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Chunjie Yin,1,* Xiaokaiti Mijiti,2,* Haican Liu,3,* Quan Wang,2 Bin Cao,3,4 Aiketaguli Anwaierjiang,5 Machao Li,3 Mengwen Liu,1 Yi Jiang,3 Miao Xu,2 Kanglin Wan,3 Xiuqin Zhao,3 Guilian Li,3 Hui Xiao1 1School of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, People’s Republic of China; 2The Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, People’s Republic of China; 3State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People’s Republic of China; 4School of Public Health, University of South China, Hengyang, People’s Republic of China; 5College of Xinjiang Uyghur Medicine, Hetian, People’s Republic of China*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Guilian Li; Hui Xiao, Email liguilian@icdc.cn; xh20108262@sina.comBackground: In the last decades, the molecular epidemiological investigation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis has significantly increased our understanding of tuberculosis epidemiology. However, few such studies have been done in southern Xinjiang, China. We aimed to clarify the molecular epidemic characteristics and their association with drug resistance in the M. tuberculosis isolates circulating in this area.Methods: A total of 347 isolates obtained from southern Xinjiang, China between Sep, 2017 and Sep, 2019 were included to characterize using a 15-locus MIRU-VNTR (VNTR-15China) typing and spoligotyping, and test for drug susceptibility profiles. Then the lineages and clustering of the isolates were analyzed, as well as their association with drug resistance.Results: Spoligotyping results showed that 60 spoligotype international types (SITs) containing 35 predefined SITs and 25 Orphan or New patterns, and 12 definite genotypes were found, and the top

Bin Cao,1,2,* Xiaokaiti Mijiti,3,* Le-Le Deng,2,4 Quan Wang,3 Jin-Jie Yu,1,2 Aiketaguli Anwaierjiang,5 Chengyu Qian,2,6 Machao Li,2 Dan-Ang Fang,2,6 Yi Jiang,2 Li-Li Zhao,2 Xiuqin Zhao,2 Kanglin Wan,2 Haican Liu,2 Guilian Li,2 Xiuqin Yuan1 1School of Public Health, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, People’s Republic of China; 2State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 102206, People’s Republic of China; 3The Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830000, People’s Republic of China; 4National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People’s Republic of China; 5College of Xinjiang Uyghur Medicine, Hetian, 848000, People’s Republic of China; 6Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Sanitary Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, China, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, People’s Republic of China*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Xiuqin Yuan; Guilian Li, Email wtjysh@126.com; liguilian@icdc.cnBackground: Ethionamide (ETH), a structural analogue of isoniazid (INH), is used for treating multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB). Due to the common target InhA, INH and ETH showed cross-resistance in M. tuberculosis. This study aimed to explore the INH and ETH resistant profiles and genetic mutations conferring independent INH- or ETH-resistance and INH-ETH cross-resistance in M. tuberculosis circulating in south of Xinjiang, China.Methods: From Sep 2017 to Dec 2018, 312 isolates were included using drug susceptibility testing (DST), spoligotyping, and whole genome sequencing (W

Jinjie Yu,1,2,* Mengwen Liu,3,* Xiaokaiti Mijiti,4,* Haican Liu,2,* Quan Wang,4 Chunjie Yin,3 Aiketaguli Anwaierjiang,5 Miao Xu,4 Machao Li,2 Lele Deng,2,6 Hui Xiao,3 Xiuqin Zhao,2 Kanglin Wan,2 Guilian Li,2 Xiuqin Yuan1 1School of Public Health, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, People’s Republic of China; 2State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 102206, People’s Republic of China; 3School of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830011, People’s Republic of China; 4The Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830049, People’s Republic of China; 5College of Xinjiang Uyghur Medicine, Hetian, 848000, People’s Republic of China; 6National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People’s Republic of China*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Xiuqin Yuan, School of Public Health, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, People’s Republic of China, Email wtjysh@126.com;Guilian Li, State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 102206, People’s Republic of China, Email liguilian@icdc.cnBackground: The aim of the present study was to investigate the association between vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene polymorphism and tuberculosis susceptibility, as well as the potential interaction of host genetic factors with the heterogeneity of Mycobacterium tuberculos

