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In this research, I will try to develop a study of the Philippines through a brief review of the bibliography and statistical data analysis. I aim to gather empirical evidence of the causes of extended poverty and unemployment in the country and the high levels of overseas Filipino workers. These social problems and the surge of authoritarianism in the figure of Rodrigo Duterte cannot be adequately explained without referring to the historical legacy of colonialism in the Philippines, the subordinated position of this country in the global division of labour and the structural changes fueled by hegemonic globalization since the last decades of 20th century. Based on scientific research and official data, this article will critically analyze the historical, social, and economic causes that lead to poverty and hardships affecting many Filipino citizens.

Es imprescindible que la Contabilidad Ambiental se genere con base en normas contables formales, emitidas por organismos especializados para ello, que sean completas y comprensibles. Esto se encamina también a que los profesionales de la Contaduría en las empresas sean más incisivos en la presentación de la información cuantitativa, pero también cualitativa, que abarque aspectos relacionados con el medio ambiente. Este artículo tuvo como objetivo mostrar la normatividad que da sustento a la Contabilidad Ambiental tanto a nivel internacional como en México. Se realizó una investigación de tipo documental, cuyos resultados se orientan a afirmar que sí existe una teoría contable de forma explícita e implícita, relacionada con la valuación, presentación y revelación de las operaciones efectuadas por las entidades económicas relacionadas con el deterioro y el resarcimiento del daño medioambiental. Como conclusión general, se infiere que existe un problema latente relacionado con el deterioro del medio ambiente; por tal motivo, es indispensable que, por una parte, los empresarios contribuyan a la solución del mismo mediante acertadas decisiones y, por otra, los contadores públicos establezcan criterios y técnicas contables que den cuenta de esta situación en los estados financieros, que muestren la realidad que viven las organizaciones y las medidas correctivas, en su caso, que se están implementando. Además, no existe una obligatoriedad manifiesta-directa para que los contadores en las organizaciones se apeguen de manera estricta a la normatividad, aunado a que se requieren procedimientos claros y suficientes a seguir para una aplicación pertinente.

In the early 1980s, the first global environmental crisis occurred with an emphasis on the role of plastics in big cities’ massive solid waste streams [...]

El desarrollo de la ocupación en nuestro país en los últimos años, ha sido promovido por una orientación importante en el constante avance tecnológico. El crecimiento en las instituciones de enseñanza superior debe considerar las innovaciones del mercado laboral. Los universitarios graduados ​​se enfrentan a un fenómeno que ya comenzó y se intensificará en el futuro, excesivos requisitos de habilidades y competencias para crear organizaciones productivas con la finalidad de emprender y propagar vacantes. El objetivo del presente estudio fué determinar las características que buscan los empresarios en el perfil de alumnos universitarios del posgrado de la Maestría en Administración, de la Unidad Académica de Contaduría y Administración (UACyA) de la Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas (UAZ). Las unidades de análisis estuvieron conformadas por empresarios de alumnos egresados de la maestría, de un total de 65, se recuperaron 30, a quienes se les envió un formulario en Google. Entre los resultados obtenidos, luego de realizar los estudios estadísticos descriptivos, sobresalen las características como la capacidad de poder trabajar en equipo, otra característica que resalta además de la ya mencionada, es el uso de tecnologías para acceder a información, si se desea un programa de maestría pertinente se deben forman posgraduados competentes, capacitados, en el que las instituciones de educación y las organizaciones internacionales, fungan como agentes externos para implementar políticas relacionadas a brindar un servicio de calidad.

