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Additional file 3: Fig. S3. Partial alignment of amino acids sequences in another nine positively selected genes. (A-J): atpB, ndhA, ndhC, ndhI, ndhJ, and psbK, rpl20, rpoB, and rpoC1. The red blocks indicate the amino acids in twenty-two species with a high BEB posterior probability.

Additional file 2: Fig. S2. Morphological features of mericarps of twelve species. (A) Dorsal side views ofmericarps. (B) commissural side views of mericarps. (C) transverse sections. Scale bars:A=1.0 mm;B=1.0 mm; C=0.5 mm.

Additional file 1: Fig. S1. Phylogenetic tree reconstruction of the 62 taxa inferred from Bayesian inference (BI) analyses and Maximum likelihood (ML) based on nuclear internaltranscribed spacer (ITS) sequences. Numbers indicate Bayesian posterior probabilities (PP) and mamxium likelihood bootstrap values (BS), and (*) indicates maximumsupport in both two analysis, and (-) indicates mamxium likelihood bootstrap values (BS) less than 50 in Maximum likelihood (ML) analyses.

Key to the Cortiella species 1 Rays few (3–6); thin pedicels longer than leaves.......................................................................................................... C. yatungense 1 Rays many (more than 6); stout pedicels shorter than leaves or subequal.........................................................................................2 2 Petioles and rachis glabrous or essentially glabrous..........................................................................................................................3 2 Petioles and rachis densely puberulous..............................................................................................................................................4 3 Ultimate leaf segments trind; rays about 10................................................................................................................. C. lamondiana 3 Ultimate leaf segments obovate, 3-lobed, apex rounded; rays 20–30............................................................................ C. caespitosa 4 Dorsal ribs wings broad, slightly narrower than lateral wings, often convoluted and crowded when mature; ultimate leaf segments less than 4 mm; styles (1.5–) 2–3.5 mm after flowering..................................................................................................... C. hookeri 4 Dorsal ribs wings narrow, often poorly developed, much narrower than lateral wings, not convoluted and crowded; ultimate leaf segments usually more than 4 mm; styles 1.75–3 mm after flowering........................................................................... C. cortioides, Published as part of Deng, Jiao-Jiao, Peng, Chang, Liu, Chang-Kun, Xie, Deng-Feng, Gui, Ling-Jian, Zhou, Song- Dong & He, Xing-Jin, 2022, Cortiella yatungense, a new species of Cortiella (Apiaceae) from Xizang, China, pp. 189-199 in Phytotaxa 566 (2) on page 195, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.566.2.3, http://zenodo.org/record/7119151

Cortiella yatungense J.J. Deng, C. Peng & X.J. He, sp. nov. (Figs. 1, 2) Diagnosis: — Cortiella yatungense is related to C. hookeri and C. cortioides but it can be distinguished from both by fewer rays (3–6 vs.>6), thin pedicels longer than leaves (vs. stout pedicels shorter than leaves or subequal), petals infolded at apex (vs. slightly incurved and infolded), calyx teeth long-triangular (vs. triangular), ovate to suborbicular (vs. oblong-globose and suborbicular) fruits, and mericarps without vittae (vs. furrow vittae 1, commissure vittae 0–2). Type: — CHINA. Xizang: Yatung County, Kangbu; 27°47’13.76’’N, 89°3’13.93’’E; elevation 4789 m a.s.l., 20 Sep 2021, DJJ2021092005 (holotype: SZ) (Fig. 4). Description: —Perennial stemless herbs. Plants 4–8 cm. Roots long-conical, 5–12 cm long, with a few branched roots. Leaves petiolate, petioles 3–5 cm long, 1–2 mm thick, sheaths inflated at base. Leaf rachis and petioles fluted, densely fulvous puberulous; blade narrowly oblong, 2.5–5 × 1–2 cm, 1–2-pinnate; pinnae 4–7 pairs, sessile, ultimate segments linear, 1–3 × 0.1–0.6 mm, apex acute. Both compound umbels and simple umbels are present, both drawing from the base; Bracts 1, pinnate; rays 3–6, unequal, pubescent; bracteoles 10–12, linear or pinnate. Calyx teeth long acuminate or linear, about the same length as petals. Petals white, white with purple or purple, ovate, apex infolded; Stylopodium conic, dark purple. Fruit ovate to suborbicular, mainly suborbicular, compressed dorsally, dorsal ribs narrowly winged, lateral ribs broadly winged; vittae absent in each furrow and on commissure. Seed transversely compressed dorsally. Phenology: —Flowering from August to September, fruiting from September to October. Etymology: —The specific epithet is derived from the name of Yatung (Xizang), where the type material was collected. Distribution, habitat and ecology: — Cortiella yatungense is distributed in Xizang (Yatung County) in southwestern China (Fig. 5). It grows in alpine meadows at altitudes of 4000–4800 m. Conservation status: —This species is currently known only from Yadong, Nyingchi and Cona County of China. In Yadong, a total of more than 300 individuals has been found. However, there is no more information about its conservation status. Based on current information, we propose to assess Cortiella yatungense as “Data Deficient” (DD) according to IUCN (2019). Additional specimens examined: — China. Xizang: Nyingchi, West of Shergyla mountain, 2 Aug 2008, Luo Jian & Wang Shuli LiuJQ-08XZ-151 (KUN); Cona County, Mamagou, 28 Aug 2011, Luo Jian & Wang Shuli LiuJQ-11XZ-071 (KUN); Yadong County, Kangbu, 4789 m, 20 Sep 2021, Deng Jiaojiao & Peng Chang DJJ2021092005(SZ)., Published as part of Deng, Jiao-Jiao, Peng, Chang, Liu, Chang-Kun, Xie, Deng-Feng, Gui, Ling-Jian, Zhou, Song- Dong & He, Xing-Jin, 2022, Cortiella yatungense, a new species of Cortiella (Apiaceae) from Xizang, China, pp. 189-199 in Phytotaxa 566 (2) on pages 192-195, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.566.2.3, http://zenodo.org/record/7119151

Additional file 3: Table S2. List of unique genes identified in plastomes of Peucedanum.

Additional file 1: Fig. S1. Analyses of RNA editing sites in twelve Peucedanum plastomes: (A) numbers of RNA editing sites distributed in different codon positions; (B) numbers of RNA editing sites presented in genes.