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In this paper, artificial neural network (ANN) model is used to estimate the multiplicity per rapidity for charged pions and kaons observed in various high-energy experiments from central [Formula: see text] heavy-ion collisions with energies ranging from 2–200 GeV, and then compared to available experimental data, including RHIC-BRAHMS experiment, and covering the energy range of the future accelerator facilities at NICA and FAIR. We also used Landau hydrodynamical approach, which has a better description for the evolution of hot and dense matter produced in ultra-relativistic heavy-ion collisions. The approach is fitted to both results estimated from experiment and ANN simulation. We noted that the Landau model accurately reproduces the entire range of multiplicity per rapidity for all created particles at all energies. Also ANN model can reproduce the multiplicity per rapidity very well for all the considered particles. This encourages us to use ANN model to predict the multiplicity per rapidity for [Formula: see text] particles at energies [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] GeV.

Background: Posterior capsule opacification (PCO) also known as Secondary cataract is the most common complication following cataract surgery. It can occur between few months and many years after implantation of intraocular lenses (IOLs), with incidence figures ranging from

The particle ratios $k^+/\pi^+$, $\pi^-/K^-$, $\bar{p}/\pi^-$, $\Lambda/\pi^-$, $\Omega/\pi^-$, $p/\pi^+$, $\pi^-/\pi^+$, $K^-/K^+$, $\bar{p}/p$, $\bar{\Lambda}/\Lambda$, $\bar{\Sigma}/\Sigma$, $ \bar{\Omega}/\Omega$ measured at AGS, SPS and RHIC energies are compared with large statistical ensembles of $100,000$ events deduced from the CRMC EPOS $1.99$ and the Ultra-relativistic Quantum Molecular Dynamics (UrQMD) hybrid model. In the UrQMD hybrid model two types of phase transitions are taken into account. All these are then confronted to the Hadron Resonance Gas Model. The two types of phase transitions are apparently indistinguishable. Apart from $k^+/\pi^+$, $k^-/\pi^-$, $\Omega/\pi^-$, $\bar{p}/\pi^+$, and $\bar{\Omega}/\Omega$, the UrQMD hybrid model agrees well with the CRMC EPOS $1.99$. Also, we conclude that the CRMC EPOS $1.99$ seems to largely underestimate $k^+/\pi^+$, $k^-/\pi^-$, $\Omega/\pi^-$, and $\bar{p}/\pi^+$., Comment: 8 pages, 2 figures, submitted to JETP

This study investigated differences in colour preferences associated with academic field of study. This is because it is believed that educational background has an impact on personality traits affecting individual choices including colour preferences. A questionnaire was collected from 80 participants including students at graphic design and information technology departments at first and final years of study. Subjects were asked to choose the most preferred colour for clothing and living room. “Blue” was the most preferred colour for clothing by 15% of the total subjects. Colour preferences were not related to education concerning the clothing in all cases including students from first and final levels in graphic design and information technology departments. However, “White” was found the most preferred colour by 35% of total subjects. There were found significant relationships between educational background and colour preferences for living room. This relationship was investigated for final year students of graphic design and information technology χ 2 = 21.7; p=0.003; α=0.05, and for graphic design students from first and final years, the value of chi-square equals 14.5 which was significant at the 5% level p=0.02.