To determine the value of low-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) PCR to screen for “high-grade anal squamous intraepithelial lesion and anal cancer” (HSIL-plus), rate of patients with low-grade anal squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL) progressing to HSIL-plus, and progression-related factors. Prospective, longitudinal study of consecutive MSM-LHIV attended between May 2010 and December 2021 and followed for 43 months (IQR: 12–76). HIV-related variables were gathered at baseline, performing anal cytology for HPV detection/genotyping, thin-layer cytological study, and high-resolution anoscopy (HRA). Follow-up was annual when HRA was normal or LSIL, and post-treatment in cases of HSIL-plus, re-evaluating sexual behavior, viral-immunological status, and HPV infection of anal mucosa. The 493 participants had mean age of 36 years: CD4 nadir < 200 cells/uL in 23.1%, virological failure in 4.1%, and tetravalent HPV vaccine > 5 years earlier in 15%. HSIL-plus was ruled out in patients with monoinfection by low-risk HPV genotype and normal cytology (100% sensitivity, 91.9% specificity, PPV 2.9%, and NPV 100%). Progression from LISL to HSIL-plus occurred in 4.27% of patients within 12 months (IQR: 12–12): risk factors were acquisition of high-risk (HR: 4.15; 95% CI: 1.14–15.03) and low-risk (HR: 3.68 95% CI: 1.04–12.94) HPV genotypes, specifically genotype 6 (HR: 4.47, 95% CI: 1.34–14.91), and history of AIDS (HR: 5.81 95% CI: 1.78–18.92). Monoinfection by LR-HPV genotypes in patients with normal cytology is not associated with anal cancer or precursor lesions. Progression from LSIL to HSIL-plus, observed in

On 21st century, capitalist development process is going through important economic, political, social and cultural transformation. On this paper I try to contribute with a brief synthesis of some relevant factors related with these political transformations, analyzing the new political battlefield between a nationalism faced against globalization and 21st century progressivism, reflecting on the role of traditional left and socialist movements on the public space of politics opened by the new conditions of contemporary globalization and the harmful consequences of the neoliberal policy spread throughout the world since the last years of 20st century. En el siglo XXI, el proceso de desarrollo capitalista está atravesando por importantes transformaciones económicas, políticas, sociales y culturales. En el presente artículo se realiza una breve síntesis de algunos factores relevantes relacionados con estas transformaciones políticas, analizando el nuevo campo de batalla político entre el nacionalismo enfrentado a la globalización y la corriente política progresista surgida en el siglo XXI, reflexionando sobre el papel que juegan los tradicionales movimientos socialistas y de izquierda en el espacio público de la política abierto por las nuevas condiciones de la globalización contemporánea y las severas consecuencias de la política neoliberal extendida por todo el mundo desde finales del siglo XX.

Objetivo. Identificar y describir los principales temas de investigación, desarrollo e innovación, agentes y artículos más relevantes en los ámbitos de la economía plateada y emprendimiento. Diseño/Metodología/Alcance. Se aplicó una combinación de técnicas, herramientas y metodologías bibliométricas para el análisis de rendimiento, impacto y mapeo científico de las publicaciones y autores, utilizando el software VOSviewer. En primera instancia el análisis de rendimiento e impacto permitió entender la parte cualitativa del área de conocimiento. En ese sentido se identificaron los principales autores, organizaciones, países, fuentes de información y áreas de conocimiento. Este análisis cualitativo, se ha cubierto a través de tres mapas de la ciencia, siendo el primero de este el que describió las principales temáticas, seguido por la evolución y cerrando con la relación existente entre los autores de dichas publicaciones. Finalmente, se analizaron en conjunto los resultados y se estableció un marco de referencia. Resultados/Discusión. La conjunción entre la economía plateada y el emprendimiento está dando lugar a un área de conocimiento nueva, en la cual, se busca fomentar el desarrollo de la sociedad en su conjunto, atendiendo, por un lado, a la economía vinculada a la población adulta y por otro lado al emprendimiento de dicha franja de edad, así como a todos aquellos agentes que promueven el emprendimiento de manera integral. Aunque esta nueva área de conocimiento se encuentra en una etapa temprana, ya es posible identificar cuatro grupos de desarrollo principales: Emprendimiento plateado; Estrategias de emprendimiento; Nuevos modelos de negocio; y Envejecimiento de la población, mismos que refuerzan lo anteriormente expuesto y marcan una visión vertical, pero complementaria, a otras áreas de conocimiento. Conclusiones. La creciente población de adultos mayores en el mundo y la tendencia en esa misma dirección de los cambios económicos, sociales, los sistemas de pensiones y otros no menos importantes como la salud, así como la imperante necesidad de diseñar políticas públicas que permitan el adecuado desarrollo de las personas mayores, han generado interés en investigadores que proponen y estudian aspectos que permitan conocer el fenómeno en el cual estamos inmersos. En esta línea, el emprendimiento desde la perspectiva de la población adulta o emprendimiento plateado se presenta como una oportunidad para dar respuesta a dichos retos, desde ópticas como la investigación, el desarrollo e innovación. Originalidad/Valor. Se establece un marco de referencia entre la economía plateada y el emprendimiento con el fin de identificar las principales líneas de investigación, desarrollo e innovación, así como las oportunidades y retos a los que se enfrentan las comunidades académica, científica, tecnológica, social, empresarial y política.

