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The goals of this study were to investigate technical and vocational education (TVET) teachers’ progress in their knowledge, perceptions, and competencies related to Industry 4.0 components and Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) within the context of a professional development program. A case study design was followed to reveal in-depth information on teacher improvement. Data sources included the Teacher Knowledge Survey, Teacher Perceptions Survey, and Industry 4.0 and STEM Competencies Survey. Results indicated significant improvement in teachers’ Industry 4.0 competencies and their content knowledge of Industry 4.0 components and STEM. Teachers reported a culture of collaboration in their school, increased teacher and student motivation, and positive attitudes toward TVET with implementation of the STEM PD program. The results point to the need to help teachers in designing certain aspects of STEM lesson plans including the integration of mobile programming, robotic programming and virtual reality meaningfully into the lesson content. Further implications for research and practice are presented in light of the findings.

This study aimed to adapt the Perceived Self Efficacy toward STEM Knowledge Survey, developed by Lee, Hsu, and Chang (2019), into Turkish to measure teachers' self-efficacy perceptions regarding STEM education. For this purpose, validity and reliability analyzes of the survey were made. Participants were 204 in-service teachers who were working in different branches and from various cities in Turkey. A confirmatory factor analysis was performed to investigate whether the survey showed a similar structure with six factors and 30 items as the original version. The study findings showed that the adapted survey consisted of six factors, namely, scientific inquiry, technology use, engineering design, mathematical thinking, and synthesized knowledge of STEM and attitudes toward STEM education. Also, the t-test results of 30 items in the survey were found to be significant. The Cronbach's Alpha reliability coefficient was calculated as .972. The results demonstrated that the Turkish version of the Perceived Self Efficacy toward STEM Knowledge survey consisting of 6 factors and 30 items was a valid and reliable measurement tool.

Governmental and educational organizations have pointed out that students coming into the biological sciences require stronger skills in statistics and data modeling that are not usually addressed ...

Objective To compare the efficacy of video-assisted self-directed neonatal resuscitation skills course with video-assisted facilitator-led course. Methods This multicenter, randomized, blinded, non-inferiority-controlled trial compared two methods of teaching basic neonatal resuscitation skills using mask ventilation. Groups of novice providers watched an instructional video. One group received instructor facilitation (Ins-Video). The other group did not (Self-Video). An Objective Structured Clinical Exam (OSCE) measured skills performance, and a written test gauged knowledge. Results One hundred and thirty-four students completed the study. Sixty-three of 68 in the Self-Video Group (92.6%) and 59 of 66 in the Ins-Video Group (89.4%) achieved post-training competency in positive pressure ventilation (primary outcome). OSCE passing rates were low in both groups. Knowledge survey scores were comparable between groups and non-inferior. Conclusions Video self-instruction taught novice providers positive pressure ventilation skills and theoretical knowledge, but it was insufficient for mastery of basic neonatal resuscitation in simulation environment.

Palliative care relies on a team approach to manage the complex needs of patients and families living with serious illness. This article describes an interprofessional team's aim to develop an interactive online curriculum in palliative care, with an emphasis on interprofessional education (IPE). The aim of the program is to address the need for formalized interprofessional palliative care education. The interdisciplinary team identified the need for formalized education efforts within our clinical space. To address the need, the team designed an online curriculum based in the core competencies of palliative care and IPE. A new model was established, with the themes of learning about "people," learning the "job," and learning "respect." The team followed the plan-do-study-act model to guide their process. The newly developed interprofessional online curriculum was utilized by palliative care trainees from various disciplines and levels of education. Pre- and post-tests to measure the knowledge, behavior, attitudes, and skills needed for teamwork and core palliative care competencies were completed. Forty-three medical and nursing students, undergraduate and graduate, completed the pretest, and 32 students completed the post-test. Results indicate that learners are growing in interprofessional skills and attitudes, but not in formalized knowledge of palliative care as a result of their clinical experience. Results suggest that more formalized knowledge may need to be provided to learners who come to this clinical experience, which could be delivered through the online curriculum. The knowledge survey should also be re-evaluated for clarity and content.

Objectives To examine the effects of the Roy Adaptation Model-based interventions on adaptation in persons with heart failure. Methods A quasi-experimental study was conducted in Hangzhou, China, from March 2018 to November 2019. A convenience sample of 112 participants with heart failure from a multi-campus hospital was enrolled. Participants were allocated into an intervention group (n = 55) and a control group (n = 57) according to their hospitalized campus. A culturally-tailored care plan intervention based on the Roy Adaptation Model was performed in the intervention group. The control group received bedside patient education and a regular booklet for HF home care before discharge. Heart ultrasound, Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire (MLHFQ), a knowledge survey, Self-care Heart failure Index (SCHFI), and Coping and Adaptation Processing Scale-Short Form (CAPS-SF) were used to measure patients’ levels of adaptation of physical function, self-concept, role function, and interdependence at baseline and six months after discharge. Results Ninety-one participants with complete data, 43 in the intervention group and 48 in the control group, were included in the analysis for the primary endpoints and showed adaptive improvement trends. Most patients in the intervention group completed 60% or more of the given interventions. At the sixth month after discharge, compared with the control group, the intervention group had improved adaptive behaviors showing higher scores of the MLHFQ (70.90 ± 22.45 vs. 54.78 ± 18.04), heart failure-related knowledge (13.79 ± 2.45 vs. 10.73 ± 4.28), SCHFI maintenance (57.67 ± 13.22 vs. 50.35 ± 10.88), and CAPS-SF (40.23 ± 4.36 vs. 38.27 ± 2.60) at the six-month follow-up (P ＜ 0.05). There were no significant differences between the two groups in the scores of left ventricular ejection fraction, scores of SCHFI management and SCHFI confidence subscales (P > 0.05). Conclusions The findings reported evidence of positive adaptation in patients with heart failure, indicating that the Roy Adaptation Model is an effective guide for developing an implemented framework for the nursing practice of the patients. The culturally-tailored care plan intervention is helpful to improve adaptation of patients with heart failure.

