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The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has revealed many areas of public health preparedness that are lacking, especially in lower- and middle-income countries. Digital interventions provide many opportunities for strengthening health systems and could be vital resources in the current public health emergency. We provide several use cases for infection control, home-based diagnosis and screening, empowerment through information, public health surveillance and epidemiology, and leveraging crowd-sourced data. A thoughtful, concerted effort—leveraging existing experience and robust enterprise-grade technologies—can have a substantive impact on the immediate and distal consequences of COVID-19.

Cancer antigen 15-3 (CA15-3) is a widely used tumor marker, and the serum level of this tumor marker is measured periodically in breast cancer patients during the chemotherapy period by capecitabine , Assuming that the higher serum levels of this tumor marker can be a potential risk in breast cancer patients, the study aimed to examine the effect on capecitabine with Ca15.3, serum estradiol, and calcium levels in postmenopausal women with breast cancer. The study was conducted on a total of 200 women, including 100 women without breast cancer who served as a control group aged range from (45-75years) and 100 women with breast cancer whose ages ranged from (40-70years). Patients at the oncology center at Imam al-Hussain medical city in Kerbala, Iraq, were sorted into groups based on their age, body mass index, disease duration, and treatment length for this study, which was done between July 2022 and October 2022, the efficacy of capecitabine, the plasma levels of (estradiol, Ca 15.3, and calcium) were measured in 100 breast cancer patients who had been taking the drug for at least 3 months. The findings revealed a statistically significant increase (p 0.05) in the concentration of Ca15.3 levels in women with breast cancer compared with control group, breast cancer (BC) is the most common form of cancer that results, and the average levels of serum calcium and estradiol were increased in patient had breast cancer chemotherapy and different with normal range, otherwise, the average level of serum calcium and estradiol in control groups within the normal range.in conclusion According to the ca15.3,serum calcium and estradiol levels, The high stability and existence of Ca15.3, serum calcium and estradiol in body serum make them a promising new diagnostic biomarker for breast cancer patients.

Objective: To examine the impact of the international organization for standardization (ISO), the challenges faced in its implementation and the implications of the process on patient care in the long-term accreditation in a tertiary care hospital in Kharian. Study Design: Cross-Sectional Study Place and Duration of Study: Combined Military Hospital, Kharian Pakistan, from Jan to Dec 2019. Methodology: Patient satisfaction questionnaires were given to 1600 patients presenting to the Indoor, Outdoor, Accidents & Emergency, Pharmacy, Radiology Department and Laboratory of Combined Military Hospital, Kharian Pakistan, as a part of a routine ISO audit annually for 2019. Responses were analyzed and tabulated. Results: The upward trend in patient satisfaction was attributed to administrative intervention policies based on patient complaints and suggestions incorporated into the questionnaires’ comment boxes. There was a significant difference between the response rates of patients in departments (p=0.016). It indicates that the satisfaction rate was higher among different departments. Conclusion: Patient satisfaction is directly proportional to interventional measures based on patient feedback. When utilised positively, these feedback loops can lead to an increase in the hospital's overall efficiency index and the standard of care.

