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1. The Misandry Myth : An Inaccurate Stereotype About Feminists’ Attitudes Toward Men

Author

Hopkins-Doyle, Aífe, Petterson, Aino L., Leach, Stefan, Zibell, Hannah, Chobthamkit, Phatthanakit, Binti Abdul Rahim, Sharmaine, Blake, Jemima, Bosco, Cristina, Cherrie-Rees, Kimberley, Beadle, Ami, Cock, Victoria, Greer, Hazel, Jankowska, Antonina, Macdonald, Kaitlin, Scott English, Alexander, Wai Lan YEUNG, Victoria, Asano, Ryosuke, Beattie, Peter, Bernardo, Allan B.I., Boonroungrut, Chinun, Chaudhuri, Anindita, Chien, Chin Lung, Choi, Hoon Seok, Cui, Lixian, Du, Hongfei, Fuji, Kei, Hitokoto, Hidefumi, Iida, Junko, Ishii, Keiko, Jiang, Ding Yu, Jogdand, Yashpal, Lee, Hyejoo J., Mifune, Nobuhiro, Moon, Chanki, Murayama, Aya, Na, Jinkyung, One, Kim, Park, Joonha, Sato, Kosuke, Sharma, Suryodaya, Suh, Eunkook M., Tipandjan, Arun, Sutton, Robbie M., Hopkins-Doyle, Aífe, Petterson, Aino L., Leach, Stefan, Zibell, Hannah, Chobthamkit, Phatthanakit, Binti Abdul Rahim, Sharmaine, Blake, Jemima, Bosco, Cristina, Cherrie-Rees, Kimberley, Beadle, Ami, Cock, Victoria, Greer, Hazel, Jankowska, Antonina, Macdonald, Kaitlin, Scott English, Alexander, Wai Lan YEUNG, Victoria, Asano, Ryosuke, Beattie, Peter, Bernardo, Allan B.I., Boonroungrut, Chinun, Chaudhuri, Anindita, Chien, Chin Lung, Choi, Hoon Seok, Cui, Lixian, Du, Hongfei, Fuji, Kei, Hitokoto, Hidefumi, Iida, Junko, Ishii, Keiko, Jiang, Ding Yu, Jogdand, Yashpal, Lee, Hyejoo J., Mifune, Nobuhiro, Moon, Chanki, Murayama, Aya, Na, Jinkyung, One, Kim, Park, Joonha, Sato, Kosuke, Sharma, Suryodaya, Suh, Eunkook M., Tipandjan, Arun, and Sutton, Robbie M.

Abstract

In six studies, we examined the accuracy and underpinnings of the damaging stereotype that feminists harbor negative attitudes toward men. In Study 1 (n = 1,664), feminist and nonfeminist women displayed similarly positive attitudes toward men. Study 2 (n = 3,892) replicated these results in non-WEIRD countries and among male participants. Study 3 (n = 198) extended them to implicit attitudes. Investigating the mechanisms underlying feminists’ actual and perceived attitudes, Studies 4 (n = 2,092) and 5 (nationally representative UK sample, n = 1,953) showed that feminists (vs. nonfeminists) perceived men as more threatening, but also more similar, to women. Participants also underestimated feminists’ warmth toward men, an error associated with hostile sexism and a misperception that feminists see men and women as dissimilar. Random-effects meta-analyses of all data (Study 6, n = 9,799) showed that feminists’ attitudes toward men were positive in absolute terms and did not differ significantly from nonfeminists'. An important comparative benchmark was established in Study 6, which showed that feminist women's attitudes toward men were no more negative than men's attitudes toward men. We term the focal stereotype the misandry myth in light of the evidence that it is false and widespread, and discuss its implications for the movement.