Zuhui Xu,1,2,* Haican Liu,3,* Yanping Liu,4,* Yi Tang,2 Yunhong Tan,2 Peilei Hu,2 Chuanfang Zhang,2 Chongguang Yang,4 Kanglin Wan,3 Qiaozhi Wang2 1Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, People’s Republic of China; 2Tuberculosis Control Institute of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410013, People’s Republic of China; 3State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 102206, People’s Republic of China; 4School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518000, People’s Republic of China*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Qiaozhi Wang, Department of Institute office, Tuberculosis Control Institute of Hunan Province, No. 519 of Xianjiahu Road, Changsha, 410013, People’s Republic of China, Tel/fax +86073188809748, Email wangqz664@163.com Kanglin Wan, State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 155 of Changbai Road, Changping District, Beijing, 102206, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 13910065264, Email wankanglin@icdc.cnBackground: Tuberculosis (TB) seriously threatens individual and public health. Recently, TB outbreaks in schools have been reported more frequently in China and have attracted widespread attention. We reported three TB outbreaks in high schools in Hunan Province, China.Methods: When a tuberculosis patient was reported in a school, we carried out field epidemiological investigations, including tuberculin skin testing (TST), chest X-ray (CXR) and laboratory test for all close contacts, and whole-genome sequencing (WGS) analyses to understand the transmission patterns, the causes and the risk factors for the outbreaks, thereby pr

Mengwen Liu,1 Quan Wang,2 Haican Liu,3 Chunjie Yin,1 Xiaokaiti Mijiti,2 Aiketaguli Anwaierjiang,1 Kanglin Wan,3 Miao Xu,2 Machao Li,3 Siqin Nong,4 Guilian Li,3 Hui Xiao1 1School of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830011, People’s Republic of China; 2The Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830001, People’s Republic of China; 3State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 102206, People’s Republic of China; 4College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Guilian Li; Hui Xiao, Email liguilian@icdc.cn; xh20108262@sina.comPurpose: Polymorphisms in MBL2 may contribute to the susceptibility to tuberculosis. The aim of the present study was to determine the associations of the polymorphisms of five loci (rs1800450, rs1800451, rs7096206, rs7095891, and rs11003125) in the MBL2 gene with susceptibility to tuberculosis and specific lineages of Mycobacterium tuberculosis causing tuberculosis in the Uyghur population of Xinjiang, China.Methods: From January 2019 to January 2020, we enrolled 170 Uyghur tuberculosis patients as the case group and 147 Uyghur staff with no clinical symptoms as the control group from four designated tuberculosis hospitals in southern Xinjiang, China. The polymorphisms of five loci in MBL2 of human were detected by sequencing. Whole-genome sequencing was applied in 68 M. tuberculosis isolates from the case group and the data were used to perform genealogy analysis.Results: The distributions of allele and genotype frequencies of five loci in MBL2 varied little between the case and control groups and varied little among the groups, including those infected with different li

Aiketaguli Anwaierjiang,1,* Quan Wang,2,* Haican Liu,3,* Chunjie Yin,1 Miao Xu,2 Machao Li,3 Mengwen Liu,1 Yan Liu,2 Xiuqin Zhao,3 Jinbao Liu,1 Guilian Li,3 Xiaokaiti Mijiti,2 Kanglin Wan3 1College of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, Wulumuqi, 830011, People’s Republic of China; 2The Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Wulumuqi, 830001, People’s Republic of China; 3State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 102206, People’s Republic of China*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Jinbao Liu; Guilian Li Email 283474978@qq.com; liguilian@icdc.cnObjective: Drug-resistant tuberculosis is a major public health problem, especially in the southern region of Xinjiang, China; however, there is little information regarding drug resistance profiles and mechanism of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in this area. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and molecular characteristics of M. tuberculosis resistant to four anti-tuberculosis drugs from this area.Methods: Three hundred and forty-six isolates from the southern region of Xinjiang, China were included and used to perform phenotypic drug susceptibility testing and whole genome sequencing (WGS). Mutations in seven loci associated with drug resistance, including rpoB for rifampicin (RMP), katG, inhA promoter and oxyR-ahpC for isoniazid (INH), rrs 530 and 912 loops and rpsL for streptomycin (STR), and embB for ethambutol (EMB), were characterized.Results: Among 346 isolates, 106, 60, 70 and 29 were resistant to INH, RMP, STR and EMB, respectively; 132 were resistant to at least one of the four anti-tuberculosis drugs and 51 were multi-drug resistant (MDR). Beijing genotype and retreated patie