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES: Certain interventions have been carried out to reduce blood loss during thyroidectomy to a great extent. The study aims to compare the efficacy of LigaSure thyroidectomy with conventional thyroidectomy. METHODOLOGY: A quasi experimental study was conducted at Aziz Fatimah Hospital, Faisalabad, and 58 patients were divided into two groups. Group A underwent conventional thyroidectomy and Group B LigaSure thyroidectomy. Preoperative and postoperative variables were recorded and analyzed in SPSS 21. An Independent t-test was used to compare the mean difference between the two groups. A p-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: A total of 58 patients were enrolled in the study and divided into two groups. The mean age of patients in group A undergoing conventional thyroidectomy was (43.1±9.23) and in group B was (41.23±9.23) with p-value=0.4419 (non significant result was found among the age groups) . Mean operative time calculated for LigaSure-assisted hemithyroidectomy (28.57±3.45) minutes, subtotal thyroidectomy (43.33±2.86) minutes, and total thyroidectomy (73.15±9) minutes were significantly lower than those undergoing conventional thyroidectomies 40.12±6.5 minutes, 66.25±6.29 minutes, 87.35±7.02 minutes respectively. The mean difference in mean operative time and number of sutures used in both techniques were statistically significant (p≤ 0.05). CONCLUSION: Less mean operative time and suture ligations have increased the surgeon's compliance toward the device. These devices are now the first choice for physicians and surgeons for thyroidectomies not only in Pakistan but also across the globe. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present work, 0.25 wt%GNP-Ti composites were prepared through powder metallurgy route by adopting three types of mixing modes to investigate the extent of mixing on the mechanical and tribological properties. Dry ball milling, wet ball milling, and rotator mixing were independently employed to homogenize the composite constituents. Three types of composite powders obtained were subsequently sintered into composite pellets by cold compaction followed by vacuum sintering. Morphological investigation of composite powders performed by SEM revealed better homogenization of GNPs in Ti matrix for dry ball milled composite powder, whereas wet ball milled and rotator mixed composite powders showed aggregation and bundling of GNPs. Micro Vickers hardness of composites produced via dry ball milling is 4.56% and 15.7% higher than wet ball milled and rotator mixed samples, respectively. Wear test performed by pin-on-disk tribometer showed higher wear loss for wet ball milled and rotator mixed composites in comparison to dry ball milled. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Effect of dietary inclusion of sodium bicarbonate on production performance of caged layers during summer was studied. One hundred sixty commercial layers (24 weeks old) were purchased from a poultry farm and were reared in a group for one week (adaptation period). At the start of 25th week of age, these layers were divided into 20 experimental units/replicates (8 layers/replicate), which were further allotted to five treatment groups (4 replicate/treatment). Five diets (A, B, C, D and E) were prepared with or without addition of sodium bicarbonate. Diet A, was without sodium bicarbonate and served as control whereas, diets B, C, D, and E contained 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0% sodium bicarbonate, respectively. All the diets were iso-nitrogenous (CP 17%) and iso-caloric (ME 2700 Kcal/Kg) and were fed to the experimental birds ad libitum, for 12 weeks (26-37 weeks of age). Data on feed consumption, number of eggs produced, egg weight and egg mass laid by the birds were recorded. These data were used for the calculation of feed conversion ratios on the basis of per dozen eggs and per kg egg mass produced. Five eggs from each replicate were checked weekly for their shell thickness, yolk index, albumen index, haugh unit score, yolk pH, albumen pH, specific gravity and yolk cholesterol. The results revealed that dietary inclusion of sodium bicarbonate significantly (P<0.05) improved feed consumption, water intake, weight gain, egg production and feed efficiency of the birds. Addition of sodium bicarbonate significantly (P<0.05) increased egg weight, egg shell thickness and specific gravity of eggs produced by the birds. Yolk cholesterol was found to be the lowest in the eggs produced by the birds fed diets containing 1% NaHCO3. Whilst, pH of egg yolk and egg albumen were found to be significantly (P<0.05) higher in birds, which were fed diet containing 2% sodium bicarbonate Respiration rate and rectal temperature was found to be lowered (P<0.05) by addition of sodium bicarbonate in the diet of layers. No mortality was observed in any group throughout the experiment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The herein reported study was conducted to evaluate the parasitic potential of Anisopteromalus calandrae (Howard) against larvae of Callosobruchus maculatus (F.), Rhyzopertha dominica (F.) and Sitophilus oryzae (L.) while, adult pests on the food medium treated with two formulations of diatomaceous earth (DE); Marine (Celite) and fresh water (Perma Guard) as grain protectants. The DE was applied at three dose rates i.e., 200, 400 and 600 ppm, at 25°C temperature and 65% relative humidity. Mortality and emergence of adults of tested insects and parasitoid were observed after 14 and 28 days of exposure respectivly. The highest mortality of C. maculatus was 43.37% against higher dose of Perma Guard (600 ppm) while the maximum mortality of S. oryzae was recorded 39.56% on application of Celite (600 ppm). The maximum mortality of A. calandrae parasitoid was observed 66.86% in S. oryzae infested grains treated with higher dose of Perma Guard (600 ppm), while 63.81% mortality of parasitoid was observed in S. oryzae infested grains at higher dose of Celite DE (600 ppm). The Perma Guard effectively controls population of tested insect's mortality than the Celite. The highest emergence of C maculatus observed was 62.44% at lower dose of 200 ppm of Perma Guard DE while the highest emergence recorded on application of Celite was 60.66% from C. maculatus. The highest emergence of A. calandrae was 65.65% from S. oryzae at lower dose of 200 ppm of Perma Guard DE while the highest emergence of parasitoid recorded on application of Celite was found 60.66% at lower dose of 200 ppm from C maculatus. The emergence of tested insects and parasitoid increased with the decrease in dose rate of DE in most of the tested combinations. Higher dose (600 ppm) of both DE (Celite and Perma Guard) used in experiment showed mortality of tested insects and parasitoid activity of Anisopteromalus calandrae and furthermore release of A. calandrae on host insects would be adversely affected by use of diatomaceous earth product on stored grains. The experiments were carried out in laboratory of Grain Research, Training and Storage Management cell, Department of Entomology, University of Agriculture Faisalabad. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]