5 results on '"Kristal, Ariella"'
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2. Megastudies improve the impact of applied behavioural science
- Author
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Milkman, Katherine L., Gromet, Dena, Ho, Hung, Kay, Joseph S., Lee, Timothy W., Pandiloski, Pepi, Park, Yeji, Rai, Aneesh, Bazerman, Max, Beshears, John, Bonacorsi, Lauri, Camerer, Colin, Chang, Edward, Chapman, Gretchen, Cialdini, Robert, Dai, Hengchen, Eskreis-Winkler, Lauren, Fishbach, Ayelet, Gross, James J., Horn, Samantha, Hubbard, Alexa, Jones, Steven J., Karlan, Dean, Kautz, Tim, Kirgios, Erika, Klusowski, Joowon, Kristal, Ariella, Ladhania, Rahul, Loewenstein, George, Ludwig, Jens, Mellers, Barbara, Mullainathan, Sendhil, Saccardo, Silvia, Spiess, Jann, Suri, Gaurav, Talloen, Joachim H., Taxer, Jamie, Trope, Yaacov, Ungar, Lyle, Volpp, Kevin G., Whillans, Ashley, Zinman, Jonathan, and Duckworth, Angela L.
- Published
- 2021
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3. Signing at the beginning versus at the end does not decrease dishonesty
- Author
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Kristal, Ariella S., Whillans, Ashley V., Bazerman, Max H., Gino, Francesca, Shu, Lisa L., Mazar, Nina, and Ariely, Dan
- Published
- 2020
4. A contest study to reduce attractiveness-based discrimination in social judgment
- Author
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Roy, Eliane, Jaeger, Bastian, Evans, Anthony M, Turetsky, Kate M, O'Shea, Brian A, Petersen, Michael Bang, Singh, Balbir, Correll, Joshua, Zheng, Denise Yiran, Brown, Kirk Warren, Kirgios, Erika L, Chang, Linda W, Chang, Edward H, Steele, Jennifer R, Sebastien, Julia, Sedgewick, Jennifer R, Hackney, Amy, Cook, Rachel, Yang, Xin, Korkmaz, Arin, Sim, Jessica J, Khan, Nazia, Primbs, Maximilian A, Bijlstra, Gijsbert, Faure, Ruddy, Karremans, Johan C, Santos, Luiza A, Voelkel, Jan G, Marini, Maddalena, Chen, Jacqueline M, Brown, Teneille, Yoon, Haewon, Morewedge, Carey K, Scopelliti, Irene, Hester, Neil, Shen, Xi, Ma, Ming, Medvedev, Danila, Ritchie, Emily G, Lu, Chieh, Chang, Yen-Ping, Kumar, Aishwarya, Banerji, Ranjavati, Gretton, Jeremy D, Schnabel, Landon, Teachman, Bethany A, Kristal, Ariella S, Chua, Kao-Wei, Freeman, Jonathan B, Fath, Sean, Grigoryan, Lusine, Weißflog, M Isabelle, Daryani, Yalda, Pourhosein, Reza, Johnson, Stefanie K, Chan, Elsa T, Stevens, Samantha M, Anderson, Stephen, Beaty, Roger E, Rubichi, Sandro, Cocco, Veronica Margherita, Vezzali, Loris, Lai, Calvin K, Axt, Jordan R, Roy, Eliane, Jaeger, Bastian, Evans, Anthony M, Turetsky, Kate M, O'Shea, Brian A, Petersen, Michael Bang, Singh, Balbir, Correll, Joshua, Zheng, Denise Yiran, Brown, Kirk Warren, Kirgios, Erika L, Chang, Linda W, Chang, Edward H, Steele, Jennifer R, Sebastien, Julia, Sedgewick, Jennifer R, Hackney, Amy, Cook, Rachel, Yang, Xin, Korkmaz, Arin, Sim, Jessica J, Khan, Nazia, Primbs, Maximilian A, Bijlstra, Gijsbert, Faure, Ruddy, Karremans, Johan C, Santos, Luiza A, Voelkel, Jan G, Marini, Maddalena, Chen, Jacqueline M, Brown, Teneille, Yoon, Haewon, Morewedge, Carey K, Scopelliti, Irene, Hester, Neil, Shen, Xi, Ma, Ming, Medvedev, Danila, Ritchie, Emily G, Lu, Chieh, Chang, Yen-Ping, Kumar, Aishwarya, Banerji, Ranjavati, Gretton, Jeremy D, Schnabel, Landon, Teachman, Bethany A, Kristal, Ariella S, Chua, Kao-Wei, Freeman, Jonathan B, Fath, Sean, Grigoryan, Lusine, Weißflog, M Isabelle, Daryani, Yalda, Pourhosein, Reza, Johnson, Stefanie K, Chan, Elsa T, Stevens, Samantha M, Anderson, Stephen, Beaty, Roger E, Rubichi, Sandro, Cocco, Veronica Margherita, Vezzali, Loris, Lai, Calvin K, and Axt, Jordan R
- Abstract