Nowadays, the interest in the synchronous reluctance machines is growing up due to their several merits in comparison to other machine types. These machines offer high torque density with respect to the induction machines. Their torque density is slightly lower than permanent magnet synchronous machines even though the lower performance is compensated by a much cheaper rotor. Since synchronous reluctance machines do not induce voltage when the stator is not supplied, there are not short circuit currents and braking torques due to the electrical faults, e.g. they have high fault tolerant capability. In addition, synchronous reluctance machine has a robust structure, and a wide constant power speed range. For these aforementioned reasons, these machines are employed in several applications. However, there is a prominent defect of this kind of machines which is the low power factor. This defect is addressed by assisting the motor by permanent magnets within the flux barriers of the rotor leading to the permanent magnet assisted synchronous reluctance motor. In addition, these kinds of machines has high torque ripple. This is due to the high harmonic content in the magneto motive force which interacts with the rotor anisotropy. Several approaches are proposed to reduce the torque ripple, such as: (a) using skewed rotor, (b) adopting two different flux-barrier geometries in the same lamination, i.e., asymmetric rotor, (c) using equally spaced the flux-barrier ends along the rotor periphery, and (d) optimization approaches were applied to smooth the torque. The synchronous reluctance machine is becoming of great interest in the last years, due to two key reasons: (i) the increase of rare earth permanent magnet cost and (ii) the increasing request of high-efficiency machines. Therefore, the reluctance motor and the ferrite permanent assisted reluctance motor are becoming competitors of both surface-mounted permanent magnet machines and induction machines in many applications. Such motors are also becoming particularly interesting when the control is based on the sensor-less rotor position detection. Even if there is a great interest in this kind of machines, there is a few work about the analytical design of their rotor, e.g. about how to select the end barrier angles, designing the iron ribs, and designing the permanent magnet robust towards the demagnetization. In the majority of the cases the reluctance machine is analyzed by using finite element analysis. The results are precise and useful for achieving a specific geometry to be prototyped, but they refer to that particular solution and they lose generality. In other words, it is difficult to find general rules to design reluctance machines, since the analysis approach is focused on a single objective. During the manufacturing process, there are some manufacturing imprecision, such as mass unbalance, bearing tolerance, shaft bow, and etc., cause eccentricity fault. Eccentricity may cause magnetic and dynamic problems with additional vibrations, noises, and torque pulsations. Although the eccentricity faults in induction and permanent magnet motors are extensively investigated, there are a few publications on synchronous reluctance machines with eccentricity. It is important to study the effect of rotor eccentricity on these machines because of their high anisotropy and critical iron parts in the rotor (iron ribs). For the aim of designing the iron ribs thicknesses, the unbalanced magnetic force acting on theses ribs should be accurately estimated. Main contribution of the thesis This thesis aims to give an useful analytical approach for reaching a preliminary geometry of both synchronous reluctance and permanent magnet assisted synchronous reluctance motors, as starting point for a successive optimization. For more accurate design of the rotor iron ribs, the electro-magnetic force acting on the rotor, in different rotor eccentricity cases, are analytically computed. In addition, a comparative studies (analytically and FE) between the synchronous reluctance, permanent magnet assisted, and surface mounted permanent magnet machines, in different eccentricity cases, is carried out. Therefore, this thesis is divided into four main parts. At the first part, an analytical model based on the magnetic equivalent lumped network of the reluctance motor is discussed. This model studies the magnetic performance of the concentric synchronous reluctance motor. Then, this analytical model is adopted in order to study the impact of different eccentricity scenarios (static and dynamic eccentricity) on the reluctance motor. Different stator windings configurations (distributed and concentrated windings) and different rotor geometries (symmetric and asymmetric rotor) are considered. After that, the eccentric synchronous reluctance machine is compared with the eccentric permanent magnet assisted synchronous reluctance machine. The impact of the barrier dimensions, the rotor geometry, and the permanent magnet type is highlighted in this comparison. Furthermore, an analytical comparison between the reluctance motor and the surface mounted permanent magnet motor is carried out in different cases of eccentricity. The axial non uniform displacement of the rotor axis from the stator axis, at one end and both ends of the axis, are involved in this analytical comparison. The second part aims to achieve more realistic estimation of the electromagnetic forces acting on the rotor by considering the effect of stator slots and the magnetic voltage drop due to the actual B-H curve of the motor iron. The analytical model is developed for both eccentric and concentric synchronous reluctance motor. Then, an experimental validation of the analytical and FE analysis is carried out. At the third part, an analytical approach for designing the permanent magnet of the permanent magnet assisted reluctance motor is proposed. The width and the thickness are selected so as to achieve the desired no-load air-gap flux density and resist the demagnetization under the desired loading conditions, respectively. Both complete and simplified analytical analyses are discussed. In addition, the analytical approach is presented in both cases of neglecting and considering the rotor iron ribs. Then, from the previously mentioned three parts of this thesis, a rapid multi-objectives analytical approach is proposed to achieve the initial design of the synchronous reluctance and permanent magnet assisted synchronous reluctance motors. Finally, at the fourth part, a graphical user interface application for concentric and eccentric synchronous reluctance motor is developed. This application estimates stator and rotor scalar magnetic potential, air-gap flux density, electromagnetic torque, magnetic force acting on the rotor. The input parameters of this application are - the geometrical data of the stator and rotor, - the electric loading (kA/m), the electric load angle in (electric degree), - the rotor geometry type, e.g., symmetric or asymmetric rotor geometry, - number of flux-barriers per rotor pole, - eccentricity type or no eccentricity, e.g., healthy case, - the eccentricity value. Then, the user can run the application to estimate the magnetic performance of both concentric and eccentric synchronous reluctance motor.

