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Koronapandemian aikana syntynyttä liikkumisvajetta ei ole vielä kokonaan kuitattu. Huomiota kiinnittää erityisesti tyttöjen liikkumisen nopea väheneminen ikävuosien karttuessa. nonPeerReviewed

Background: Researchers and policy-makers have highlighted that the potential for organized sports to promote health has been underexploited. Sports clubs have limited capacity to promote health due to their voluntary nature and have called for support from their national sports federations. The present article provides guidelines, based on the theoretical principles of health promoting sports clubs and an analysis of practical tools and proven strategies, to support national sports federations to invest in health promotion (HP). Methods: A qualitative iterative study was undertaken, based on five 2-h meetings of a group of 15 international researchers in HP in sports clubs. Notes and minutes from meetings, as well as shared outputs were analyzed based on the health promoting sports club framework. Results: Guidelines developed for national sports federations to promote health includes a definition of a health promoting sports federation (HPSF), a description of how the settings-based approach to HP adapts to national sports federations, as well as practical applications of health promoting sports club’s intervention strategies. The analysis of existing tools also demonstrated that most tools are centered on a single dimension of health (social, mental, physical, spiritual or community), and often on a specific health topic. Furthermore, they do not cover HP as a continuous long-lasting process, but are generally short-term programs. The HPSF clarifies theoretical concepts, their practical implementation via case studies and outlines intervention components and tools useful for sports federations in their implementation of HP. Conclusion: The guidelines developed in this study are intended to facilitate national sports federations to acknowledge/understand, reinforce/underpin and foster current and further investment in HP. peerReviewed

Studies have shown that, on average, children’s physical activity (PA) levels in early childhood education and care (ECEC) environments are low, thus opening up the possibility of interventions. We examined the effect of the teacher-implemented one-year long ‘home-and-childcare-based intervention to promote physical activity’ (HIPPA) study on children’s PA in ECEC settings in Finland. Participating four-year-old children (N = 128) were cluster-randomised into two groups, intervention (seven childcare centres) and control (seven childcare centres), in autumn 2011. The children were observed directly during their ECEC times. Multilevel linear analysis was used to test the PA differences between the intervention conditions. Post-intervention results showed that the HIPPA intervention increased the children’s PA. To enhance the real-life effectiveness of the present multicomponent intervention, we examined methods based on the intervention’s success and found areas of development for future studies. Overall, promoting active play by ECEC personnel offers an effective way to enhance children’s PA. Furthermore, to ensure the sustainability of the intervention effects, specific changes in practice have been identified that should be transferred into the policies intended for ECEC settings. peerReviewed

Background Sports clubs have requested support from national governing authorities to invest in health promotion (HP), by developing policies, guidelines and dedicated funding. This article outlines the development of a national audit tool to review policies development and implementation to support HP in sports clubs. Methods A five-step process was undertaken by an international project team: (i) a rapid literature review to identify items assessing policies in physical activity, HP and sports, (ii) a thematic analysis to categorize items, (iii) a Delphi method to analyze item relevance, country specificity, reformulation, validation and organization, (iv) face validity through an online survey and in-depth interviews with expert representatives on physical activity and sports and (v) audit tool finalization though project team consensus. Results Eight sources were reviewed with 269 items identified. Items were coded into 25 categories with 3 broad themes: policies, actors and settings-based approach. The Delphi study extracted and refined 50 items and categorized them into 10 sections. After revisions from 22 surveys and 8 interviews, consensus was reached by the international project team on 41 items categorized into 11 sections: Role of ministry or department; Policies; Communication; Implementation and Dissemination; Evaluation and Measurement methods; Sub-national-level policies; Funding and Coordination; Participative approach; Actors and Stakeholders; National sporting events; Case studies and Implicated stakeholders. Conclusion To progress HP in the sports club context it is necessary to understand existing national-level policies. This national audit tool will aid in monitoring and assessing national policies for health promoting sports clubs.

