Search

Abstract Dalbergia sissoo Roxb. (Shisham) is a timber-producing species of economic, cultural, and medicinal importance in the Indian subcontinent. In the past few decades, Shisham's dieback disease caused by the fungus Botryodiplodia theobromae has become an evolving issue in the subcontinent endangering its survival. To gain insights into this issue, a standard transcriptome assembly was deployed to assess the response of D. sissoo at the transcriptomic level under the stress of B. theobromae infection. For RNA isolation, the control and infected leaf tissue samples were taken from 1-year-old greenhouse-grown D. sissoo plants after 20 days of stem-base spore inoculation. cDNA synthesis was performed from these freshly isolated RNA samples that were then sent for sequencing. About 18.14 Gb (Giga base) of data was generated using the BGISEQ-500 sequencing platform. In terms of Unigenes, 513,821 were identified after a combined assembly of all samples and then filtering the abundance. The total length of Unigenes, their average length, N50, and GC-content were 310,523,693 bp, 604 bp, 1,101 bp, and 39.95% respectively. The Unigenes were annotated using 7 functional databases i.e., 200,355 (NR: 38.99%), 164,973 (NT: 32.11%), 123,733 (Swissprot: 24.08%), 142,580 (KOG: 27.75%), 139,588 (KEGG: 27.17%), 99,752 (GO: 19.41%), and 137,281 (InterPro: 26.72%). Furthermore, the Transdecoder detected 115,762 CDS. In terms of SSR (Simple Sequence Repeat) markers, 62,863 of them were distributed on 51,508 Unigenes and on the predicted 4673 TF (Transcription Factor) coding Unigenes. A total of 16,018 up- and 19,530 down-regulated Differentially Expressed Genes (DEGs) were also identified. Moreover, the Plant Resistance Genes (PRGs) had a count of 9230. We are hopeful that in the future, these identified Unigenes, SSR markers, DEGs and PRGs will provide the prerequisites for managing Shisham dieback disease, its breeding, and in tree improvement programs.

The COVID-19 pandemic has implications for the postponement of the Simultaneous Pilkades in Indonesia. It's interesting to examine more deeply how the Simultaneous Pilkades policy arrangements during the COVID-19 Pandemic are viewed from the aspect of legal certainty and the legal consequences of postponing the Pilkades during the COVID-19 Pandemic. The research method uses a normative juridical approach with the statute approach and case approach. Legal materials (primary, secondary ,tertiary) were collected through literature study and analyzed in depth using content analysis. Research shows that prior to the pandemic in the laws and regulations the rules regarding the postponement of Simultaneous Pilkades due to force majeure had not been regulated. The authority of the Ministry of Home Affairs to determine the postponement of the Simultaneous Pilkades also has multiple interpretations. The government's policy of issuing the Mendagri Circular is also inaccurate and does not provide legal certainty, the circular is not classified as a statutory regulation. The presence of Permendagri No.72 of 2020 provides legal certainty, the substance clearly regulates the authority of the Regent/Mayor to postpone the Simultaneous Pilkades. The legal consequence of postponing the Pilkades during the Pandemic Period is that many villages will be led by an Acting Village Head. In the future, the provisions regarding the postponement of Simultaneous Village Head Elections due to force majeure are clearly regulated in the legislation and in carrying out tasks by the Acting Village Head must be carried out with full responsibility, because the Acting has the same duties, authorities, obligations and rights as the definitive Village Head. Abstrak Pandemi COVID-19 berimplikasi pada penundaan Pilkades Serentak di Indonesia. Namun pengaturan ihwal penundaan Pilkades Serentak dalam peraturan perundang-undangan ternyata kurang jelas. Menarik untuk mengkaji lebih dalam bagaimana pengaturan kebijakan Pilkades Serentak di masa Pandemi COVID-19 ditinjau dari aspek kepastian hukum dan akibat hukum dari adanya penundaan Pilkades di masa Pandemi COVID-19. Metode penelitian menggunakan yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan dan pendekatan kasus. Bahan-bahan hukum (primer, sekunder, tersier) dikumpulkan melalui studi kepustakaan dan dianalisa secara mendalam menggunakan metode analisis konten. Penelitian menunjukan bahwa sebelum pandemi dalam peraturan perundang-undangan (UU, PP, Permendagri) aturan mengenai penundaan Pilkades Serentak karena force majeur (bencana non alam) belum diatur. Kewenangan Kemendagri menetapkan penundaan Pilkades Serentak juga multitafsir. Kebijakan pemerintah mengeluarkan Surat Edaran Menteri Dalam Negeri juga kurang tepat dan tidak memberikan kepastian hukum, surat edaran bukan dikelompokkan sebagai sebuah peraturan perundang-undangan. Akhirnya kehadiran Permendagri No. 72 Tahun 2020 memberikan kepastian hukum, subtansinya mengatur secara jelas kewenangan Bupati/Walikota menunda Pilkades Serentak karena situasi darurat COVID-19 serta mekanisme dan teknis pelaksanaan Pilkades Serentak dalam situasi darurat COVID-19. Akibat hukum dari penundaan Pilkades di Masa Pandemi adalah banyak desa yang akan dipimpin oleh seorang Penjabat Kepala Desa. Kedepan ketentuan mengenai penundaan Pilkades Serentak karena force majeur diatur secara jelas dalam peraturan perundangan-undangan dan dalam pelaksanaan tugas oleh Penjabat Kepala Desa harus dilakukan dengan penuh tanggung jawab, karena Penjabat memiliki tugas, wewenang, kewajiban dan hak yang sama seperti Kepala Desa definitif.