Este trabajo analiza los cambios operados en España e Italia en las primeras décadas del siglo XXI. Mediante un estudio transdisciplinar en ciencias sociales y el análisis de información recopilada en informes y bases de datos oficiales, se pretende reunir evidencia empírica de las transformaciones políticas operadas en los mercados de trabajo de ambos países a consecuencia de la difusión de la ideología neoliberal y la aplicación de políticas de ajuste estructural. El trabajo abarca tanto la implementación de políticas neoliberales desde finales de la década de 1980 como sus consecuencias sociales, intensificadas a partir de la segunda mitad de la década de 2010. Una de las principales conclusiones obtenidas en este estudio radica en que estas políticas monetaristas, aplicadas por los gobiernos nacionales bajo la batuta de instituciones como el Fondo Monetario Internacional, han conducido a un país como España a una grave situación donde la falta de empleos adecuados y las limitaciones políticas estructurales de acceso al empleo restringen gravemente las expectativas vitales para la mayoría de la población trabajadora, obligando a amplios sectores sociales a migrar a otros países. El artículo aborda las contradicciones entre las políticas neoliberales y las estructuras precapitalistas existentes en Italia y España, con el fin de plantear interrogantes que contribuyan a buscar alternativas políticas en favor de una mayor democratización social y económica.//This paper analyzes the changes operated in Italy and Spain on the first decades of the 21st century. Through a transdisciplinary study on social sciences and the analysis of statistical information compiled in reports and official databases, this article has the aim of gather empirical evidence of the political transformations occurred in both countries as a result of the spread of neoliberal ideology and the implementing of structural adjustment programs. This research comprehends the implementing of neoliberal policies from the decade of the 1980s as well as its social consequences, intensified since the second half of 2010s decade. One of the main conclusions found in this study lies in that the different policies conducted by national governments, under the aegis of Structural Adjustment Programs decreed by institutions such as the International Monetary Fund, drove an economy like Spain to a severe situation where the lack of adequate employment and the structural political constraints prevent a great part of workers from accessing to employment in fair conditions and critically restrict their life expectations, forcing ample sectors of the population to migrate abroad. The article tackles the contradictions between neoliberal policies and precapitalist structures existing in Italy and Spain, with the aim to outline questions that contribute to finding political alternatives in favor of greater social and economic democratization.

Objective. The knowledge structure was analyzed, during the period 1991-2021, on the factors that influenced organizational resilience to distinguish possible synergies, interactions, and new research lines. Design/Methodology/Approach. Using a performance analysis and scientific mapping approach, a bibliometric methodology was used to discover and represent conceptual subdomains and thematic development. This methodology consisted of four phases: (1) detection of research topics, (2) visualization of research topics and the thematic network, (3) discovery of thematic areas, and (4) performance analysis. Results/Discussion. Of the 869 publications on organizational resilience indexed in Scopus, the ones that had the most significant impact on the development of the topic were: Resilience; the concept, a literature review and future directions (2011), Developing a capacity for organizational resilience through strategic human resource management (2011), Developing a tool to measure and compare organizations' resilience (2013), Organizational resilience: Development of a conceptual framework for organizational responses (2011), and Facilitated process for improving organizational resilience (2008). The most important authors were Bhamra, R.; Burnard, K.; Seville, E.; Vargo, J. and Beck, T.E. The driving issues that over time have been closely related to the resilience of organizations were: risk management, standardization and regulation, psychological resilience, ICT resilience, protection and security, health personnel, and reliable organization. Conclusions. In recent years, when the subject has been more developed, it became clear that it is essential to observe risk management, health personnel, reliable organization, and decision-making to manage organizational resilience. Regarding possible future lines of research, the following was found: resilience of security networks, cybersecurity, cyber resilience, disaster management, organizational innovation, sustainable development, and sustainability management.

