465 results on '"Maturilli, Marion"'
Search Results
2. Radiative Effect of Clouds at Ny-Ålesund, Svalbard, as Inferred from Ground-Based Remote Sensing Observations
- Author
-
Ebell, Kerstin, Nomokonova, Tatiana, Maturilli, Marion, and Ritter, Christoph
- Published
- 2020
3. Contrasting extremely warm and long-lasting cold air anomalies in the North Atlantic sector of the Arctic during the HALO-(AC)3 campaign.
- Author
-
Walbröl, Andreas, Michaelis, Janosch, Becker, Sebastian, Dorff, Henning, Ebell, Kerstin, Gorodetskaya, Irina, Heinold, Bernd, Kirbus, Benjamin, Lauer, Melanie, Maherndl, Nina, Maturilli, Marion, Mayer, Johanna, Müller, Hanno, Neggers, Roel A. J., Paulus, Fiona M., Röttenbacher, Johannes, Rückert, Janna E., Schirmacher, Imke, Slättberg, Nils, and Ehrlich, André
- Subjects
AIR masses ,ATMOSPHERIC acoustics ,WEATHER ,ATMOSPHERIC transport ,SEA ice ,CYCLONES - Abstract
How air masses transform during meridional transport into and out of the Arctic is not well represented by numerical models. The airborne field campaign HALO- (AC)3 applied the High Altitude and Long-range Research Aircraft (HALO) within the framework of the collaborative research project on Arctic amplification (AC)3 to address this question by providing a comprehensive observational basis. The campaign took place from 7 March to 12 April 2022 in the North Atlantic sector of the Arctic, a main gateway of atmospheric transport into and out of the Arctic. Here, we investigate to which degree the meteorological and sea ice conditions during the campaign align with the long-term climatology (1979–2022). For this purpose, we use the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) reanalysis v5 (ERA5), satellite data, and measurements at Ny-Ålesund, including atmospheric soundings. The observations and reanalysis data revealed two distinct periods with different weather conditions during HALO- (AC)3 : the campaign started with a warm period (11–20 March 2022) where strong southerly winds prevailed that caused poleward transport of warm and moist air masses, so-called moist and warm air intrusions (WAIs). Two WAI events were identified as atmospheric rivers (ARs), which are narrow bands of strong moisture transport. These warm and moist air masses caused the highest measured 2 m temperatures (5.5 °C) and daily precipitation rates (42 mm d -1) at Ny-Ålesund for March since the beginning of the record (1993). Over the sea ice northwest of Svalbard, ERA5 indicated record-breaking rainfall. After the passage of a strong cyclone on 21 March 2022, a cold period followed. Northerly winds advected cold air into the Fram Strait, causing marine cold air outbreaks (MCAOs) until the end of the campaign. This second phase included one of the longest MCAO events found in the ERA5 record (19 d). On average, the entire campaign period was warmer than the climatological mean due to the strong influence of the ARs. In the Fram Strait, the sea ice concentration was well within the climatological variability over the entire campaign duration. However, during the warm period, a large polynya opened northeast of Svalbard, untypical for this season. Compared to previous airborne field campaigns focusing on the evolution of (mixed-phase) clouds, a larger variety of MCAO conditions was observed during HALO- (AC)3. In summary, air mass transport into and out of the Arctic was more pronounced than usual, providing exciting prospects for studying air mass transformation using HALO- (AC)3. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Merged Observatory Data Files (MODFs): an integrated observational data product supporting process-oriented investigations and diagnostics.
- Author
-
Uttal, Taneil, Hartten, Leslie M., Khalsa, Siri Jodha, Casati, Barbara, Svensson, Gunilla, Day, Jonathan, Holt, Jareth, Akish, Elena, Morris, Sara, O'Connor, Ewan, Pirazzini, Roberta, Huang, Laura X., Crawford, Robert, Mariani, Zen, Godøy, Øystein, Tjernström, Johanna A. K., Prakash, Giri, Hickmon, Nicki, Maturilli, Marion, and Cox, Christopher J.