Published
2024

2. 소명의식과 진로적응성의 관계에서 소명실행의 조절효과: The moderating effects of living a calling

Author

Min, Jihyun J, Kang, Esther, and Lee, Hyejoo J

Abstract

소명을 의식하는 것(“소명의식”)과 소명을 적용하는 것(“소명실행”)은 구분되는 개념으로, 소명을 적용하는 소명실행은 의식하는 소명(소명의식)을 삶에서 실행하는 것이다. 본 연구는 소명실행이 소명의식과 진로적응성의 관계를 조절하는지 성인직장인과 대학생을 대상으로 검증하였다. 우리는 직장인 집단의 경우 소명의식과 진로적응성의 관계가 소명을 실행하는 정도에 따라 달라질 것이라고 예측하였다. 반면에, 현재 직업이 없는 대학생 집단에서는 의식하고 있는 소명을 실천할 수 있는 기회가 제한되기 때문에 소명실행의 정도가 소명의식과 진로적응성의 관계를 조절하지 못할 것으로 예측하였다. 하지만 339명의 성인 직장인과 248명의 대학생을 대상으로 실시 한 본 연구의 결과는 예상했던 것과 다르게 성인 직장인 집단과 대학생 집단 모두에서 소명실행이 소명의식과 진로적응성의 관계를 유의미하게 조절하는 것으로 나타났으며, 두 집단 간의 조절효과 양상에 차이가 있음을 보여주었다. 직장인 집단의 경우, 소명실행은 부적으로 소명의식과 진로적응성의 관계를 조절하였으나 대학생 집단에서는 정적으로 소명실행이 소명의식과 진로적응성의 관계를 조절하는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 본 연구의 결과는 직업의 유무에 따라서 소명실행이 소명의식과 진로적응성의 관계를 조절하는 양상이 다르다는 것을 보여준다, One’s calling can be divided into cognitive (“perceiving a calling”) and applied phases (“living a calling”), with the latter involving the execution of the former in life. We examined if living a calling moderate the relation between perceiving a calling and career adaptability. We hypothesized that the relation between perceiving a calling and career adaptability will differ according to the degree of calling execution by employees. However, for currently unemployed college students, we hypothesized that the level of calling execution would not influence the aforementioned relationship because they would have fewer opportunities for executing their perceived calling. The study results with 392 adult professionals and 248 college students indicated that living a calling significantly moderated the relation between perceiving a calling and career adaptability, in both adults and students but in opposite direction. Thus, whether one has a job or not, living a calling affect the relationship between perceiving a calling and career adaptability.

Published
2017
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3. Life satisfaction around the world: Measurement invariance of the Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS) across 65 nations, 40 languages, gender identities, and age groups.

