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Based on the unified strength theory and the Terzaghi limit equilibrium theory, the ultimate bearing capacity of screw pile has been deduced. The method to determine the critical pitch and calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of the screw pile in two failure modes including the independent bearing failure mode and the cylinder shear failure mode has been proposed. The influence of the unified strength theoretical parameter b and the key parameters of concrete screw pile on the ultimate bearing capacity has been analyzed. The results show that the ultimate bearing capacity of the screw pile is 1.5—2 times that of the round pile with the same outer diameter. The ultimate bearing capacity of the screw teeth is mainly determined by the cohesion, the internal friction angle, and the buried depth of the soil. As b increases from 0 to 1, the theoretical value of the ultimate bearing capacity of the screw pile increases by nearly 48%. As the influence of the medium principal stress on the soil strength is considered, the theoretical calculation results of the bearing capacity of the concrete screw pile will be more accurate. Of the parameters of the concrete screw pile, the screw height bh has the greatest influence on the ultimate bearing capacity, while the screw thickness t has little influence on the bearing capacity. When designing threaded pile, the height of screw can be increased to some extent to improve the ultimate bearing capacity of the screw pile.

Anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides is a destructive disease of Stylosanthes (stylo). Combination treatment of phloretin and pterostilbene (PP) has been previously shown to effectively inhibit the conidial germination and mycelial growth of C. gloeosporioides in vitro. In this study, the effects of PP treatment on the growth of C. gloeosporioides in vivo and the biocontrol mechanisms were investigated. We found that exogenous PP treatment could limit the growth of C. gloeosporioides and alleviate the damage of anthracnose in stylo. Comparative transcriptome analysis revealed that 565 genes were up-regulated and 239 genes were down-regulated upon PP treatment during the infection by C. gloeosporioides. The differentially expressed genes were mainly related to oxidative stress and chloroplast organization. Further physiological analysis revealed that application of PP after C. gloeosporioides inoculation significantly reduced the accumulation of O2•− level and increased the accumulation of antioxidants (glutathione, ascorbic acid and flavonoids) as well as the enzyme activity of total antioxidant capacity, superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione reductase, peroxidase and ascorbate peroxidase. PP also reduced the decline of chlorophyll a + b and increased the content of carotenoid in response to C. gloeosporioides infection. These results suggest that PP treatment alleviates anthracnose by improving antioxidant capacity and reducing the damage of chloroplasts, providing insights into the biocontrol mechanisms of PP on the stylo against anthracnose. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The boarding efficiency is essential for all airlines due to potential competitive financial pressure. Therefore, the turnaround time needs to be cut down for a shorter boarding time. The paper devised a feasible boarding strategy which combines the management mode decision of passenger boarding with the intelligent deployment of the operation process and will be likely to improve the efficiency of the passenger travel chain. Among which, to decrease the boarding time is an effective method. Firstly, we proposed an improved outside-in strategy, which costs shorter boarding time based on the existing outside-in strategy. However, this method requires passengers to stand in queue in advance. Secondly, we put forward a deterministic queue-ordered boarding method to improve it. Finally, we simulated and applied the strategy to a narrow-body aircraft A320 and a wide-body A380, both representative for their type of airplanes. It turns out that this strategy performs better than the current widely used method and will be able to increase boarding efficiency and thus maximize the profits of airlines., Author(s): Lijuan Luo [1]; Shaozhi Hong (corresponding author) [2]; Shanshan Shang (corresponding author) [1]; Xiaoli Zhou [1]; Junyu Yang [3]; Yu Pan [1] 1. Introduction Nowadays, the aircrafts try to [...]