- Subjects
SCIENTIFIC expeditions ,OBSERVATORIES ,WEATHER forecasting ,DATA modeling ,INFORMATION measurement ,METADATA - Abstract
A large and ever-growing body of geophysical information is measured in campaigns and at specialized observatories as a part of scientific expeditions and experiments. These collections of observed data include many essential climate variables (as defined by the Global Climate Observing System) but are often distinguished by a wide range of additional non-routine measurements that are designed to not only document the state of the environment but also the drivers that contribute to that state. These field data are used not only to further understand environmental processes through observation-based studies but also to provide baseline data to test model performance and to codify understanding to improve predictive capabilities. To address the considerable barriers and difficulty in utilizing these diverse and complex data for observation–model research, the Merged Observatory Data File (MODF) concept has been developed. A MODF combines measurements from multiple instruments into a single file that complies with well-established data format and metadata practices and has been designed to parallel the development of corresponding Merged Model Data Files (MMDFs). Using the MODF and MMDF protocols will facilitate the evolution of model intercomparison projects into model intercomparison and improvement projects by putting observation and model data "on the same page" in a timely manner. The MODF concept was developed especially for weather forecast model studies in the Arctic. The surprisingly complex process of implementing MODFs in that context refined the concept itself. Thus, this article explains the concept of MODFs by providing details on the issues that were revealed and resolved during that first specific implementation. Detailed instructions are provided on how to make MODFs, and this article can be considered a MODF creation manual. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Special Observing Period (SOP) data for the Year of Polar Prediction site Model Intercomparison Project (YOPPsiteMIP).
- Author
-
Mariani, Zen, Morris, Sara M., Uttal, Taneil, Akish, Elena, Crawford, Robert, Huang, Laura, Day, Jonathan, Tjernström, Johanna, Godøy, Øystein, Ferrighi, Lara, Hartten, Leslie M., Holt, Jareth, Cox, Christopher J., O'Connor, Ewan, Pirazzini, Roberta, Maturilli, Marion, Prakash, Giri, Mather, James, Strong, Kimberly, and Fogal, Pierre
- Subjects
NUMERICAL weather forecasting ,FISHERIES ,RESOURCE exploitation ,METEOROLOGICAL instruments ,NAVIGATION - Abstract
The rapid changes occurring in the polar regions require an improved understanding of the processes that are driving these changes. At the same time, increased human activities such as marine navigation, resource exploitation, aviation, commercial fishing, and tourism require reliable and relevant weather information. One of the primary goals of the World Meteorological Organization's Year of Polar Prediction (YOPP) project is to improve the accuracy of numerical weather prediction (NWP) at high latitudes. During YOPP, two Canadian "supersites" were commissioned and equipped with new ground-based instruments for enhanced meteorological and system process observations. Additional pre-existing supersites in Canada, the United States, Norway, Finland, and Russia also provided data from ongoing long-term observing programs. These supersites collected a wealth of observations that are well suited to address YOPP objectives. In order to increase data useability and station interoperability, novel Merged Observatory Data Files (MODFs) were created for the seven supersites over two Special Observing Periods (February to March 2018 and July to September 2018). All observations collected at the supersites were compiled into this standardized NetCDF MODF format, simplifying the process of conducting pan-Arctic NWP verification and process evaluation studies. This paper describes the seven Arctic YOPP supersites, their instrumentation, data collection and processing methods, the novel MODF format, and examples of the observations contained therein. MODFs comprise the observational contribution to the model intercomparison effort, termed YOPP site Model Intercomparison Project (YOPPsiteMIP). All YOPPsiteMIP MODFs are publicly accessible via the YOPP Data Portal (Whitehorse: 10.21343/a33e-j150, Huang et al., 2023a; Iqaluit: 10.21343/yrnf-ck57, Huang et al., 2023b; Sodankylä: 10.21343/m16p-pq17, O'Connor, 2023; Utqiaġvik: 10.21343/a2dx-nq55, Akish and Morris, 2023c; Tiksi: 10.21343/5bwn-w881, Akish and Morris, 2023b; Ny-Ålesund: 10.21343/y89m-6393, Holt, 2023; and Eureka: 10.21343/r85j-tc61, Akish and Morris, 2023a), which is hosted by MET Norway, with corresponding output from NWP models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. THE ARCTIC CLOUD PUZZLE : Using ACLOUD/PASCAL Multiplatform Observations to Unravel the Role of Clouds and Aerosol Particles in Arctic Amplification