This article investigates human’s emotional responses on coloursin Eastern Arabian Gulf culturebased on a questionnaire. Totally 10 colour options were evaluated (i.e. violet, orange, green, red, blue, yellow, black, gray, white and no color) by 80 subjects based on 12 basic descriptive variables including clean, fresh, liked, new, heavy, hard, warm, modern, active, tense, relaxing, concentration.White colour was associated with emotion: clean, new, relaxing and concentration. Yellow is associated with freshness; however, red is the most liked color. Black was linked with heavy, hard and tense emotions. Tense mood is associated with red. Insignificant differences between colourswith regard to warm mood were found. The link between colour preferences found for two topics living room and clothing and emotions elicited were discussed.Keywords: colour, preference, emotion, mood, marketing, personality, design.

The energy dependence of various particle ratios is calculated within the Ultra-Relativistic Quantum Molecular Dynamics approach and compared with the hadron resonance gas (HRG) model and measurements from various experiments, including RHIC-BES, SPS and AGS. It is found that the UrQMD particle ratios agree well with the experimental results at the RHIC-BES energies. Thus, we have utilized UrQMD in simulating particle ratios at other beam energies down to 3 GeV, which will be accessed at NICA and FAIR future facilities. We observe that the particle ratios for crossover and first-order phase transition, implemented in the hybrid UrQMD v3.4, are nearly indistinguishable, especially at low energies (at large baryon chemical potentials or high density)., Comment: 13 pages, 5 figures, 2 tables, one reference is added and one paragraph is rephrased. To appear in EPJA

The dynamical net-charge fluctuations (${\nu}_{dyn}$) in different particle ratios $K/{\pi}$, $K/p$, and $p/{\pi}$ are calculated from the hadron resonance gas (HRG) model and compared with STAR central Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=7.7-200~$GeV and NA49 central Pb+Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=6.3-17.3~$GeV. The three charged-particle ratios ($K/{\pi}$, $K/p$, and $p/{\pi}$) are determined as total and average of opposite and average of same charges. We find an excellent agreement between the HRG calculations and the experimental measurements, especially from STAR beam energy scan (BES) program, while the strange particles in the NA49 experiment at lower Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS) energies are not reproduced by the HRG approach. We conclude that the utilized HRG version seems to take into consideration various types of correlations including strong interactions through the heavy resonances and their decays especially at BES energies., Comment: 8 pages, 1 figure, accepted for publication in Advances in High Energy Physics

The people around the world live a safe life due to the sacrifices of the brave soldiers, in order repay the favor, so we must shield them from risks due to they face in the warfare by equipping them with advanced technology. Equipping people especially soldiers to guarantee the security of the state and its stability. Terrorism in a lot area around the world (Sinai Peninsula that is considered one of the dangerous area) is represented threat on people life. This work designed smart monitoring system for soldiers who protecting the homeland so, it is necessary to help them by using smart monitoring system to avoid any terrorist attack or know their places when the abduction of any one of these soldiers. Supply soldier with modern technological devices makes it easy for us to know the health status and their location and this makes the control rooms in the military full-time to monitor the enemy rather than preoccupation with monitoring soldiers. Wireless communications devices play an important role in monitoring the soldiers through the use of the devices Global Positioning System (GPS) system, and also SOS messages that help the soldier to adapt with different situation. All the data collected from the sensors and send to the web server to make analysis also statistics depending on these information Base Stations can make the right decision and send it to the soldier to follow thanks to this smart control system.

The transportation electrification process is rapidly demanding for drivers with enhanced performance. Modern systems are moving from fossil fuel technologies toward hybrid and fully electric solutions. Consequently, in automotive and motorcycle sectors the complete electrification process requires significant power and energy capabilities, and high efficiency. Also, to minimize the mechanical power loss and save the battery energy, the weight and volume of the vehicle have to be minimized. These features are significantly stressed in race applications, where the power density of the drive and its efficiency has to push the limits of state of the art. In this work, a multiphase machine with dual rotor architecture is employed, aiming at maximizing the performance of a full electric motorcycle (E-Bike). In particular, it is already known that in multi-phase machines it is possible to inject high frequency current component to increase the power density of the drive. Therefore, the analytical model for the injection of a third harmonic in the currents waveforms is presented for a case study of E-Bike featuring a dual rotor with Halback permanent magnet array. The third current harmonic is injected keeping the same peak current, when compared with the control technique without injection. The three-phase and multiphase winding layout of the machine are compared with and without current injection control by means of analytical equations. Finally, finite element results are shown in order to validate the model, the advantage of the multiphase winding and the current injection technique.