Liikkuva opiskelu -ohjelman myötä myös korkeakouluopiskelijoiden opiskelupäivän aikaiseen liikkumiseen ja paikallaanoloon on alettu kiinnittämään enemmän huomiota. Opiskelupäivien ja oppituntien aktivointi nähdään tarpeellisena, sillä vain puolet opiskelijoista liikkuu liikkumissuosituksiin nähden tarpeeksi. Myös istumista kertyy korkeakouluopiskelijoille lähes 11 tuntia päivittäin, ja iso osa tästä määrästä kertyy nimenomaan opiskelupäivän aikana. Istumisen vähentäminen ja opiskelupäivien aktivoiminen on perusteltua terveydellisistä syistä, mutta tauottamalla istumista tai aktivoimalla opetusta voidaan vaikuttaa myönteisesti myös opiskelijoiden jaksamiseen sekä opiskelukykyyn. Näihin teemoihin paneudutaan myös Keski-Suomen korkeakoulujen yhteisessä Aktiivinen ja hyvinvoiva korkeakoulu -hankkeessa, jonka yhtenä tavoitteena on tehdä opiskelupäivistä liikkuvampia ja yhteisöllisempiä. Opetus- ja kulttuuriministeriö rahoittaa hanketta Liikunnallisen elämäntavan valtakunnallisista kehittämishankevaroista. Osana hanketta korkeakoulujen opiskelijoille sekä opetushenkilöstölle toteutettiin kysely näihin teemoihin liittyen. Opiskelijoiden kyselyyn vastasi yhteensä 654 opiskelijaa ja opetushenkilöstön kyselyyn puolestaan 63 henkilöä. Sekä opiskelijoiden että opetushenkilöstön kyselyn tuloksista nousee esille, että istumisen tauottamisessa ja opetuksen aktivoimisessa on korkeakouluissa vielä parannettavaa. Noin puolet opiskelijoista vastasi, ettei oman korkeakoulun opetuksessa kiinnitetä huomiota istumisen tauottamiseen tai vähentämiseen. Opiskelijat olivat kuitenkin lähes yksimielisiä siitä, että oppituntien aikainen kevyt liikuskelu voisi edistää heidän omaa jaksamistaan, mutta he toivoivat opettajien ottavan vastuuta taukojen pitämisestä. Kyselyn perusteella havaittiin myös toiminnallisten opetusmenetelmien käytön olevan vähäistä, etenkin etäopetuksen kohdalla. Jatkossa myös korkeakoulutasolla olisi tärkeää pohtia opetuksen toiminnallistamisen tapoja, kuten on jo tehty esimerkiksi perusopetuksessa toisella ja ensimmäisellä asteella. Opetushenkilöstön kyselyn vastausprosentti oli matala, mutta tulokset ovat monelta osin linjassa opiskelijoiden kyselyn tulosten kanssa. Myös enemmistö kyselyyn vastanneista opettajista koki tauottamisen olevan opettajan vastuulla ja uskoi opetuksen tauottamisen tai aktivoimisen lisäävän opiskelijoiden jaksamista. Huolestuttavana huomiona voidaan pitää sitä, että suurin osa vastaajista toi esiin, ettei omassa korkeakoulussa ole sovittu yhteistä toimintaohjetta opetuksen aikaisen istumisen vähentämiseksi. Henkilöstö ja opiskelijat myös toivat esiin, että opetustiloista löytyi varsin heikosti istumisen vähentämisen mahdollistavia välineitä, kuten seisomatyöpöytiä. Sekä opiskelijoiden että opetushenkilöstön kyselyn tulokset osoittivat, että opetuksen ja opiskelun aikaista aktiivisuutta pidettiin tärkeänä ja toivottavana, mutta tämä ei välttämättä vielä näkynyt korkeakoulujen opetuksessa tai fyysisissä tiloissa. Myös opetuksen toiminnallistamiseen tulisi jatkossa tarjota tukea, etenkin etäopetuksen osalta, joka on koronapandemian vuoksi lisääntynyt huomattavasti. Kyselyn tulokset antoivat tärkeää tietoa Aktiivinen ja hyvinvoiva korkeakoulu -hankkeen toiminnan tueksi. Käsillä olevissa tuloksissa esiin nousseisiin puutteisiin tullaan tarjoamaan ratkaisuja hankkeen toimien kautta. Esimerkiksi liikkuvan oppimisen teemoista järjestetään opetushenkilöstölle kohdennettuja koulutuksia ja lisäksi hankkeen kautta pyritään muuttamaan korkeakoulujen oppimistiloja aktiivisuutta tukevimmiksi.