- Author
-
Wendisch, Manfred, Macke, Andreas, Ehrlich, André, Lüpkes, Christof, Mech, Mario, Chechin, Dmitry, Dethloff, Klaus, Velasco, Carola Barrientos, Bozem, Heiko, Brückner, Marlen, Clemen, Hans-Christian, Crewell, Susanne, Donth, Tobias, Dupuy, Regis, Ebell, Kerstin, Egerer, Ulrike, Engelmann, Ronny, Engler, Christa, Eppers, Oliver, Gehrmann, Martin, Gong, Xianda, Gottschalk, Matthias, Gourbeyre, Christophe, Griesche, Hannes, Hartmann, Jörg, Hartmann, Markus, Heinold, Bernd, Herber, Andreas, Herrmann, Hartmut, Heygster, Georg, Hoor, Peter, Jafariserajehlou, Soheila, Jäkel, Evelyn, Järvinen, Emma, Jourdan, Olivier, Kästner, Udo, Kecorius, Simonas, Knudsen, Erlend M., Köllner, Franziska, Kretzschmar, Jan, Lelli, Luca, Leroy, Delphine, Maturilli, Marion, Mei, Linlu, Mertes, Stephan, Mioche, Guillaume, Neuber, Roland, Nicolaus, Marcel, Nomokonova, Tatiana, Notholt, Justus, Palm, Mathias, van Pinxteren, Manuela, Quaas, Johannes, Richter, Philipp, Ruiz-Donoso, Elena, Schäfer, Michael, Schmieder, Katja, Schnaiter, Martin, Schneider, Johannes, Schwarzenböck, Alfons, Seifert, Patric, Shupe, Matthew D., Siebert, Holger, Spreen, Gunnar, Stapf, Johannes, Stratmann, Frank, Vogl, Teresa, Welti, André, Wex, Heike, Wiedensohler, Alfred, Zanatta, Marco, and Zeppenfeld, Sebastian
- Published
- 2019
7. Radiation balance diversity on NW Spitsbergen in 2010–2014
- Author
-
Kejna Marek, Maturilli Marion, Araźny Andrzej, and Sobota Ireneusz
- Subjects
Arctic ,Svalbard ,solar radiation ,albedo ,topoclimate ,Geology ,QE1-996.5 - Abstract
This article presents the results of observations of selected fluxes of the radiation balance in north-western Spitsbergen in the years from 2010 to 2014. Measurements were taken in Ny-Ålesund and in the area of Kaffiøyra, on different surface types occurring in the Polar zone: moraine, tundra, snow and ice. Substantial differences in the radiation balance among the various types of surface were observed. The observations carried out in the summer seasons of 2010–2014 in the area of Kaffiøyra demonstrated that the considerable reflection of solar radiation on the Waldemar Glacier (albedo 55%) resulted in a smaller solar energy net income. During the polar day, a diurnal course of the components of the radiation balance was apparently related to the solar elevation angle. When the sun was low over the horizon, the radiation balance became negative, especially on the glacier. Diurnal, annual and multi-annual variations in the radiation balance have a significant influence on the functioning of the environment in polar conditions.
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. Explicitly determined sea ice emissivity and emission temperature over the Arctic for surface‐sensitive microwave channels
- Author
-
Kang, Eui‐Jong, Sohn, Byung‐Ju, Tonboe, Rasmus Tage, Noh, Young‐Chan, Kwon, In‐Hyuk, Kim, Sang‐Woo, Maturilli, Marion, Kim, Hyun‐Cheol, Liu, Chao, Kang, Eui‐Jong, Sohn, Byung‐Ju, Tonboe, Rasmus Tage, Noh, Young‐Chan, Kwon, In‐Hyuk, Kim, Sang‐Woo, Maturilli, Marion, Kim, Hyun‐Cheol, and Liu, Chao
- Abstract
Data assimilation of satellite microwave measurements is one of the importantkeys to improving weather forecasting over the Arctic region. However, the useofsurface-sensitivemicrowave-soundingchannelmeasurementsfordataassim-ilation or retrieval has been limited, especially during winter, due to the poorlyconstrained sea ice emissivity. In this study, aiming at more use of those channelmeasurements in the data assimilation, we propose an explicit method for speci-fying the surface radiative boundary conditions (namely emissivity and emittinglayer temperature of snow and ice). These were explicitly determined with aradiativetransfermodelforsnowandiceandwithsnow/icephysicalparameters(i.e. snow/ice depths and vertical distributions of temperature, density, salinity,and grain size) simulated from the thermodynamically driven snow/ice growthmodel. We conducted 1D-Var experiments in order to examine whether thisapproach can help to use the surface-sensitive microwave temperature channelmeasurements over the Arctic sea ice region for data assimilation. Results showthat (1) the surface-sensitive microwave channels can be used in the 1D-Varretrieval, and (2) the specification of the radiative boundary condition at thesurface using the snow/sea ice emission model can significantly improve theatmospheric temperature retrieval, especially in the lower troposphere (500hPato surface). The successful retrieval suggests that useful information can beextracted from surface-sensitive microwave-sounding channel radiances oversea ice surfaces through the explicit determination of snow/ice emissivity andemitting layer temperature.
