160 results on '"Maru, Y"'
Search Results
2. Eritoran inhibits S100A8-mediated TLR4/MD-2 activation and tumor growth by changing the immune microenvironment
- Author
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Deguchi, A, Tomita, T, Ohto, U, Takemura, K, Kitao, A, Akashi-Takamura, S, Miyake, K, and Maru, Y
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. ADAM12-cleaved ephrin-A1 contributes to lung metastasis
- Author
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Ieguchi, K, Tomita, T, Omori, T, Komatsu, A, Deguchi, A, Masuda, J, Duffy, S L, Coulthard, M G, Boyd, A, and Maru, Y
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Imbalance of Clara cell-mediated homeostatic inflammation is involved in lung metastasis
- Author
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Tomita, T, Sakurai, Y, Ishibashi, S, and Maru, Y
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
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5. Transforming knowledge systems for life on Earth : Visions of future systems and how to get there
- Author
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Fazey, I., Schäpke, N., Caniglia, G., Hodgson, A., Kendrick, I., Lyon, C., Page, G., Patterson, J., Riedy, C., Strasser, T., Verveen, S., Adams, D., Goldstein, B., Klaes, M., Leicester, G., Linyard, A., McCurdy, A., Ryan, P., Sharpe, B., Silvestri, G., Abdurrahim, A. Y., Abson, D., Adetunji, O. S., Aldunce, P., Alvarez-Pereira, C., Amparo, J. M., Amundsen, H., Anderson, L., Andersson, L., Asquith, M., Augenstein, K., Barrie, J., Bent, D., Bentz, J., Bergsten, A., Berzonsky, C., Bina, O., Blackstock, K., Boehnert, J., Bradbury, H., Brand, C., Böhme (born Sangmeister), J., Bøjer, M. M., Carmen, E., Charli-Joseph, L., Choudhury, S., Chunhachoti-ananta, S., Cockburn, J., Colvin, J., Connon, I. L. C., Cornforth, R., Cox, R. S., Cradock-Henry, N., Cramer, L., Cremaschi, A., Dannevig, H., Day, C. T., de Lima Hutchison, C., de Vrieze, A., Desai, V., Dolley, J., Duckett, D., Durrant, R. A., Egermann, M., Elsner (Adams), E., Fremantle, C., Fullwood-Thomas, J., Galafassi, D., Gobby, J., Golland, A., González-Padrón, S. K., Gram-Hanssen, I., Grandin, J., Grenni, S., Lauren Gunnell, J., Gusmao, F., Hamann, M., Harding, B., Harper, G., Hesselgren, M., Hestad, D., Heykoop, C. A., Holmén, J., Holstead, K., Hoolohan, C., Horcea-Milcu, A. -I, Horlings, L. G., Howden, S. M., Howell, R. A., Huque, S. I., Inturias Canedo, M. L., Iro, C. Y., Ives, C. D., John, B., Joshi, R., Juarez-Bourke, S., Juma, D. W., Karlsen, B. C., Kliem, L., Kläy, A., Kuenkel, P., Kunze, I., Lam, D. P. M., Lang, D. J., Larkin, A., Light, A., Luederitz, C., Luthe, T., Maguire, C., Mahecha-Groot, A. -M, Malcolm, J., Marshall, F., Maru, Y., McLachlan, C., Mmbando, P., Mohapatra, S., Moore, M. -L, Moriggi, A., Morley-Fletcher, M., Moser, S., Mueller, K. M., Mukute, M., Mühlemeier, S., Naess, L. O., Nieto-Romero, M., Novo, P., ÓBrien, K., O'Connell, D. A., O'Donnell, K., Olsson, Per, Pearson, K. R., Pereira, L., Petridis, P., Peukert, D., Phear, N., Pisters, S. R., Polsky, M., Pound, D., Preiser, R., Rahman, M. S., Reed, M. S., Revell, P., Rodriguez, I., Rogers, B. C., Rohr, J., Nordbø Rosenberg, M., Ross, H., Russell, S., Ryan, M., Saha, P., Schleicher, K., Schneider, F., Scoville-Simonds, M., Searle, B., Sebhatu, S. P., Sesana, E., Silverman, H., Singh, C., Sterling, E., Stewart, S. -J, Tàbara, J. D., Taylor, D., Thornton, P., Tribaldos, T. M., Tschakert, P., Uribe-Calvo, N., Waddell, S., Waddock, S., van der Merwe, L., van Mierlo, B., van Zwanenberg, P., Velarde, S. J., Washbourne, C. -L, Waylen, K., Weiser, A., Wight, I., Williams, S., Woods, M., Wolstenholme, R., Wright, N., Wunder, S., Wyllie, A., Young, H. R., Fazey, I., Schäpke, N., Caniglia, G., Hodgson, A., Kendrick, I., Lyon, C., Page, G., Patterson, J., Riedy, C., Strasser, T., Verveen, S., Adams, D., Goldstein, B., Klaes, M., Leicester, G., Linyard, A., McCurdy, A., Ryan, P., Sharpe, B., Silvestri, G., Abdurrahim, A. Y., Abson, D., Adetunji, O. S., Aldunce, P., Alvarez-Pereira, C., Amparo, J. M., Amundsen, H., Anderson, L., Andersson, L., Asquith, M., Augenstein, K., Barrie, J., Bent, D., Bentz, J., Bergsten, A., Berzonsky, C., Bina, O., Blackstock, K., Boehnert, J., Bradbury, H., Brand, C., Böhme (born Sangmeister), J., Bøjer, M. M., Carmen, E., Charli-Joseph, L., Choudhury, S., Chunhachoti-ananta, S., Cockburn, J., Colvin, J., Connon, I. L. C., Cornforth, R., Cox, R. S., Cradock-Henry, N., Cramer, L., Cremaschi, A., Dannevig, H., Day, C. T., de Lima Hutchison, C., de Vrieze, A., Desai, V., Dolley, J., Duckett, D., Durrant, R. A., Egermann, M., Elsner (Adams), E., Fremantle, C., Fullwood-Thomas, J., Galafassi, D., Gobby, J., Golland, A., González-Padrón, S. K., Gram-Hanssen, I., Grandin, J., Grenni, S., Lauren Gunnell, J., Gusmao, F., Hamann, M., Harding, B., Harper, G., Hesselgren, M., Hestad, D., Heykoop, C. A., Holmén, J., Holstead, K., Hoolohan, C., Horcea-Milcu, A. -I, Horlings, L. G., Howden, S. M., Howell, R. A., Huque, S. I., Inturias Canedo, M. L., Iro, C. Y., Ives, C. D., John, B., Joshi, R., Juarez-Bourke, S., Juma, D. W., Karlsen, B. C., Kliem, L., Kläy, A., Kuenkel, P., Kunze, I., Lam, D. P. M., Lang, D. J., Larkin, A., Light, A., Luederitz, C., Luthe, T., Maguire, C., Mahecha-Groot, A. -M, Malcolm, J., Marshall, F., Maru, Y., McLachlan, C., Mmbando, P., Mohapatra, S., Moore, M. -L, Moriggi, A., Morley-Fletcher, M., Moser, S., Mueller, K. M., Mukute, M., Mühlemeier, S., Naess, L. O., Nieto-Romero, M., Novo, P., ÓBrien, K., O'Connell, D. A., O'Donnell, K., Olsson, Per, Pearson, K. R., Pereira, L., Petridis, P., Peukert, D., Phear, N., Pisters, S. R., Polsky, M., Pound, D., Preiser, R., Rahman, M. S., Reed, M. S., Revell, P., Rodriguez, I., Rogers, B. C., Rohr, J., Nordbø Rosenberg, M., Ross, H., Russell, S., Ryan, M., Saha, P., Schleicher, K., Schneider, F., Scoville-Simonds, M., Searle, B., Sebhatu, S. P., Sesana, E., Silverman, H., Singh, C., Sterling, E., Stewart, S. -J, Tàbara, J. D., Taylor, D., Thornton, P., Tribaldos, T. M., Tschakert, P., Uribe-Calvo, N., Waddell, S., Waddock, S., van der Merwe, L., van Mierlo, B., van Zwanenberg, P., Velarde, S. J., Washbourne, C. -L, Waylen, K., Weiser, A., Wight, I., Williams, S., Woods, M., Wolstenholme, R., Wright, N., Wunder, S., Wyllie, A., and Young, H. R.