Author

Swami V, Stieger S, Voracek M, Aavik T, Abdollahpour Ranjbar H, Adebayo SO, Afhami R, Ahmed O, Aimé A, Akel M, Al Halbusi H, Alexias G, Ali KF, Alp-Dal N, Alsalhani AB, Álvarez-Solas S, Amaral ACS, Andrianto S, Aspden T, Argyrides M, Aruta JJBR, Atkin S, Ayandele O, Baceviciene M, Bahbouh R, Ballesio A, Barron D, Bellard A, Bender SS, Beydaǧ KD, Birovljević G, Blackburn MÈ, Borja-Alvarez T, Borowiec J, Bozogáňová M, Bratland-Sanda S, Browning MHEM, Brytek-Matera A, Burakova M, Çakır-Koçak Y, Camacho P, Camilleri VE, Cazzato V, Cerea S, Chaiwutikornwanich A, Chaleeraktrakoon T, Chambers T, Chen QW, Chen X, Chien CL, Chobthamkit P, Choompunuch B, Compte EJ, Corrigan J, Cosmas G, Cowden RG, Czepczor-Bernat K, Czub M, da Silva WR, Dadfar M, Dalley SE, Dany L, Datu JAD, de Carvalho PHB, Coelho GLH, De Jesus AOS, Debbabi SH, Dhakal S, Di Bernardo F, Dimitrova DD, Dion J, Dixson B, Donofrio SM, Drysch M, Du H, Dzhambov AM, El-Jor C, Enea V, Eskin M, Farbod F, Farrugia L, Fian L, Fisher ML, Folwarczny M, Frederick DA, Fuller-Tyszkiewicz M, Furnham A, García AA, Geller S, Ghisi M, Ghorbani A, Gomez Martinez MA, Gradidge S, Graf S, Grano C, Gyene G, Hallit S, Hamdan M, Handelzalts JE, Hanel PHP, Hawks SR, Hekmati I, Helmy M, Hill T, Hina F, Holenweger G, Hřebíčková M, Ijabadeniyi OA, Imam A, İnce B, Irrazabal N, Jankauskiene R, Jiang DY, Jiménez-Borja M, Jiménez-Borja V, Johnson EM, Jovanović V, Jović M, Jović M, Junqueira ACP, Kahle LM, Kantanista A, Karakiraz A, Karkin AN, Kasten E, Khatib S, Khieowan N, Kimong PJ, Kiropoulos L, Knittel J, Kohli N, Koprivnik M, Kospakov A, Król-Zielińska M, Krug I, Kuan G, Kueh YC, Kujan O, Kukić M, Kumar S, Kumar V, Lamba N, Lauri MA, Laus MF, LeBlanc LA, Lee HJ, Lipowska M, Lipowski M, Lombardo C, Lukács A, Maïano C, Malik S, Manjary M, Márquez Baldó L, Martinez-Banfi M, Massar K, Matera C, McAnirlin O, Mebarak MR, Mechri A, Meireles JFF, Mesko N, Mills J, Miyairi M, Modi R, Modrzejewska A, Modrzejewska J, Mulgrew KE, Myers TA, Namatame H, Nassani MZ, Nerini A, Neto F, Neto J, Neves AN, Ng SK, Nithiya D, O J, Obeid S, Oda-Montecinos C, Olapegba PO, Olonisakin TT, Omar SS, Örlygsdóttir B, Özsoy E, Otterbring T, Pahl S, Panasiti MS, Park Y, Patwary MM, Pethö T, Petrova N, Pietschnig J, Pourmahmoud S, Prabhu VG, Poštuvan V, Prokop P, Ramseyer Winter VL, Razmus M, Ru T, Rupar M, Sahlan RN, Salah Hassan M, Šalov A, Sapkota S, Sarfo JO, Sawamiya Y, Schaefer K, Schulte-Mecklenbeck M, Seekis V, Selvi K, Sharifi M, Shrivastava A, Siddique RF, Sigurdsson V, Silkane V, Šimunić A, Singh G, Slezáčková A, Sundgot-Borgen C, Ten Hoor G, Tevichapong P, Tipandjan A, Todd J, Togas C, Tonini F, Tovar-Castro JC, Trangsrud LKJ, Tripathi P, Tudorel O, Tylka TL, Uyzbayeva A, Vally Z, Vanags E, Vega LD, Vicente-Arruebarrena A, Vidal-Mollón J, Vilar R, Villegas H, Vintilă M, Wallner C, White MP, Whitebridge S, Windhager S, Wong KY, Yau EK, Yamamiya Y, Yeung VWL, Zanetti MC, Zawisza M, Zeeni N, Zvaríková M, and Tran US

Subjects
Humans, Female, Male, Adult, Middle Aged, Young Adult, Language, Aged, Surveys and Questionnaires, Adolescent, Factor Analysis, Statistical, Self Report, Psychometrics methods, Age Factors, Quality of Life, Personal Satisfaction, Gender Identity
Abstract

The Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS) is a widely used self-report measure of subjective well-being, but studies of its measurement invariance across a large number of nations remain limited. Here, we utilised the Body Image in Nature (BINS) dataset-with data collected between 2020 and 2022 -to assess measurement invariance of the SWLS across 65 nations, 40 languages, gender identities, and age groups (N = 56,968). All participants completed the SWLS under largely uniform conditions. Multi-group confirmatory factor analysis indicated that configural and metric invariance was upheld across all nations, languages, gender identities, and age groups, suggesting that the unidimensional SWLS model has universal applicability. Full scalar invariance was achieved across gender identities and age groups. Based on alignment optimisation methods, partial scalar invariance was achieved across all but three national groups and across all languages represented in the BINS. There were large differences in latent SWLS means across nations and languages, but negligible-to-small differences across gender identities and age groups. Across nations, greater life satisfaction was significantly associated with greater financial security and being in a committed relationship or married. The results of this study suggest that the SWLS largely assesses a common unidimensional construct of life satisfaction irrespective of respondent characteristics (i.e., national group, gender identities, and age group) or survey presentation (i.e., survey language). This has important implications for the assessment of life satisfaction across nations and provides information that will be useful for practitioners aiming to promote subjective well-being internationally., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright: © 2025 Swami et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.)

Published
2025
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