Search

Solar energy-driven semiconductor photocatalysis has broad application prospect in the environmental governance field. However, vital problems that limits its application is that the discontinuity of nature sunlight. The ability of keeping catalytic activity in the dark could tackle these problems. Herein, a simple all-day-active photocatalytic system based on carbon nitride with electron storage property was carried out, which forms highly reductive radicals with lifetime exceeding diurnal cycle under sunlight irradiation. This carbon nitride system is capable to give off its trapped electrons to perform efficient Rhodamine B (RhB) degradation and Pb2+ reduction in the dark. The all-day-active photocatalyst system can still maintain catalytic activity even when it is cloudy or closer to night. Dramatically, this carbon nitride could hold the storage electrons for days under vacuum. The system above for storing sunlight as long-lived radicals will demonstrate a new approach for environmental protection, such as the remove of low-level pollutants in cloudy days and even the underground conditions.

ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to measure the efficacy of various types and dosages of statins on C-reactive protein (CRP) levels in patients with dyslipidemia or coronary heart disease.MethodsRandomized controlled trials were searched from PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, OpenGray, and ClinicalTrials.gov. We followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines for data extraction and synthesis. The pairwise meta-analysis compared statins and controls using a random-effects model, and a network meta-analysis compared the types and dosages of statins using the Bayesian random-effects model. The PROSPERO registration number is CRD42021242067.ResultsThe study included 37 randomized controlled trials with 17,410 participants and 20 interventions. According to the pairwise meta-analysis, statins significantly decreased CRP levels compared to controls (weighted mean difference [WMD] = −0.97, 95% confidence interval [CI] [−1.31, −0.64], P < 0.0001). In the network meta-analysis, simvastatin 40 mg/day appeared to be the best strategy for lowering CRP (Rank P = 0.18, WMD = −4.07, 95% CI = [−6.52, −1.77]). The same was true for the high-sensitivity CRP, non-acute coronary syndrome (ACS), 0.05). Node-splitting analysis showed no significant inconsistency (P > 0.05), except for the coronary heart disease subgroup.ConclusionStatins reduced serum CRP levels in patients with dyslipidemia or coronary heart disease. Simvastatin 40 mg/day might be the most effective therapy, and atorvastatin 80 mg/day showed the best long-term effect. This study provides a reference for choosing statin therapy based on LDL-C and CRP levels.

In recent years, studies of macrophage polarization in atherosclerosis have become an intense area of research. However, there are few bibliometric analyses regarding this area. In this review, we used CiteSpace 5.8.R3 and VOSviewer 1.6.16 software to perform text mining and knowledge-map analysis. We explored the development process, knowledge structure, research hotspots, and potential trends using a bibliometric and knowledge-map analysis to provide researchers with a macroscopic view of this field. The studies concerning macrophage polarization in atherosclerosis were downloaded from the Web of Science Core Collection. A total of 781 studies were identified and published by 954 institutions from 51 countries/regions. The number of studies of macrophage polarization in atherosclerosis increased over time. Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis and Vascular Biology published the highest number of articles and was the top co-cited journal. De Winther was the most prolific researcher, and Moore had the most co-citations. The author co-occurrence map illustrated that there was active cooperation among researchers. The most productive countries were the United States and China. Amsterdam University, Harvard University, and Maastricht University were the top three productive institutions in the research field. Keyword Co-occurrence, Clusters, and Burst analysis showed that “inflammation,” “monocyte,” “NF kappa B,” “mechanism,” and “foam cell” appeared with the highest frequency in studies. “Oxidative stress,” “coronary heart disease,” and “prevention” were the strongest citation burst keywords from 2019 to 2021.