- Abstract
Formalised knowledge systems, including universities and research institutes, are important for contemporary societies. They are, however, also arguably failing humanity when their impact is measured against the level of progress being made in stimulating the societal changes needed to address challenges like climate change. In this research we used a novel futures-oriented and participatory approach that asked what future envisioned knowledge systems might need to look like and how we might get there. Findings suggest that envisioned future systems will need to be much more collaborative, open, diverse, egalitarian, and able to work with values and systemic issues. They will also need to go beyond producing knowledge about our world to generating wisdom about how to act within it. To get to envisioned systems we will need to rapidly scale methodological innovations, connect innovators, and creatively accelerate learning about working with intractable challenges. We will also need to create new funding schemes, a global knowledge commons, and challenge deeply held assumptions. To genuinely be a creative force in supporting longevity of human and non-human life on our planet, the shift in knowledge systems will probably need to be at the scale of the enlightenment and speed of the scientific and technological revolution accompanying the second World War. This will require bold and strategic action from governments, scientists, civic society and sustained transformational intent.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Stylalgia and its surgical management by intra oral route -clinical experience of 332 cases
- Author
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Maru, Y. K. and Patidar, Kusum
- Published
- 2003
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7. Anatomic variations of the bone in sinonasal C.T.
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Maru, Y. K. and Gupta, V.
- Published
- 2001
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8. Australian rangelands as complex adaptive systems: A conceptual model and preliminary results
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Gross, J.E., McAllister, R.R.J., Abel, N., Smith, D.M. Stafford, and Maru, Y.
- Published
- 2006
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9. Concha bullosa: Frequency and appearances on sinonasal CT
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Maru, Y. K. and Gupta, Yamini
- Published
- 1999
- Full Text
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10. P1032Efficacy and safety of radiofrequency catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation in patients undergoing hemodaialysis
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Hachisuka, M, primary, Hayashi, H, additional, Mimuro, R, additional, Maru, Y, additional, Fujimoto, Y, additional, Oka, E, additional, Hagiwara, K, additional, Tsuboi, I, additional, Yamamoto, T, additional, Yodogawa, K, additional, Iwasaki, Y, additional, Ogano, M, additional, Hayashi, M, additional, and Shimizu, W, additional
- Published
- 2019
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11. P2848Electrical reconnections after pulmonary vein isolation with or without contact force-guided catheters: a comparison of the proficiency of atrial fibrillation ablation
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Fujimoto, Y, primary, Yodogawa, K, additional, Iwasaki, Y, additional, Hachisuka, M, additional, Mimuro, R, additional, Maru, Y, additional, Oka, E, additional, Hayashi, H, additional, Yamamoto, T, additional, and Shimizu, W, additional
- Published
- 2019
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12. Performance test and analysis of the developed emergency release system for liquefied hydrogen installed in loading systems
- Author
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Inomata, A, primary, Umemura, T, additional, Kawaguchi, J, additional, Kawai, T, additional, Naruo, Y, additional, Maru, Y, additional, Senda, T, additional, and Takeda, M, additional
- Published
- 2019
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13. Do theories of change enable innovation platforms?
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Vellema, Sietze, Maru, Y, Ekong, J, McNamara, P, Waters-Bayer, A, Watson, D, Brouwers, J, and Department of Business-Society Management
- Published
- 2017
14. P6381Fragmented QRS complex in Systemic Sclerosis Patients: Correlations with Clinical Complications
- Author
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Fujimoto, Y., primary, Yodogawa, K., additional, Maru, Y., additional, Oka, E., additional, Takahashi, K., additional, Hayashi, H., additional, Yamamoto, T., additional, Iwasaki, Y., additional, Hayashi, M., additional, and Shimizu, W., additional
- Published
- 2017
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15. Evaluation of Role of Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery in Patients of Sinonasal Diseases & Nasal Polyposis
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Bajoliya, Sunil, Maru, Y K, Goswami, Reema, Bajoliya, Sunil, Maru, Y K, and Goswami, Reema
- Abstract
Introduction: Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery has opened up a new horizon in the management of chronic sinonasal (allergic & non allergic) diseases & nasal polyposis. Functional Endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) is now a days a common and excellent method for the treatment of most of the diseases in the area of nose and paranasal sinuses, like chronic rhinosinusitis with and without nasal polyposis. Materials and Method: In this study we have selected 80 patients of chronic sinonasal (allergic & non allergic) diseases & nasal polyposis attending the department of otorhinolaryngology. All the patients were pre-operatively evaluated clinically, radiologically as well as endoscopically. Diagnostic nasal endoscopy revealed various pathological abnormalities in the middle meatus and anterior ethmoid region. Even after complete pre-operative evaluation, initially patients were managed medically according to their symptoms and were observed for 6 weeks. All 80 patients underwent for functional endoscopic sinus surgery, using the Messerklinger’s approach. Result: The overall result reveal that 85.49% patients considered themselves asymptomatic or improved following surgery. No major complication directly related to FESS occurred in this series. The important finding were, osteomeatal complex obstruction seen in 88.75%, polyp in nose in 46.25% of cases. Radiological evaluation done by coronal section (axial & sagital if needed) CT scanning revealed the maxillary sinus most common site of mucosal involvement 76.25%% followed by anterior ethmoid sinus in 53.75% cases. Frontal and sphenoid sinuses were involved in 26.25% and 15% cases respectively. Conclusion: FESS is highly effective in controlling symptoms of chronic sinonasal diseases with or without polyposis.
