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What is necessary to reach net zero emissions in the transport sector on a global level? To keep limiting global warming to 1.5° C within reach, the world has to decarbonise by mid-century, with every sector contributing as much as possible as soon as possible. This paper identifies what has to be done in road transport, aviation, and shipping to achieve net zero emission in the transport sector. For this purpose, it first sets the scene by providing an overview of the origins and impacts of the concept of net zero emissions in international climate policy as well as of the current state and future prospects of global transport emissions using currently available scenarios for low-emission and net zero transport. While for staying below 1.5° C, the basic approach to reducing transport emissions remains unchanged from what has been suggested in the past, the set, intensity and pace of actions as to shift fundamentally. Without first drastically reducing traffic volume and shifting transport demand to low-emission modes, reaching net zero transport will not be feasible: the amount of additional electricity required to fully electrify the sector with renewable energy is otherwise just too huge. After portraying key instruments for achieving net zero emissions in land transport, aviation, and shipping, this paper identifies key barriers for net zero transport. Based on this analysis, the authors recommend the following to be able to move transport to net zero: 1. Adapt Decarbonisation Strategies to Different Transport Sub-sectors; 2. Prioritise and Significantly Increase Investment in Zero-/low-carbon Infrastructure; 3. Massively Invest in the Development and Roll out of Zero-/low-emission Technologies; 4. Focus on a Just Transition to Overcome Social and Political Barriers; 5. Increase International Support and Cooperation.

The transformation of cities towards sustainable and inclusive development is a key objective of the New Urban Agenda (United Nations 2017). Transport infrastructure is a critical factor in shaping cities, determining the energy intensity of mobility and providing access to essential social and economic opportunities. The sector also plays an important role in global climate change mitigation strategies, as it currently accounts for about 23% of global energy-related greenhouse gas emissions (IPCC 2014). There is substantial potential to improve urban access, air quality, safety and the quality of life in cities along with reducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions if an integrated policy approach is applied that combines all intervention areas for transport policy and involves all levels of government. A package that achieves low-carbon transport and fosters sustainable developed includes avoided journeys through compact urban design and shifts to more efficient modes of transport, uptake of improved vehicle and engine performance technologies, low-carbon fuels, investments in related infrastructure, and changes in the built environment. From a governance perspective, all relevant political institutions at the local and national level need to be involved in the coalition building along with key societal actors, such as unions, industry and civil society organisations. Bringing the policy objectives of these actors together with an integrated policy package is a vital step towards a low-carbon, sustainable mobility system. Policy design and governance are critically interlinked as the ability of institutions to find a political consensus and to maintain policy stability heavily influences the success of measures to shape the transformation pathway towards sustainable mobility. This thesis aims to analyse these linkages and highlight the role of different policy and governance approaches. This analysis builds on transport and urban development research, but takes a transdisciplinary research perspective, building on the Multi-Level-Perspective on sustainability transitions (Geels 2002) and aims to highlight the potential for a consensus oriented policy approach (Lijphard 1999) that builds on co-benefits among key policy objectives and coalitions among key political actors, which leads to the main question for this thesis and the focus areas for the analysis. Die Transformation der Städte hin zu einer nachhaltigen und integrativen Entwicklung ist ein Hauptziel der New Urban Agenda (United Nations 2017). Die Verkehrsinfrastruktur spielt eine entscheidende Rolle bei der Gestaltung der Städte, der Bestimmung der Energieintensität der Mobilität und des Zugangs zu wesentlichen sozialen und wirtschaftlichen Möglichkeiten. Der Verkehrssektor spielt eine wichtige Rolle bei globalen Klimaschutzstrategien, da er derzeit für etwa 23% der weltweiten energiebedingten Treibhausgasemissionen verantwortlich ist (IPCC 2014). Es besteht ein erhebliches Potenzial zur Verbesserung der Mobilität in Städten, der Luftqualität, der Sicherheit und der Lebensqualität in Städten sowie zur Senkung der Treibhausgasemissionen, wenn ein integrierter politischer Ansatz verfolgt wird, der alle Interventionsbereiche für die Verkehrspolitik vereint und alle Regierungsebenen integriert. Um dieses Potenzial zu nutzen, ist jedoch ein integrierter politischer Ansatz erforderlich, der alle Interventionsbereiche für die Verkehrspolitik vereint und alle Regierungsebenen einbezieht. Ein Paket, das einen kohlenstoffarmen Verkehr erreicht und nachhaltige Entwicklung fördert, umfasst vermiedene Fahrten durch kompakte städtebauliche Gestaltung und Umstellung auf effizientere Verkehrsträger, verbesserter Fahrzeugtechnologien, kohlenstoffarme Kraftstoffe und Investitionen nachhaltige Verkehrsinfrastruktur. Politikgestaltung und -prozesse sind eng miteinander verknüpft, da die Fähigkeit politischer Institutionen, einen politischen Konsens zu finden und die politische Stabilität zu erhalten, starken Einfluss auf den Erfolg von Maßnahmen zur Gestaltung des Transformationspfads hin zu einer nachhaltigen Mobilität hat. Diese Arbeit zielt darauf ab, diese Zusammenhänge zu analysieren und die Rolle verschiedener Politik- und Steuerungsansätze aufzuzeigen. Diese Analyse baut auf der Verkehrs- und Stadtentwicklungsforschung auf, verfolgt jedoch eine transdisziplinäre Forschungsperspektive, die auf der Multi-Level-Perspektive von Nachhaltigkeitsübergängen aufbaut (Geels 2002) und zielt darauf ab, das Potenzial für einen konsensorientierten Politikansatz (Lijphard 1999) aufzuzeigen über die Co-Benefits der wichtigsten politischen Ziele und Koalitionen der wichtigsten politischen Akteure, die zu der Hauptfrage für diese These und die Schwerpunkte für die Analyse führt.

The Covenant of Mayors for Climate and Energy (CoM) is an ambitious initiative for local climate and energy actions. This document provides signatories with a set of methodological principle, procedures and best practices to develop their SECAP. The Part 1 of this document relates to the SECAP process; while Part 2gives an insight on the elaboration of municipality assessments (BEI and RVA), finally Part 3 describes technical issues, measures and policies that can be implemented at local level., JRC.C.2-Energy Efficiency and Renewables

The European Commission aims to foster sustainable local transport systems through the concept of "Sustainable Urban Mobility Plans" (SUMPs). This paper is intended as a think piece highlighting the challenges for cities in selecting sustainable and cost-effective transport and mobility measures. Not only does the paper convey an understanding of the challenges of determining a transport project's viability, but it also presents five case studies of sustainable urban mobility planning and the role of project appraisal in those policy-making processes.

Achieving a truly sustainable energy transition requires progress across multiple dimensions beyond climate change mitigation goals. This article reviews and synthesizes results from disparate strands of literature on the coeffects of mitigation to inform climate policy choices at different governance levels. The literature documents many potential cobenefits of mitigation for nonclimate objectives, such as human health and energy security, but little is known about their overall welfare implications. Integrated model studies highlight that climate policies as part of well-designed policy packages reduce the overall cost of achieving multiple sustainability objectives. The incommensurability and uncertainties around the quantification of coeffects become, however, increasingly pervasive the more the perspective shifts from sectoral and local to economy wide and global, the more objectives are analyzed, and the more the results are expressed in economic rather than nonmonetary terms. Different strings of evidence highlight the role and importance of energy demand reductions for realizing synergies across multiple sustainability objectives.