Objective: The objectives of the Prospective observational study were to identify the frequency of abdominal compartment syndrome and intraabdominal hypertension in patients undergoing emergency laparotomy for trauma and peritonitis and to determine the impact of raised intraabdominal pressure on the overall morbidity and mortality. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted in the department of surgery Benazir Bhutto Hospital Rawalpindi. From June 2013 to May 2014 a total of 50 patients undergoing emergency laparotomy were included. IAP was measured preoperatively then postoperatively at 0, 6, 24 hours, and the findings were recorded on a specially designed preform. The patients having higher IAP were further evaluated up to 72 hours. All vitals, urine output, oxygen saturation, serum urea, creatinine were noted. The main outcomes were duration of hospital stay, the occurrence of burst abdomen, and mortality. Results: At the preoperative level the incidence of IAH was 86%. The mortality association with IAH at 6 hours postoperatively was quite significant (P

Įžanga Atliktas Respublikinės Vilniaus universitetinės ligoninės 1996–2013 metų tulžies pūslės chirurgijos retrospektyvusis auditas, apibendrinantis 18 metų operacijų patirtį. Svarbiausias tyrimo tikslas – apibūdinti su laparoskopine cholecistektomija (LC) siejamą tulžies latakų sužalojimo riziką. Metodai LC metu, siekdami identifikuoti tulžies pūslės lataką ir jos arteriją, laikėmės infundibulinės metodikos principų. Jatrogeniniai tulžies latakų sužalojimai susisteminti į penkias klases pagal Bismutho ir Strasbergo klasifikaciją. Siekdami nustatyti Lietuvos gydytojų publikacijas, kuriose analizuojamos laparoskopinės cholecistektomijos komplikacijos, naudojomės http://scholar.google.co.uk paieškos sistema. Taikyti standartiniai vienfaktoriai ir daugiafaktoriai statistinės analizės būdai. Rezultatai Atliktos 13 274 cholecistektomijos, iš jų LC – 11 189 kartus (84,29 %). 5241 (39,48 %) pacientas laparoskopiškai operuotas dėl ūminio, 8033 (60,52 %) – dėl lėtinio cholecistito. Tulžies latakai sužaloti 45 ligoniams, iš jų 42 sužalojimai siejami su LC. Laparoskopinės operacijos metu tulžies latakai buvo sužaloti 2,7 karto dažniau nei per atvirąją (0,38 % vs 0,14 %, ŠS = 2,6149, 95 % PI 0,8097–8,4442, z = 1,607, p = 0,1080). Operuojant pacientus dėl ūminio cholecistito, jatrogeninių tulžies latakų sužalojimų pasitaikė du kartus dažniau (0,5 % vs 0,24 %, ŠS = 2,1029, 95 % PI 1,1627–3,8034, z = 2,459, p = 0,0140). Su LC siejamų jatrogeninių tulžies latakų sužalojimų rizika yra 1:261. 2010–2013 metais jų padaugėjo. Tulžies pūslės latako nesandarumo rizika po LC yra 1:323 (tai didele dalimi atspindi specifinę technologijos problemą). Pagrindinių šoninių tulžies latakų sužalojimų rizika yra 1:247 (tai chirurginės technikos problema). E klasės sužalojimo rizika 1:1243. 2000–2013 metais su LC siejama 40 % (17/42) jatrogeninių tulžies latakų sužalojimų. Hospitalinis mirštamumas nuo tulžies latakų sužalojimo buvo 11 % (5/45). Išvados Jatrogeniniai tulžies latakų sužalojimai yra nedažni, bet pavojingi. Tyrimas išryškino koncepcinius, sisteminius ir techninius LC trūkumus. Kadangi laparoskopinės cholecistektomijos kultūra prasideda nuo operacijai tinkamų pacientų atrankos, išsamiai infomuoto paciento sutikimo, šiuolaikinių pripažintų technologinių ir techninių priklausinių bei racionalių, pacientų saugumą užtikrinančių sprendimų, ji turi keistis. Ir ne tik įstaigoje, kurioje buvo atliktas šis klinikinis tyrimas, bet ir visose kitose geografinio regiono gydymo įstaigose, jeigu jose praktikuojama tokia pati arba metodologiškai panaši tulžies pūslės chirurgija.

Dye-labeled protein microspheres, submicron in size and capable of producing thermoelastically generated ultrasound in response to laser stimulation, are presented as contrast agents for photoacoustic imaging. Incident laser energy absorbed by fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)–labeled elastin submicrospheres results in thermoelastically generated sound production. Plotted A-line graphs reveal a distinctive morphology and a greater than two orders of magnitude increase in signal amplitude subsequent to converting FITC elastin into submicrospheres (despite a four orders of magnitude decrease in concentration). Evidence of nonlinearity and enhancement of ultrasound backscatter indicate a potential use in contrast-enhanced harmonic imaging. Photoacoustic and ultrasound imaging of FITC-elastin submicrospheres in a water-filled phantom vessel shows enhanced contrast at low concentration and clear delineation of the phantom vessel wall. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]