Discrimination in the evaluation of others is a key cause of social inequality around the world. However, relatively little is known about psychological interventions that can be used to prevent biased evaluations. The limited evidence that exists on these strategies is spread across many methods and populations, making it difficult to generate reliable best practices that can be effective across contexts. In the present work, we held a research contest to solicit interventions with the goal of reducing discrimination based on physical attractiveness using a hypothetical admissions task. Thirty interventions were tested across four rounds of data collection (total N > 20,000). Using a signal detection theory approach to evaluate interventions, we identified two interventions that reduced discrimination by lessening both decision noise and decision bias, while two other interventions reduced overall discrimination by only lessening noise or bias. The most effective interventions largely provided concrete strategies that directed participants' attention toward decision-relevant criteria and away from socially biasing information, though the fact that very similar interventions produced differing effects on discrimination suggests certain key characteristics that are needed for manipulations to reliably impact judgment. The effects of these four interventions on decision bias, noise, or both also replicated in a different discrimination domain, political affiliation, and generalized to populations with self-reported hiring experience. Results of the contest for decreasing attractiveness-based favoritism suggest that identifying effective routes for changing discriminatory behavior is a challenge and that greater investment is needed to develop impactful, flexible, and scalable strategies for reducing discrimination. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).
- Published
- 2024
5. Essays on Precommitment
- Author
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Kristal, Ariella Sara, Whillans, Ashley V, Zlatev, Julian J, Bazerman, Max H, Bohnet, Iris, and Laibson, David
- Subjects
precommitment ,self-control ,trust ,willpower ,Behavioral sciences ,Organizational behavior ,Management - Abstract
Precommitment is a way for someone to impose certain constraints on or alter various incentives, in order to encourage (or discourage) future behavior. Precommitment primarily is situated in the literature on self-control, and is proposed as a solution to the problems posed by present bias and time-inconsistent preferences. Moreover, despite its demonstrated effectiveness, people in the “real world” tend to overlook precommitment and do not use it as a strategy. Across three chapters, this dissertation makes two main contributions to our understanding of the potential of precommitment. First, it introduces precommitment as a viable solution to an interpersonal dilemma, instead of merely intrapersonal dilemmas. Second, it explores two psychological barriers preventing the widespread adoption of precommitment strategies for self-control problems. Chapter 1 recognizes the reputational consequences of decision-makers who de-escalate commitment to failing courses of action and introduces precommitment as an intervention decision-makers can deploy to de-escalate while maintaining trust. In six pre-registered experiments (N=4,635), I find the effectiveness of precommitment in preserving de-escalators’ trust across various scenarios, samples, and measurements of trust. Chapters 2 and 3 examine precommitment in the context of self-control. In five pre-registered experiments (N=2,280), Chapter 2 demonstrates the negative reputational consequences of using precommitment strategies (vs. willpower) for goal achievement. It further suggests that these reputational costs may serve as one barrier to commitment device uptake. In two field experiments (N=4,459), Chapter 3 illustrates how emphasizing the importance of willpower to achieve one’s goals can crowd out more effective strategies, such as precommitment.
- Published
- 2022
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