. The threshold of qualitative futility is suggested to be arbitrary. more...
- Published
- 2012
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29. Milk fermented by Lactobacillus gasseri SBT2055 influences adipocyte size via inhibition of dietary fat absorption in Zucker rats.
- Author
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Hamad EM, Sato M, Uzu K, Yoshida T, Higashi S, Kawakami H, Kadooka Y, Matsuyama H, Abd El-Gawad IA, and Imaizumi K
- Subjects
- Adipocytes drug effects, Adipose Tissue pathology, Adiposity drug effects, Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena drug effects, Animals, Cell Size drug effects, Cholesterol metabolism, Feces chemistry, Fermentation, Intestinal Absorption drug effects, Lactobacillus, Leptin blood, Liver metabolism, Male, Obesity metabolism, Organ Size, Rats, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, Rats, Zucker, Adipocytes pathology, Dietary Fats pharmacokinetics, Milk metabolism, Obesity pathology, Probiotics pharmacology
- Abstract
We have demonstrated previously that a diet containing skimmed milk (SM) fermented by Lactobacillus gasseri SBT2055 (LGSP) reduces adipocyte size in Sprague-Dawley rats. Two experiments were conducted to extend these observations in order to elucidate the mechanism involved. In experiment 1, lean and obese Zucker rats were fed a diet containing SM or LGSP for 4 weeks. The LGSP diet, compared with the SM diet, resulted in lowering of the mesenteric adipose tissue weight (23 %; P < 0.05), adipocyte sizes (28 %; P < 0.001) and serum leptin concentration (36 %; P < 0.05) in lean rats. Obese Zucker rats did not display such dietary effects. Only the number of smaller adipocytes was increased (P < 0.05) by the LGSP diet in the subcutaneous adipose tissue of obese rats. The LGSP diet significantly reduced the serum and hepatic cholesterol in rats. In addition, the LGSP diet led to an increased excretion of faecal fatty acids and total neutral faecal sterols in both rat strains. In experiment 2, Sprague-Dawley rats with permanent cannulation of the thoracic duct were fed either the SM or LGSP diets and their lymph was collected. The LGSP diet lowered the maximum transport rate of TAG and phospholipids. These results indicate that fermented milk regulates adipose tissue growth through inhibition at the stage of dietary fat absorption in lean Zucker rats. more...
- Published
- 2009
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30. Multi-scale computational modelling in biology and physiology.
- Author
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Southern J, Pitt-Francis J, Whiteley J, Stokeley D, Kobashi H, Nobes R, Kadooka Y, and Gavaghan D
- Subjects
- Animals, Humans, Biology, Computational Biology, Models, Biological, Physiology
- Abstract
Recent advances in biotechnology and the availability of ever more powerful computers have led to the formulation of increasingly complex models at all levels of biology. One of the main aims of systems biology is to couple these together to produce integrated models across multiple spatial scales and physical processes. In this review, we formulate a definition of multi-scale in terms of levels of biological organisation and describe the types of model that are found at each level. Key issues that arise in trying to formulate and solve multi-scale and multi-physics models are considered and examples of how these issues have been addressed are given for two of the more mature fields in computational biology: the molecular dynamics of ion channels and cardiac modelling. As even more complex models are developed over the coming few years, it will be necessary to develop new methods to model them (in particular in coupling across the interface between stochastic and deterministic processes) and new techniques will be required to compute their solutions efficiently on massively parallel computers. We outline how we envisage these developments occurring. more...
- Published
- 2008
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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