- Published
- 2015
16. Eritoran inhibits S100A8-mediated TLR4/MD-2 activation and tumor growth by changing the immune microenvironment
- Author
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Deguchi, A, primary, Tomita, T, additional, Ohto, U, additional, Takemura, K, additional, Kitao, A, additional, Akashi-Takamura, S, additional, Miyake, K, additional, and Maru, Y, additional
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
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17. Nasal Endoscopy Versus Other Diagnostic Tools in Sinonasal Diseases
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K Maru, Y., primary and Gupta, Y., additional
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- 2014
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18. Taking participatory in participatory modelling seriously
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Maru, Y T, Alexandridis, K, Perez, Pascal, Maru, Y T, Alexandridis, K, and Perez, Pascal
- Abstract
Over the last three decades participatory research processes have informed much international development and conservation work in developing countries. Public participation is also a growing legislative requirement in natural resource and environmental management in developed countries. So far, multiple participatory approaches have been formulated and applied in different contexts, including so-called participatory modelling methods. The latter have developed alongside a growing unease and fundamental critique of the participatory approaches and their theoretical underpinnings. One of the central themes running through the critique is the naivete with which complexities of power relations are assumed to be understood and addressed in participatory approaches. The critique also highlights the danger that participatory approaches become legitimising instruments that simply maintain and reinforce existing power relations. In this paper we engage with the critical literature in the hope of drawing lessons and requirements for participatory modelling. We also empirically evaluate participatory modelling case studies with regard to the fundamental critique. While we do not agree with some demands from the critique that imply abandoning the whole participatory enterprise, we suggest that claims to participatory modelling be taken seriously and that each claim be accompanied by critical reflection. Based on a review of the literature we suggest initial set of questions towards developing a framework for critical reflection.
- Published
- 2009
19. Social networks in arid Australia : a review of concepts and evidence
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McAllister, R., Cheers, Brian, Darbas, T., Davies, J., Richards, Carol, Robinson, C., Ashley, M., Fernando, D., Maru, Y., McAllister, R., Cheers, Brian, Darbas, T., Davies, J., Richards, Carol, Robinson, C., Ashley, M., Fernando, D., and Maru, Y.
- Abstract
Arid systems are markedly different from non-arid systems. This distinctiveness extends to arid-social networks, by which we mean social networks which are influenced by the suite of factors driving arid and semi-arid regions. Neither the process of how aridity interacts with social structure, nor what happens as a result of this interaction, is adequately understood. This paper postulates three relative characteristics which make arid-social networks distinct: that they are tightly bound, are hierarchical in structure and, hence, prone to power abuses, and contain a relatively higher proportion of weak links, making them reactive to crisis. These ideas were modified from workshop discussions during 2006. Although they are neither tested nor presented as strong beliefs, they are based on the anecdotal observations of arid-system scientists with many years of experience. This paper does not test the ideas, but rather examines them in the context of five arid-social network case studies with the aim of hypotheses building. Our cases are networks related to pastoralism, Aboriginal outstations, the ‘Far West Coast Aboriginal Enterprise Network’ and natural resources in both the Lake-Eyre basin and the Murray–Darling catchment. Our cases highlight that (1) social networks do not have clear boundaries, and that how participants perceive their network boundaries may differ from what network data imply, (2) although network structures are important determinants of system behaviour, the role of participants as individuals is still pivotal, (3) and while in certain arid cases weak links are engaged in crisis, the exact structure of all weak links in terms of how they place participants in relation to other communities is what matters.
- Published
- 2008
20. ADAM12-cleaved ephrin-A1 contributes to lung metastasis
- Author
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Ieguchi, K, primary, Tomita, T, additional, Omori, T, additional, Komatsu, A, additional, Deguchi, A, additional, Masuda, J, additional, Duffy, S L, additional, Coulthard, M G, additional, Boyd, A, additional, and Maru, Y, additional
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
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21. Infant feeding practice of HIV positive mothers and its determinants in selected health institutions of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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Maru, Y, primary and Haidar, J, additional
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- 2010
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22. Clinical Significance of Magnetic Resonance Cholangiopancreatography for the Diagnosis of Cystic Tumor of the Pancreas Compared with Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography and Computed Tomography
- Author
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Mera, K., primary, Tajiri, H., additional, Muto, M., additional, Ohtsu, A., additional, Furuse, J., additional, Maru, Y., additional, Kinoshita, T., additional, Ryu, M., additional, Nawano, S., additional, Murakami, K., additional, Moriyama, N., additional, and Yoshida, S., additional
- Published
- 1999
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23. Images of biliary tract malignancy by auto-fluorescence endoscopic imaging system: A pilot study
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Izuishil, K., primary, Tajiri, H., additional, Furuse, J., additional, Ryu, M., additional, Maru, Y., additional, Abe, S., additional, Kinoshita, T., additional, Konishi, M., additional, Inoue, H., additional, and Yoshida, S., additional
- Published
- 1998
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24. Differently spliced cDNAs of human leukocyte tyrosine kinase receptor tyrosine kinase predict receptor proteins with and without a tyrosine kinase domain and a soluble receptor protein.
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Toyoshima, H., primary, Kozutsumi, H., additional, Maru, Y., additional, Hagiwara, K., additional, Furuya, A., additional, Mioh, H., additional, Hanai, N., additional, Takaku, F., additional, Yazaki, Y., additional, and Hirai, H., additional
- Published
- 1993
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25. Concha bullosa: Frequency and appearances on sinonasal CT.
- Author
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Maru, Y. and Gupta, Yamini
- Abstract
Aeration of the middle turbinate, termed 'Concha bullosa', is one of the most common, obstructive, anatomic variants seen in patients with sinusitis. The present study was carried out on 150 patients of chronic sinusitis, who underwent CT scan paranasal sinuses, coronal section prior to Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery (FESS). The CT Scans were evaluated to detect the incidence of Concha bullosa and its types, the significance of Concha bullosa in genesis of osteomeatal complex disease and relation between type of Concha bullosa and osteomeatal complex disease. Later the patients were subjected to FESS. In this study we found that the overall incidence of inflammatory disease in the osteomeatal complex in these symptomatic patients was no different between with and without Concha bullosa and osteomeatal complex disease is found to be more frequent if peumatization is localized to inferior part of middle turbinate. Concha bullosa requires specific endoscopic surgical techniques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2000
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26. Evolution, expression, and chromosomal location of a novel receptor tyrosine kinase gene, eph
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Maru, Y, Hirai, H, Yoshida, M C, and Takaku, F
- Abstract
Partial sequence analysis of the genomic eph locus revealed that the splicing points of kinase domain-encoding exons were completely distinct from those of the other protein tyrosine kinase members reported, suggesting that this is the earliest evolutionary split within this family. In Northern (RNA) blot analysis, the eph gene was expressed in liver, lung, kidney, and testis of rat, and screening of 25 human cancers of various cell types showed preferential expression in cells of epithelial origin. Overexpression of eph mRNA was found in a hepatoma and a lung cancer without gene amplification. Comparison of cDNA sequences derived from a normal liver and a hepatoma that overproduces eph mRNA demonstrated that two of them were completely identical throughout the transmembrane to the carboxy-terminal portions. Southern blot analysis of DNAs from human-mouse hybrid clones with an eph probe showed that this gene was present on human chromosome 7.
- Published
- 1988
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27. The dimerization property of glutathione S-transferase partially reactivates Bcr-Abl lacking the oligomerization domain.
