The dissemination and development of musical theater promote each other; smooth dissemination can promote development, and comprehensive development can expand the time and space of dissemination. With the development of time, the effective digital communication strategy of musical theater has gradually become the direction of research. The study utilizes pattern recognition technology to combine sensors for action pattern recognition of musical theater dance and first develops a human motion model that meets the needs of musical theater dance action. The sensor system was designed and developed from three parts, such as acceleration measurement sensors, plantar pressure measurement shoes, and a data acquisition motherboard. On this basis, the pattern recognition method of this paper is combined with the musical to realize the improvement and optimization of the musical stage, and the digital communication strategy of the musical dance is proposed according to the audience communication model. The sensor-based pattern recognition method of this paper has reduced the average output error of accelerometers by another 60%, and the average output error of gyroscopes by 48% after the calibration of its sensors, and the recognition rates of the eight patterns oriented to the musical theater dance are all above 91%. Based on the digital communication strategy of this paper, the communication effect of the musical theater in the digital platform attention to the total number of people, the total number of viewers, and the revenue of the theater company increased by 150,000 people, 53,000 people, and 28,000 yuan, respectively. This study, based on pattern recognition of musical digital communication strategies in practice, achieved good results. It provides an effective path for the development and promotion of musical theater.