Search

This paper describes the in-loop deblocking filter used in the upcoming High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) standard to reduce visible artifacts at block boundaries. The deblocking filter performs detection of the artifacts at the coded block boundaries and attenuates them by applying a selected filter. Compared to the H.264/AVC deblocking filter, the HEVC deblocking filter has lower computational complexity and better parallel processing capabilities while still achieving significant reduction of the visual artifacts.

Poly{[bis(3,5-diethynylphenyl)silylene]- p -phenylene} was prepared by the reaction of poly[(diethoxysilylene)- p -phenylene] with 3,5-bis(trimethylsilylethynyl)phenyllithium, followed by desilylation of the resulting substitution product. The present polymer exhibited extremely high heat-resistance and their thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) in a nitrogen atmosphere showed the temperature of 5% weight loss (Td 5 ) of 791 °C. Total weight loss at 1000 °C in TGA was determined to be 6% based on the initial weight. Treatment of a polymer film on a quartz plate at 1200 °C in vacuo led to the formation of a conducting thin film with a thickness of 74 nm and a conductivity of 9 S/cm.

Strongly in-plane aligned, c-axis oriented YBCO films were successfully grown on polycrystalline nickel tapes buffered with [100]-oriented NiO layers. The in-plane and out-of-plane alignments of the NiO layer were achieved by a surface-oxidation epitaxy (SOE) technique using a [100] cube-textured nickel tape. The in-plane textures of NiO layers fabricated so far with the full width half maximum (FWHM) values of 11-13 degrees are sufficient for the epitaxial growth of high-J/sub c/ YBCO films. Pulsed laser deposited YBCO layers on the NiO/Ni tapes were not only c-axis oriented with respect to the type surface, but also strongly in-plane aligned. The YBCO films on NiO/Ni tapes have a zero resistance T/sub c/=87 K and J/sub c/=10/sup 4/-10/sup 5/ A/cm/sup 2/ at 77 K.

In the multilayer conductor, the inner layers have higher impedance than the outer layers. As a result, the current concentrates in the outer layers. Our early study showed that its AC losses were reduced to one-tenth by making the current of each layer uniform. From such a point of view, a trial to realize the uniform current distribution was made by adjusting the winding pitches of high-temperature superconducting (HTS) tapes layer by layer. A 1 m long conductor was fabricated, where the inner layer had longer winding pitch than the outer layer. Experimental results showed that the currents flowing in individual layers were almost the same and that this conductor had lower AC losses than the nonuniform current distribution conductor.

Mechanical properties of HTS cable cores have been experimentally investigated. As is well known, HTS tapes with Ag-sheathed Bi-2223 have weak mechanical properties. Most attention to the weakness have been concentrated on the tape itself. However for realizing HTS cables, it is necessary to examine mechanical properties of the cable, because the performances of HTS cables are affected by stresses during cable production and their final uses. Three mechanical tests were performed; (1) a thermal cycle test, (2) a bending test and (3) a tensile test. In the thermal cycle test, Ic was not influenced. In the bending test, Ic depended on a bending radius, and a bending radius of less than 500 mm caused a significant problem to the conducting and shielding layers of the cable. It was also found that a flexible former was more suitable for the HTS cable than a copper pipe former, although its pressure drop was higher for liquid nitrogen. The tensile test indicated that tensile strains of up to 0.3% did not decrease Ic, and at 0.5% tensile strain Ic decreased to 10% of the initial Ic. These results are useful for HTS cable design.

高温で焼成された炭素材料で,新規充てん剤の一つであるカーボン充てんカラムをアルカリ金属イオンの定量に応用した.種々のイオン相互作用試薬と溶離剤として硝酸を組み合わせた移動相を用い,5種アルカリ金属イオン(Li+,Na+,K+,Rb+及びCs+)の溶離挙動を調べた.移動相の組成,流量及びカラム温度の検討により,5種アルカリ金属イオンをいずれも理論段数4500段以上でピークの対称性も良好なクロマトグラムを得ることができた.各イオンの検量線は相関係数0.999以上,繰り返し注入による相対標準偏差は0.5～0.9%(n=10)であった.この方法を医薬品中のナトリウム及びカリウムの定量に応用した結果,組成式から求めた理論値に対して許容誤差0.3%以内と良好な値を示した.

The long conductor fabrication is one of key technologies to realize the High-T/sub c/ superconducting power cable. A 50-m long conductor was fabricated by helically winding the High-T/sub c/ superconducting tape onto a former with a winding machine. The conductor consisted of ten layers of Ag-sheathed Bi-2223 tape which had a high critical current density of 10,000 A/cm/sup 2/ (at 77 K). AC losses and layer-by-layer current distribution were measured, feeding AC current of 100 to 2,000 Arms to the conductor cooled by LN2. The results showed that most of the current flowed in the outer layers where the impedance was low, and that AC losses were remarkably reduced by making the current distribution uniform.