Purpose Wearable devices are commonly used to measure physical activity. However, it remains unclear the effect of wearing these devices on health awareness. Our aim was to provide evidence related to wearing physical activity trackers and health awareness. Methods A quantitative comparison study design was used comparing participants who wore physical activity tracking devices (n = 108) and those who did not (n = 112). A paper-based Physical Health Knowledge survey designed for the purpose of this research was used for data collection in 2018. Results A difference between participants who wore physical activity tracking devices and those that did not was identified in relation to activity levels and physical health awareness. Wearable devices are suggested as an opportunity for nurses to engage people in physical activity with the potential to improve their health awareness. Conclusions Nurses are well placed in the healthcare landscape to work with patients who own an activity tracker device concerning increasing activity self-monitoring. This information the patient has from the device can also form the basis of health discussions between nurses and the people in their care.

Introduction Palestinian society is going through health transition that is associated with increase in chronic diseases due to poor dietary habits so adequate integration of nutrition information is important. Aims The aim of this study is to find the association between nutrition literacy and diet behavior among a group of Palestinian participants. Methods A sample of 101 Palestinian participants were recruited to participate in the study. An online survey was used to collect study data. Newest Vital Sign quiz was used to collect information on nutrition literacy and Short Format of the Diet Health and Knowledge Survey (SFDHKS) was used to collect information on diet behavior and USDA food security questionnaire was used to collect data on food security. Data was analyzed utilizing SPSS 21. Results This study included 101 participants, mean age 22.7 y ± 8.7 y, mainly females (females were 83.2% and males were 16.8%). 5.7% of the study participants were obese, 13.8% overweight and 10.3% were underweight. The prevalence of adequate nutrition literacy was 29%. There was minimal association between diet behavior and nutrition literacy, food security and BMI categories, but significant association with income and living in city relative to village (p Conclusion There is low prevalence of adequate nutrition literacy. Nutrition literacy depends on social and economic aspects but further research is need to understand its relationship to diet behavior.

Objectives As part of a study to construct a shared-medical decision tool for ovarian cancer maintenance therapy (MT), we developed a knowledge survey to measure patients’ understanding of their cancer and treatment. With the recent expansion of MT indications, patients need to decide if MT is right for them. An understanding of potential risks and benefits associated with MT is paramount to making an informed decision. We explored knowledge differences between newly diagnosed and recurrent patients. Methods A 32-question survey focused on ovarian cancer (OC) and MT was developed based on interviews with patients and subject matter experts. The survey was modified iteratively using cognitive interviews with patients. Patients with OC with ≥ 3 cycles of chemotherapy and cytoreductive surgery completed the survey by email or phone. No prior background information was given to patients. Results Clinico-demographic characteristics are shown in table 1 (n=87). Sixty percent had recurrent disease. General knowledge about advanced OC was similar between groups. The majority of patients did not understand the purpose of MT or the definition of progression-free survival. The recurrent group showed a similar lack of knowledge in the same questions as the newly diagnosed group, with no statistically significant differences observed (figure 1). Conclusions Our data suggests that knowledge of OC among patients is highly variable. The overall lack of understanding regarding the goal of MT even among patients who have recurred is concerning. These gaps in knowledge suggest an important role for shared decision making to improve patients’ decision making about treatment of advanced OC.

Intercultural competence (ICC) and health literacy (HL) are vital components of patient education. The purpose of this study was to determine if an educational intervention that combined ICC and HL was effective at changing second-year nursing students' self-efficacy, beliefs, and knowledge. A total of 157 second-year nursing students in two different programs participated in pre- and post-surveys consisting of the Transcultural Self-Efficacy Tool and Health Literacy Beliefs and Knowledge survey. Students attended a two-part lecture with a moderated panel on ICC and health literacy and began clinical fieldwork. Results were analyzed using Wilcoxon signed-rank test and Pearson correlation. There was a statistically significant difference in all ICC subscales after an educational intervention and clinical fieldwork (cognitive z = 7.681, p < .001; practical z = 7.319, p < .001; affective z = 6.533, p < .001). HL knowledge and belief measures showed statistically significant difference after the intervention ( z = 3.037, p < .001). There was a statistically significant correlation between intercultural self-efficacy and HL beliefs (Pearson's r = .486, p < .001). Self-efficacy in ICC and beliefs and knowledge in HL increased over time for nursing students, indicating that it may be beneficial to train students about these two constructs simultaneously. [ HLRP: Health Literacy Research and Practice . 2021;5(4):e283–e286.]