- Published
- 2023
9. INTERNATIONAL ARCTIC SYSTEMS FOR OBSERVING THE ATMOSPHERE : An International Polar Year Legacy Consortium
- Author
-
Uttal, Taneil, Starkweather, Sandra, Drummond, James R., Vihma, Timo, Makshtas, Alexander P., Darby, Lisa S., Burkhart, John F., Cox, Christopher J., Schmeisser, Lauren N., Haiden, Thomas, Maturilli, Marion, Shupe, Matthew D., de Boer, Gijs, Saha, Auromeet, Grachev, Andrey A., Crepinsek, Sara M., Bruhwiler, Lori, Goodison, Barry, McArthur, Bruce, Walden, Von P., Dlugokencky, Edward J., Persson, P. Ola G., Lesins, Glen, Laurila, Tuomas, Ogren, John A., Stone, Robert, Long, Charles N., Sharma, Sangeeta, Massling, Andreas, Turner, David D., Stanitski, Diane M., Asmi, Eija, Aurela, Mika, Skov, Henrik, Eleftheriadis, Konstantinos, Virkkula, Aki, Platt, Andrew, Førland, Eirik J., Iijima, Yoshihiro, Nielsen, Ingeborg E., Bergin, Michael H., Candlish, Lauren, Zimov, Nikita S., Zimov, Sergey A., O’Neill, Norman T., Fogal, Pierre F., Kivi, Rigel, Konopleva-Akish, Elena A., Verlinde, Johannes, Kustov, Vasily Y., Vasel, Brian, Ivakhov, Viktor M., Viisanen, Yrjö, and Intrieri, Janet M.
- Published
- 2016
10. Annual cycle of aerosol properties over the central Arctic during MOSAiC 2019–2020 – light-extinction, CCN, and INP levels from the boundary layer to the tropopause.
- Author
-
Ansmann, Albert, Ohneiser, Kevin, Engelmann, Ronny, Radenz, Martin, Griesche, Hannes, Hofer, Julian, Althausen, Dietrich, Creamean, Jessie M., Boyer, Matthew C., Knopf, Daniel A., Dahlke, Sandro, Maturilli, Marion, Gebauer, Henriette, Bühl, Johannes, Jimenez, Cristofer, Seifert, Patric, and Wandinger, Ulla
- Subjects
TROPOSPHERIC aerosols ,ATMOSPHERIC boundary layer ,AEROSOLS ,CLOUD condensation nuclei ,TROPOPAUSE ,CLIMATE research - Abstract
The MOSAiC (Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate) expedition was the largest Arctic field campaign ever conducted. MOSAiC offered the unique opportunity to monitor and characterize aerosols and clouds with high vertical resolution up to 30 km height at latitudes from 80 to 90 ∘ N over an entire year (October 2019 to September 2020). Without a clear knowledge of the complex aerosol layering, vertical structures, and dominant aerosol types and their impact on cloud formation, a full understanding of the meteorological processes in the Arctic, and thus advanced climate change research, is impossible. Widespread ground-based in situ observations in the Arctic are insufficient to provide these required aerosol and cloud data. In this article, a summary of our MOSAiC observations of tropospheric aerosol profiles with a state-of-the-art multiwavelength polarization Raman lidar aboard the icebreaker Polarstern is presented. Particle optical properties, i.e., light-extinction profiles and aerosol optical thickness (AOT), and estimates of cloud-relevant aerosol properties such as the number concentration of cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) and ice-nucleating particles (INPs) are discussed, separately for the lowest part of the troposphere (atmospheric boundary layer, ABL), within the lower free troposphere (around 2000 m height), and at the cirrus level close to the tropopause. In situ observations of the particle number concentration and INPs aboard Polarstern are included in the study. A strong decrease in the aerosol amount with height in winter and moderate vertical variations in summer were observed in terms of the particle extinction coefficient. The 532 nm light-extinction values dropped from >50 Mm -1 close to the surface to <5 Mm -1 at 4–6 km height in the winter months. Lofted, aged wildfire smoke layers caused a re-increase in the aerosol concentration towards the tropopause. In summer (June to August 2020), much lower particle extinction coefficients, frequently as low as 1–5 Mm -1 , were observed in the ABL. Aerosol removal, controlled by in-cloud and below-cloud scavenging processes (widely suppressed in winter and very efficient in summer) in the lowermost 1–2 km of the atmosphere, seems to be the main reason for the strong differences between winter and summer aerosol conditions. A complete annual cycle of the AOT in the central Arctic could be measured. This is a valuable addition to the summertime observations with the sun photometers of the Arctic Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET). In line with the pronounced annual cycle in the aerosol optical properties, typical