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This article discusses a comparison of the two focal primary school third-grade Korean bilingual students' language use with their previous language use when they were first-graders by examining their heritage language (HL) use at a Korean language school. For children of immigrant families in the U.S., there has been a pervasive hypothesis that their heritage language (HL) might be jeopardized due to their minimum exposure to it and its reduced status in the U.S., which can easily lead them to experience HL shift or loss (Montrul, 2018; Valde´s, 2014). However, the present study shows that the focal third graders who were attending all-English schools during the week did not appear to lose their HL. Instead, the comparison of findings indicated that they had developed a certain degree of oral proficiency in their HL, including vocabulary knowledge, thanks to the parents' involvement and practices towards their children's HL learning as well as other socio-cultural influences on the students' HL language use and development over the years.

Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is a tickborne zoonosis caused by the SFTS virus (SFTSV) (1); >1,000 SFTS cases have been reported in South Korea (2). The SFTS prevalence [...]

In modern society, high-quality material development and a large stable supply are key to perform frontier research and development. However, there are negative issues to address to utilize high-quality resources with a large stable supply for research, such as economic accessibility, commercialization, and so on. One of the cutting-edge research fields, perovskite-related research, usually requires high-quality chemicals with outstanding purity (>99%). We developed an economically feasible PbI2 precursor with around 1/20 cost-down for perovskite/perovskite quantum dots through recrystallization and/or hydrothermal purification. Following the methodology, the quantum dots from both as-prepared and purified PbI2 demonstrated identical photophysical properties, with a photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) of 52.61% using the purified PbI2 vs. 45.83% PLQY using commercial PbI2. The role of hydrothermal energy was also checked against the problematic PbI2, and we checked whether the hydrothermal energy could contribute to the hindrance of undesired particle formation in the precursor solution, which enables them to form enlarged grain size from 179 ± 80 to 255 ± 130 nm for higher photoconversion efficiency of perovskite solar cells from 14.77 ± 1.82% to 15.18 ± 1.92%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]