- Author
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Maru, Y, Afar, D E, Witte, O N, and Shibuya, M
- Abstract
Bcr-Abl oncoproteins are responsible for the pathogenesis of human leukemias with a reciprocal chromosome translocation t(9;22). The amino-terminal Bcr sequence has a potential to form a homotetramer (tetramer domain), and destructions of the tetramer domain cause a complete loss of biological activities in Bcr-Abl. Here we show that Bcr-Abl in which the tetramer domain is replaced with glutathione S-transferase (GST) with a dimerizing ability (GST/Bcr-Abl-(Delta1-160)) can no longer induce an interleukin-3 (IL-3) independence in Ba/F3 cells or transform mouse bone marrow cells but still retains by 30-40% the ability to transform Rat1 cells. Compared with the wild type Bcr-Abl, autophosphorylation of GST/Bcr-Abl-(Delta1-160) in vivo was reduced by more than 50%. The Grb-2 binding to GST/Bcr-Abl-(Delta1-160) was 50% reduced in Rat1 cells and undetectable in Ba/F3 cells. In Rat1 cells expressing GST/Bcr-Abl-(Delta1-160), phosphotyrosine contents of p62 and Shc were 70% decreased.
- Published
- 1996
28. Tyrosine phosphorylation of BCR by FPS/FES protein-tyrosine kinases induces association of BCR with GRB-2/SOS
- Author
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Maru, Y, Peters, K L, Afar, D E, Shibuya, M, Witte, O N, and Smithgall, T E
- Abstract
The human bcr gene encodes a protein with serine/threonine kinase activity, CDC24/dbl homology, a GAP domain, and an SH2-binding region. However, the precise physiological functions of BCR are unknown. Coexpression of BCR with the cytoplasmic protein-tyrosine kinase encoded by the c-fes proto-oncogene in Sf-9 cells resulted in stable BCR-FES protein complex formation and tyrosine phosphorylation of BCR. Association involves the SH2 domain of FES and a novel binding domain localized to the first 347 amino acids of the FES N-terminal region. Deletion of the homologous N-terminal BCR-binding domain from v-fps, a fes-related transforming oncogene, abolished transforming activity and tyrosine phosphorylation of BCR in vivo. Tyrosine phosphorylation of BCR in v-fps-transformed cells induced its association with GRB-2/SOS, the RAS guanine nucleotide exchange factor complex. These data provide evidence that BCR couples the cytoplasmic protein-tyrosine kinase and RAS signaling pathways.
- Published
- 1995
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29. The use of mercury in small-scale gold mining operations: effectiveness and pollution aspects.
- Author
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Subasinghe G.K.N., Maru Y., Subasinghe G.K.N., and Maru Y.
- Abstract
Mercury is used by small-scale miners in two situations. In Papua New Guinea alluvial deposits are usually worked, and Hg is commonly placed in the riffle compartments of sluice boxes to catch some of the fine gold particles that otherwise escape. Discharge of 5-30% of the Hg into the river system results from agitation and from mishandling during withdrawal, while Hg is released to the atmosphere by evaporation from the amalgam over an open fire. Methods introduced to avoid this problem, such as the use of retorts, have not been popular. At a few deposits amalgamation of gold from primary ores takes place during the crushing stage and floured Hg particles escape into the environment. Hg toxicity in humans varies according to its oxidation state. A comparison of Hg levels in artisan miners in Papua New Guinea with those in their counterparts in other developing countries indicate mainly short-term accumulation so far. Allowable upper limits for Hg pollution from sluicing have now been established, and recent studies have produced experimental evidence to discredit the idea that Hg in riffle compartments captures significant fine gold: the fine particles are suspended by turbulence and the residence time is too short for effective amalgamation to occur. Recommended strategies for pollution control are to promote the use of optimally designed sluice boxes, establish a central retorting facility, promote research into coal-gold agglomeration and consider the imposition of Hg bans., Mercury is used by small-scale miners in two situations. In Papua New Guinea alluvial deposits are usually worked, and Hg is commonly placed in the riffle compartments of sluice boxes to catch some of the fine gold particles that otherwise escape. Discharge of 5-30% of the Hg into the river system results from agitation and from mishandling during withdrawal, while Hg is released to the atmosphere by evaporation from the amalgam over an open fire. Methods introduced to avoid this problem, such as the use of retorts, have not been popular. At a few deposits amalgamation of gold from primary ores takes place during the crushing stage and floured Hg particles escape into the environment. Hg toxicity in humans varies according to its oxidation state. A comparison of Hg levels in artisan miners in Papua New Guinea with those in their counterparts in other developing countries indicate mainly short-term accumulation so far. Allowable upper limits for Hg pollution from sluicing have now been established, and recent studies have produced experimental evidence to discredit the idea that Hg in riffle compartments captures significant fine gold: the fine particles are suspended by turbulence and the residence time is too short for effective amalgamation to occur. Recommended strategies for pollution control are to promote the use of optimally designed sluice boxes, establish a central retorting facility, promote research into coal-gold agglomeration and consider the imposition of Hg bans.
30. Extraction equilibrium between Versatic Acid 10 and concentrated solution of nickel.
- Author
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Wase K., Kishi Y., Maru Y., Wase K., Kishi Y., and Maru Y.
- Abstract
The extraction of nickel ions using Versatic Acid 10 (VA10) was studied by considering the state of chemical equilibrium existing between the organic and aqueous phases. The amount of nickel extracted from the aqueous to organic phases increases with the pH of the aqueous phase. With high concentrations of VA10 the nickel concentration in the organic phase increases linearly with pH and at higher pH values a state of equilibrium is reached where almost all the nickel ions are extracted from the aqueous to organic phases. With lower concentrations of VA10, another equilibrium state is reached where the concentrations of nickel in both the organic and aqueous phases become almost constant with increasing pH. Analysis showed that the extracted nickel from concentrated solutions was in the same form of dimer as that determined from dilute solutions. The estimated apparent equilibrium constant was found to increase significantly as the initial nickel concentration in the aqueous solutions increased., The extraction of nickel ions using Versatic Acid 10 (VA10) was studied by considering the state of chemical equilibrium existing between the organic and aqueous phases. The amount of nickel extracted from the aqueous to organic phases increases with the pH of the aqueous phase. With high concentrations of VA10 the nickel concentration in the organic phase increases linearly with pH and at higher pH values a state of equilibrium is reached where almost all the nickel ions are extracted from the aqueous to organic phases. With lower concentrations of VA10, another equilibrium state is reached where the concentrations of nickel in both the organic and aqueous phases become almost constant with increasing pH. Analysis showed that the extracted nickel from concentrated solutions was in the same form of dimer as that determined from dilute solutions. The estimated apparent equilibrium constant was found to increase significantly as the initial nickel concentration in the aqueous solutions increased.
31. On the stripping and crystallisation of cobalt in the VA10-kerosene solution into water under high pressure CO2.
- Author
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Maru Y., Nishimura S., Wase K., Maru Y., Nishimura S., and Wase K.