Very little scientific research has been done on the Low Imperial period in the Gallaecia province. Our aim is widening our knowledge about this historical time. We will focos on: A revision of classical literary sources. A study of the Economy: monetary treasuries, roadways, ceramic... A study of Society: roman and native onomastics.

During the roman period the cult of luppiter, the most important divinity of the roman pantheon, was very significative in the Conventus Bracaraugustanus, in the Northwest of Spain.In this article, we are going to analyse the repercusion of its cult by people who lived in this part of Hispania.

In this article, it's analized the phenomenon of slavery in the North-west of Hispania during the roman period according to the inscriptions of this moment.

In this article, it's analized a votive roman inscription from Villasumil (León, Spain), that perhaps it's consecrated to the indigeous god Cossus.

The figure of the spiritual guiding is very important in the roman world. In this we article going to analize its presence in the epigraphic monuments of the Hispanic-roman Northwest.

In this article we are going to analyse, through existing votive monuments and scultural remains, religion and religiosity of the population who was establiseh in the Conventus Lucensis.

In this article, we are going to analize the socioeconomic differences that exist inside each conventual capital of the Hispanic-roman Northwest (Asturica Augusta, Bracara Augusta y Lucus Augusti) taking as specimen the funerary monuments remaining from the Roman period as they reflect both the religious belief and the social position of the deceased and of the person who dedicates the epitaph.

The image of the Galizian warrior not only constitutes the most important expression of the hispanic art of the forts in the north-west, but it is also used as an epigraphic support during the Roman period. The present paper will deal with this subject, basing our opinions on the five monuments with Latin text in the peninsular north-west.

During the Roman period women were a very important element for the process of romanization.In this article I would like to offer a global vision of women, both, the roman and the indigenous ones, in the Conventus Asturum, and therefore it has been revised the epigraphy where appears women's names such as funerary, votiv, honorific and monumental inscriptions, from this part of Roman Empire.

La educación es un requerimiento clave para el siglo XXI. Dadas las exigencias del mundo contemporáneo, la concepción de valores se encuentra dirigida al desarrollo de la personalidad del estudiante universitario, proceso complejo y contradictorio en el que intervienen diversos factores. Así pues, el objetivo de la presente investigación consistió en identificar valores en la educación universitaria que reconocieran la equidad de género en parejas de doble ingreso que laboraron en un departamento gubernamental del estado de Zacatecas en el año 2019. La investigación se desarrolló en un entorno cuantitativo de tipo transaccional. El nivel de investigación es relacional: se encontraron relaciones y discrepancias entre las variables de formación de valores y equidad de género. En los resultados alcanzados, se encontró, mediante la prueba de ji al cuadrado, relación entre el género y las actividades del hogar. Sin embargo, un índice sumativo simple de 91.07 % y 1.79 % consideró lo contrario. Por tanto, se concluyó que, en las parejas de doble ingreso que laboraron en este departamento gubernamental, existieron valores como la libertad, la igualdad, el respeto, la comunicación y la negociación, la equidad de género, los cuales subyacen a los derechos humanos fundamentales como forma de resolución de conflictos.