CCN number concentrations (0.2 % supersaturation level) ranged from 50–500 cm -3 in winter to 10–100 cm -3 in summer in the ABL. In the lower free troposphere (at 2000 m), however, the CCN level was roughly constant throughout the year, with values mostly from 30 to 100 cm -3. A strong contrast between winter and summer was also given in terms of ABL INPs which control ice production in low-level clouds. While soil dust (from surrounding continents) is probably the main INP type during the autumn, winter, and spring months, local sea spray aerosol (with a biogenic aerosol component) seems to dominate the ice nucleation in the ABL during the summer months (June–August). The strong winter vs. summer contrast in the INP number concentration by roughly 2–3 orders of magnitude in the lower troposphere is, however, mainly caused by the strong cloud temperature contrast. A unique event of the MOSAiC expedition was the occurrence of a long-lasting wildfire smoke layer in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere. Our observations suggest that the smoke particles frequently triggered cirrus formation close to the tropopause from October 2019 to May 2020. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. Conditions favorable for secondary ice production in Arctic mixed-phase clouds
- Author
-
Pasquier, Julie Thérèse, primary, Henneberger, Jan, additional, Ramelli, Fabiola, additional, Lauber, Annika, additional, David, Robert Oscar, additional, Wieder, Jörg, additional, Carlsen, Tim, additional, Gierens, Rosa, additional, Maturilli, Marion, additional, and Lohmann, Ulrike, additional
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
12. Arctic warming, moisture increase and circulation changes observed in the Ny-Ålesund homogenized radiosonde record
- Author
-
Maturilli, Marion and Kayser, Markus
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
13. Aerosol Investigation During the Arctic Haze Season of 2018: Optical and Microphysical Properties
- Author
-
Nakoudi Konstantina, Böckmann Christine, Ritter Christoph, Pefanis Vasileios, Maturilli Marion, Bracher Astrid, and Neuber Roland
- Subjects
Physics ,QC1-999 - Abstract
In this work, optical and microphysical properties of Arctic aerosol as well as their radiative impact are investigated. Air-borne Lidar observations along with ground-based measurements are evaluated for the Arctic Haze season of 2018. Aerosol abundance as inferred from particle backscatter was typical for this period of the year, with nearly spherical and large particles. The inversion of microphysical properties yielded high Refractive Index (RI) together with low Single-Scattering Albedo (SSA), suggesting absorbing particles. A fitted lognormal volume distribution revealed a fine mode with effective radius (reff) of μm and a coarse mode with reff=0.75 μm. The total radiative balance on ground was positive (12 Wm-2).
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
14. Impact on predictability of tropical and mid-latitude cyclones by extra Arctic observations
- Author
-
Sato, Kazutoshi, Inoue, Jun, Yamazaki, Akira, Kim, Joo-Hong, Makshtas, Alexander, Kustov, Vasilli, Maturilli, Marion, and Dethloff, Klaus
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
15. Case study of a moisture intrusion over the Arctic with the ICOsahedral Non-hydrostatic (ICON) model: resolution dependence of its representation
- Author
-
Bresson, Hélène, Rinke, Annette, Mech, Mario, Reinert, Daniel, Schemann, Vera, Ebell, Kerstin, Maturilli, Marion, Viceto, Carolina, Gorodetskaya, Irina, Crewell, Susanne, Bresson, Hélène, Rinke, Annette, Mech, Mario, Reinert, Daniel, Schemann, Vera, Ebell, Kerstin, Maturilli, Marion, Viceto, Carolina, Gorodetskaya, Irina, and Crewell, Susanne
- Abstract
The Arctic is warming faster than the global average and any other region of a similar size. One important factor in this is the poleward atmospheric transport of heat and moisture, which contributes directly to the surface and air warming. In this case study, the atmospheric circulation and spatio-temporal structure of a moisture intrusion event is assessed, which occurred from 5 to 7 June 2017 over the Nordic seas during an intensive measurement campaign over Svalbard. This analysis focuses on high-spatial-resolution simulations with the ICON (ICOsahedral Non-hydrostatic) model which is put in context with coarser-resolution runs as well the ERA5 reanalysis. A variety of