- Abstract
The mechanism of stripping and crystallisation of Co extracted in Versatic Acid 10-kerosene solution by applying high pressure CO2 and water was considered. With experimental conditions of 25 degrees C, 0.5 mol/l of VA10 and 15 atm CO2 pressure, the degree of Co stripping amounted to 99.9% at 2.56 x 10-3 mol/l initial Co concentration in the organic phase and this slightly decreased as the initial Co concentration in the organic phase increased. The distribution ratio in the stripping runs was found to be much smaller than in the extraction runs at the same pH values. The thermodynamic equilibrium on the Co stripping reaction by CO2 was calculated using the extraction data and found to qualitatively represent the actual stripping behaviour. Calculation of ionic products for CoCO3 revealed that the aqueous phase after stripping was supposed to be under supersaturation throughout the corresponding region of non-crystallisation., The mechanism of stripping and crystallisation of Co extracted in Versatic Acid 10-kerosene solution by applying high pressure CO2 and water was considered. With experimental conditions of 25 degrees C, 0.5 mol/l of VA10 and 15 atm CO2 pressure, the degree of Co stripping amounted to 99.9% at 2.56 x 10-3 mol/l initial Co concentration in the organic phase and this slightly decreased as the initial Co concentration in the organic phase increased. The distribution ratio in the stripping runs was found to be much smaller than in the extraction runs at the same pH values. The thermodynamic equilibrium on the Co stripping reaction by CO2 was calculated using the extraction data and found to qualitatively represent the actual stripping behaviour. Calculation of ionic products for CoCO3 revealed that the aqueous phase after stripping was supposed to be under supersaturation throughout the corresponding region of non-crystallisation.
32. On the stripping and crystallisation of cobalt in the VA10-kerosene solution into water under high pressure CO2. Study of the mechanism of powder formation by the application of solvent extraction.
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Maru Y., Nishimura S., Wase K., Maru Y., Nishimura S., and Wase K.
33. Mediating boundaries between knowledge and knowing: ICT and R4D praxis
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Reichelt, N. T., Wallis, P. J., Ison, R. L., Davies, J., Carberry, P., Sparrow, A., Hall, A., Maru, Y., Reichelt, N. T., Wallis, P. J., Ison, R. L., Davies, J., Carberry, P., Sparrow, A., Hall, A., and Maru, Y.
- Abstract
Research for development (R4D) praxis (theory-informed practical action) can be underpinned by the use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) which, it is claimed, provide opportunities for knowledge working and sharing. Such a framing implicitly or explicitly constructs a boundary around knowledge as reified, or commodified – or at least able to be stabilized for a period of time (first order knowledge). In contrast ‘third-generation knowledge’ emphasizes the social nature of learning and knowledge-making; this reframes knowledge as a negotiated social practice, thus constructing a different system boundary. This paper offers critical reflections on the use of a wiki as a data repository and mediating technical platform as part of innovating in R4D praxis. A sustainable social learning process was sought that fostered an emergent community of practice among biophysical and social researchers acting for the first time as R4D co-researchers. Over time the technologically mediated element of the learning system was judged to have failed. This inquiry asks: How can learning system design cultivate learning opportunities and respond to learning challenges in an online environment to support R4D practice? Confining critical reflection to the online learning experience alone ignores the wider context in which knowledge work took place; therefore the institutional setting is also considered.
34. Mediating boundaries between knowledge and knowing: ICT and R4D praxis
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Reichelt, N. T., Wallis, P. J., Ison, R. L., Davies, J., Carberry, P., Sparrow, A, Hall, A, Maru, Y., Reichelt, N. T., Wallis, P. J., Ison, R. L., Davies, J., Carberry, P., Sparrow, A, Hall, A, and Maru, Y.
- Abstract
This article reflects critically on the use of a wiki as a data repository for knowledge transfer and as a mediating technical platform for social learning in the context of a multi-country programme of agricultural research for development. The wiki was designed to foster sustainable social learning and an emergent community of practice among biophysical and social researchers acting for the first time as co-researchers. Over time, the technologically mediated element of the learning system was judged to have failed. The article is based on an inquiry that asked ‘How can learning system design cultivate learning opportunities and respond to learning challenges in an online environment to support research for development practice?’ The article also considers the wider context and institutional setting in which the knowledge work took place.
35. Mediating boundaries between knowledge and knowing: ICT and R4D praxis
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Reichelt, N. T., Wallis, P. J., Ison, R. L., Davies, J., Carberry, P., Sparrow, A., Hall, A., Maru, Y., Reichelt, N. T., Wallis, P. J., Ison, R. L., Davies, J., Carberry, P., Sparrow, A., Hall, A., and Maru, Y.
- Abstract
Research for development (R4D) praxis (theory-informed practical action) can be underpinned by the use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) which, it is claimed, provide opportunities for knowledge working and sharing. Such a framing implicitly or explicitly constructs a boundary around knowledge as reified, or commodified – or at least able to be stabilized for a period of time (first order knowledge). In contrast ‘third-generation knowledge’ emphasizes the social nature of learning and knowledge-making; this reframes knowledge as a negotiated social practice, thus constructing a different system boundary. This paper offers critical reflections on the use of a wiki as a data repository and mediating technical platform as part of innovating in R4D praxis. A sustainable social learning process was sought that fostered an emergent community of practice among biophysical and social researchers acting for the first time as R4D co-researchers. Over time the technologically mediated element of the learning system was judged to have failed. This inquiry asks: How can learning system design cultivate learning opportunities and respond to learning challenges in an online environment to support R4D practice? Confining critical reflection to the online learning experience alone ignores the wider context in which knowledge work took place; therefore the institutional setting is also considered.
36. Mediating boundaries between knowledge and knowing: ICT and R4D praxis
- Author
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Reichelt, N. T., Wallis, P. J., Ison, R. L., Davies, J., Carberry, P., Sparrow, A, Hall, A, Maru, Y., Reichelt, N. T., Wallis, P. J., Ison, R. L., Davies, J., Carberry, P., Sparrow, A, Hall, A, and Maru, Y.
- Abstract
This article reflects critically on the use of a wiki as a data repository for knowledge transfer and as a mediating technical platform for social learning in the context of a multi-country programme of agricultural research for development. The wiki was designed to foster sustainable social learning and an emergent community of practice among biophysical and social researchers acting for the first time as co-researchers. Over time, the technologically mediated element of the learning system was judged to have failed. The article is based on an inquiry that asked ‘How can learning system design cultivate learning opportunities and respond to learning challenges in an online environment to support research for development practice?’ The article also considers the wider context and institutional setting in which the knowledge work took place.
37. Revisiting sustainability boundaries from a systems perspective
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Maru, Y. and Woodford, Keith B.
38. Effect of a simplified approach on recovery of children 6-59 months with wasting in Ethiopia: A noninferiority, cluster randomized controlled trial.