Because urinary continence is an essential indicator for quality of life for older adults in long-term care, it is important to accurately assess and treat those at risk for incontinence. This evaluation study was to increase understanding of the issues related to the implementation of bladder scanners while exploring nursing staff knowledge about continence care of older adults in long-term care settings. Using a mixed-methods design, nursing care staff (RN, LPN, Care Aide) at six long-term care homes completed a bladder care knowledge survey and participated in focus group discussions to explore continence care knowledge and use of bladder scanners to manage continence issues. Twenty-eight nursing care staff participated; findings showed continence care knowledge varied by profession, and the use of portable bladder scanners is affected by knowledge, training, and scopes of practice. Going forward, exploring scopes of practice and education are needed for effective assessment, management, and treatment of continence.

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE:Pelvic floor disorders are prevalent conditions affecting up to 50% of women. Yet, women have a poor understanding and low rates of care utilization for these disorders. ...

Objective : Asthma is the most common acute and chronic inflammatory airway disease of childhood with recurrent respiratory symptoms such as shortness of breath, wheezing, chest tightness and cough. Adequate knowledge about childhood asthma and treatment in general pediatric expertise is essential for effective control of the disease. The aim of this study was to evaluate the knowledge and practices of pediatricians on drugs used in childhood asthma. Material and Method : 200 children health and disease specialists or assistant physicians participated in our study. A total of 40 questions about the drugs used in the treatment of asthma were applied to physicians. Results : The number of correct answers given to the test by the specialists and the physicians more than 5 years was significantly higher than the number of correct answers given by the asistant physicians and the physicians with less than 5 years (p: 0.001). Gender showed no significant difference in terms of responding to the test (p: 0,881). Conclusion : Although there are some differences in asthma guidelines and practical approach, most of the pediatricians comply with the guidelines. The duration of the job and being an expert or assistant make a significant difference, gender showed no significant difference in terms of responding to the test. It is believed that education is necessary at regular intervals after graduation in order to provide more effective and standardized treatment for children with asthma.

Introduction: Individuals with chronic kidney disease (CKD) generally have poor participation in self-care. We hypothesized that greater kidney disease knowledge and health literacy would associate with better self-care. Methods: We enrolled 401 participants with non–dialysis-dependent CKD from one academic center in this cross-sectional study. Validated surveys were used to assess health literacy level (inadequate vs. adequate; Rapid Estimate of Adult Literacy in Medicine), perceived kidney disease knowledge (Perceived Kidney Disease Knowledge Survey [PiKS]), objective kidney disease knowledge (Kidney Disease Knowledge Survey [KiKS]), and a CKD self-care measure was constructed as the sum of self-reported self-care behaviors using the adapted Summary of Diabetes Self-Care Activities Assessment. The association between health literacy level, PiKS scores, KiKS scores, and the CKD self-care measure was assessed with multivariable adjusted linear regression models. Results: Participants had a mean age of 57 years and 17.7% had inadequate health literacy. PiKS scores were positively associated with the CKD self-care measure (β = 1.05, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.50–1.63), and a positive trend was observed for KiKS scores and the CKD self-care measure (β = 0.30, 95% CI: −0.12 to 0.72). Health literacy was not associated with CKD self-care measure. Conclusion: Objective kidney disease knowledge is likely necessary, but not sufficient for self-care and may depend on the level of health literacy. Perceived kidney knowledge may offer a novel target to assess patients at risk for poor self-care, and be used in targeted educational interventions. Keywords: health literacy, kidney disease knowledge, perceived kidney disease knowledge, self-care, self-efficacy, self-management

The degree of understanding of puberty is still very varied. It has an impact on the cleanliness of erroneous menstruation, which will have long-term effects on reproductive health. The study aims to identify adolescent knowledge about normal puberty and menstrual cycles. This research was a quantitative study of observational approach by using the knowledge survey of normal puberty and the menstrual cycle involving 55 students of State Junior High School (SMPN) 1 Parakan, Temanggung, Central Java. The technicality used descriptive statistics. The results of this study revealed that knowledge of the degree of normal paper and the menstrual cycle was still low (21.33%). The main sources of information about puberty and menstruation are thousands (85.5%). Teenagers do not know about the interval between the onset of puberty and menarche (87%), few adolescents understand the first sign of puberty (33%). Most teenagers have understood the normal menstrual cycle correctly (78%). There was no significant relationship between knowledge of the first sign of puberty with respondents' understanding of belief. Meanwhile, there was a significant relationship between menstrual status and knowledge about the menstrual cycle and the number of replacement pads. The results showed that students have a poor understanding of puberty, hence, health education must be given to students and their parents., Pemahaman remaja tentang pubertas masih sangat bervariasi, hal ini berdampak pada tindakan kebersihan menstruasi yang salah, yang akan berdampak jangka panjang pada kesehatan reproduksi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi pengetahuan remaja tentang pubertas normal dan siklus menstruasi. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif pendekatan observasional dengan menggunakan angket survei pengetahuan pubertas normal dan siklus menstruasi yang melibatkan 55 orang siswi SMP N 1 Parakan Temanggung Jawa Tengah. Tehnik analisis menggunakan statistik deskriptif. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan pengetahuan remaja tentang pubertas normal dan siklus menstruasi masih rendah (21,33%). Sumber informasi utama tentang pubertas dan menstruasi adalah ibu (85,5%). Remaja tidak mengetahui tentang jarak waktu permulaan pubertas sampai terjadi menarche (87%), sedikit remaja yang paham tentang tanda pertama pubertas (33%). Sebagian besar remaja telah memahami siklus menstruasi normal dengan benar (78%). Tidak ada hubungan signifikan antara pengetahuan tanda pertama pubertas dengan keyakinan pemahaman responden. Terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara status menstruasi dengan pengetahuan tentang siklus menstruasi dan jumlah penggantian pembalut. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa siswi memiliki pemahaman yang kurang tentang pubertas sehingga pendidikan kesehatan harus diberikan pada siswi dan orang tuanya.