Time series of European sardine (Sardina pilchardus) landings from 1962 and environmental variables from 1978 in the northern Alboran Sea are analysed. European sardine spawns in the northern Alboran Sea from mid-autumn to late winter at a temperature range slightly higher than the one observed in the nearby Eastern North Atlantic and the North Western Mediterranean. Individuals hatched during autumn and winter are incorporated to the fishery during the following summer and autumn producing the maximum annual landings. These landings show both a decreasing long-term trend and a strong inter-annual variability. Although further research is needed, the warming trend of sea surface temperature and the decrease in upwelling intensity inferred from empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analyses could have some influence on the negative trends of sardine landings. The inter-annual variability of sardine abundance seems to be related to the wind intensity at a local scale, the second principal component of the chlorophyll concentration and the sardine abundance during the preceding year. If the inter-annual variability is considered, a linear model including these three variables with a one-year time lag allows to explain 79% of the sardine landings variance. If the negative linear trend is also considered, the model explains 86% of the variance. These results indicate that the body condition of spawners, linked to the food availability during the preceding year, is the main factor controlling the recruitment success. The possibility of predicting sardine landings 1 year in advance could have important implications for fishery management., Sí

In the present work, a statistical study of the morphology and thermal behavior of poly(lactic acid) (PLA)/oligomer(lactic acid) (OLA)/magnesium oxide nanoparticles (MgO), electrospun fibers (efibers) has been carried out. The addition of both, OLA and MgO, is expected to modify the final properties of the electrospun PLA-based nanocomposites for their potential use in biomedical applications. Looking for the compositional optimization of these materials, a Box–Wilson design of experiment was used, taking as dependent variables the average fiber diameter as the representative of the fiber morphologies, as well as the glass transition temperature (Tg) and the degree of crystallinity (Xc) as their thermal response. The results show values of 73.76% (diameter), 88.59% (Tg) and 75.61% (Xc) for each polynomial fit, indicating a good correlation between both OLA and MgO, along with the morphological as well as the thermal behavior of the PLA-based efibers in the experimental space scanned., Part of this work was financed with the support of the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation through MAT2017-88123-P

This work has a two-fold objective. First, it attempts to present the excellent efficiency of a maleated interfacial agent (obtained by the authors by using atactic polypropylene industrial waste) when used as interfacial additive in polypropylene/short carbon fiber composites (iPP/SCF). Second, in this paper, we pay attention to the role played by processing in the final properties of the composite. This work has been performed by considering the emerging crystalline morphologies generated by the different shear forces that the molten material suffers depending on the molding method employed. The interfacial agent analyzed here consists of an atactic polypropylene containing succinic anhydride grafts obtained through a chemical modification process performed in solution. It incorporates different types of succinic grafts, such as succinic bridges between aPP chains and backbone and terminal grafts (aPP-SASA) in its structure, and contains 5.6% (5.6 × 10−4 g/mol) of grafted polar groups in total. The adhesion of the polyamide SCF sizing and the succinic units is followed by Field Emission Scanning Electronic Microscopy (FESEM) and Synchrotron Infrared Microscopy (SIRM). However, the main objective of this work is the study of the thermal and the dynamic mechanical behavior of the materials of a series of both compression- and injection-molded samples to ascertain the enhanced interfacial interactions in the material and further comparison between the results obtained by both processing operations. Therefore, we detect improvements of 200% in stiffness and 400% in the viscous response of the same SCF content composites caused by aPP-SASA, depending on the processing method used.

