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Podolian cattle breeds are represented by: Romanian Grey Steppe, Iskar Grey (Bulgarian Grey), Istrian, Katerini, Ukrainian Grey and Hungarian Grey. The mitochondrial genome in cattle has a length of about 16,338 nucleotides. The majority of taurine mtDNA sequences cluster within macro-haplogroup T, which consists of six subhaplogroups (T, T1, T2, T3, T4 and T5). Recent developments in DNA sequencing technologies provide new opportunities for the examination of genetic material in extinct or endangered species, providing a new perspective on their evolutionary history. This paper has as main purpose the analysis of the mitochondrial genome in podolian cattle breeds by consulting the most relevant research in the literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sura de Stepa breed, which is on the verge of extinction, has been included in a preservation programme for animal genetic resources (H.G. nr. 822/2008), being raised in a reduced nucleus at S.C.D.C.B. - Dancu, Iasi. Researches were carried out on a number of 30 Sura de Stepa cows, focused on: milk production indicators by successive lactations, genetic determinism at the studied characters and at main lacto-proteins systems, the improvement value of breeding. The quantity of milk per normal lactation at Sura de Stepa population from S.C.D.C.B. - Dancu Iasi, has an upward evolution from 1589.64 kg in the first lactation to 2535.43 kg in the fifth lactation which is also the maximum one. First lactation represents 62.69% from maximum lactation, a value which highlighting the tardiness of Sura de Stepa breed in terms of milk production. Heritability analysis of the studied indicators show medium values for the quantity of milk and fat respectively a hereditary influence greater than h2 = 0.71% for percentage of milk fat and h2 = 0.57% for kappa-casein (K-cz) from milk. Lacto-proteins systems, beta-lacto globulin (β-lg), betacasein (β-cz), alpha-casein S1 (αS1-cz), have a low to intermediate heritability (0.19 to 0.29%) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research was carried out on a number of 30 Sură de Stepă cows raised in semi-intensive stalling at S.C.D.C.B. - Dancu, Iasi. On this nucleus we studied the main lacto-proteins systems and the correlations with milk production indicators. At Sura de Stepă breed were identified alleles for the six loci codifying the six types of major milk proteins (α S1-cz; β-cz; K-cz; β-lg; α-la; α S2-cz). In the system αS1-cz allele αs1-Cn B has the greatest frequency (0.700), in the system β-cz allele α-Cn A2 (0.550), in the system K-cz allele k-CnA2 (0.583) and heterozygous genotype AB (0.416) respectively BB (0.375), in the system β-lg allele β-lgA1 has the greatest frequency (0.542) and heterozygous genotype AB (0.500), in the system α-la could be found a mono-morphism for allele α-la B and similar in the system αS2-cz for allele αs2-Cn A. Kappa-casein (K-cz) is positive and strongly correlated with fat % respectively protein % (rp = 0.58-0.77, rg = 0.67-0.83, rm = 0.64-0.87). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Conservation and sustainable use of animal genetic resources was the subject of United Nation Convention from Rio de Janeiro since 1992 and International Treaty regarding phytogenetical resources for food and agriculture, in Romama, the conservation of genetic fund is scientifically accepted and applied somewhat in 1960 but at the time it has a legislative support Survey carries out on 33 cows were followed: milk yield indices per successive lactation body development indices at adult animals; intrapopulation genetic structure; genetic parameters. For estimating the genetic parameters has been used REML (Restricted Maximum Likelihood) method. From the productive point of view, milk yield ranges between 1493.36 kg and 2499.14 kg with variability over 28%. The average value for the size was 122.27 cm and body weight was 575.59 kg. Different studies shows average value for milk yield of 1624 kg for a mean of 216.54 days in 1947 at "AntonPaul"-llfov farm, 2172 kg in 1959 and 2310 kg in 196O, 1976 kg in 1963 at G. A. S Laza Vaslui, 1244 kg in 1961 at G.A.C "8 Mai" Săveni, Feteşti. The heritability coefficient (h²) has average value between 0.30-0.34 for the fat and milk quantity, and in case of fat percentage it may notice a strong genetic determinism. The studied population represents a valuable genetic fund, which must be preserved and ameliorated in the way of mixed production meat-milk and developed numerically. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Often, for the sows's artificial seeding, literature recommends the use of a 3-5 billion mobile sperm / dose. This number is high compared with other species and is determined by the particularities of the uterus. With various techniques has tried to reduce the number of sperm \ dose without sowing depreciate results. Intrauterine insemination consists in semen laying in the uterine horn base, using a special catheter, simple and easy to handle. Avoiding the first obstacle for the spermatozoons, cervix, the method allow the spermatozoons number (insemination dose) decrease, without sow reproduction performance depreciation. Biological material was represented by Camborough primiparous and multiparous sows distributed in tow batches: · control batch (CB) -usual inseminated sows with 4 billions/dose mobile spermatozoons; · experimental batch (EB)-intrauterine inseminated sows, with 2 billions/dose mobile spermatozoons. Semen was diluted with diluent Merck III. Each sow was inseminated twice on heat cycle. Intrauterine inseminations lead to fecundity increasing (by 6,9%). Differences between groups were semnifictive (p <0.001). In both groups, the fecundity was lowest in summer season compared to others. Prolificity increase too (0,24 piglets/sow). Differences were not significant (p <0.05). Number of piglets wean was near regardless of insemination technique. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Since the introduction of the dual chamber pacemaker (DDDR) in the early 1980s, researchers have repeatedly discussed and attempted to optimize the atrioventricular (AV) interval, in order to increase the cardiac performance of pacemaker patients. Nominal AV delay in a DDDR is not, by hemodynamics, the best option for the majority of patients with AV conduction disorders. Our research is suggesting a simplified approach to define an optimal AV delay in a DDDR pacemaker population on the use of the programming electrocardiogram (ECG) at follow-up. Methods: The study enrolled 55 consecutive patients (67.28 ± 1.03 years, 36 male) with an initial dual chamber pacemaker implanted for complete and second degree AV block between 2005-2010. Optimal AV delay was achieved by programming an additional delay of 95 ms, to the medium value of the interval between atrial pacing spike to the end of P wave or to the width of intrinsic P wave, on the ECG of the programming device. At discharge, shortly after the implant procedure, the patients were examined by Doppler echocardiography, during nominal and optimal AV delay pacing measuring systolic and diastolic left ventricular function parameters. Results: Compared with the nominal AV delay settings, the left ventricular end diastolic volume did not changed (from 112.3 ± 2.3 ml to 112.9 ± 2.3 ml), the end systolic volume decreased (from 59.8 ± 1.7 ml to 50.9 ± 1.3 ml, p<0.01) after adjusted the AV delay, followed by an increased left ventricle ejection fraction (from 61.07 ± 0.18 % to 65.46 ± 0.13 %, p<0.001) and isovolumic relaxation time decreased (from 102.7 ± 1.9 ms to 97 ± 2 ms, p<0.05). E wave velocity, A wave velocity and E/A ratio were not significantly changed. Conclusion: AV delay adjusted by programmer ECG in a follow-up session of an implantable device is a simple and useful method used in our laboratory as a resource for ventricular pacing optimization and hemodynamic improvement in patients with a dual chamber pacemaker (DDDR). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Since the introduction of the dual chamber pacemaker (DDDR) in the early 1980s, researchers have repeatedly discussed and attempted to optimize the atrioventricular (AV) interval, in order to increase the cardiac performance of pacemaker patients. Nominal AV delay in a DDDR is not, by hemodynamics, the best option for the majority of patients with AV conduction disorders. Our research is suggesting a simplified approach to define an optimal AV delay in a DDDR pacemaker population on the use of the programming electrocardiogram (ECG) at follow-up. Methods: The study enrolled 55 consecutive patients (67.28 ± 1.03 years, 36 male) with an initial dual chamber pacemaker implanted for complete and second degree AV block between 2005-2010. Optimal AV delay was achieved by programming an additional delay of 95 ms, to the medium value of the interval between atrial pacing spike to the end of P wave or to the width of intrinsic P wave, on the ECG of the programming device. At discharge, shortly after the implant procedure, the patients were examined by Doppler echocardiography, during nominal and optimal AV delay pacing measuring systolic and diastolic left ventricular function parameters. Results: Compared with the nominal AV delay settings, the left ventricular end diastolic volume did not changed (from 112.3 ± 2.3 ml to 112.9 ± 2.3 ml), the end systolic volume decreased (from 59.8 ± 1.7 ml to 50.9 ± 1.3 ml, p<0.01) after adjusted the AV delay, followed by an increased left ventricle ejection fraction (from 61.07 ± 0.18 % to 65.46 ± 0.13 %, p<0.001) and isovolumic relaxation time decreased (from 102.7 ± 1.9 ms to 97 ± 2 ms, p<0.05). E wave velocity, A wave velocity and E/A ratio were not significantly changed. Conclusion: AV delay adjusted by programmer ECG in a follow-up session of an implantable device is a simple and useful method used in our laboratory as a resource for ventricular pacing optimization and hemodynamic improvement in patients with a dual chamber pacemaker (DDDR). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Since the introduction of the dual chamber pacemaker (DDDR) in the early 1980s, researchers have repeatedly discussed and attempted to optimize the atrioventricular (AV) interval, in order to increase the cardiac performance of pacemaker patients. Nominal AV delay in a DDDR is not, by hemodynamics, the best option for the majority of patients with AV conduction disorders. Our research is suggesting a simplified approach to define an optimal AV delay in a DDDR pacemaker population on the use of the programming electrocardiogram (ECG) at follow-up., Methods: The study enrolled 55 consecutive patients (67.28 ± 1.03 years, 36 male) with an initial dual chamber pacemaker implanted for complete and second degree AV block between 2005-2010. Optimal AV delay was achieved by programming an additional delay of 95 ms, to the medium value of the interval between atrial pacing spike to the end of P wave or to the width of intrinsic P wave, on the ECG of the programming device. At discharge, shortly after the implant procedure, the patients were examined by Doppler echocardiography, during nominal and optimal AV delay pacing measuring systolic and diastolic left ventricular function parameters., Results: Compared with the nominal AV delay settings, the left ventricular end diastolic volume did not changed (from 112.3 ± 2.3 ml to 112.9 ± 2.3 ml), the end systolic volume decreased (from 59.8 ± 1.7 ml to 50.9 ± 1.3 ml, p<0.01) after adjusted the AV delay, followed by an increased left ventricle ejection fraction (from 61.07 ± 0.18 % to 65.46 ± 0.13 %, p<0.001) and isovolumic relaxation time decreased (from 102.7 ± 1.9 ms to 97 ± 2 ms, p<0.05). E wave velocity, A wave velocity and E/A ratio were not significantly changed., Conclusion: AV delay adjusted by programmer ECG in a follow-up session of an implantable device is a simple and useful method used in our laboratory as a resource for ventricular pacing optimization and hemodynamic improvement in patients with a dual chamber pacemaker (DDDR).