Additional file 1: Supplementary Table 1. Motives to exercise by competitive goals in sports. Supplementary Table 2. Motives to exercise by body size perception.

Background Longitudinal studies demonstrate that physical activity (PA) declines on average from adolescence to early adulthood. However, some subgroups of adolescents increase activity while others decrease or maintain high or low activity. Determinants of change or maintenance of (in)activity may differ between subgroups and are valuable information for targeted health promotion. The purpose of this study was to identify PA patterns from adolescence to early adulthood, and also to explore how different activity domains and Sedentary Behaviour (SB) are associated with PA patterns. Methods The data of this observational cohort study (collected in 2013/2014 and 2017/2018) consisted of 254 Finns at age 15 and 19 participating the Health Promoting Sports Club study. K-means cluster analysis for longitudinal data was performed to identify participant clusters (patterns) based on their accelerometry-measured moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA). Associations of sports club participation (SC), active commuting (AC), and SB with PA patterns were examined by logistic regression analysis. Results (preliminary) Five MVPA patterns were identified: inactivity maintainers (n = 71), activity maintainers (n = 70), decreasers from moderate (to low) PA (n = 61), decreasers from high (to moderate) PA (n = 32), and increasers (n = 20). At age 15, SC participation (41-97%) and AC (47-75%) were common in all the patterns. By age 19, clear dropout from these activities was prevalent (SC participation mean 32%, AC 31-63%). Maintained SC participation was associated with a higher likelihood of belonging to the decreasers from high PA (OR = 11.2, CI = 1.4-90.0) and to the combined group of increasers and activity maintainers (OR = 3.6, CI = 1.8-7.4); also with a lower likelihood of being an inactivity maintainer (OR = 0.1, CI = 0.02-0.2). Dropout from SC was related to a higher likelihood of being a decreaser from high PA (OR = 10.9, CI = 1.3-90.7). Maintenance/adoption of AC was associated with a lower likelihood of being an inactivity maintainer (OR = 0.3, CI = 0.1-0.7). Decreased SB was related to a higher likelihood of belonging to the activity maintainers and increasers (OR = 0.96, CI = 0.93-0.98). Conclusions PA patterns diverge greatly over the transition to adulthood. Changes in SC participation, AC, and SB show different associations with diverging PA patterns. Hence, tailored PA promotion is recommended. nonPeerReviewed

The symposium presents last findings on health promotion interventions in sports clubs. After a short introduction about the health promoting sports clubs (HPSC), five presentations (France, Sweden, Ireland, Finland and Netherlands) will reflect upon how sports clubs can be health promoting: in theory, from youth perspectives, by increasing physical activity level as outcome or enhancing sustainability of interventions, before opening the discussion with academic experts. Presentation 1 describes an iterative international process, implicating three groups (French sport students, French and Swedish experts) to create an intervention theory, based on the HPSC model. Presentation 2 focuses on a cross-sectional study investigating 123 Swedish youth's representation of sports clubs' role towards health promotion, identifying social dimension, environment, coaches, amount and ambition of practice as key factors. Presentation 3 is a longitudinal study among 366 adolescents, followed from age 15 to age 19, questioning the participation to organised sport practice and their orientation (leisure or competitive). Results have shown that by the age of 19, 33% of boys and 43% of girls have dropped out of organised sport, where 45% of boys and 26% of girls continued participation. Adolescents with a competitive goal orientation were more likely to continue participation. Presentation 4 is a longitudinal study among 131 youth measuring objective physical activity before and in the middle of a sport season. Principal results showed a significant change across time point, as well as differences between gender (a decrease in moderate to vigorous physical activity during games for boys and an increase for girls). Presentation 5 examined factors that influenced the sustainability of 14 Dutch sporting program aimed at increasing physical activity among inactive people 6.5 years after their implementation. Interviews with representatives of Dutch National Sports Federations and sports clubs helped to identify facilitating and impeding factors, like program adaptation, evaluation, financing and factors related to human resources. Question and Answer will be organised around the key ingredients and challenges facing the development of HPSC interventions, such as implementation of theoretical background, sport participants need consideration, complexity of outcomes evaluation of HPSC and program sustainability. nonPeerReviewed