Background/aim: In the Santander Bay (Cantabria, northern Spain), a ferromanganese alloy plant is located. Our objective was to characterize the Mn personal exposure of adult healthy volunteers living in this highly Mn exposed region, and to determine its association with a poorer cognitive function. Methods: Cross-sectional study analyzing 130 consecutive participants. Cognitive function was assessed by Stroop Color Word, Verbal Fluency tests, Trail Making Test (TMT), Digit Span (WAIS III) and Rey Osterrieth Complex Figure (ROCF) tests and crude scores were standardized according to NEURONORMA norms. Exposure to Mn was assessed in terms of source distance, by Personal Environmental Monitors (PEMs) allowing the separation of fine (PM2.5) and coarse (PM10-2.5) particles (obtaining the bioaccessible fraction by in-vitro bioaccessibility tests), and by biomarkers (blood, hair and fingernails). Age, sex, study level and number of years of residence were predefined as confounding variables and adjusted Mean Differences (MDs) were obtained. Results: Statistically significant lower scores (negative MDs) in all test were observed when living near the industrial emission source, after adjusting for the predefined variables. Regarding PEMs results, statistically significant lower scores in all Stroop parts were obtained in participants with higher levels of Total Mn in All fractions (PM10). For Verbal Fluency tests, negative MDs were obtained for both bioaccessible fractions. Digit Span Backward scores were lower for those with higher levels in the bioaccessible coarse fraction, and negative MDs were also observed for the ROCF Delayed part and the non-bioaccessible fine fraction. As regards to Mn in fingernails, adjusted MDs of -1.60; 95%CI (-2.57 to -0.64) and -1.45; 95%CI (-2.29 to -0.61) for Digit Span Forward and Backward parts were observed. Conclusions: Our results support an association between poorer cognitive function and environmental airborne Mn exposure. This work was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities through the CTM2017-82636-R Project. This funding source was not involved in the study design; data collection, analysis, or interpretation; the writing of the article; or the decision to submit for publication.

© 2022 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Purpose: Although some caregivers are using epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) off label in hopes of improving cognition in young adults with Down syndrome (DS), nothing is known about its safety, tolerability, and efficacy in the DS pediatric population. We aimed to evaluate safety and tolerability of a dietary supplement containing EGCG and if EGCG improves cognitive and functional performance. Methods: A total of 73 children with DS (aged 6-12 years) were randomized. Participants received 0.5% EGCG (10 mg/kg daily dose) or placebo for 6 months with 3 months follow up after treatment discontinuation. Results: In total, 72 children were treated and 66 completed the study. A total of 38 participants were included in theEGCGgroup and 35 in the placebo group. Of 72 treated participants, 62 (86%) had 229 treatment-emergent adverse events (AEs). Of 37 participants in the EGCG group, 13 (35%) had 18 drug-related treatment-emergent AEs and 12 of 35 (34%) from the placebo group had 22 events. In the EGCG group, neither severe AEs nor increase in the incidence of AEs related to safety biomarkers were observed. Cognition and functionality were not improved compared with placebo. Secondary efficacy outcomes in girls point to a need for future work. Conclusion: The use of EGCG is safe and well-tolerated in children with DS, but efficacy results do not support its use in this population. Peer Reviewed Article signat per 26 autors/es: Cécile Cieuta-Walti, Aida Cuenca-Royo, Klaus Langohr, Claire Rakic, Ma Ángeles López-Vílchez, Julián Lirio, Domingo González-Lamuño Leguina, Teresa Bermejo González, Jordi García García, Maria Rimblas Roure, Ana Aldea-Perona, Laura Forcano, Maria Gomis-Gonzalez, Sebastià Videla Cés, Florence Lacaille, Aimé Ravel, Clotilde Mircher, Hervé Walti, Nathalie Janel, Julien Dairou, Marilyne Lévy, Sophie Durand, Mara Dierssen, Silvia Sacco, Rafael de la Torre Fornell, PERSEUS Study Group

The failure analysis of the rod-end bearing from an actuating cylinder used to open and close the left main landing gear inboard door by hydraulic pressure of an aircraft has been studied. The rod was manufactured with a quenched and tempered AISI 4130 steel and coated with cadmium. A chemical analysis of the rod-end bearing material was performed using a XRF equipment. To characterize the steel microstructure, metallographic samples were prepared to be inspected in an optical microscope. The grain size was obtained using a software according to the standard ASTM E112. The fractographic study was carried out or accomplished using a stereo microscope and a FE-SEM equipped with a microanalysis system by EDX. The macroscopic appearance of fracture surfaces indicated that cracking had initiated by multiple origins in the lubrication passage. The microfractographic analysis showed tear and transgranular cleavage/quasi-cleavage fracture mechanisms. Scanning electron microscopy indicated that cadmium metal was present in the steel material and on the fracture surfaces near the origin area. It was concluded that the failure of the rod resulted in a solid metal-induced embrittlement (SMIE) followed by tearing and transgranular cleavage/quasi-cleavage and a final catastrophic overload.