Patients with advanced stages of chronic kidney disease (CKD), especially racial minorities, often do not receive treatment or education until specific symptoms begin to manifest. The Patient Referral and Education Program prior to Renal Replacement Therapy (PREP-RRT) study is intended to capture the perspective of African Americans receiving renal care and then tailor education for hospitalized patients who may not be well linked to the medical system. In the U.S., African Americans and other minorities are less likely to be seen by a nephrologist prior to dialysis and the lack of pre-dialysis care and education is associated with lower likelihood of pre-emptive transplant. The primary outcome for the PREP-RRT study will be change in patient knowledge, attitudes and behavior about CKD treatment options which will be assessed by the previously validated Kidney Knowledge Survey (KiKS). Secondary outcomes of interest are patient satisfaction with education, time-to-event for nephrology appointment, appearance at transplant center, likelihood of fistula, self-care dialysis at dialysis initiation, or documentation of patient decision not to initiate RRT. The PREP RRT intervention will identify, educate and motivate patients to increase CKD self-care and to improve communication and shared decision-making about RRT treatments among patients, their families and their providers.

Introduction: One of the solutions to reduce unregistered drugs usage is via awareness and educational programmes. The aim of this study is to determine the significance difference of patients’ level of knowledge between control and intervention groups towards registered drugs. Method: The study used a pre- and post-test by answering the validated survey during October-November 2018 at a tertiary hospital in Malaysia. It has two groups as an intervention group (IG) receiving counseling and control group (CG) which did not receive any counseling. This study used systematic random sampling. The data analysis was performed using SPSS version 23. Descriptive data was reported, including the answers each question, score, level of knowledge based on the percentages and the socio-demographic data. The pre and post differences of the score between control and intervention groups were assessed using ANCOVA. Result: A total of 657 respondents were obtained which overall response rate of 93%). Majority of the participants are aged between 18-28 years old (47%), female (58.3), Malay (47.4%), Degree holder (69.1%) and in the government sector (38.3%). However, the majority of participants are in the category of the acceptable level of knowledge towards registered drugs (40.8%) and only 3.5% of the participants are in the category of excellent. However, about 66.1% of the participants have scored above 50%. It can be considered that the majority of the participants have knowledge about registered drugs. IG group displayed significantly higher post-test results compared with CG group (p

Objective: The aim of the study was to evaluate the levels of nurse’s knowledge on prevention of pressure ulcers and its associated factors.Methods: This is a cross-sectional, descriptive study. The research sample consisted of 250 nurses who worked at a training research hospital from 1 September to 1 December 2016. The research data were collected using the “Nurse Information Form” and “Pressure Ulcer Prevention Knowledge Survey” prepared in light of the literature.ResultsResults: The sample was mostly undergraduate (70.0%) and the mean age was 26.11±5.33 years. Nurses (98.8%) indicated that “advanced age” has a significant influence among risk factors that cause pressure ulcers. The item on the “Pressure Ulcer Prevention Knowledge Survey”, that was answered incorrectly most often (92.8%) was “when conscious patients with learning ability sit on chairs, they should be informed that they should shift their weight every 15 minutes,” in the sub-dimension of “Nursing Interventions for Preventing Pressure Ulcers”. There was a statistically significant difference between the knowledge level scores of nurses with respect to nurses’ age, education level, working unit and pressure ulcer education (p

The present research investigates students’ degree of engagement and per-ceptions in a telecollaboration project which incorporates the use of the WebRTC (Web Real-time Communication) protocol and Peer-to-Peer (P2P) communication to develop a virtual exchange in a second language envi-ronment. WebRTC is an open source technology that simplifies the tele-communication process thanks to its inherent characteristics such as P2P connectivity, no plugins installation, scalability and accessibility. The study involved 32 participants from two different universities who partici-pated in a teletandem exchange over a period of 4 months. Task design con-sisted of information exchange and information gap activities that were giv-en to students in order to foster the interaction. A mixed methods approach was used and students’ engagement was measured through the use of a log, a pre-existing knowledge survey and an engagement scale. An additional sur-vey analysing students’ perceptions was also given to students at the end of the project. Inferential statistics showed significant results in terms of emo-tional, behavioral and cognitive engagement. Furthermore, WebRTC earned a high acceptance among students participating in the virtual exchange and advantages and pitfalls of using this technology were observed throughout the project.