Background Sports club participation begins to decrease in adolescence. There is a lack of knowledge, how sports club participation changes from adolescence to early adulthood in Finland, and how goal orientation influences on it. Therefore, the aim of this study is to examine if goal orientation is associated to changes in sports club participation during afore mentioned critical years. Methods The study design is longitudinal. A sample of 366 (140 boys, 226 girls) adolescents were followed from age 15 (year 2014) to age 19 (year 2018). Sports club participation (yes/no) and goal orientation (no competitive goal, sports for hobby or physical development/regional, national or international success in adolescence/national, international or professional success in adulthood) were measured using questionnaires. In order to study changes in sports club participation, and goal orientation, descriptive statistics were performed. Gender differences were estimated using Chi-squared tests. A binary logistic regression analysis was carried out to examine the association between sports club participation, goal orientation and gender. Results By the age 19, 33% of boys and 43% of girls had dropped out from sports club, 45% of boys and 26% of girls had continued participation, and 21% of boys and 31% of girls never participated (p > 0.01). More boys (57%) than girls (31%) had a success in adulthood as a goal, and more girls (48%) than boys (27%) had a success in adolescence as a goal (p > 0.001). Adolescents with success in adulthood as a goal continued participation in sports club more likely than adolescents without competitive goal (OR = 4.81; 95% CI 2.26-10.23). Furthermore, boys were more likely to continue participation than girls (OR = 1.75; 95% CI 1.02-3.01). Conclusions The dropout from sports club activities from adolescence to early adulthood is obvious. Especially the adolescents without a competitive goal and girls are in danger to drop out. This indicates that contemporary forms of sports club activities support adolescents with strong competitive orientation. Therefore, there is a need for sports clubs to develop activities suitable for adolescents with less competitive orientation to ensure their continuous participation in sports club. nonPeerReviewed

Additional file 3. Sociodemographic characteristics and self-rated health of the participants, by PA change patterns [36–38].

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Additional file 5. Associations of sociodemographic factors and measurement season with physical activity change patterns via logistic regression analysis.

Vain joka seitsemäs lukiolainen liikkuu reippaastti päivittäin vähintään tunnin. Lukiolaisille kertyy keskimäärin 6 178 askelta päivässä. Heidän vanhemmilta ja kaverilta saamansa liikunnallinen tuki oli vähäisempää kuin nuoremmilla ikäluokilla ja vaihteli suuresti nuorten välillä. Lukiolaiset pitivät liikuntaa tärkeänä ja opiskelukykyä edistävänä oppiaineena. Oppilaitosten ja internetin jälkeen liikunta- ja urheiluharrastuksissa koettiin kolmanneksi eniten syrjintää ja kiusaamista. nonPeerReviewed

Additional file 1: Supplementary Table. Types of physical activities a few times a week during lockdown by gender. Chi-square test between gender.

Additional file 4. The loss to the follow-up analysis [36, 37].