BackgroundNecroptosis, a recently discovered programmed cell death, has been pathologically linked to various diseases and is thus a promising target for treating diseases. However, a comprehensive and objective report on the current status of entire necroptosis research is lacking. Therefore, this study aims to conduct a bibliometric analysis to quantify and identify the status quo and trending issues of necroptosis research in the last decade.MethodsArticles were acquired from the Web of Science Core Collection database. We used two bibliometric tools (CiteSpace and VOSviewer) to quantify and identify the individual impact and cooperation information by analyzing annual publications, journals, co-cited journals, countries/regions, institutions, authors, and co-cited authors. Afterwards, we identified the trending research areas of necroptosis by analyzing the co-occurrence and burst of keywords and co-cited references.ResultsFrom 2012 to 2021, a total of 3,111 research articles on necroptosis were published in 786 academic journals by 19,687 authors in 885 institutions from 82 countries/regions. The majority of publications were from China and the United States, of which the United States maintained the dominant position in necroptosis research; meanwhile, the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ghent University were the most active institutions. Peter Vandenabeele published the most papers, while Alexei Degterev had the most co-citations. Cell Death & Disease published the most papers on necroptosis, while Cell was the top 1 co-cited journal, and the major area of these publications was molecular, biology, and immunology. High-frequency keywords mainly included those that are molecularly related (MLKL, TNF-alpha, NF-κB, RIPK3, RIPK1), pathological process related (cell-death, apoptosis, necroptosis, necrosis, inflammation), and disease related (cancer, ischemia/reperfusion injury, infection, carcinoma, Alzheimer’s disease).ConclusionNecroptosis research had a stable stepwise growth in the past decade. Current necroptosis studies focused on its cross-talk with other types of cell death, potential applications in disease treatment, and further mechanisms. Among them, the synergy with ferroptosis, further RIPK1/RIPK3/MLKL studies, its association with inflammation and oxidative stress and translational applications, and the therapeutic potential to treat cancer and neurodegenerative diseases are the trending research area. These might provide ideas for further research in the necroptosis field.

In this work, surface modification of a Mg-4Sm-2Al-0.5Mn alloy with high current pulse electron beam (HCPEB) under different number of pulses were investigated. The evolution in microstructure, composition and phase components and properties in the surface layer before and after HCPEB treatment were characterized. It was found that the Al11Sm3 and Al2Sm phases in the surface layer were gradually dissolved during HCPEB treatment, leading to the formation of a chemical homogeneous melted layers. Besides, deformation bands were formed in the treated layer due to the thermal stress generated during treatment. After 15 pulses treatment, the surface hardness increases to the maximum value of about 62.2 HV, about 61.2% higher than that of the untreated state. Electrochemical results show that the 15 pulses treated sample presents the best corrosion resistance in the 3.5wt% NaCl water solution by showing the highest corrosion potential (Ecorr) of -1.339VSEC and the lowest corrosion current density (Icorr) of 1.48 × 10−6 A·cm−2. The results prove that the surface properties of the Mg-4Sm-2Al-0.5Mn alloy can be significantly improved by the HCPEB treatments under proper conditions.

BackgroundPyroptosis is a new programmed cell death discovered in recent years. Pyroptosis plays an important role in various diseases. Nevertheless, there are few bibliometric analysis systematically studies this field. We aimed to visualize the research hotspots and trends of pyroptosis using a bibliometric analysis to help understand the future development of basic and clinical research.MethodsThe articles and reviews regarding pyroptosis were culled from Web of Science Core Collection. Countries, institutions, authors, references and keywords in this field were visually analyzed by using CtieSpace and VOSviewer software.ResultsA total of 2845 articles and reviews were included. The number of articles regarding pyroptosis significantly increased yearly. These publications mainly come from 70 countries led by China and the USA and 418 institutions. We identified 605 authors, among which Thirumaladevi Kanneganti had the most significant number of articles, and Shi JJ was co-cited most often. Frontiers in immunology was the journal with the most studies, and Nature was the most commonly cited journal. After analysis, the most common keywords are nod like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 inflammasome, apoptosis, cell death, gasdermin D, mechanism, caspase-1, and others are current and developing areas of study.ConclusionResearch on the pyroptosis is flourishing. Cooperation and exchanges between countries and institutions must be strengthened in the future. The related pathway mechanism of pyroptosis, the relationship between pyroptosis and other types of programmed cell deaths as well as the role of pyroptosis in various diseases have been the focus of current research and developmental trends in the future research.