Background: Hazardous Materials and Chemical/Biological/Radiological/Nuclear (HazMat-CBRN) incidents represent a serious threat to the population and the environment1. They require a pre-hospital medical response system well equipped and supported with logistics and clinicians with appropriate knowledge and skills to prevent exposure and mitigate risks. Our aim is to determine if the Hamad Medical Corporation Ambulance Service (HMCAS) fulfils the pre-hospital readiness requirements for such incidents. Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed in HMCAS. An online survey assessed staff behaviour and knowledge in relation to HazMat-CBRN incidents. Responses were obtained on health risks and pre-hospital medical management of related threats in Qatar. Based on the results, a training module “HazMat Incident Management” was prepared with pre-/post-activity assessments. The results were explored using a multivariate linear regression and non-parametric Wilcoxon test for paired samples. Specialized Emergency Management (SEM) staff opinion about this training was assessed through an online survey. Both surveys’ validity and reliability tests were conducted. Ishikawa cause and effects diagram was built for the identification of the factors leading to a pre-hospital successful response to HazMat-CBRN incidents. Results: HMCAS has the proper logistics and plans to manage potential HazMat-CBRN incidents. The knowledge survey demonstrated that the pre-hospital medical staff information about this topic needs reinforcement. The multivariate linear regression (Table 1)and non-parametric Wilcoxon test (Table 2) demonstrated that this was obtained thanks to the implemented training module. The course satisfaction survey showed not only a big interest in this activity but also staff recommended more related topics2. Earlier-RSDAT (Recognition, Safety, Decontamination, Antidot, Transport) is a tool proposed as a response acronym to build a successful risk-based response for HazMat CBRN incidents in pre-hospital setting3. Conclusion: HMCAS fulfills the readiness requirements for safe and effective response to potential HazMat-CBRN incidents in Qatar. The RSDAT response matrix might help in mitigating pre-hospital response risks.

Synopsis Global expansion of lighting and noise pollution alters how animals receive and interpret environmental cues. However, we lack a cross-taxon understanding of how animal traits influence species vulnerability to this growing phenomenon. This knowledge is needed to improve the design and implementation of policies that mitigate or reduce sensory pollutants. We present results from an expert knowledge survey that quantified the relative influence of 21 ecological, anatomical, and physiological traits on the vulnerability of terrestrial vertebrates to elevated levels of anthropogenic lighting and noise. We aimed not only to quantify the importance of threats and the relative influence of traits as viewed by sensory and wildlife experts, but to examine knowledge gaps based on the variation in responses. Identifying traits that had less consensus can guide future research for strengthening ecologists’ and conservation biologists’ understanding of sensory abilities. Our findings, based on 280 responses of expert opinion, highlight the increasing recognition among experts that sensory pollutants are important to consider in management and conservation decisions. Participant responses show mounting threats to species with narrow niches; especially habitat specialists, nocturnal species, and those with the greatest ability to differentiate environmental visual and auditory cues. Our results call attention to the threat specialist species face and provide a generalizable understanding of which species require additional considerations when developing conservation policies and mitigation strategies in a world altered by expanding sensory pollutant footprints. We provide a step-by-step example for translating these results to on-the-ground conservation planning using two species as case studies.

Background: The novel coronavirus and its effect on our society are unprecedented. Given the recent pandemic, numerous measures have been taken to protect our communities. We sought to understand our school community's knowledge and the measures that were taken by our school for our safety.Objective: Our objective was to describe the overall understanding and attitudes of 8–12th grade students from a single institution during the initial phase of the Wisconsin's Governor's stay-at-home order.Methods: A voluntary web-based survey was communicated to 8–12th grade students through their online school portal. Data were collected and analyzed using SurveyMonkey.Results: There was a 20.2% response rate. Answers regarding the coronavirus, spread, and response to the coronavirus pandemic showed a high level of understanding of the virus and the actions necessary to prevent its spread.Conclusion: Eight-twelfth grade students have a high level of understanding of the virus, its effects, and the safety measures implemented to protect society.

After acquiring knowledge of the neuroscience of learning, memory, stress and emotions, teachers incorporate more cognitive engagement and student-centered practices into their lessons. However, the role understanding neuroscience plays in teachers own affective and motivational competencies has not yet been investigated. The goal of this study was to investigate how learning neuroscience effected teachers’ self-efficacy, beliefs in their ability to teach effectively, self-responsibility and other components of teacher motivation. A pilot training-of-trainers program was designed and delivered in Liberia combining basic neuroscience with information on social, emotional, behavioral and mental health issues faced by students. Tier I of the professional development was a 2 weeks workshop led by a visiting neuroscientist. A subset of the 24 Tier I secondary science teachers formed a Leadership Team who adapted the content to the Liberian context and subsequently led additional workshops and follow-up sessions for the Tier II secondary science teachers. Science teachers in both tiers completed the affective-motivational scales from the internationally vetted, multiscale Innovative Teaching for Effective Learning Teacher Knowledge Survey from the OECD. Tier II teachers completed the survey in a pre-post-delayed post design. Tier I teachers completed the survey after the workshop with their attitudes at that time and separately with retrospective projections of their pre-workshop attitudes. Ten of the 92 Tier II teachers participated in structured interviews at follow-up. Statistical analysis of survey data demonstrated improved teacher self-efficacy, self-responsibility for student outcomes, and motivation to teach. Qualitatively, teachers expressed more confidence in their ability to motivate students, engage them through active learning, and manage the class through positive rather than negative reinforcement. Teachers’ own self-regulation improved as they made efforts to build supporting relationships with students. Together, these results demonstrated that (i) teacher affective-motivational attitudes can be altered with professional development, (ii) basic neuroscience, as knowledge of how students learn, can improve teacher competency, and (iii) a training-of-trainers model can be effective in a low and middle income country for disseminating neuroscience knowledge, increasing teachers’ knowledge of students’ social and emotional needs, and promoting educational improvement.