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Maru Y, Tamiru D, Baye K, Chitekwe S, Lailou A, Darsene H, Abdulai R, Worku M, and Belachew T
- Abstract
Worldwide, nearly 45 million children under the age of 5 years were affected by wasting in 2022. Ethiopia has been challenged by disasters increasing the caseload of children with wasting. This study aimed to determine the effect of a simplified approach on recovery of children with acute malnutrition as compared with the standard protocol. A cluster randomized, controlled, noninferiority trial was carried out in three regions of Ethiopia from December 4, 2021, to July 30, 2022. A total of 58 clusters (health posts) were randomized into intervention and control groups. Children with SAM in the intervention groups received two sachets of Ready-to-Use Therapeutic Food (RUTF), whereas children in the control groups received RUTF based on their body weight. Children with moderate acute malnutrition (MAM) received one sachet of RUTF and one sachet of Ready-to-Use Supplementary Food (RUSF) daily in the intervention and control groups, respectively. Per protocol (PP) and intention-to-treat analysis were used to compare recovery at a noninferiority margin of 15%. Data were collected from 55 health posts and 1032 children. In the PP analysis, the recovery rate of children with wasting among the simplified group (97.8%) was noninferior to the standard protocol group (97.7%), p = 0.399. The RUTF cost per treatment of child with SAM was 56.55 USD for the standard versus 42.78 USD for the simplified approach. The simplified approach is noninferior to the standard protocol in terms of recovery and has a lower cost of RUTF. Further study is recommended to assess the effectiveness of the simplified approach in emergency contexts., (© 2024 The Authors. Maternal & Child Nutrition published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)
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- 2024
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39. Comparing time to recovery in wasting treatment: simplified approach vs. standard protocol among children aged 6-59 months in Ethiopia-a cluster-randomized, controlled, non-inferiority trial.
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Maru Y, Tamiru D, Baye K, Chitekwe S, Kifle YG, Lailou A, and Belachew T
- Abstract
Introduction: Wasting occurs when the body's nutritional needs are unmet due to insufficient intake or illness. It represents a significant global challenge, with approximately 45 million infants and children under 5 years of age suffering from wasting in 2022., Methods: A cluster-randomized, controlled, non-inferiority trial was conducted in three regions of Ethiopia. A non-inferiority margin of 15%, along with a recovery rate of 90% and a minimum acceptable recovery rate of 75%, were considered alongside an intra-cluster correlation coefficient of 0.05 and an anticipated loss to follow-up of 10% in determining the total sample size of 1,052 children. Children with severe acute malnutrition (SAM) in the simplified group received two sachets of ready-to-use therapeutic food (RUTF) daily, while the standard group received RUTF based on their body weight. For moderate acute malnutrition (MAM) cases, the simplified group received one sachet of RUTF, whereas the standard group received one sachet of ready-to-use supplementary food daily. A non-parametric Kaplan-Meir curve was utilized to compare the survival time to recovery., Results: A total of 1,032 data points were gathered. For SAM cases, the average length of stay was 8.86 (±3.91) weeks for the simplified protocol and 8.26 (±4.18) weeks for the standard protocol ( P = 0.13). For MAM cases, the average length of stay was 8.18 (±2.96) weeks for the simplified approach and 8.32 (±3.55) weeks for the standard protocol ( P = 0.61). There was no significant difference ( P = 0.502) observed between the simplified protocol [8 weeks, interquartile range (IQR): 7.06-8.94] and the standard protocol [9 weeks (IQR: 8.17-9.83)] among children with SAM on the median time to cure. There was no significant difference ( P = 0.502) in the time to cure between the simplified approach [8 weeks (IQR: 7.53-8.47)] and the standard protocol [8 weeks (IQR: 7.66-8.34)] among children with MAM. The survival curves displayed similarity, with the log-rank test not showing significance ( P > 0.5), indicating the non-inferiority of the simplified approach for cure time., Conclusion: The findings showed that the simplified and standard protocols demonstrated no significant differences in terms of the average duration of stay and time required for recovery., Clinical Trial Registration: https://pactr.samrc.ac.za/, Identifier (PACTR202202496481398)., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (© 2024 Maru, Tamiru, Baye, Chitekwe, Kifle, Lailou and Belachew.)
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- 2024
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40. Knowledge, attitude, practices and associated factors of family planning among women living with hiv at the university of Gondar specialized hospital: a cross sectional study.
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Simegn W, Hussen E, Maru Y, Seid AM, Limenh LW, Ayenew W, Melese M, and Atsbeha BW
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- Child, Humans, Female, Cross-Sectional Studies, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Hospitals, Contraceptive Agents, Family Planning Services, HIV Infections
- Abstract
Introduction: HIV/AIDS poses a significant health challenge in sub-Saharan African countries, with a disproportionate impact on women of reproductive age. The disparities in knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to family planning among women living with HIV can be intricate and multi-faceted. This study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitude, practice, and associated factors regarding family planning among the women living with HIV at the University of Gondar specialized hospital, Gondar, Ethiopia., Method: A cross-sectional study was carried out at the University of Gondar Teaching Referral Hospital, focusing on HIV-positive women of reproductive age who visited the ART unit from July 8-28, 2022. Data collection involved the use of pre-tested, structured questionnaires administered through interviews. The gathered data were entered into the electronic Kobo Collect platform and subsequently exported for analysis using SPSS version 26. Descriptive summaries, including frequencies, means, and percentages, were presented through tables and figures. Logistic regression was employed to identify potential predictors, presenting adjusted odds ratios with a 95% confidence interval and a significance level set at a P-value of 0.05., Results: A total of 328 study participants were included. About 93% of the study population had good knowledge about modern contraceptives, and about 94% of the study population had good knowledge about safer conception. Only 30.2% of the study population had knowledge of the dual contraceptive method. The attitude and practice of women towards family planning (FP) were 71.0% and 55.8%, respectively. The study revealed that the most commonly employed contraceptive method was injectable contraceptives, constituting 34.2% of usage. Having one and a greater number of children (AOR = 2.25, 95% CI: 1.10, 4.49), having discussions on fertility plans with healthcare providers (AOR = 2.20, 95% CI: 1.02, 4.761), and having good family planning practices (AOR = 2.15, 95% CI: 1.19, 3.87) were significantly associated with the attitude toward family planning. Married women (AOR = 1.88, 95% CI = 1.11, 3.1), able to read and write (AOR = 2.12, 95% CI:1.04,4.32), college and above educational level (AOR = 4.51, 95% CI:1.93,10.87), had discussion on fertility plan with healthcare providers (AOR = 5.09, 95% CI: 1.96, 13.24), knowledge about dual method (AOR = 1.95, CI: 1.08, 3.50), and knowledge about modern contraceptive methods (AOR = 7.24, 95% CI: 1.56, 33.58) were significantly associated with good practice of family planning., Conclusion: Women living with HIV exhibited notably high levels of knowledge regarding modern contraceptive methods and safer conception. The knowledge of the dual method was low. More than half of the study population had good practice in family planning. More than two-thirds of HIV-positive reproductive-age women had a good attitude about family planning. Having one or a greater number of children, having a discussion on a fertility plan with a healthcare provider, and having a good practice of family planning were significantly associated with a good attitude toward family planning. Married women, education status, discussions on fertility plans with healthcare providers, knowledge about dual methods, and knowledge about modern contraceptive methods were significantly associated with good family planning practices. The stakeholders should design interventions based on the aforementioned factors to improve the attitude and practice of family planning., (© 2024. The Author(s).)
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- 2024
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41. Variant spectrum of PIEZO1 and KCNN4 in Japanese patients with dehydrated hereditary stomatocytosis.