Additional file 2. Device-measurement periods by PA change patterns.

peer-reviewed The objective of this study was to analyze the associations of various individual- and environmental- related factors with subgroups of daily, frequent, moderate and low moderate-to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) among children and adolescents. Data were obtained from the Finnish School-age Physical Activity (FSPA) study 2016 from 4677 national representative 11-, 13-, and 15-year-old children and adolescents. MVPA and individual- and environmental-related factors were assessed by a questionnaire and analyzed by two-level logistic regression. Seventeen of the twenty-one variables were statistically significantly associated with MVPA. However, only three variables were statistically significant in all MVPA subgroups, whereby self-directed PA at least twice a week, fewer perceived barriers, and higher peer support increased the odds of participating in more MVPA. The results from this study showed essential differences among the MVPA subgroups, also supporting previous findings, whereby various individual- and environmental-based factors are associated with children and adolescents’ levels of MVPA. Challenges to designing and implementing effective interventions are based on the need to account for individual differences within the population, as well as the varied connections between PA with different social and physical environments where children and adolescents’ PA takes place. PA interventions with various actions at multiple levels are warranted

Background:Physical activity trackers (PATs) such as apps and wearable devices (eg, sports watches, heart rate monitors) are increasingly being used by young adolescents. Despite the potential of PATs to help monitor and improve moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) behaviors, there is a lack of research that confirms an association between PAT ownership or use and physical activity behaviors at the population level.Objective:The purpose of this study was to examine the ownership and use of PATs in youth and their associations with physical activity behaviors, including daily MVPA, sports club membership, and active travel, in 2 nationally representative samples of young adolescent males and females in Finland and Ireland.Methods:Comparable data were gathered in the 2018 Finnish School-aged Physical Activity (F-SPA 2018, n=3311) and the 2018 Irish Children’s Sport Participation and Physical Activity (CSPPA 2018, n=4797) studies. A cluster analysis was performed to obtain the patterns of PAT ownership and usage by adolescents (age, 11-15 years). Four similar clusters were identified across Finnish and Irish adolescents: (1) no PATs, (2) PAT owners, (3) app users, and (4) wearable device users. Adjusted binary logistic regression analyses were used to evaluate how PAT clusters were associated with physical activity behaviors, including daily MVPA, membership of sports clubs, and active travel, after stratification by gender.Results:The proportion of app ownership among Finnish adolescents (2038/3311, 61.6%) was almost double that of their Irish counterparts (1738/4797, 36.2%). Despite these differences, the clustering patterns of PATs were similar between the 2 countries. App users were more likely to take part in daily MVPA (males, odds ratio [OR] 1.27, 95% CI 1.04-1.55; females, OR 1.49, 95% CI 1.20-1.85) and be members of sports clubs (males, OR 1.37, 95% CI 1.15-1.62; females, OR 1.25, 95% CI 1.07-1.50) compared to the no PATs cluster, after adjusting for country, age, family affluence, and disabilities. These associations, after the same adjustments, were even stronger for wearable device users to participate in daily MVPA (males, OR 1.83, 95% CI 1.49-2.23; females, OR 2.25, 95% CI 1.80-2.82) and be members of sports clubs (males, OR 1.88, 95% CI 1.55-2.88; females, OR 2.07, 95% CI 1.71-2.52). Significant associations were observed between male users of wearable devices and taking part in active travel behavior (OR 1.39, 95% CI 1.04-1.86).Conclusions:Although Finnish adolescents report more ownership of PATs than Irish adolescents, the patterns of use and ownership remain similar among the cohorts. The findings of our study show that physical activity behaviors were positively associated with wearable device users and app users. These findings were similar between males and females. Given the cross-sectional nature of this data, the relationship between using apps or wearable devices and enhancing physical activity behaviors requires further investigation.

Godkänd;2020;Nivå 0;2020-09-11 (alebob)

Hieman reilu kolmasosa suomalaislapsista ja -nuorista liikkui suosituksen mukaan – toimintarajoitteita kokevista joka neljäs. Lasten ja nuorten liikunnalle antamien merkitysten kirjo oli kaventunut ja esteet vahvistuneet, vaikka koettu pätevyys ja liikuntamotivaatio olivat korkealla. Suurin osa lapsista ja nuorista kannatti urheilun eettisten sääntöjen noudattamista. Säännöllinen liikkuminen oli myönteisesti yhteydessä koettuun terveyteen. Säännöllisesti liikkuvilla oli myös vähemmän yksinäisyyden kokemuksia. nonPeerReviewed