This work deals with a dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) study on the effect of a novel interfacial agent containing maleated grafts on an industrial waste origin atactic polypropylene. This contains 3% of bridge-, backbone-, and terminal-grafted succinic anhydride groups (aPP-SA/SA). By considering a polymer blend as a special case of composite where the dispersed phase is mobile, it is assumed that both the amounts of polyamide 6 (PA6) and the interfacial agent (aPP-SA/SA) cause changes in the glass transition temperature of the polypropylene phase in the blend. In this work, we have used DMA parameters to evidence the real interfacial modifications caused by the presence of aPP-SA/SA in the isotactic polypropylene (iPP)/PA6 system at the iPP glass transition temperature on the basis that this is an unfavorable scenario for the action of aPP-SA/SA. Since each component of the blend is interacting with each other, and to include the influence of the dispersed phase, it is possible to use a Box–Wilson experimental design model by resembling the so-called “agent based models” to obtain algorithms forecasting the dynamic mechanical parameters (storage, E’, and loss moduli, E”) at the glass transition of iPP, in all the composition range of whatever iPP/PA6/aPP-SA/SA-modified blend. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2019. © 2019 Society of Plastics Engineers., The results discussed at present work were partially obtained under the auspices of the MAT 2000-1499 and MAT2013-47902-C2-1-R Research Projects

El sobrepeso, obesidad, afecciones cardiovasculares, dislipidemias, hipertensión, diabetes y cáncer son un problema mundial de salud. Se sugiere para su prevención una alimentación sana y estilo de vida saludable. En este estudio se elaboró una tortilla de maíz a partir de 90 g de masa con 2.5g de harina de nopal y 2.5g de aguacate liofilizado, y se evaluó su efecto reductor de colesterol, triglicéridos y glucosa en ratas Wistar. Se formularon tres dietas: Referencia (DR), que incluyó todos los ingredientes que los roedores requieren para su mantenimiento, Control (DC), en donde se indujo hipertrigliceridemia e hipercolesterolemia, y una dieta con la tortilla (DT) donde también se les indujo hipertrigliceridemia e hipercolesterolemia. Los animales que fueron alimentados con DT disminuyeron sus valores de colesterol total (25.8%), triglicéridos (30.8%), y el colesterol-LDL (72.9%) con respecto a DC. También hubo disminución de glucosa en los animales alimentados con DT en comparación con los alimentados con DC (31.85%) y DR (32.84%). Los animales que fueron alimentados con DT en comparación con DC presentaron mayor concentración de lípidos en heces y mayor humedad, 56.2% y 311%, respectivamente, y un 10.4% menos concentración de lípidos en hígado. La adición de harinas de aguacate y nopal fueron efectivas en reducir las concentraciones de colesterol, triglicéridos y glucosa en ratas.

One flange of a spring belonging to an actuator drive that worked under torsion has been fractured. It is placed next to the electric motors whose mission is to move the drive manually through a hexagonal key. The whole equipment is an extensor-retraction actuator consisting in two electric motors that run a gear. This gear pulls a chain moving a telescopic beam. It was confirmed that there was no signs of anomalous working previous to the fracture. Some roughness requirements were mandatory in the first wire of the spring as well as both spring flanges, thus two springs (used and new) were compared. Several tests were performed in order to determine the cause of the fracture such as a chemical and mechanical characterization of the material, a fractographic analysis of the fracture surface, and the determination of the spring treatment state using metallographic and microscopic techniques. Additional observations were carried out in the other flange in order to detect possible defects. It was verified that the material corresponds to a 300 maraging steel type IV in a solubilization and ageing heat treatment state. The fracture surface presented fractographic characteristics of a typical progressive fracture. It was concluded that although the steel type and treatment state is correct, the roughness of specific zones is not well finished and, may have generated a crack that have nucleated in a notch of the first wire of the spring inner side surface. The crack may be produced by a pinned particle or any other surface defect that afterwards may propagate by a fatigue mechanism.