observations including passive microwave satellite measurements is used for evaluation. The global operational ICON forecasts from the Deutscher Wetterdienst (DWD) at 13 km horizontal resolution are used to drive high-resolution Limited-Area Mode (LAM) ICON simulations over the Arctic with 6 and 3 km horizontal resolutions. The results show the skilful capacity of the ICON-LAM model to represent the observed spatio-temporal structure of the selected moisture intrusion event and its signature in the temperature, humidity and wind profiles, and surface radiation. In several aspects, the high-resolution simulations offer a higher accuracy than the global simulations and the ERA5 reanalysis when evaluated against observations. One feature where the high-resolution simulations demonstrated an advanced skill is the representation of the changing vertical structure of specific humidity and wind associated with the moisture intrusion passing Ny-Ålesund (western Svalbard); the humidity increase at 1–2 km height topped by a dry layer and the development of a low-level wind jet are best represented by the 3 km simulation. The study also demonstrates that such moisture intrusions can have a strong impact on the radiative and turbulent heat fluxes at the surface. A drastic decrease in downward shortwave radiat
- Published
- 2022
16. Overview of the MOSAiC expedition - Atmosphere
- Author
-
Shupe, Matthew D., Rex, Markus, Blomquist, Byron, Persson, P. Ola G., Schmale, Julia, Uttal, Taneil, Althausen, Dietrich, Angot, Hélène, Archer, Stephen, Bariteau, Ludovic, Beck, Ivo, Bilberry, John, Bucci, Silvia, Buck, Clifton, Boyer, Matt, Brasseur, Zoé, Brooks, Ian M., Calmer, Radiance, Cassano, John, Castro, Vagner, Chu, David, Costa, David, Cox, Christopher J., Creamean, Jessie, Crewell, Susanne, Dahlke, Sandro, Damm, Ellen, de Boer, Gijs, Deckelmann, Holger, Dethloff, Klaus, Dütsch, Marina, Ebell, Kerstin, Ehrlich, André, Ellis, Jody, Engelmann, Ronny, Fong, Allison A., Frey, Markus M., Gallagher, Michael R., Ganzeveld, Laurens, Gradinger, Rolf, Graeser, Jürgen, Greenamyer, Vernon, Griesche, Hannes, Griffiths, Steele, Hamilton, Jonathan, Heinemann, Günther, Helmig, Detlev, Herber, Andreas, Heuzé, Céline, Hofer, Julian, Houchens, Todd, Howard, Dean, Inoue, Jun, Jacobi, Hans-Werner, Jaiser, Ralf, Jokinen, Tuija, Jourdan, Olivier, Jozef, Gina, King, Wessley, Kirchgaessner, Amelie, Klingebiel, Marcus, Krassovski, Misha, Krumpen, Thomas, Lampert, Astrid, Landing, William, Laurila, Tiia, Lawrence, Dale, Lonardi, Michael, Loose, Brice, Lüpkes, Christof, Maahn, Maximilian, Macke, Andreas, Maslowski, Wieslaw, Marsay, Christopher, Maturilli, Marion, Mech, Mario, Morris, Sara, Moser, Manuel, Nicolaus, Marcel, Ortega, Paul, Osborn, Jackson, Pätzold, Falk, Perovich, Donald K., Petäjä, Tuukka, Pilz, Christian, Pirazzini, Roberta, Posman, Kevin, Powers, Heath, Pratt, Kerri A., Preußer, Andreas, Quéléver, Lauriane, Radenz, Martin, Rabe, Benjamin, Rinke, Annette, Sachs, Torsten, Schulz, Alexander, Siebert, Holger, Silva, Tercio, Solomon, Amy, Sommerfeld, Anja, Spreen, Gunnar, Stephens, Mark, Stohl, Andreas, Svensson, Gunilla, Uin, Janek, Viegas, Juarez, Voigt, Christiane, von der Gathen, Peter, Wehner, Birgit, Welker, Jeffrey M., Wendisch, Manfred, Werner, Martin, Xie, ZhouQing, Yue, Fange, Shupe, Matthew D., Rex, Markus, Blomquist, Byron, Persson, P. Ola G., Schmale, Julia, Uttal, Taneil, Althausen, Dietrich, Angot, Hélène, Archer, Stephen, Bariteau, Ludovic, Beck, Ivo, Bilberry, John, Bucci, Silvia, Buck, Clifton, Boyer, Matt, Brasseur, Zoé, Brooks, Ian M., Calmer, Radiance, Cassano, John, Castro, Vagner, Chu, David, Costa, David, Cox, Christopher J., Creamean, Jessie, Crewell, Susanne, Dahlke, Sandro, Damm, Ellen, de Boer, Gijs, Deckelmann, Holger, Dethloff, Klaus, Dütsch, Marina, Ebell, Kerstin, Ehrlich, André, Ellis, Jody, Engelmann, Ronny, Fong, Allison A., Frey, Markus M., Gallagher, Michael R., Ganzeveld, Laurens, Gradinger, Rolf, Graeser, Jürgen, Greenamyer, Vernon, Griesche, Hannes, Griffiths, Steele, Hamilton, Jonathan, Heinemann, Günther, Helmig, Detlev, Herber, Andreas, Heuzé, Céline, Hofer, Julian, Houchens, Todd, Howard, Dean, Inoue, Jun, Jacobi, Hans-Werner, Jaiser, Ralf, Jokinen, Tuija, Jourdan, Olivier, Jozef, Gina, King, Wessley, Kirchgaessner, Amelie, Klingebiel, Marcus, Krassovski, Misha, Krumpen, Thomas, Lampert, Astrid, Landing, William, Laurila, Tiia, Lawrence, Dale, Lonardi, Michael, Loose, Brice, Lüpkes, Christof, Maahn, Maximilian, Macke, Andreas, Maslowski, Wieslaw, Marsay, Christopher, Maturilli, Marion, Mech, Mario, Morris, Sara, Moser, Manuel, Nicolaus, Marcel, Ortega, Paul, Osborn, Jackson, Pätzold, Falk, Perovich, Donald