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Nakahara E, Yamamoto KS, Ogura H, Aoki T, Utsugisawa T, Azuma K, Akagawa H, Watanabe K, Muraoka M, Nakamura F, Kamei M, Tatebayashi K, Shinozuka J, Yamane T, Hibino M, Katsura Y, Nakano-Akamatsu S, Kadowaki N, Maru Y, Ito E, Ohga S, Yagasaki H, Morioka I, Yamamoto T, and Kanno H
- Abstract
Hereditary stomatocytosis (HSt) is a type of congenital hemolytic anemia caused by abnormally increased cation permeability of erythrocyte membranes. Dehydrated HSt (DHSt) is the most common subtype of HSt and is diagnosed based on clinical and laboratory findings related to erythrocytes. PIEZO1 and KCNN4 have been recognized as causative genes, and many related variants have been reported. We analyzed the genomic background of 23 patients from 20 Japanese families suspected of having DHSt using a target capture sequence and identified pathogenic/likely pathogenic variants of PIEZO1 or KCNN4 in 12 families., (© 2023. The Author(s).)
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- 2023
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42. Derivation of pancreatic acinar cell carcinoma cell line HS-1 as a patient-derived tumor organoid.
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Hoshi D, Kita E, Maru Y, Kogashi H, Nakamura Y, Tatsumi Y, Shimozato O, Nakamura K, Sudo K, Tsujimoto A, Yokoyama R, Kato A, Ushiku T, Fukayama M, Itami M, Yamaguchi T, and Hippo Y
- Subjects
- Humans, Mice, Animals, Homozygote, Sequence Deletion, Organoids metabolism, Cell Line, Pancreatic Neoplasms, Carcinoma, Acinar Cell genetics, Carcinoma, Acinar Cell metabolism, Carcinoma, Acinar Cell pathology, Pancreatic Neoplasms pathology
- Abstract
Acinar cell carcinoma (ACC) of the pancreas is a malignant tumor of the exocrine cell lineage with a poor prognosis. Due to its rare incidence and technical difficulties, few authentic human cell lines are currently available, hampering detailed investigations of ACC. Therefore, we applied the organoid culture technique to various types of specimens, such as bile, biopsy, and resected tumor, obtained from a single ACC patient. Despite the initial propagation, none of these organoids achieved long-term proliferation or tolerated cryopreservation, confirming the challenging nature of establishing ACC cell lines. Nevertheless, the biopsy-derived early passage organoid developed subcutaneous tumors in immunodeficient mice. The xenograft tumor histologically resembled the original tumor and gave rise to infinitely propagating organoids with solid features and high levels of trypsin secretion. Moreover, the organoid stained positive for carboxylic ester hydrolase, a specific ACC marker, but negative for the duct cell marker CD133 and the endocrine lineage marker synaptophysin. Hence, we concluded the derivation of a novel ACC cell line of the pure exocrine lineage, designated HS-1. Genomic analysis revealed extensive copy number alterations and mutations in EP400 in the original tumor, which were enriched in primary organoids. HS-1 displayed homozygous deletion of CDKN2A, which might underlie xenograft formation from organoids. Although resistant to standard cytotoxic agents, the cell line was highly sensitive to the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib, as revealed by an in vitro drug screen and in vivo validation. In summary, we document a novel ACC cell line, which could be useful for ACC studies in the future., (© 2022 The Authors. Cancer Science published by John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd on behalf of Japanese Cancer Association.)
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- 2023
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43. The Sympathetic Nervous System Contributes to the Establishment of Pre-Metastatic Pulmonary Microenvironments.
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Ieguchi K, Funakoshi M, Mishima T, Takizawa K, Omori T, Nakamura F, Watanabe M, Tsuji M, Kiuchi Y, Kobayashi S, Tsunoda T, Maru Y, and Wada S
- Subjects
- Animals, Lung pathology, Mice, Neoplasm Metastasis pathology, Oxidopamine, Sympathetic Nervous System, Tumor Microenvironment, Lung Neoplasms pathology, Semaphorin-3A
- Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests that neural activity contributes to tumor initiation and its acquisition of metastatic properties. More specifically, it has been reported that the sympathetic nervous system regulates tumor angiogenesis, tumor growth, and metastasis. The function of the sympathetic nervous system in primary tumors has been gradually elucidated. However, its functions in pre-metastatic environments and/or the preparation of metastatic environments far from the primary sites are still unknown. To investigate the role of the sympathetic nervous system in pre-metastatic environments, we performed chemical sympathectomy using 6-OHDA in mice and observed a decrease in lung metastasis by attenuating the recruitment of myeloid-derived suppressor cells. Furthermore, we note that neuro-immune cell interactions could be observed in tumor-bearing mouse lungs in conjunction with the decreased expression of Sema3A. These data indicate that the sympathetic nervous system contributes to the preparation of pre-metastatic microenvironments in the lungs, which are mediated by neuro-immune cell interactions.
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- 2022
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44. Australian veterinarians' perspectives on the contribution of the veterinary workforce to the Australian animal health surveillance system.
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Hayes L, Manyweathers J, Maru Y, Davis E, Woodgate R, and Hernandez-Jover M
- Abstract
This study investigated the involvement of private veterinarians in surveillance activities and the veterinary workforce's contribution to the Australian animal health surveillance system. The perception that there is overall a decreased engagement by veterinarians in surveillance outcomes at a time when there is increased need for bolstering of surveillance systems was investigated. Three key questions were considered: (1) What is the current contribution of private veterinarians to the Australian surveillance system? (2) What is the veterinary professions capacity to assume a more prominent role in surveillance? (3) What is the interest and ability of the veterinary profession in Australia to undertake this surveillance role now and into the future? Semi-structured telephone interviews were conducted with 17 private veterinarians with data analyzed qualitatively to identify key themes. Results demonstrate that private veterinarians are aware of their responsibilities and are engaged in surveillance activities at both formal and informal levels. The key challenges associated with current and future contributions were related to workload, remuneration, conflicts of interest and clarity over how responsibility for surveillance is shared amongst those involved in the system. The study has demonstrated that even amongst an engaged population, barriers do need to be addressed if private veterinarians are to be tasked with increasing their involvement in animal health surveillance activities., Competing Interests: Author ED was employed by Global Veterinary Solutions Pty. Ltd. The remaining authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2022 Hayes, Manyweathers, Maru, Davis, Woodgate and Hernandez-Jover.)
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- 2022
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45. Inflammation-associated premetastatic niche formation.
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Deguchi A and Maru Y
- Abstract
Metastasis remains the leading cause of cancer-related death. In 1889, Stephen Paget originally proposed the theory "seed-and-soil." Both cancer cell-intrinsic properties ("seed") and fertile microenvironment ("soil") are essential for metastasis formation. To date, accumulating evidences supported the theory using mouse models. The formation of a premetastatic niche has been widely accepted as an accel for metastasis. Similar to tumor microenvironment, various types of cells, such as immune cells, endothelial cells, and fibroblasts are involved in premetastatic niche formation. We have discovered that primary tumors hijack Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling to establish a premetastatic niche in the lung by utilizing the endogenous ligands. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms that underlie inflammation-associated premetastatic niche formation upon metastasis, focusing especially on myeloid cells and macrophages as the cells executing and mediating complicated processes., (© 2022. The Author(s).)
