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Background: Admission of low birth-weight (LBW) neonates in neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) causes their deprivation of tactile and sensory stimulation. Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate efficacy of body massage on growth parameters (weight, height and head circumference) gain velocity of LBW in Yazd, Iran. Materials and Methods: A randomized clinical trial study was conducted on LBW neonates whom were admitted to NICU of Shahid Sadoughi Hospital, Yazd, Iran from March to December 2011. Neonates were randomly assigned to two groups. In group one, 20 neonates were received massage three times in a day for consecutive 14 days by their mothers. In group two, intervention consisted of standard and routine care as control group. The primary endpoints were efficacy in increase of mean of weight, height and head circumference that were evaluated 14 days after intervention, at ages one and two months. Secondary outcome was clinical side effects. Results: 17 girls and 23 boys with mean gestational age of 34.4±1.22 weeks were evaluated. In the body massage group, only weight at the age of two months was significantly higher than the control group (mean±SD: 3250±305 vs. 2948±121 gr, p=0.005). No adverse events were seen in the two groups. Conclusion: Body massage might be used as an effective and safe non-medical intervention for increasing of weight gain velocity in LBW preterm neonates [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Approximately one percent of current live births of the world are conceived via assisted reproductive technologies (ART). Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare the developmental status of children born through assisted and natural conceptions at the age of five years. Materials and Methods: In a retrospective cohort study, developmental status of 5 years old children was evaluated via Persian version of 60-month Ages and Stages Questionnaires. Case group consisted of 61 singletons, term babies whom were born through ART in the Research and Clinical Center for Infertility, Yazd, Iran in 2005. Control group consisted of 61 term, first child, singleton and spontaneously conceived born five years old children whom were referred to Shahid Akbari primary health care center in 2010. Results: 58 girls (47.5%) and 64 boys (52.5%) were evaluated. Frequency of developmental delay in domains of fine motor (47.5% vs. 24.6%, pO.OO8) and problem solving (60.6% vs. 34.4%, p=O.0O4) were more in ART born children. On logistic regression, fine motor development state was independently affected by maternal educational level (OR: 5.3, 95% CI: 1.67-16.30, pO.OO4) and developmental status in problem solving domains was independently affected by maternal educational level (OR: 4.88, 95% CI: 1.25-19.07, p0.02) and birth weight (OR: 7.1, 95% CI: 1.78-29.01, p0.0O6) Conclusion: Maternal educational level and birth weight are important factors that influenced developmental outcome of ART born children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Communication disorder is a widespread disabling problems and associated with adverse, long term outcome that impact on individuals, families and academic achievement of children in the school years and affect vocational choices later in adulthood. The aim of this study was to determine prevalence of speech disorders specifically stuttering, voice, and speech-sound disorders in primary school students in Iran-Yazd. In a descriptive study, 7881 primary school students in Yazd evaluated in view from of speech disorders with use of direct and face to face assessment technique in 2005. The prevalence of total speech disorders was 14.8% among whom 13.8% had speech-sound disorder, 1.2% stuttering and 0.47% voice disorder. The prevalence of speech disorders was higher than in males (16.7%) as compared to females (12.7%). Pattern of prevalence of the three speech disorders was significantly different according to gender, parental education and by number of family member. There was no significant difference across speech disorders and birth order, religion and paternal consanguinity. These prevalence figures are higher than more studies that using parent or teacher reports. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Congenital malformation (CM) will begin to emerge as one of the major childhood health problems .Treatment and rehabilitation of children with congenital malformations are costly and complete recovery is usually impossible. The aim of this study was to determine frequency of CM in Yazd central city of the Islamic Republic of Iran to find out if there has been any difference in the rate and types of CM in this area. This descriptive-observational study carried on 4800 births delivered at all maternity hospitals in Yazd from October 2003 to June 2004. Prevalence of CM was 2.83% (2.86 % in male and 2.68 % in female) out of the 136 cases 69(51.88%) were males and 64 (48.12%) were females and 3 with ambiguous genitalia. Positive family history of CM in sibling was in only 6 cases (4.41%).Overall, musculoskeletal (0.83%), central nervous system (0.47%) and genital system (0.37%) were accounted as the most common. Frequency of CM was more seen in still birth (12.5%) as in comparison to live birth (2.71%). There was not statistical difference between prevalence of CM and neonatal's gender, gestational age, birth order and mother's age, drug ingestion, illness and parental consanguinity. In this study the overall prevalence of congenital malformation among the newborn was higher than those previous reported in Iran and determining the causes of this difference needs more extensive studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Electroencephalography (EEG) is a useful diagnostic tool in the diagnosis of seizure and differentiating it from seizure-like attacks. Cooperation and immobility of the patient is crucial and in children who do not naturally sleep, pharmacological agents and procedural sedation should be used for sleep inducement. The purpose of this study was to compare efficacy and safety of melatonin and intravenous solution of midazolam administered orally in sedation induction for EEG of children. METHODS: In a parallel single-blinded randomized clinical trial, sixty 1 - 8 year old children who were referred to EEG Unit of Shahid Sadoughi Hospital, Yazd, Iran from September 2011 to March 2012 were evaluated. The Children were randomly assigned into two groups to receive orally 0.3 mg/kg melatonin or 0.75 mg/kg ampoule of midazolam. The primary outcome was efficacy in adequate sedation (Ramsay sedation score of four) and recording of EEG. Secondary outcome was clinical side effects. RESULTS: Nineteen girls (31.7%) and 41 boys (68.3%) with the mean age of 2.8 ±1.8 years were evaluated. Adequate sedation and recording of EEG was achieved in 36.7% of midazolam group and in 73.3% of melatonin group, (p = 0.004). Transient agitation was seen in 6.6% of midazolam group. No significant difference was observed from the viewpoint of side effects frequency between the two drugs, (p = 0.15). CONCLUSION: Melatonin is a safe and an effective drug in sedation induction for EEG in children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Febrile seizure (FS) is the most common problem in pediatric neurology. The purpose of this study was to determine FS recurrence frequency and to evaluate its risk factors. In a descriptive retrospective study, 139 children with first FS, admitted between March 2004 and August 2005 in Yazd Shaheed Sadoughi Hospital, were followed. Seventy-six boys and 63 girls with a mean age of 2.03 +/- 1.21 years were followed for 25.1 +/- 5.5 months. Thirty-seven percent had FS recurrence, with a mean recurrence time of 6.7 +/- 5.9 months. Sixty-five percent of infants and 30% of children >1 year old had FS recurrence. Sixty-three percent of those with seizure occurring in <1 hour of fever duration had FS recurrence, while only 33% of those with seizure after >1 hour of fever duration had FS recurrence. Seizures in children <1 year old and in <1 hour of fever duration were risk factors for FS recurrence.