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Objectives: This study aimed to describe the impact of COVID-19 on maternal and child health service utilization in the Eastern part of Ethiopia.Methods: Comparative analysis was used to examine 2 years of maternal and child health service utilization. Data were extracted from client registers. A traditional Expert Modeler and one-way Analysis of Variance were used to compare service utilization before and during the COVID-19 pandemic.Results: A total of 34,576 client records were reviewed, of which 17,100 (49.5%) and 17,476 (50.5%) had visited the MCH service before and during the COVID-19 pandemic, respectively. The total client visit has shown a 2% percentage point increase. However, postnatal care and child immunization services showed a decrease. Moreover, there was a significant difference between service visits before and during COVID-19 (f = 4.6, p < 0.04).Conclusion: Mothers and children have missed or unattended facility appointments due to protective impositions or fear of getting infected with COVID-19, which might suggest a higher proportion of MCH issues were not addressed during the pandemic. The health system should therefore improve its resilience and strengthen its access at the lowest health care inlets.

In this study, microelectrical discharge machining (μEDM) is used for drilling microholes on a thin sheet of Ti Grade 2 alloy of thickness 50 μm using a tungsten carbide (WC) microtool of diameter 470 μm. The main focus of the study is to understand the electrical and nonelectrical μEDM parameters on the accuracy, precision, and machining efficiency of drilled holes. The controllable process factors such as capacitance, voltage, tool rotation, and feed rate are considered when conducting the experiments based on a Taguchi L16 orthogonal array. The main effect and interaction contour plots have been prepared to investigate the influence of the process parameters on the response measures like material removal rate, overcut, circularity, and taper angle of the drilled holes. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) has been carried out to study the percentage contribution and significance of each process parameter on the performance measures. The micrographic images reveal the quality of the profiles and edges of the drilled holes. Further, the Overall Evaluation Criterion (OEC) is applied for multiparameter optimization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Because, today, the world is suffered from chronic diseases which their etiologies are chemical and psychosocial hazards. Among them, the cancer and respiratory problems are the common which challenges of both developed and developing countries. Majority of its exposures are workplace. These challenges are very common in developing countries like Ethiopia. Similarly, the main objectives of this was to explore the prevalence of the occupational exposures in Ethiopia. Systematic review was applied to search scientific articles based on keywords, titles, and other searching strategies. All searching engines were applied like PubMed, web of science, Scopus, embase and google scholar. Eligibility criteria was conducted based on the exclusion and inclusion rules. Occupational exposure in Ethiopia is very vast and complicated since its sources are not quietly addressed whereas occupational health services at workplace is infant stage. The literatures review conducted also revealed that occupational exposures to variety of the hazards were highly prevalent in occupational respiratory symptoms followed by needle stick and sharp materials injuries, especially for health care workers. The occupational dust exposures are significantly happened in both cement and coffee processing factories. The researches related to occupational lead and pesticides exposures are almost none, which needs attention in the next research gaps. Occupational exposure with radon at workplace was associated with a 2.62% increase (95% CI 2.52%; 2.73%) in mortality, independent of PM2.5 exposure which large mortality risks were observed among individuals from respiratory, cardiovascular and metabolic diseases which has highest association with others health problems. Preliminary assessment and environmental cleaning with appropriate protective device might be decreased the exposure. According to this review analysis, the occupational exposure with respiratory symptom was prevalence (85%) in cement factories followed by 78% in coffee processing factory. There was no intervention taken by the reviewers to indicate the reducing level of the exposure. However, as were recommended by the original researchers of those reviewed articles, wearing of protective devices and conditioning of the working environments can be reduce the exposure level of the workers at workplace. Pre intervention to workplace hazards is very important to minimize the exposure level at workplace and to reduce the cost of treatments. From these results point of view, conditioning(ventilating) the workplace, providing protective devices and designing appropriate engineering controls to minimizing the exposures levels are the key factors to reduce medical costs.

Ferulic acid (FA) and sinapic acid (SA) are groups of phenolic acids that belong to the class of hydroxycinnamic acid. Due to their molecular structure and functional groups, these compounds exhibit a wide range of biological activities. In this research, we have determined the dipole moments of these compounds in gas and solvent phases using spectroscopic and computational methods. The change in the dipole moments of FA and SA was calculated by Bakhshiev's, Kawski–Chamma–Viallet's, Lippert–Mataga's, and microscopic solvent polarity functions. The results show that the change in the dipole moment calculated using Lippert–Mataga's method is higher than that using other methods. This is due to the fact that this method ignores the specific interactions of the solute and solvent as well as the polarizability of the solute molecule. Similarly, the ground and excited-state dipole moments were determined by theoretical quantum chemical calculations using density functional theory (DFT); the results are found to be similar to the experimental ones. In both approaches, the excited dipole moment is greater than the ground state, indicating a significant redistribution of electron densities and being more sensitive to the solvent in the excited state for both molecules. The HOMO-LUMO energy bandgaps calculated in the gas phase for FA and SA are 4.001 and 4.055 eV, respectively. In addition, electron charge density maps, UV–Vis absorption spectra, and oscillator strengths were calculated using the DFT method to obtain general information about the compounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Because, todays, the world is suffered from chronic diseases which their etiologies are chemical and psychosocial hazards. Among them, the cancer and respiratory problems are the common which challenges of both developed and developing countries. Majority of its exposures are workplace. These challenges are very common in developing countries like Ethiopia. Similarly, the main objectives of this was to explore the prevalence of the occupational exposures in Ethiopia. Systematic review was applied to search scientific articles based on keywords, titles, and other searching strategies. All searching engines were applied like PubMed, web of science, Scopus, Embase and google scholar. Eligibility criteria was conducted based on the exclusion and inclusion rules. Occupational exposure in Ethiopia is very vast and complicated since its sources are not quietly addressed whereas occupational health services at workplace is infant stage. The literatures review conducted also revealed that occupational exposures to variety of the hazards were highly prevalent in occupational respiratory symptoms followed by needle stick and sharp materials injuries, especially for health care workers. The occupational dust exposures are significantly happened in both cement and coffee processing factories. The researches related to occupational lead and pesticides exposures are almost none, which needs attention in the next research gaps. Occupational exposure with radon at workplace was associated with a 2.62% increase (95% CI 2.52%; 2.73%) in mortality, independent of PM2.5 exposure which large mortality risks were observed among individuals from respiratory, cardiovascular and metabolic diseases which has highest association with others health problems. Preliminary assessment and environmental cleaning with appropriate protective device might be decreased the exposure. According to this review analysis, the occupational exposure with respiratory symptom was prevalence (85%) in cement factories followed by 78% in coffee processing factory. There was no intervention taken by the reviewers to indicate the reducing level of the exposure. However, as were recommended by the original researchers of those reviewed articles, wearing of protective devices and conditioning of the working environments can be reduce the exposure level of the workers at workplace. Pre intervention to workplace hazards is very important to minimize the exposure level at workplace and to reduce the cost of treatments. From these results point of view, conditioning(ventilating) the workplace, providing protective devices and designing appropriate engineering controls to minimizing the exposures levels are the key factors to reduce medical costs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]