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- 2022
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46. The potential of organoids in toxicologic pathology: Histopathological and immunohistochemical evaluation of a mouse normal tissue-derived organoid-based carcinogenesis model.
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Ishigamori R, Naruse M, Hirata A, Maru Y, Hippo Y, and Imai T
- Abstract
Recently, we introduced an organoid-based chemical carcinogenesis model using mouse normal tissue-derived organoids. In the present review article, the histopathological and immunohistochemical characteristics of mouse normal tissue-derived organoids and tumors derived from these organoids after their in vitro treatment with genotoxic carcinogens and injection into nude mouse are reviewed. In organoids treated in vitro with genotoxic carcinogens, we confirmed macroscopic tumorigenicity and histopathological findings, including neoplastic characteristics, such as multilayered epithelia and/or invasion of epithelia into the surrounding interstitium. In contrast glandular/cystic structures with monolayered epithelia were clearly demarcated from the surrounding Matrigel/interstitium in the untreated control groups. In addition to macroscopic tumorigenicity, these microscopic epithelial changes, which are characteristic of the early stages of carcinogenesis, are included in the requirements for carcinogenicity-positive judgement of the organoid-based carcinogenesis model. Immunohistochemistry of cytokeratins (CKs), used to determine the origin of epithelia and distribution of extraductal invasive lesions, or oncogenic kinases, which reflect molecular activation in epithelia following chemical treatment, is helpful for accurate diagnosis and molecular evaluation in the early stages of carcinogenesis. This information improves our biological understanding of organoid-based chemical carcinogenesis models., (©2022 The Japanese Society of Toxicologic Pathology.)
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- 2022
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47. Public Attitudes toward COVID-19 Vaccinations before Dawn in Japan: Ethics and Future Perspectives.
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Nakada H, Takashima K, Maru Y, Ikka T, Yuji K, Yoshida S, and Matsui K
- Abstract
Improving public understanding and acceptance are critical for promoting coronavirus (COVID-19) vaccination. However, how to promote COVID-19 vaccine programs remains controversial due to various ethical issues. This study, thus, aimed to survey the acceptance of COVID-19 vaccines among Japanese citizens and discuss relevant ethical issues. A cross-sectional survey was conducted via an online platform. An anonymous, quantitative, self-administered online questionnaire was sent to 6965 registered Japanese residents (20-79 years of age), which included questions regarding the respondent's general knowledge, experience, and opinions of vaccines, vaccine development, COVID-19, and COVID-19 vaccines. Of the 1569 respondents, 730 (46.5%) and 839 (53.5%) were categorized into the younger and older groups, respectively. Most of the respondents possessed general knowledge of COVID-19 vaccines and their features. Of the respondents, 57.8% definitely agreed (10.5%) or somewhat agreed (47.3%) to receive COVID-19 vaccines. The older group showed significantly greater willingness to receive vaccines and higher literacy regarding vaccines in general. Possible reasons for the older group's greater willingness to receive COVID-19 vaccines are a high risk of severe COVID-19 infection and their past accumulated experience of receiving various vaccinations. Although active public intervention could increase vaccination rates, most of the respondents did not agree with mandatory vaccination. Furthermore, a gap between the participants in the COVID-19 vaccine trials and the prioritized population in real-world vaccination should be adjusted in future vaccine development., Supplementary Information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s41649-022-00207-4., Competing Interests: Competing InterestsHaruka Nakada received a research grant from the Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development. Other authors have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose., (© National University of Singapore and Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2022.)
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- 2022
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48. Modeling the Effect of Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus in Australian Beef Herds.
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Fountain J, Hernandez-Jover M, Kirkeby C, Halasa T, Manyweathers J, Maru Y, and Brookes V
- Abstract
Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is an economically important disease in Australian beef farming. The disease typically results in low-level production losses that can be difficult to detect for several years. Simulation modeling can be used to support the decision to control BVDV; however, current BVDV simulation models do not adequately reflect the extensive farming environment of Australian beef production. Therefore, the objective of this study was to develop a disease simulation model to explore the impact of BVDV on beef cattle production in south-east Australia. A dynamic, individual-based, stochastic, discrete-time simulation model was created to simulate within-herd transmission of BVDV in a seasonal, self-replacing beef herd. We used the model to simulate the effect of herd size and BVDV introduction time on disease transmission and assessed the short- and long-term impact of BVDV on production outputs that influence the economic performance of beef farms. We found that BVDV can become established in a herd after a single PI introduction in 60% of cases, most frequently associated with the breeding period. The initial impact of BVDV will be more severe in smaller herds, although self-elimination is more likely in small herds than in larger herds, in which there is a 23% chance that the virus can persist for >15 years following a single incursion in a herd with 800 breeders. The number and weight of steers sold was reduced in the presence of BVDV and the results demonstrated that repeat incursions exacerbate long-term production losses, even when annual losses appear marginal. This model reflects the short- and long-term production losses attributed to BVDV in beef herds in southeast Australia and provides a foundation from which the influence and economic utility of BVDV prevention in Australian beef herds can be assessed., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2021 Fountain, Hernandez-Jover, Kirkeby, Halasa, Manyweathers, Maru and Brookes.)
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- 2021
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49. Two-Way Development of the Genetic Model for Endometrial Tumorigenesis in Mice: Current and Future Perspectives.
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Maru Y and Hippo Y
- Abstract
Endometrial cancer (EC) is the most common malignancy of the female reproductive tract worldwide. Although comprehensive genomic analyses of EC have already uncovered many recurrent genetic alterations and deregulated signaling pathways, its disease model has been limited in quantity and quality. Here, we review the current status of genetic models for EC in mice, which have been developed in two distinct ways at the level of organisms and cells. Accordingly, we first describe the in vivo model using genetic engineering. This approach has been applied to only a subset of genes, with a primary focus on Pten inactivation, given that PTEN is the most frequently altered gene in human EC. In these models, the tissue specificity in genetic engineering determined by the Cre transgenic line has been insufficient. Consequently, the molecular mechanisms underlying EC development remain poorly understood, and preclinical models are still limited in number. Recently, refined Cre transgenic mice have been created to address this issue. With highly specific gene recombination in the endometrial cell lineage, acceptable in vivo modeling of EC development is warranted using these Cre lines. Second, we illustrate an emerging cell-based model. This hybrid approach comprises ex vivo genetic engineering of organoids and in vivo tumor development in immunocompromised mice. Although only a few successful cases have been reported as proof of concept, this approach allows quick and comprehensive analysis, ensuring a high potential for reconstituting carcinogenesis. Hence, ex vivo/in vivo hybrid modeling of EC development and its comparison with corresponding in vivo models may dramatically accelerate EC research. Finally, we provide perspectives on future directions of EC modeling., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2021 Maru and Hippo.)
- Published
- 2021
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50. Twists and turns in Kras -driven tumor initiation.
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Maru Y and Hippo Y
- Subjects
- Animals, Carcinogenesis genetics, Humans, Mice, Cell Transformation, Neoplastic genetics, Genes, ras genetics, Pancreatic Neoplasms genetics, Pancreatic Neoplasms metabolism, Pancreatic Neoplasms pathology
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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