The magnetization decay effect over time was studied for NbTi multifilamentary wires of various cross-sectional structures. It was found that the lower the electrical resistivity between filaments and the smaller the spacing between filaments of a specimen, the larger its magnetization decay rate. It was further found that the rate of magnetization decay was anisotropic with respect to the applied field, with rates being higher when the field was applied perpendicular to the wire axis. There was also a dependence of field profile, but results were complicated by supplemental magnetic flux. All these types of behavior were found to be attributable to the presence of a weakly superconductive portion induced by the proximity effect, and were explained by this model.

This is a correction to the “HEVC deblocking filter” article published in IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology, vol. 22, no. 12, Dec. 2012.

The effects of i.v. formulations on the pharmacokinetics were examined for two antitumor agents with different lipophilicities : rhizoxin and palmitoyl-rhizoxin (RS-1541). Blood disposition and tissue distributions in rats were evaluated using three formulations : polyethylene glycol 400 (PEG)/dimethylacetamide (DMA) solution, colloidal solution, and lipid emulsions composed of dioctanoyl decanoyl glycerol (ODO) and polyoxyethylene-(60)-hydrogenated castor oil (HCO-60). The effects of emulsion particle size on the pharmacokinetics were also investigated. Rhizoxin rapidly disappeared from the plasma and showed high distribution in the tissues, and in vitro rapidly degraded in the plasma independent of the formulations used. In in vitro plasma, rhizoxin was easily released from the emulsion particles. In contrast to rhizoxin, the pharmacokinetics of RS-1541 with greater lipophilicity changed considerably depending on the formulations. The emulsions showed high and sustained plasma concentrations for RS-1541. RS-1541 was stably incorporated in the emulsion droplets and protected from the degradation when it was applied as an emulsion. Tissue distributions of RS-1541 in rats after an injection as lipid emulsion were strongly affected by the emulsion particle size. Small size emulsions (100-110nm) showed the highest plasma concentrations of RS-1541, though they were unable to suppress distributions of the drug in peripheral tissues. Emulsions larger than 200nm (approx.) in size, on the contrary, effectively inhibited the drug from entering the bone marrow, small intestine and other non-reticuloendothelial system (non-RES) organs, where many cytotoxic compounds showed undesired toxicities. These results indicate that the lipid emulsions composed of ODO and HCO-60 could be a promising and effective DDS carrier for RS-1541, which is highly lipophilic and stabilized in the emulsions. This was not the case for rhizoxin, however, which was less lipophilic than palmitoyl analogue RS-1541. The work described herein has demonstrated that by properly selecting the particle size, these lipid emulsions can control the behavior of a drug in the body.

The hydrolysis reaction of oxazolam, a representative of 1, 4-benzodiazepinooxazoles (BDOZ), was investigated kinetically. The reaction product was identified by thin layer chromatography (TLC) and infrared (IR) spectroscopy, and it was concluded that irreversible hydrolytic cleavage took place at the diazepinone nucleus. The rate constant was determined by ultraviolet (UV) spectroscopy. The reaction was a first-order process consisting of two parallel reactions with different reacting species of oxazolam, depending on the pH of the medium. The pH-rate profile obtained for the reaction suggested that the reaction was independent of hydrogen ion concentration in acidic media, while it was catalyzed by hydroxide ion in alkaline media. The nonlinear least-squares fit method was employed to determine the catalytic rate constants involved in the equation describing the pH-rate constant relationship. Activation energies as well as other thermodynamic parameters were obtained in media of pH 2.0 and 8.0, and the values confirmed that different chemical species of oxazolam were involved. The observed effect of buffer concentration indicated that general base catalysis was involved in the reaction of the ionized species of oxazolam. A mechanistic consideration indicated that the rate-determining step may be the nucleophilic attack of a water molecule or hydroxide ion at the 11b-position in the diazepinone nucleus.

The acid-base equilibrium reactions of oxazolam (10-chloro-2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 11b-hexahydro-2-methyl-11b-phenylbenzo [6, 7]-1, 4-diazepino [5, 4-b] oxazol-6-one) and thirteen other derivatives of 1, 4-benzodiazepinooxazole (BDOZ) were studied. Ultraviolet absorption and fluorescence spectroscopies were employed to obtain the equilibrium constants. In most BDOZs the protonated species were promptly cleaved at the oxazolidine ring fused to the diazepine nucleus, and equilibrated with the original species. A few exceptional compounds required an appreciable time lag for the equilibration. The effects of substituents on the pKa value are discussed from the viewpoint of physical organic chemistry.

This paper summarizes our research on newly-developed multifilamentary V 3 Ga and Nb 3 Sn compound superconductors, including their design, processing, and characteristics such as mechanical and superconducting properties, and coil performance.

A superconducting pancake coil was wound from a newly-developed multifilamentary V3Ga tape and its coil characteristics was investigated by comparing with that of a conventional surface-diffusion Nb3Sn tape. The V3Ga tape are 0.16 mm in thickness and 5 mm in width, including about 2,500 V3Ga filaments and a copper stabilizer. The coil consists of 6 double pancake modules of 30 mm in bore diameter. The coil was tested in a Nb-Ti magnet having a bore diameter of 124 mm. It was able to produce a magnetic field of 12 Tesla at a coil current of 142 A without any training, while a Nb3Sn coil of similer dimensions exhibited several premature quenches. The other characteristics on sweep rate dependences upon quench currents, flux jump phenomena, hystereses and remanent fields, were also investigated. It has been confirmed that multifilamentary tape has a superior performance to surface-diffusion tape.