Background Immunotherapy is the first-line treatment for melanoma and lung cancer and brings new risks of immune-related adverse events. We aimed to describe patients’ knowledge about risks, benefits, and goals of immunotherapy. Materials and Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study of patients with advanced melanoma or non-small cell lung cancer that used a 9-item knowledge survey and questions from the Prognosis and Treatment Perceptions Questionnaire. Results We surveyed 105 participants (57 with melanoma, 48 with lung cancer) with median age 69 years (range 36–89). Participants’ responses revealed knowledge deficits about immunotherapy mechanism of action and lack of awareness about the timing and severity of side effects. One third (34%; 36/105) of participants reported that the primary goal of their treatment is to cure their cancer. Conclusion Given the widespread use of immunotherapy, patients would benefit from educational tools so that they know what to expect regarding side effects and prognosis.

Objectives To evaluate the impact of a 12-month multi-modal public health intervention programme for treating and preventing anaemia among children aged 6 months to 4 years in an underserved community in Peru. Methods The intervention included nutritional education, use of a Lucky Iron Fish® cooking tool, and dietary supplementation. The primary outcome measure was anaemia resolution. Secondary outcomes included absolute changes in haemoglobin, change in knowledge survey scores and adherence to interventions. Chi-square test and Mann-Whitney U-test were employed to identify associations between anaemia and intervention-related measures. Variables found to be significantly associated in bivariate analysis or of clinical importance were included in a logistic regression model. Results Of the 406 children enrolled, 256 (63.1%) completed the programme. Of those, 34.0% had anaemia at baseline; this decreased to 13.0% over 12 months. The mean haemoglobin for all ages at baseline was 11.3 g/dL (SD 0.9). At 12 months, the mean was 11.9 g/dL (SD 0.8), with a mean increase of 0.5 g/dL (95% CI 0.4-0.6). Children with anaemia at baseline saw an increase of 1.19 g/dL at the 12-month follow-up (95% CI 1.12-1.37). Parents correctly answered 79.0% of knowledge assessment questions at baseline, which increased to 86.6% at 12 months. Conclusions We observed a reduction in the prevalence of mild to moderate anaemia among study participants in this vulnerable population and conclude that multi-modal intervention programmes providing nutrition education in conjunction with low-cost iron supplementation and easy-to-use Lucky Iron Fish® cooking tools may reduce and prevent anaemia in children.

Transversal competences such as sustainability or critical thinking have become more important in the last decades in University teaching. The objective of this article is to assess the effectiveness of debate as a teaching method capable of fostering such competences in engineering students. To do this, a debate activity has been held facing two reasonable positions: Sustainable Development versus Degrowth. The research methodology consisted of performing this activity in the classroom (with 13 students in this particular case study), and conducting some tests before and after the debate that served as feedback to assess the effectiveness of the debate on the learning process. This feedback is composed of different documents, including a pre-post test, a specific survey about the debate, a pre-post knowledge survey and the Student Evaluation of Educational Quality (SEEQ) survey. A methodology for the organization of the debate is proposed and the answers of the students to these feedback documents are analyzed. As it can be inferred from the different surveys, the debate has been an efficient learning tool to acquire knowledge and to develop sustainability and critical thinking competences, This research was supported by the project HEATSTORE (Ref.: PCI2018-092933), granted by the AEI (Government of Spain).

Introduction The opioid crisis continues to claim lives at historically unprecedented levels and shows few signs of abating. One means of mitigating the harm from opioid abuse and unintentional overdose is training and equipping police officers to administer intranasal (IN) naloxone as part of a broader public health response. While an increasing number of state and local agencies have implemented law enforcement officer (LEO) naloxone training programs, due to the novelty of these programs, the evidence of program efficacy is limited. This study describes the implementation and evaluation of a LEO training program in opioid overdose recognition, management, and administration of IN naloxone. Methods This evaluation consisted of a secondary analysis of de-identified administrative quality assurance data. Police officers in Howard County, Maryland (n=281) underwent an IN naloxone training program between June and July 2015. The training program entailed a 30-minute online component, a 45-minute in-service session, and a 15-question post-test (n=228). The success of the training program was evaluated via an opioid overdose knowledge survey administered at 30 days (n=207) and 6 months (n=182) after training. Results The 30-day and 6-month scores for all knowledge outcomes indicated that officers retained the contents of the training program well over time. After six months, 100% of respondents correctly identified the physiological effects of naloxone administration, and 95.6% correctly identified the opioid-containing drugs that may result in overdose. At the six-month mark, 74.59% correctly identified the initial signs of opioid overdose, and 60.99% correctly identified the time required for IN to begin working. Conclusion LEOs exhibit the ability to retain the contents of IN training over 30-day and 6-month periods and express confidence in their ability to assist suspected opioid overdose victims. Further research is necessary to determine the degree to which further knowledge decay might occur, the sustained ability to implement this knowledge under real-world conditions, and the subsequent effects on overdose victim survival.

