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In the last two decades, much have been written on Balochistan and the Baloch ethnonational movement but none examined the rise and fall of the Baloch national movement and the internal divisions amongst the contending Baloch tribes and the covert roles played by different actors of the time. Thus, this paper aims to fill this gap and it critically evaluate the rise and fall of Baloch nationalism during the British era, 1839 to 1947-48. It discusses the advent of the British to Balochistan and their policies towards the Khanate of Kalat. The paper also recounts the internal division between the various and contending Baloch tribes as well as the covert role played by the members of the ruling family of Kalat, the Kalat administration, and the Baloch Sardars. The main argument of this research revolves around the conundrum of internal division amongst the contending Baloch tribes and the dual role played by the Khan (the ruler of Kalat) that weakens the Khanate of Kalat, which ultimately incorporated into the Pakistani federation in 1948. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to explore the history of the Baloch ethno-national conflict within the Pakistani federation and its evolving trends over the time. It further examines the strategies of the state in resolving the conflict within the federation of Pakistan. This paper also deliberates whether the ongoing conflict(2002 to date) is about power sharing, self-determination, complete independence, or the failure of the state to address the Baloch problem within the parameters of federation. The paper is qualitative in nature which investigated and analysed different facts and events that displayed flaws in the Pakistani federation which has been unsuccessful to bridge the political differences of the Baloch within the federal structure of Pakistan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]