The MFTF-B magnet system requires two 12.5T, 36 cm bore, insert coils. These coils are being constructed with a cryostable Nb 3 Sn conductor manufactured by Furukawa Electric Co. The conductor consists of a core soldered into a cold-worked copper housing, which provides strength. The Nb 3 Sn core is made by a triple extrusion bronze process. A total of 57 lengths, each 295 m long, have been made and tested. We have made extensive tests on this conductor; these tests include critical current, ambient and 4.2 K mechanical property measurements, critical current as a function of tensile strain, and bending tolerance tests. The critical current density was found to be quite anisotropic in this conductor, with J c (12T) = 650A/mm2for field perpendicular to the conductor wide face, and J c (12T) = 500A/mm2for field parallel to the conductor wide face. These values are among the highest reported for a production lot of Nb 3 Sn conductor.

The approximate self-consistent molecular orbital method has been applied to the analysis of the vibrational spectrum of HCN. The frequencies of the fundamental, overtone, and combination bands in the region from about 700 to 12000 cm−1 have been calculated, and their absolute infrared absorption intensities have been estimated, the variational method being used in this calculation. Also, the frequencies and absorption intensities of hot bands, referring to the bending vibration, have been calculated. In comparison with the experimental results, the calculated frequencies were not always appropriate. However, it was found that these results are effective in the analysis of the molecular vibration if the calculated frequencies are discussed along with their infrared absorption intensities.

On the reaction of 5-, 6-, 7-, and 8-nitroquinoline with potassium cyanide in methanol solution, always two kinds of compound were obtained in a moderate yield. The one was o-methoxyquinoline-carbonitrile, in which the cyano group is introduced in ortho-position to the nitro group and then the nitro group is replaced by a methoxyl group, and the other was 1-aminosoxazoloquinoline, in which the nitro group was reduced to hydroxyamino group and this hydroxyamino group was cyclized to an isoxazole ring with the cyano group introduced at ortho-position of the original nitro group. However, in the reaction of 4-nitroquinoline, 4-methoxyquinoline was obtained as a sole product.

Role of membrane-bound heparin-binding epidermal growth factor-like growth factor (HB-EGF) in renal epithelial cell branching . Background The developing metanephros is characterized by growth and differentiation of the ureteric bud and the surrounding mesenchymal tissue. These processes can be influenced by several growth factors, including epidermal growth factor (EGF) and transforming growth factor-α (TGF-α). We examined whether another member of the EGF family of growth factors, heparin-binding epidermal growth factor (HB-EGF), might act as a morphogen in renal epithelial tubulogenesis. Methods Expression of HB-EGF mRNA and immunoreactive protein were examined in fetal, neonatal and adult rat kidneys. For in vitro studies of tubulogenesis, a rat renal epithelial cell line (NRK52E) stably transfected with proHB-EGF (NRK proHB-EGF ) was treated with TPA for 30 minutes, washed with 2 mol/L NaCl to remove soluble HB-EGF trapped by cell surface heparan sulfate proteoglycan and replated onto plastic dishes in the absence of fetal calf serum. In further experiments, NRK proHB-EGF were suspended in a type I collagen gel in serum-free media. Results Northern blot analysis indicated that HB-EGF was strongly expressed in embryonic rat kidney (embryonic days 18-20) and was still increased in the neonatal kidney (day 10), compared to the low basal levels in adult kidney. Immunohistochemical analysis confirmed that immunoreactive HB-EGF expression in the fetal rat kidney was localized predominantly to the ureteric bud. When NRK proHB-EGF were plated onto plastic substrata, they became progressively flattened and enlarged and exhibited filopoidia. By 10 hours after plating, NRK proHB-EGF began to migrate and subsequently developed cell-cell contact and fully established tubular-like structures. Immunoelectron microscopy revealed that the initial recovery of cellular proHB-EGF was localized predominantly to areas of cell-cell attachment. No tubule-like structures were observed in similarly treated NRK52E cells transfected with the vector alone. In collagen gels, NRK proHB-EGF developed short tubule-like structures in the absence of TPA treatment, but with simultaneous TPA treatment, longer and more arborized structures developed. MMP-1 mRNA and immunoreactive protein increased in the TPA-treated cells, suggesting that protein kinase C-mediated collagenase activity was important for the observed tubulogenesis. However, inhibition of EGF receptor tyrosine kinase with AG 1478 significantly blunted the TPA-induced tubulogenesis by NRK proHB-EGF grown in collagen gels. Conclusions These results indicate that membrane-bound HB-EGF can mediate both epithelial cell branching and cell motility. Localization of proHB-EGF to the site of cell-cell contact and development of tubule-like structures in collagen gels suggests that proHB-EGF may be an important morphogen for renal epithelial cells.