K., Petäjä, Tuukka, Pilz, Christian, Pirazzini, Roberta, Posman, Kevin, Powers, Heath, Pratt, Kerri A., Preußer, Andreas, Quéléver, Lauriane, Radenz, Martin, Rabe, Benjamin, Rinke, Annette, Sachs, Torsten, Schulz, Alexander, Siebert, Holger, Silva, Tercio, Solomon, Amy, Sommerfeld, Anja, Spreen, Gunnar, Stephens, Mark, Stohl, Andreas, Svensson, Gunilla, Uin, Janek, Viegas, Juarez, Voigt, Christiane, von der Gathen, Peter, Wehner, Birgit, Welker, Jeffrey M., Wendisch, Manfred, Werner, Martin, Xie, ZhouQing, and Yue, Fange
- Abstract
With the Arctic rapidly changing, the needs to observe, understand, and model the changes are essential. To support these needs, an annual cycle of observations of atmospheric properties, processes, and interactions were made while drifting with the sea ice across the central Arctic during the Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate (MOSAiC) expedition from October 2019 to September 2020. An international team designed and implemented the comprehensive program to document and characterize all aspects of the Arctic atmospheric system in unprecedented detail, using a variety of approaches, and across multiple scales. These measurements were coordinated with other observational teams to explore cross-cutting and coupled interactions with the Arctic Ocean, sea ice, and ecosystem through a variety of physical and biogeochemical processes. This overview outlines the breadth and complexity of the atmospheric research program, which was organized into 4 subgroups: atmospheric state, clouds and precipitation, gases and aerosols, and energy budgets. Atmospheric variability over the annual cycle revealed important influences from a persistent large-scale winter circulation pattern, leading to some storms with pressure and winds that were outside the interquartile range of past conditions suggested by long-term reanalysis. Similarly, the MOSAiC location was warmer and wetter in summer than the reanalysis climatology, in part due to its close proximity to the sea ice edge. The comprehensiveness of the observational program for characterizing and analyzing atmospheric phenomena is demonstrated via a winter case study examining air mass transitions and a summer case study examining vertical atmospheric evolution. Overall, the MOSAiC atmospheric program successfully met its objectives and was the most comprehensive atmospheric measurement program to date conducted over the Arctic sea ice. The obtained data will support a broad range of coupled-system
- Published
- 2022
17. Cold Air Outbreaks in Fram Strait: Climatology, Trends, and Observations During an Extreme Season in 2020
- Author
-
Dahlke, Sandro, Solbès, Amélie, Maturilli, Marion, Dahlke, Sandro, Solbès, Amélie, and Maturilli, Marion
- Abstract
Fram Strait in the northern North Atlantic is a key region for marine cold air outbreaks (MCAOs), southward discharges of polar air under northerly air flow, which have a strong impact on air-sea heat fluxes, boundary layer processes and severe weather. This study investigates climatologies and decadal trends of Fram Strait MCAOs of different intensity classes based on the ERA5 reanalysis product for 1979–2020. Among striking interannual variability, it is shown that the main MCAO season is December through March, when MCAOs occur around 2/3 of the time. We report on significant decadal MCAO decreases in December and January, and a significant increase in March. While the mid-winter decrease is mainly related to the different paces of warming between the surface and the lower atmosphere, the increase in March can be related to changes in synoptic circulation patterns. As an explanation for the latter, a possible feedback between retreating Barents Sea sea ice, enhanced cyclonic activity and Fram Strait MCAOs is postulated. Exemplifying the trend toward stronger MCAOs during March, the study details the recordbreaking MCAO season in early 2020, and an observational case study of an extreme MCAO event in March 2020 is conducted. Thereby, radiosonde observations are combined with kinematic air back-trajectories to provide rare observational evidence for the diabatic cooling and drying during the MCAO preconditioning phase.