Introduction: There is a high degree of perceived stigma among adults with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), with up to 84% considering a social stereotype against them due to their condition. This may negatively impact their treatment adherence and quality of life, as well as practical issues such as gaining urgent access to public bathroom facilities. It has been demonstrated that higher public knowledge levels can reduce public stigma, yet little is known about the general level of understanding of IBD in the community. A study was performed to ascertain the public knowledge levels of IBD in Christchurch, New Zealand, using a validated assessment tool. Objectives: The aims of this study were to implement a validated knowledge survey (IBD-KID2) among members of the general public in Christchurch, New Zealand, and to assess the level of understanding about IBD. Methods: Recruitment took place at a Health Research and Education showcase event at the University of Otago (Christchurch), which is a free event open to members of the public. All people over the age of 8 years were invited to participate. Demographic information was collected and the disease-specific knowledge assessment survey IBD-KID2 completed by all participants consenting to the research. Results: One hundred people consented to the study, and the mean age 39.9 was years (SD 20, range 12–82 years). Of these 100 participants, 71 were female and 71 had a post-secondary education. Twelve participants had a family history of IBD. The mean IBD-KID2 score was 8.7 (SD 2.9), equal to a percentage total score of 58%. No independent variable was found to be significantly associated with IBD-KID2 scores. The frequency of correct answers showed knowledge deficiencies in the areas of nutrition, treatment, growth, and the cause of IBD. Conclusions: This study highlighted knowledge deficiencies among members of the general public in Christchurch, New Zealand. These topics may be addressed with awareness campaigns in order to maximise community support for adults and children with IBD.

Este artigo tem como objetivo apresentar os saberes tradicionais de uma comunidade amazônica sobre o uso da planta “Hortelã Grande”, como alternativa complementar de saúde e inserir esses saberes em uma proposta curricular para a Educação Básica. Para tanto, foi necessário realizar uma pesquisa qualitativa do tipo descritiva, para levantamento do conhecimento local sobre o uso da planta, tendo sido acessado 25 informantes-chave, moradores da Bacia do Caeté, no Estado do Pará, por meio de entrevistas, observações e aplicação de um formulário padronizado, além da coleta de amostra vegetal para identificação botânica. Em Camutá-PA, a Plectranthus amboinicus Lour, popularmente conhecida como “Hortelã Grande” é usada no tratamento de complicações respiratórias, utilizando-se as folhas. A espécie possui compostos químicos como carvacrol e timol que possuem atividades microbianas, fungitóxicas e antitumoral. Esses saberes tradicionais e científicos possibilitaram a construção de uma proposta curricular que envolve as disciplinas de Língua Portuguesa, Geografia e História, Ensino Religioso, Ciências e Matemática através da teia do conhecimento em Paulo Freire.

Agroecology represents a pertinent option to improve the sustainability of agriculture. To promote its application, agroecological concepts should be taught to students and professionals in the agricultural sector. However, most agricultural courses are not adapted to teach these concepts due to little interactivity or interdisciplinarity, and a lack of a systems approach to farm management. Serious games help to fill these gaps by simulating complex models in which players can learn by doing. We thus developed a serious computer game, called SEGAE (SErious Game for AgroEcology learning), which represents a mixed crop&ndash, livestock farm and assesses impacts of farming practices on indicators related to environmental, economic, and social sustainability. Its pedagogical interest was evaluated through two types of surveys given to university students who played the game during a one-week workshop: A knowledge survey on agroecology, and a feedback survey based on flow theory. Results showed that students increased their knowledge of agroecology significantly, particularly those who had had little knowledge of crop production. More than 86% of the students enjoyed the game, appreciating its interaction and feedback. Thus, SEGAE is an interesting tool to help students acquire knowledge of agroecology in a fun way by facilitating interdisciplinary and collaborative learning.

BACKGROUND Survivorship care plans (SCPs) and care-planning sessions have been recommended for over a decade, yet evidence for their benefit remains mixed. In a randomized trial, changes in survivor knowledge and satisfaction before and after the receipt of an SCP were assessed. METHODS Patients with breast cancer who had completed curative-intent treatment were randomized to immediate versus delayed receipt of an individualized SCP. All participants completed the modified Wisconsin Survey of Cancer Diagnosis and Management in Breast Cancer and the Preparing for Life As a New Survivor survey to assess individual knowledge about cancer diagnosis, treatment, side effects, and follow-up as well as satisfaction with communication and care coordination. Surveys were completed at baseline, at 4 weeks (before delayed receipt), and again at 12 weeks (after all participants had received SCPs); the primary outcome was change in knowledge at 4 weeks. RESULTS In total, 127 eligible women were randomized. An improvement in individual knowledge was observed between baseline and week 12 for both arms combined (+1.6; 95% confidence interval, 0.9-2.3; P < .001). There was no statistically significant difference in the change in knowledge from baseline through week 4 between the arms. No significant change occurred for satisfaction scores over time. CONCLUSIONS This randomized trial of immediate versus delayed SCP receipt demonstrated a small improvement (4%) in survivor knowledge. However, this improvement did not appear to be related to SCP provision. The authors hypothesized that the improvement was because of repeated administration of the knowledge survey. If improved survivor knowledge is a goal, then strategies beyond the 1-time provision and review of an SCP should be explored.