Background: Exosomes in cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) have become an active research field with substantial value and potential. Nevertheless, there are few bibliometric studies in this field. We aimed to visualize the research hotspots and trends of exosomes in CVDs using a bibliometric analysis to help understand the future development of basic and clinical research.Methods: The articles and reviews regarding exosomes in the CVDs were culled from the Web of Science Core Collection, and knowledge maps were generated using CiteSpace and VOSviewer software.Results: A total of 1,039 articles were included. The number of exosome articles in the CVDs increased yearly. These publications came from 60 countries/regions, led by the US and China. The primary research institutions were Shanghai Jiao Tong University and Nanjing Medical University. Circulation Research was the journal and co-cited journal with the most studies. We identified 473 authors among which Lucio Barile had the most significant number of articles and Thery C was co-cited most often. After analysis, the most common keywords are myocardium infarction, microRNA and mesenchymal stem cells. Ischemic heart disease, pathogenesis, regeneration, stem cells, targeted therapy, biomarkers, cardiac protection, and others are current and developing areas of study.Conclusion: We identified the research hotspots and trends of exosomes in CVDs using bibliometric and visual methods. Research on exosomes is flourishing in the cardiovascular medicine. Regenerative medicine, exosome engineering, delivery vehicles, and biomarkers will likely become the focus of future research.

ObjectivesTo identify the cooperation and impact of authors, countries, institutions, and journals, evaluate the knowledge base, find the hotspot trends, and detect the emerging topics regarding ferroptosis research.MethodsThe articles and reviews related to ferroptosis were obtained from the Web of Science Core Collection on November 1, 2020. Two scientometric software (CiteSpace 5.7 and VOSviewer 1.6.15) were used to perform bibliometric and knowledge-map analysis.ResultsA total of 1,267 papers were included, in 466 academic journals by 6,867 authors in 438 institutions from 61 countries/regions. The ferroptosis-related publications were increasing rapidly. Cell Death & Disease published the most papers on ferroptosis, while Cell was the top co-cited journal, publication journals and co-cited journals were major in the molecular and biology fields. The United States and China were the most productive countries; meanwhile, the University of Pittsburgh, Columbia University and Guangzhou Medical University were the most active institutions. Brent R Stockwell published the most papers, while Scott J Dixon had the most co-citations; simultaneously, active cooperation existed in ferroptosis researchers. Ten references on reviews, mechanisms, and diseases were regarded as the knowledge base. Five main aspects of ferroptosis research included regulation mechanisms, nervous system injury, cancer, relationships with other types of cell death, and lipid peroxidation. The latest hotspots were nanoparticle, cancer therapy, iron metabolism, and in-depth mechanism. Notably Nrf2 might have turning significance. The emerging topics on ferroptosis research were the further molecular mechanism of ferroptosis and the wider application of ferroptosis-related disease with advanced technology.ConclusionThis study performed a full overview of the ferroptosis research using bibliometric and visual methods. The information would provide helpful references for scholars focusing on ferroptosis.

Atherosclerosis is a complex chronic disease that occurs in the arterial wall. Oxidative stress plays a crucial role in the occurrence and progression of atherosclerotic plaques. The dominance of oxidative stress over antioxidative capacity generates excess reactive oxygen species, leading to dysfunctions of the endothelium and accelerating atherosclerotic plaque progression. Studies showed that Chinese herbal medicines and traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) might regulate oxidative stress; they have already been used to treat diseases related to atherosclerosis, including stroke and myocardial infarction. This review will summarize the mechanisms of oxidative stress in atherosclerosis and discuss studies of Chinese herbal medicines and TCM preparations treating atherosclerosis, aiming to increase understanding of TCM and stimulate research for new drugs to treat diseases associated with oxidative stress.

Background Atherosclerosis is a leading cause of global mortality, driven by complex interactions between genetic, metabolic, and environmental factors. Among these, hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) has emerged as a significant and modifiable risk factor, contributing to endothelial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and vascular inflammation. Despite increasing recognition of its role in atherogenesis, the precise mechanisms and clinical implications of HHcy remain incompletely understood, necessitating a comprehensive review to connect recent mechanistic insights with practical applications.Methods We analyzed the various mechanisms whereby HHcy accelerates the progression of atherosclerosis, and conducted a comprehensive review of publications in the fields of HHcy and atherosclerosis.Results HHcy promotes atherosclerosis through several mechanisms, including inflammation, oxidative stress, epigenetic modification, and lipoprotein metabolism alteration. Moreover, this discussion extends to current strategies for the prevention and clinical management of HHcy-induced atherosclerosis.Conclusion This review consolidates and elucidates the latest advancements and insights into the role of HHcy in atherosclerosis. The comprehensive narrative connects fundamental research with clinical applications. Contemporary studies highlight the complex interplay between HHcy and atherosclerosis, establishing HHcy as not only a contributing risk factor but also an accelerator of various atherogenic processes.