- Published
- 2022
18. The foehn effect during easterly flow over Svalbard
- Author
-
Shestakova, Anna, Chechin, Dmitry, Lüpkes, Christof, Hartmann, Jörg, Maturilli, Marion, Shestakova, Anna, Chechin, Dmitry, Lüpkes, Christof, Hartmann, Jörg, and Maturilli, Marion
- Abstract
This article presents a comprehensive analysis of the foehn episode which occurred over Svalbard on 30–31 May 2017. This episode is well documented by multiplatform measurements carried out during the Arctic CLoud Observations Using airborne measurements during polar Day (ACLOUD) and Physical feedbacks of Arctic PBL, Sea ice, Cloud And AerosoL (PASCAL) campaigns. Both orographic wind modification and foehn warming are considered here. The latter is found to be primarily produced by the isentropic drawdown, which is evident from observations and mesoscale numerical modeling. The structure of the observed foehn warming was in many aspects very similar to that for foehns over the Antarctic Peninsula. In particular, it is found that the warming was proportional to the height of the mountain ridges and propagated far downstream. Also, a strong spatial heterogeneity of the foehn warming was observed with a clear cold footprint associated with gap flows along the mountain valleys and fjords. On the downstream side, a shallow stably stratified boundary layer below a well-mixed layer formed over the snow-covered land and cold open water. The foehn warming downwind of Svalbard strengthened the north–south horizontal temperature gradient across the ice edge near the northern tip of Svalbard. This suggests that the associated baroclinicity might have strengthened the observed northern tip jet. A positive daytime radiative budget on the surface, increased by the foehn clearance, along with the downward sensible heat flux provoked accelerated snowmelt in the mountain valleys in Ny-Ålesund and Adventdalen, which suggests a potentially large effect of the frequently observed Svalbard foehns on the snow cover and the glacier heat and mass balance.
- Published
- 2022
19. Atmospheric rivers and associated precipitation patterns during the ACLOUD/PASCAL campaigns near Svalbard (May-June 2017): case studies using observations, reanalyses, and a regional climate model
- Author
-
Viceto, Carolina, Gorodetskaya, Irina, Rinke, Annette, Maturilli, Marion, Rocha, Alfredo, Crewell, Susanne, Viceto, Carolina, Gorodetskaya, Irina, Rinke, Annette, Maturilli, Marion, Rocha, Alfredo, and Crewell, Susanne
- Abstract
Recently, a significant increase in the atmospheric moisture content has been documented over the Arctic, where both local contributions and poleward moisture transport from lower latitudes can play a role. This study focuses on the anomalous moisture transport events confined to long and narrow corridors, known as atmospheric rivers (ARs), which are expected to have a strong influence on Arctic moisture amounts, precipitation, and the energy budget. During two concerted intensive measurement campaigns – Arctic CLoud Observations Using airborne measurements during polar Day (ACLOUD) and the Physical feedbacks of Arctic planetary boundary layer, Sea ice, Cloud and AerosoL (PASCAL) – that took place at and near Svalbard, three high-water-vapour-transport events were identified as ARs, based on two tracking algorithms: the 30 May event, the 6 June event, and the 9 June 2017 event. We explore the temporal and spatial evolution of the events identified as ARs and the associated precipitation patterns in detail using measurements from the French (Polar Institute Paul Emile Victor) and German (Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research) Arctic Research Base (AWIPEV) in Ny-Ålesund, satellite-borne measurements, several reanalysis products (the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) Re-Analysis (ERA) Interim (ERA-Interim); the ERA5 reanalysis; the Modern-Era Retrospective analysis for Research and Applications, version 2 (MERRA-2); the Climate Forecast System version 2 (CFSv2); and the Japanese 55-Year Reanalysis (JRA-55)), and the HIRHAM regional climate model version 5 (HIRHAM5). Results show that the tracking algorithms detected the events differently, which is partly due to differences in the spatial and temporal resolution as well as differences in the criteria used in the tracking algorithms. The first event extended from western Siberia to Svalbard, caused mixed-phase precipitation, and was associated with a retreat of the sea-ice edge.
- Published
- 2022
20. Cloud observations
- Author
-
Fujiwara, Masatomo, Reale, Anthony, Sun, Bomin, