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Aluminum and magnesium alloys are lightweight materials with outstanding technical uses. Due to their combined qualities, composites built of aluminum and magnesium alloys have surpassed the utilization of these elements individually. Accumulative Roll Bonding was used to create a three-layered sandwich composite structure made of Al-alloy/Mg-alloy/Al-alloy. The composite structure's microstructure and mechanical characteristics were studied. A fine-grained AZ31 layer was formed, according to the microstructural study. At the Al-alloy/Mg-alloy contact, a diffusion layer was also seen. On the broken surface, fractography exhibited both ductile and brittle failure characteristics.

Aluminum alloy AA1100 has less wear resistance and mechanical properties than that of other aluminum alloys. This research work is on the fabrication of surface composites of AA1100 alloy by friction stir processing (FSP). The surface composites are fabricated by reinforcing hBN (hexagonal Boron Nitride) in AA1100 alloy to improve the mechanical and tribological properties. The influence of process parameters, rotational speed (rpm), and transverse speed (mm/min) on the microstructural evolution and properties of the fabricated surface composites is investigated.

Brake pads are the major components of the wind turbine, which primarily consists of metal matrix and ceramic reinforcements. The ceramic particles plunge out during the application of brakes, which in turn leads to the transformation of the wear mechanism from adhesive to abrasive wear. This increases the wear rate and therefore the study investigates the possible replacement of ceramic reinforcements with continuous fibers that exhibit high strength and compatibility. In recent years, Cu-based brake pads that are fabricated by powder metallurgy route are widely used in wind turbines. In this study, continuous fibers of stainless steel SS304 are reinforced in the Cu matrix by the casting method to preserve the fiber alignment. The fabricated composite is characterized for microstructure, microhardness, and tribological behavior. Besides, a comprehensive analysis of the wear mechanism in the developed composite is presented based on the surface morphology, elemental composition, and phase analysis.

Magnesium alloys are widely used to lightweight the components in the automobile, aerospace, and electronics industries because of their low density and high specific strength. However, factors lik...

Magnesium alloy AE42 is a candidate material for high-temperature applications. However, as-cast AE42 alloy exhibits poor high-temperature creep properties because of the microstructure that shows a continuous network of β-Mg17Al12 and Al-RE precipitates along the boundaries of coarse α-Mg grains. In the current work, friction stir processing technique was adopted to refine the coarse as-cast structure of the AE42 alloy and break up the continuous network of β-Mg17Al12 and Al-RE precipitates. The creep properties of the parent material and friction-stir-processed specimens were determined by impression creep test at 150, 175, 200, 225 and 250 °C. The results demonstrated that the presence of fragmented precipitates and the elimination of continuous network structure improved the creep resistance of the AE42 alloy. The metallurgical analysis revealed that no new precipitates were formed after friction stir processing and creep testing. From the data, it can be concluded that friction stir processing of AE42 alloy can lead to an increase in service temperatures from 150 to 225 °C.

Metals like aluminium (Al) and copper (Cu) are excessively used in electrical, automobile, nuclear, and structural applications because of their desirable electrical and mechanical properties. Join...

Phenothiazines are synthetic antipsychotics with a wide range of biological effects. Their properties are determined by the structure and variety of substituents in the heterocyclic system. It is known that various quantum chemical properties have a significant influence on drug behavior in biological systems. Because of the diversity in the chemical structure of phenothiazines and other drugs that include heterocyclic systems, quantum chemical calculations provide useful methods for predicting their effects. This study made an attempt to describe the physicochemical properties and the molecular docking simulation of phenothiazine derivatives. To predict the reactivity of phenothiazine derivatives, DFT-based descriptors including certain highest occupied molecular orbital and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital, energy gap, electronic chemical potential, chemical hardness, nucleophilicity, and electrophilicity were performed by using B3LYP / 6311 ++ G (d, p) level. The most and least active compounds were docked to the protein proteins glycosylphosphatidylinositol phospholipase D inhibitor (1GYM), anaphylatoxin receptor antagonist (6C1Q), arylacetonitrilase inhibitor (3UGC) and aspulvinone dimethylallyl transferase inhibitor (3RIX) to confirm the observations of DFT models and elucidate the mode of binding between this type of compound and the corresponding protein

This study investigated the flow and heat transfer of sodium alginate-based hybrid nanofluids with a stretching/shrinking surface. The heat source/sink, Joule heating, inclined magnetic field, and thermal radiation influences are also examined in the designed model. The mixers of non-magnetic and magnetic nanoparticles are utilized, such as Cu and Fe3O4. The Casson fluid model is applied to determine the viscoplastic characteristics of sodium alginate (SA). The necessary governing SA-based hybrid nanofluid flow equations are solved analytically by hypergeometric function. SA-based hybrid nanofluid velocity, temperature, skin friction, and Nusselt number results are discussed in detail with various pertinent parameters, such as radiation, heat source/sink, inclined angle, magnetic field, Eckert number, and Casson parameters. It is noted that the dimensions of both Cu and Fe3O4 hybrid nanoparticles and Casson parameters are minimized by the momentum surface layer thickness. The magnetic field, radiation, heat source and Casson parameters serve to enhance the thermal boundary layer thickness. Finally, the current result was verified with previously published works.

This research mainly focuses on the effects of heat absorption/generation and radiation on the hydromagnetic flow of Fe3O4-ethylene glycol nanofluid through a shrinking wall with porous medium and the computation of the entropy generation. We considered basic governing ordinary differential equations into partial differential equations by using appropriate similarity solutions. Moreover, hyper geometric function is employing to determine the formulated problem. We analyze the effects of appropriate physical parameters on the Bejan number, Entropy generation, Nussult number, skin friction, fluid temperature and velocity profiles. In addition, the derived result of the present study is compared with those in the existing literature. We noted that the presence of heat absorption and suction parameters reduces the Bejan number and increases the entropy generation, and the heat source, porous medium, radiation parameters minimize the entropy production. The presence of porosity parameter reduced the fluid velocity, improved fluid temperature and minimized the entopy production. Nanosolid volume fraction parameter reduced both Nussult number and skin friction coefficient.

Combining pressure and temperature for material processing remains a challenge; if combined and applied, the potential is high for advanced material processing. In addition to advanced powder materials processing and syntheses, complicated fabrications such as joining of dissimilar materials for aerospace, pressure assisted sintering are possible with combined high pressure high temperature technique. In this study, a simplified version of high pressure high temperature equipment is designed and built. The new system eliminates/simplifies complicated and costly equipment such as hot isostatic press. The system has capacity to apply maximum gas pressure of 100 MPa and attain temperature up to 1050 °C. In addition, different processing atmospheres (inert, reducing and vacuum) are possible in the system. Special purpose jigs and fixture are designed to accommodate various processes of synthesis, sintering, joining, hot isostatic pressing and densification etc. Sintering of powder compacts and loose powder were carried out to prove the system.

DNA conformation and stability are critical for the normal cell functions, which control many cellular processes in life, such as replication, transcription, DNA repair, etc. The accumulation of amyloid-β peptide (Aβ) and Copper (Cu) are the etiological factors for neurodegenerative diseases and hypothesized that they can cause DNA instability. In the current investigation, we studied copper and Aβ1-16 induced conformation and stability changes in CAG/CTG sequences and found alterations from B-DNA to altered B-conformation. Further, the interaction of the copper and Aβ1-16 with CAG/CTG sequences was studied by molecular docking modeling and results indicated that the interaction of copper and Aβ1-16 was through the hydrogen bond formation between adenine, guanine, and cytocine. This study illustrates the role of the copper and Aβ1-16 in modulating the DNA conformation and stability.

Down the ages, we see disability is as curse or punishment. With the development of science and social change, disability is seen as a societal problem rather than individual problem and solution became focused on removing the barriers to social change, not just medical care. The persons with a disability encounter discrimination; they tend to alienate themselves from society as they feel unwanted and rejected. It affects the psycho social condition of persons with disabilities. The human person is a complex entity composed of two distinct phenomena, the physique, and the psyche, commonly called body and mind [1]. It is both common knowledge and scientific theory that a person’s mental life and emotional reactions are influenced by his physical condition as well as his social and physical environment [2]. This research paper aims to present PsychoSocial problems faced by a person with a disability. And the objectives are to study the profile of the physically disabled and psycho social problems of the disabled. This study is descriptive in nature where data is collected from both primary and secondary source. 25 respondents were selected for the study and interview schedule is used to collect information.

In Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Acquired Immuno-Deficiency Syndrome (HIV/AIDS) epidemic, today has become not only a public health issue but also one that is seriously affecting the dynamics of the social, cultural, economic and developmental pace of the society. India has a population of 1.2 billion people, around half of whom are adults in the sexually active age group. The first AIDS case in India was detected in 1986 and since then HIV infection has been reported in all states and union territories. Estimated number of people living with HIV/AIDS, 2009 People living with HIV/AIDS is 2.39 million. Adult (15 years or above) HIV prevalence is 0.31%. Previously it was thought that around 5 million people were living with HIV in India - more than in any other country. Better data, including the results of a national household survey conducted in 2005-2006, led to a major revision of the prevalence estimate in July 2007. It is now thought that around 2.39 million people in India are living with HIV. Of these, an estimated 39% are female and 4 % are children. HIV prevalence in India may have declined slightly in recent years, though the epidemic is still growing in some regions and population groups. AIDS the killer diseases of the century is spreading with enormous rapidly and has now emerged as serious socio-economic and public health problems. The aim of the study is to find out changing scenario of Health Problems due to HIV infection. The objectives are to find out the socio-economic background of the respondents and to know the health issues of the positive people. The fifty samples 25 male and 25 female were selected from ART centre of Dakshina Kannada Districts at Karnataka State, India for this study

The pandemic of AIDS (Acquired Immuno-Deficiency Syndrome) is unique in more ways than one. It has innumerable social, cultural, demographic, political and economic dimensions, knowing no boundaries, the virus cuts across all population groups. The virus is preferentially bent towards those who are primarily in their economically productive years, i.e. 15 years to 49 years. This makes it even more vital to understand its impact on populations who are directly and indirectly shaping the economy. Being in the most productive age group, they are important contributors to the family, society and the economy. Given the ILO estimates globally there are 20 million workers living with HIV/AIDS, (Human Immuno-deficiency Virus), the implications of the pandemic for industrial workers assume a pointed significance. The psycho-social emotional deprivation resulting from the suffering of a family member from HIV/AIDS is not limited to factors operating within the family. The objectives of this study are : To study the problems and perspective of HIV positive people and To find out the stigma related to their status. 50 samples we have selected in this regard. This study is concerned, the majority of respondents who are suffering from HIV infection in Indian families in general and in Dakshina Kannada district, in particular, have carried with them own types of stigma, isolation, and discrimination at large level. They have considered it as one of the deadly disease caused by in numerous ways. Not only effect on our family member and often considered it a disgrace to have an infected person in the family but the whole society practices it as a stigma. They have a strong feeling that if they disclosed their status to their employees, colleagues, friends, family members, and other members would reject them. Their physical and emotional ailments will make difficult for them to function effectively in a different place. Again due to all these stress the physical appearance, loss of weight, the side effects of the medicines will make them difficult to work.

Women prefer to work part time job than full time because of various constraints, who havemore family responsibility than male. They suffer from low salary, unemployment whichlead them lower status in the society. This paper undertakes the study on the needs andconstraints of women entrepreneur. And explore the relevance of self-employment, training,and motivate to start self-employment and to become a successful entrepreneur. The aim isto give detail picture about the need and constraints of women entrepreneurs in DakshinaKannada. And the objectives are: To study the profile of the respondents; To explore therelevance of training, focussing on the factors responsible for relative success and failure ofself employment; To identify the Social and Economic condition of the respondents beforeand after starting Self Employment; To know the impact of Self Employment training andthe constraints to become successful entrepreneurs and the measures to overcome theproblems. This is the descriptive study conducted in Dakshina Kannada District. Thesampling consisted of 50 self-employed urban women and was selected through theaccidental and snow ball sampling method

The present work was carried out to assess a water quality index (WQI) of the Loktak Lake, an important wetland which has been under pressure due to the increasing anthropogenic activities. Physicochemical parameters like temperature (Tem), potential hydrogen (pH), electrical conductivity (EC), turbidity (T), dissolved oxygen (DO), total hardness (TH), calcium (Ca), chloride (Cl), fluoride (F), sulphate ( $${\text{SO}}_{4}^{2-}$$ ), magnesium (Mg), phosphate ( $${\text{PO}}_{4}^{3-}$$ ), sodium (Na), potassium (K), nitrite (NO2), nitrate (NO3), total dissolved solids (TDS), total carbon (TC), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), and chemical oxygen demand (COD) were analyzed using standard procedures. The values obtained were compared with the guidelines for drinking purpose suggested by the World Health Organization and Bureau of Indian Standard. The result shows the higher concentration of nitrite in all the location which is beyond the permissible limit. Eleven parameters were selected to derive the WQI for the estimation of water potential for five sampling sites. A relative weight was assigned to each parameter range from 1.46 to 4.09 based on its importance. The WQI values range from 64 to 77 indicating that the Loktak Lake water is not fit for drinking, including both human and animals, even though the people living inside the Lake are using it for drinking purposes. The implementation of WQI is necessary for proper management of the Loktak Lake and it will be a very helpful tool for the public and decision makers to evaluate the water quality of the Loktak Lake for sustainable management.

Bioimplants made of metallic materials induce a stress-shielding effect and delayed osteoblast activity during in-vivo experiments. Bioimplants also suffer corrosion, wear and combined effect of corrosion–wear during their service time. Bioimplants made of magnesium alloys result in a negligible stress shielding effect, owing to their similarity with bone’s elastic modulus. However, the soft matrix of the magnesium alloy is susceptible to high-wear rates. In this study, magnesium alloy AZ91D is subjected to the corrosion test (immersion and electrochemical), adhesive wear and simultaneous corrosion–wear test to test the significance of the body fluid in the corrosion–wear rate of the bioimplants. The surface morphology, elemental composition and phase composition of the specimens are characterized using field emission scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction analytic techniques. The results indicate that the simulated-body fluid has a significant effect on the corrosion rate and corrosion–wear rate of the specimens.

WOS: 000393744400027, The vibrational spectra including FT-IR and FT-Raman for 2,5-dichloro-p-xylene (DCPX) have been recorded. All the energies, the geometry of the compound and vibrational frequencies of (DCPX) have been calculated using density functional theory (DFT/B3LYP) method coupled with 6-31G* and 6-311+G** functionals. The occurrence of charge transfer was known from the HOMO-LUMO energy gap of DCPX. In order to find out the electronic excitation energies, oscillator strength and nature of the respective excited states, the closed-shell singlet calculation method has been utilized for DCPX. The values of the total dipole moment (mu) and the first order hyperpolarizability (beta) of DCPX have been investigated. The non-linear optical (NLO) behavior of DCPX has been identified from the results of hyperpolarizability values.

Pressure and leak testing are the two most important quality control steps followed at the end of fabrication for the components of ITER, Plasma physics and its related fields. In the current project, an elaborate procedure and facilities for the hot helium leak testing has been established. A conventional vacuum furnace has been modified to accommodate the global leak testing of high technology Plasma physics and ITER components. Special adaptors were designed and fabricated for hot helium leak testing under pressure mode. These adapters have a transfer tube which can be used to carry the helium in and out of the component under testing, without disturbing the vacuum level in the furnace chamber. These adapters were fitted to the 2000 mm long ITER components and tested successfully at the operating temperature of 200 °C. High end vacuum fittings and sealing mechanisms were installed on the mating surfaces of the furnace, to achieve high vacuum in the order of 10-5 mbar. Provisions have been given to address the challenge of local leak detection by installing a Wilson seal to move from one end of the component to other end; in such a way that one side of the seal is at 200 °C temperature in vacuum, other side is at room temperature in atmospheric pressure. This enables to locate the leak by moving the component form one end to other.

The application of second law of thermodynamics to an electrically conducting incompressible nanofluid slip flow over a stretching sheet is investigated in the presence of thermal radiation and non-uniform heat source/sink, both analytically and numerically. The governing dimensionless equations for this investigation are solved analytically by hypergeometric function and numerically by using Runge-Kutta-Gill method with shooting technique. The e ects of magnetic parameter, nanosolid volume fraction parameter, slip parameter, and suction parameter on velocity pro le are discussed for Ag nanoparticles. Further, in addition to these parameters, the e ects of radiation parameter and non-uniform heat source/sink parameters on temperature pro le and entropy generation number are also discussed. Finally, the results of these pro les of Ag nanoparticles are compared with those of the Cu, Al2O3, and TiO2 nanoparticles. It is inferred that the e ect of slip and non-uniform heat source parameters decrease the entropy generation. The metallic nanoparticles create more entropy than the non-metallic nanoparticles.

In the present work, commercially available Nickel Aluminum Bronze (NAB) alloy was composited with CaCO3 through casting route. The developed composite was characterized for microstructure, micro hardness, tensile strength (room temperature and high temperature), and wear rate. The results indicate an improvement in tensile strength by 10%, micro hardness by 2.5 times, and wear resistance by 29% than that of the as-received specimen. This is attributed to the reinforcement of CaCO3 in NAB, which in turn resulted in refinement of the grains, reduction of the β’ -phase and preferential formation of intermetallic precipitates of κ-phases (κII, κIII, and κIV).

An analysis is carried out to study the entropy generation of an incompressible, MHD flow of water based nanofluid over a stretching sheet. The analytical solutions of the governing non-dimensional nonlinear ordinary differential equations are presented in terms of hypergeometric functions and used to compute the entropy generation number. The effects of the physical parameters on velocity and temperature profiles are already studied in our previous work [13] . This work is extended to discuss the effects of magnetic parameter, nanoparticle volume fraction, Hartmann number and the dimensionless group parameter on the entropy generation for Cu, Ag, Al 2 O 3 and TiO 2 nanoparticles. The local skin friction coefficient and reduced Nusselt number are tabulated.

Rural remote villages located on top hills where lack of basic amenities including health and transportation facilities. Also vector control is a major task in tribal areas, because storage of water in different vessels are one of the essential practices in their lifestyle, So numbers of vector breeding sources are created by them due to poor awareness about vector borne diseases. In the present study involves mapping the spatio-temporal distribution and mosquito species in and around Sitheri hills located in Dharmapuri district of Tamil Nadu. For this study, the thematic maps like location, water storage sites, settlements, and spatio-temporal distribution of mosquitoes and potential mosquito breeding sites and its abundance map were prepared. Mosquitoes were collected from 10 villages in the study area using aspirator and resting bed net by indoor resting, outdoor landing and dusk collection for the years of 2012 and 2013. The spatio-temporal analysis was performed by the IDW interpolation techniques were used at GIS environment. The study provides information about density and spatial distribution of mosquito species record in the study area. The study concludes that the map of breeding sites and population density of mosquito vectors in Sitheri hills are essential for vector control and also useful for monitoring of Vector Borne Diseases (VBDs) in remote areas.

The present study investigates analytically the effect of partial slip magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) nanofluid flow on entropy generation in a stretching sheet by hyper-geometric function. Lie's scaling group of transformations are used to convert the partial differential equations of the governing equations into non-linear ordinary differential equations. The effect of pertinent parameters such as magnetic parameter, nanosolid volume fraction parameter, partial slip parameter and suction parameter are discussed for both velocity and temperature profiles. Also, the effects of partial slip parameter with the nanosolid volume fraction parameter, magnetic parameter, suction parameter and Reynolds number on the entropy generation are discussed for Ag nanoparticles. It is found that, the presence of nanosolid volume fraction parameter and partial slip parameter decreases the entropy generation in the flow region.

Copolymer of poly(aniline-co-pyrrole) film was electrodeposited on low nickel stainless steel (LN SS) substrate from 0.1 M monomers (aniline and pyrrole) containing aqueous oxalic acid solution. The coatings were synthesized by means of cyclic voltammetric technique. Then, the polymer coatings were modified by depositing zinc particles over it by potentiodynamic cathodic sweeps. The corrosion performance of zinc modified poly(aniline-co-pyrrole) coatings was investigated in 1 M HCl solution, using potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopic techniques. It was shown that the zinc modified poly(aniline-co-pyrrole) coatings exhibited a very low permeability and provided better corrosion protection to LN SS. This enhanced stability and better barrier properties may be due to the formation of pore free and adherent zinc modified poly(aniline-co-pyrrole) layer. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) and energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDAX) were used to study the morphology and coating composition of the LN SS specimen.

Human Immuno-deficiency Virus and Acquired Immuno-Deficiency Syndrome (HIV/AIDS) is one of the most effective diseases which is associated with different terms and concept like labeling, stereo typing, separating and discriminating the people who are positive. Even though, there is a reason, causes and preventive measures of HIV/AIDS society has considered the positive people are very dangerous and treated them as useless, as social evil and God’s curse etc and also discriminate them. This different attitude of publics have made them to keep themselves isolate from family, community and society. Due to this strong social stigma the positive people try the maximum part of their life in maintaining the secrecy. The present paper deals with demographic status of HIV/AIDS positive people i Dakshina Kannada and their degree of interaction in the family, community and society and also the problems they going to face in their day to day life. The researcher had collected information from various centers, hospitals, agencies and support group. The methodology is used in this study is field survey, interview and case studies method. 25 cases have been studied in depth. The main objectives are to know the impact of HIV on the people, family and in society, and to find out perception of peoples attitude, stigma and discrimination towards the HIV positive people.

In Human Immuno-deficiency Virus and Acquired Immuno-Deficiency Syndrome (HIV/AIDS), the HIV virus attacks the immune system, which defends the human body against pathogens. When there is balance against the immune system, the people living with HIV/AIDS (PLHA) become more susceptible to opportunistic infections (OIs). With the bodies immune system is not capable of defending itself against Opportunistic Infections, the PLHA ultimately submit to them. In developed countries, the cost of antiretroviral (ARVs) has been borne completely by the state; as a result, there has been a decrease in the number of deaths on account of HIV in the past 15 years. On the other hand, the number of deaths in developing countries due to HIV continues. In this paper, the researchers have made an attempt to examine the status of health of women in urban areas with respect to HIV infection. With this specific aim tried to know the reasons for the HIV/AIDs infection and its effect, consequence on women health particularly. By adopting field survey, interview and case studies methods, 50 samples have been taken and analyzed them systematically

The presence of floating islands is a unique characteristic of Loktak Lake. Floating islands play a significant role in ecosystem services and ecological processes and functioning. Rapid urbanization, industrialization, and a demand for more resources have led to changes in the landscape patterns at Loktak Lake in past three decades, thereby degrading and threatening the fragile ecosystem. The aim of the present study is to assess the changes in land use practices of the Phumdis by analyzing data from the past 38 years with remote sensing techniques. Landsat images from 1977, 1988, 1999 and an Indian remote sensing image from 2015 were used to assess the land use/land cover changes. The methodology adopted is a supervised classification using the maximum likelihood technique in ERDAS software. Five land used classes were employed: open water bodies, agricultural areas, Phumdis with thick vegetation, and Phumdis with thin vegetation and settlements. The results indicate that the highest loss of land used class was in Phumdis with thin vegetation (49.38 km2) followed by Phumdis with thick vegetation (8.59 km2), while there was an overall increase in open water bodies (27.00 km2), agricultural areas (25.33 km2), and settlement (5.75 km2). Our study highlights the loss of floating islands from the Loktak as a major concern that will lead to the destruction of the only “floating national park in the world.” There is a high probability of extinction of the Sangai, an important keystone species found in the Indo-Burma biodiversity hotspot, if floating islands are not protected through sustainable development.

Biogas production from cow dung with co-substrate agricultural waste is one of the most demanding technologies for generating energy in a sustainable approach considering eco-friendly. In the present study, coffee pulp (CP) was pre-treated with 1% NaOH and combined with various proportions of cow dung (CD) to explore its biogas producing potentiality. The optimization of the process was studied using Response surface methodology. Statistics based on 3-D plots were generated to evaluate the changes in the response surface and to understand the relationship between the biogas yield and other parameters. The highest methane production (144 mL/kg) was achieved after 90 h of incubation with 1:3 of CP and CD at 40 °C. Gas chromatography analyzes the chemical compositions of the generated biogas and its post combustion emissions. The chemical composition of the substrates before digestion and after fermentation (biogas spent sludge) were measured in terms of fiber content and the values were noted as, total solids (0.53%), ash content (9.2%), volatile fatty acid (100 mg/L), organic carbon (46%) and a total carbohydrate (179 mg/g). The results of the optimization of biogas production presented in this work found to have significance with the process parameters. The outcome of the study has supported the fact of conventional combustion technology that has to be upgraded to prevent these hazardous emissions into the atmosphere.

The brown mussel Perna perna , an effective bioindicator species for monitoring radioactive pollution, was used to evaluate the concentration of 210 Po in and around the coastal areas of Kanyakumari, a Monazite rich region. 210 Po concentration in P. perna collected from ten different locations in this region exhibited values ranging between 78.09 ± 5.5 and 320.00 ± 18.1 Bq/kg (wet). Kalluvilai recorded the maximum concentration of 210 Po (320.00 ± 18.1 Bq/kg), and hence further studies involving the activity of 210 Po in other marine organisms and terrestrial samples were carried out from this site. The annual intake of 210 Po by the population residing in this location via dietary sources was estimated. Similarly, the total annual committed effective dose to the public was found to be 2.24 mSv/year. The results obtained were compared to the values reported by earlier studies in India and also in other countries.

AZ31Magnesium alloy reinforced with different vol% of ZrO2 particle composites have been produced by stir casting process. The effect of ZrO2 vol% on microstructure and mechanical properties of AZ31 alloy has been studied. Significant refinement in grain size was observed in ZrO2 reinforced composites. The hardness, Proof strength and tensile strength of the AZ31/ZrO2 composites increased with increase in addition of ZrO2 particle. However the ductility of the composite sample decreased with the addition of ZrO2 particles. The tensile fractured surface was analyzed using SEM to find the fracture mechanisms.

The main objective of the study is to decipher the mechanism underlying the anticancer activity of phloroglucinol-encapsulated starch biopolymer against the breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231. An MTT assay confirmed that MDA-MB-231 cells are highly susceptible to treatment with the biopolymer in a dose-dependent manner. Morphological evidence by fluorescence staining revealed chromatin condensation, nuclear beading and loss of mitochondrial membrane potential. DNA fragmentation and cell cycle analysis confirm the progression of apoptosis in the MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell line. The semi-quantitative RT-PCR showed increased levels of pro-apoptotic genes such as those for caspase-3, 8 and 9. Western blotting analysis was done to substantiate the caspase-3 and 8 expressions in an efficient execution of apoptosis. To conclude, the controlled release of the polyphenolic compound phloroglucinol from starch induces cytotoxicity against the MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell line.

The present work reports the effect of cold rolling and subsequent annealing at different temperatures on the tensile behavior of 7075 aluminum alloy. The cold rolling has been carried out in between 12-28% and was annealed at various temperatures in the range of 225-325 °C for 5 min. Hardness test and tensile tests were carried out to evaluate tensile and ductility parameters. All the tensile specimens were taken from the transverse direction of the cold rolled and annealed sample. It has been observed that the cold rolling has a significant effect on the increase in the yield strength and lowering the ductility of the alloy. It was also observed that the cold rolled samples, annealed at 275 °C showed lower total elongation in the transverse direction, while for samples annealed at high temperatures the total elongation values were observed to be high. In general it is also observed that formability (UTS/σy) of cold worked and annealed samples were high when compared to cold worked samples. Fractographic study using SEM analysis was carried out for all the conditions. Failure took place by formation of dimples indicating ductile fracture

In this study, we have demonstrated the conformational changes to DNA induced by abnormal interactions of copper using circular dichroism, in combination with UV-absorbance and fluorescence spectroscopy. Results confirm that binding of copper to bases of DNA in chromatin is concentration dependent. Binding efficiency of Cu2+ ions to DNA is increased in proportion to the degree of unwinding of the double helix induced by denaturation. Altered B-DNA conformation will alter the integrity of DNA which may affect the normal process of DNA replication and transcription. Copper induced DNA damage in the brain may cause neurotoxicity and the neuronal cell death and is implicated in Alzheimer's disease and other neurological disorders. Keywords: Human brain, Chromatin, DNA, Copper, Neurodegenerative disorders

Poly((N-methacryloyloxymethyl)benzotriazole-co-N-vinylpyrrolidone) was synthesized by free radical solution polymerization technique and characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Thermal stability of the synthesized copolymer was analyzed by thermogravimetric analysis and differential thermal analysis. The corrosion performances of low nickel stainless steel specimens coated with different mole ratios of synthesized copolymer were investigated in 1 M H2SO4 using potentiodynamic polarization, electrochemical impedance method, and chronoamperometric studies. Surface and morphological investigation were also provided in order to characterize the adherence and uniformity of the coatings. Electrochemical corrosion test and surface analysis results were clearly showed that the copolymer-coatings served as a stable host matrix on low nickel stainless steel as environmentally favored good anticorrosive coating.

Corrosion studies on friction stir welded AE42 magnesium alloy were carried out in 0.1 M ammonium carbonate solution. For better understanding, comparative analysis of corrosion rates was carried out before and after welding. Friction stir weld zone was more corrosion resistant than the parent metal under similar experimental conditions. Grain size was refined at weld zone. Second phase intermetallic particles were refined into tiny pieces of 1-2 micron size and evenly distributed throughout the matrix. Local electrochemical imbalance was eliminated due to the grain refinement and elimination of continuous grain boundary. These phenomena improved the corrosion resistance of weld zone. Scanning electron microscopic images confirmed mild and uniform corrosion of weld zone and rigorous inhomogeneous corrosion of parent metal.

In India, single parents mean father or mother the one who is living alone with their children without his/her partner, because of death, divorce, or separation. In a case of divorce/separation generally, the mother is given custody of the children. Divorce is the most street-full experience that one can have in adulthood. It can be also extremely upsetting to children. Life is hard for most single parent families in India. Yet many people choose to divorce or separation rather than remain in an unhappy relationship, even though they know the difficulty of adjustments. A single parent need not be the natural mother or father of the child as some individuals choose to become the single parent by adopting the child. The biological parents are unable to take care of the child due to sickness, a death of one or both parent, an inability of the extended family to care for the child or parental abandonment, extra-marital affairs etc. Most of the time if a mother is alive; she retains the custody of her child or children. In this paper, the attempts have made to list out the problems of single-parent father and mother separately and the problems faced by the teenagers of the single parents its impact and the management of the situation in detail. The study is conducted based on both primary and secondary data and exploratory method with 50 teenagers from Dakshina Kannada district with snow ball sampling method. The interview schedule is used to collect data.

A B S T R A C T Precipitation hardening stainless steel and copper chromium zirconium alloy are age hardening materials used in ITER, aerospace and plasma physics. Dissimilar vacuum brazing was carried after in solutionised condition to retain the maximum possible mechanical properties of both the alloys. A novel differential temperature vacuum brazing method coupled with heat treatment was evolved for the same and proved by experiments. The brazing experiment was carried out with a special heater + furnace assembly where the precipitation hardening stainless steel part was at 1040°C and copper chromium zirconium alloy part was at 980°C which where matching with solutionising temperature of both the alloys. Immediately after brazing (brazing cycle = solutionising cycle) the samples were quenched from brazing temperature by inert gas. Filler material used in the study was gold-18% nickel alloy. Aging treatment was carried out at 496°C for 4 hours after brazing. Parameters for maximum joint strength and maximum mechanical properties of precipitation hardening stainless steel and copper chromium zirconium alloy were arrived and discussed in detail. Resultant joint strength, microstructure and hardness results were included

Aim To profile the bioactive compounds present in methanolic extract of Sargassum tenerrimum by Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (GC–MS) analysis for its antibacterial activity. Methods Antibacterial activity of methanolic extract was evaluated against five pathogenic strains by disk diffusion method at different concentration (25, 50, 75 and 100 μg/ml). Results The presence of bioactive functional groups was revealed by Fourier Transform-Infrared Spectrophotometer (FT-IR) analysis. The identification of phytocomponents of the methanolic extract was done by Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry analysis. Twelve compounds were identified of which two compounds 1, 2-Benzoldicarbonsaeure and Cyclopropanepentanoic acid showed maximum intensity of peak. The methanolic extract showed good antibacterial activity against five pathogenic strains at different concentration. Conclusion To conclude, S. tenerrimum was found to have bioactive compounds and it is necessary to identify the compounds responsible for antibacterial activity.