Although adult learners (aged 25–34) have comprised over 33% of all enrolled students in US institutions of higher education, researchers have consistently found adult learners are under-supported by federal and institutional financial aid, leading these students to experience high dropout rates and low graduation rates. To better understand what adult learners understand about the process of applying for federal student aid, this study captured nationally representative survey data from 813 adult learners applying to four-year, bachelor’s degree-granting US institutions of higher education in Fall 2018. A financial aid jargon survey was written to assess what financial aid jargon terms are unfamiliar or confusing to adult learners. Results suggest some adult learners understand financial aid jargon, but many reported jargon as unfamiliar and confusing, such as Free Application for Federal Student Aid, master promissory note, entrance counseling, data retrieval tool, and non-filer’s statement. Implications for research and practice are addressed.

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE:Pelvic floor disorders (PFDs) are prevalent conditions affecting up to 50% of women. Yet, women have a poor understanding and low rates of care utilization for these diso...

Knowledge about trafficking in human beings has several implications for various social service and justice professionals. The aim of this study was to examine the knowledge of social service and justice professionals regarding the characterization of this phenomenon and anti-trafficking policies in Portugal. Four hundred and forty-six social service and justice professionals completed an online Human Trafficking Knowledge survey. The results revealed that Portuguese professionals have, in general, a good level of knowledge about trafficking in human beings, revealing higher-level scores for issues, such as trafficking in human beings' idiosyncrasies and purposes in Portugal, trafficker profiles, criminal behaviour, victim profiles and victimization dynamics. On the other hand, participants scored lower in trafficking in human being's trajectories and specificities within Portugal. This knowledge appeared to be influenced by variables, such as professional experience, previous contact with trafficking and training in trafficking in human beings. National policies must promote professional formal training about trafficking in human beings in different areas., This study was partially conducted at the Psychology Research Centre (UID/PSI/01662/2013), University of Minho, and supported by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology and the Portuguese Ministry of Science, Technology and Higher Education through national funds and co-financed by FEDER through COMPETE2020 under the PT2020 Partnership Agreement (POCI-01-0145-FEDER-007653).

Background: The quality of life of patients undergoing hemodialysis is lower; to improve their living conditions, patients need further training. This study conducted to compare the effectiveness of two methods of text messaging and face to face education on knowledge and quality of life of patients under hemodialysis. Methods: In a semi-experimental study, 60 patients undergoing hemodialysis in Sina-teaching hospital of Tabriz, Iran were selected by convenience sampling and randomly allocated into three groups: two intervention groups: text massaging (p=20), face to face group (n=20) and one control group (n=20). Their knowledge and quality of life were assessed and compared by Chronic Hemodialysis Knowledge Survey (CHeKS) and Kidney Disease Quality of Life-short form (KDQOL-SF) questionnaires. Data were analyzed by SPSS version 13. Results: After intervention, the knowledge of text messaging and face to face groups was significantly more than the control group (p

Objective: To determine if a psychoeducational group (PG) model can improve quality of life (QoL) in patients undergoing IVF. Materials and Methods: Patients starting their first IVF cycle at our institution between 8/13/2019 - 12/31/2020 were recruited. Exclusions included previous IVF treatment, use of donor gametes/embryos, and non-English speakers. Enrolled participants completed baseline surveys (FertiQoL, PHQ-9, GAD-7, the 2-index Connor-Davidson Resilience scale, and an IVF knowledge survey). Participants were assigned to groups of 5-8 couples by projected oocyte retrieval date. Randomization to control (standard of care (SOC)) or intervention (CALM IVF + SOC) was done at the group level. CALM IVF participants attended 3 one-hour PG sessions prior to oocyte retrieval. 3 days after retrieval, all participants repeated surveys. Participants were followed for 3 months after retrieval to determine outcome and return to care. We estimated needing a sample size of 40 to show a 13.5 point difference in FertiQoL scores with 82.5% power and α=0.05. Analyses were performed using Student’s t-tests or Fischer’s exact tests as appropriate. Intent-to-treat analyses were performed for overall group differences as well as for differences in outcomes for those participating during the COVID-19 pandemic (after IVF clinical operations were paused on 3/16/20). Results: 76 couples enrolled. Due to drop-out, 20 females and 11 males participated in CALM IVF, and 20 females and 13 males in the control group. Those randomized to CALM IVF were more likely to experience a cancelled oocyte retrieval or poor embryo development in comparison to control (26% vs 13%). Males had significantly higher total QoL (6.68 [0.39 – 12.98], p=0.039), treatment QoL (8.26 [0.69 – 15.82], p=0.034), and resilience (1.13 [0.54 – 1.72], p=0.001) change in scores from pre-treatment to post-treatment after participating in CALM IVF versus control. Prior to COVID clinical pause, knowledge scores in the CALM IVF group significantly increased compared with control (13.19 [3.53 – 22.84], p=0.011). CALM IVF groups spanning 3/16/2020 and those recruited after had a significant improvement in the social subscale score (11.67 [-0.54 – 22.79], p=0.042 and 10.42 [1.79 – 19.04], p=0.023, respectively). Rates of ongoing pregnancy and return to care were not significantly different between groups. Conclusions: QoL and resilience are improved in males participating in CALM IVF during their first IVF cycle. Prior to COVID-19 shutdowns, CALM IVF improved IVF knowledge scores in participants. In participants who underwent treatment after COVID-19 shutdowns, CALM IVF improved social QoL scores. Impact Statement: Male partners of the IVF dyad may receive significant fertility related QoL and resilience benefits from a PG intervention. Female partners may experience improved social QoL with PG experiences, especially during a time of additional stressors and isolation.