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The new Vertex Locator for LHCb, comprising a new pixel detector and readout electronics, will be installed in 2020 for data-taking in Run 3 at the LHC. The electronics centres around the "VeloPix" ASIC at the front-end operating in a triggerless readout at 40 MHz. Custom serialisers send zero-suppressed data from the VeloPix at a line rate of 5.13 Gb/s. System tests of the com- plete electronic and optical chain, along with early results from high-speed link tests at CERN are presented.

With the advancement of technology, the demand for bandwidth increases exponentially with time. Hence, optical fiber communication becomes the optimum choice for backbone networks. As the efficiency of the optical system is limited by congenital parameters such as chromatic dispersion. So, in this work, we have evaluated the ability of electronic equalization scheme reduce the CD (chromatic dispersion for an optical communication system capable of transporting 4 channels at 10 Gbps line rate over a distance of 30km. Further, we compare the performance of decision feedback equalizer with two different configurations.

Network calculus is often used to prove delay bounds in deterministic networks, using arrival and service curves. We consider a FIFO system that offers a rate-latency service curve and where packet transmission occurs at line rate without pre-emption. The existing network calculus delay bounds take advantage of the service curve guarantee but not of the fact that transmission occurs at full line rate. In this letter, we provide a novel, improved delay bound which takes advantage of these two features. Contrary to existing bounds, ours is per-packet and depends on the packet length. We prove that it is tight., Comment: 4 pages, 2 figures

"Table tops"/occlusal veneers are partial crowns that allow for the biomimetic restoration of worn teeth in bruxing patients. The biomimetic approach includes a CAD/CAM composite resin for the manufacturing of the "table tops", for example Tizian, which is a zirconia reinforced composite (Schutz Dental Group). In the present study we prove the value of a fast swept source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) system in the evaluation of the marginal fit of Tizian "table tops". 12 maxillary first premolars were extracted and minimally invasive prepared for "table tops". The Tizian "table tops" were then adhesively cemented on the natural teeth with Variolink II (Ivoclar Vivadent). A SS-OCT system has been used to evaluate the marginal and internal adaptation of Tizian "table tops". The SS (Axsun Technologies, Billerica, MA) has a central wavelength of 1060 nm, a sweeping range 106 nm (quoted at 10 dB), and a 100 kHz line rate. The depth resolution of the system, measured experimentally in air was 10 ?m. The same samples were analyzed by using a micro-computed tomography (?CT) system, in order cu confirm the data obtained by using OCT. The imaging system used for this study offers good spatial resolutions in both directions, transversal and longitudinal, of around 10 ?m, a high sensitivity, and it is also able to acquire entire 3D volumes as fast as 2.5 s. Once the full dataset has been acquired, rendered high resolutions en-face projections could be produced. With it, the "table top" – cement – abutment tooth interfaces were observed on both C-scans as 2D images and also in the 3D reconstructions; the system was able to detect several open interfaces, which were confirmed on the ?CT i mages. The SS-OCT system allows for an efficient evaluation of biomimetic Tizian "table tops".

Demonstration of a real-time receiver working with 28 GBd at 32 GSa/s. The signal processing is done on a single FPGA. The resource-saving non-integer oversampling of 8/7 is enabled by a timing synchronization in the frequency domain.

The impacts of parasitic phenomenon on the performance of the analog accumulator in CMOS TDI image sensor are analyzed in this paper, and a modified accumulator with decoupling capacitor Cd to combat the parasitic phenomenon is also proposed. A 128-stage modified accumulator is designed and simulated. A prototype 1024 × 128 CMOS TDI image sensor with the 128-stage modified accumulator is fabricated in 0.18- μm one-poly four-metal 1.8 V/3.3 V CMOS technology. With a line rate of 3875 lines/s, at 128 stages the measured sensitivity and SNR improvement of the fabricated sensor are 617.1 V/lux·s and 16.6 dB respectively. The simulation and experiment results have proved the effectiveness of the decoupling capacitor C d when combating the parasitic phenomenon in the analog accumulator. The proposed modified accumulator is suitable for application in CMOS TDI image sensor with high stages.

In this paper we introduce SNF, a framework that synthesizes (S) network function (NF) service chains by eliminating redundant I/O and repeated elements, while consolidating stateful cross layer packet operations across the chain. SNF uses graph composition and set theory to determine traffic classes handled by a service chain composed of multiple elements. It then synthesizes each traffic class using a minimal set of new elements that apply single-read-single-write and early-discard operations. Our SNF prototype takes a baseline state of the art network functions virtualization (NFV) framework to the level of performance required for practical NFV service deployments. Software-based SNF realizes long (up to 10 NFs) and stateful service chains that achieve line-rate 40 Gbps throughput (up to 8.5x greater than the baseline NFV framework). Hardware-assisted SNF, using a commodity OpenFlow switch, shows that our approach scales at 40 Gbps for Internet Service Provider-level NFV deployments. QC 20170626 European Union Horizon 2020 BEhavioural BAsed forwarding (BEBA) European Research Council (ERC) PROPHET

The speedup of a switch is the factor by which the switch, and hence the memory used in the switch, runs faster compared to the line rate. In high-speed switches, line rates are already touching limits at which memory can operate. In this scenario, it is very important for a switch to run at as low a speedup as possible. In the past, it has been shown that 100% throughput can be achieved for any admissible traffic for an input queued (IQ) switch [IEEE Trans. Commun. 47 (8) (1999) 1260; The throughput of data switches with and without speedup, in: Proceedings of the IEEE INFOCOM’00, vol. 2, Tel Aviv, Israel, March 2000, pp. 556–564] at speedup 1. This gives finite average delays but does not guarantee control on packet delays. In [IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun. 17 (6) (1999) 1030], authors show that a combined input–output queued (CIOQ) switch can emulate perfectly an output queued (OQ) switch at a speedup of 2 and, thus, control the packet delays. This motivates the study of possibility of obtaining delay control at speedup less than 2. To guarantee optimal control of delays for a general class of traffic, as shown in [3], speedup 2 is necessary. Hence, to obtain control of delays at lower speedup, we need to restrict the class of arrival traffics. In this paper, we study the speedup requirement for a class of admissible traffic, which we will denote as (1 , nF)-regulated traffic, with parameters n and F .W e obtain the necessary speedup for this class of traffic. Further, we present a general class of algorithms working at the necessary speedups and providing bounded delays. © 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Spectrally encoded confocal microscopy (SECM) is a reflectance confocal microscopy technology that uses a diffraction grating to illuminate different locations on the sample with distinct wavelengths. SECM can obtain line images without any beam scanning devices, which opens up the possibility of high-speed imaging with relatively simple probe optics. This feature makes SECM a promising technology for rapid endoscopic imaging of internal organs, such as the esophagus, at microscopic resolution. SECM imaging of the esophagus has been previously demonstrated at relatively low line rates (5 kHz). In this paper, we demonstrate SECM imaging of large regions of esophageal tissues at a high line imaging rate of 100 kHz. The SECM system comprises a wavelength-swept source with a fast sweep rate (100 kHz), high output power (80 mW), and a detector unit with a large bandwidth (100 MHz). The sensitivity of the 100-kHz SECM system was measured to be 60 dB and the transverse resolution was 1.6 µm. Excised swine and human esophageal tissues were imaged with the 100-kHz SECM system at a rate of 6.6 mm(2)/sec. Architectural and cellular features of esophageal tissues could be clearly visualized in the SECM images, including papillae, glands, and nuclei. These results demonstrate that large-area SECM imaging of esophageal tissues can be successfully conducted at a high line imaging rate of 100 kHz, which will enable whole-organ SECM imaging in vivo.

We generate a 105.7-Gb/s signal by directly modulating a 1.5-µm VCSEL with a 33.35-Gbaud 3-level signal and polarization multiplexing. By using digital coherent detection, we successfully transmit the 105.7-Gb/s line rate (88.10 Gb/s net bit rate) signal over 960-km standard single-mode-fiber (SSMF) at a 20% hard-decision forward-error correction (FEC) threshold, which is at bit-error ratio (BER) of 1.5 x 10(-2)

An XYZ nanopositioner is designed for fast the atomic force microscopy. The first resonant modes of the device are measured at 8.8, 8.9, and 48.4 kHz along the X-, Y-, and Z-axes, respectively, which are in close agreement to the finite-element simulations. The measured travel ranges of the lateral and vertical axes are 6.5 ?m � 6.6 ?m and 4.2 ?m, respectively. Actuating the nanopositioner at frequencies beyond 1% of the first resonance of the lateral axes causes mechanical vibrations that result in degradation of the images generated. In order to improve the lateral scanning bandwidth, controllers are designed using the integral resonant control methodology to damp the resonant modes of the nanopositioner and to enable fast actuation. Due to the large bandwidth of the designed nanopositioner, a field programmable analog array is used for analog implementation of the controllers. High-resolution images are successfully generated at 200-Hz line rate with 200�200 pixel resolution in closed loop. � 1996-2012 IEEE.

We demonstrate high-throughput label-free single-cell image cytometry and image-based classification of Euglena gracilis (a microalgal species) under different culture conditions. We perform it with our high-throughput optofluidic image cytometer composed of a time-stretch microscope with 780-nm resolution and 75-Hz line rate, and an inertial-focusing microfluidic device. By analyzing a large number of single-cell images from the image cytometer, we identify differences in morphological and intracellular phenotypes between E. gracilis cell groups and statistically classify them under various culture conditions including nitrogen deficiency for lipid induction. Our method holds promise for real-time evaluation of culture techniques for E. gracilis and possibly other microalgae in a non-invasive manner.

WDM transmission tests were performed on a 4200 km installed section of the Trans-Pacific Cable (TPC-5) system. Tests were performed at transmission rates up to 10 Gbit/s and at distances up to 16800 km by looping the received signal back at each end. Our results demonstrate that the 4200 km section of TPC-5 Segment G is fully capable of operating at twice the design line rate of 5 Gbit/s.

A compact optical performance monitor for dense wavelength division multiplex networks is presented. This novel low-cost device can be used to assess the signal quality in terms of the Q-factor independently of data format and line rate.

We demonstrate a silicon-organic hybrid (SOH) Mach-Zehnder modulator (MZM) generating four-level amplitude shift keying (4ASK) signals at symbol rates of up to 64 GBd both at room temperature and at an elevated temperature of 80°C. The measured line rate of 128 Gbit/s corresponds to the highest value demonstrated for silicon-based MZM so far. We report bit error ratios of 10−10 (64 GBd BPSK), 10−5 (36 GBd 4ASK), and 4 × 10−3 (64 GBd 4ASK) at room temperature. At 80 °C, the respective bit error ratios are 10−10, 10−4, and 1.3 × 10−2. The high-temperature experiments were performed in regular oxygen-rich ambient atmosphere.

The author presents an analytic model of tactical decision making for wildland fire suppression, which emphasizes the control line concept. After determining solutions for several representations of practical constraint conditions, he concludes that control tactices can be simulated mathematically. However, he also outlines areas requiring further work.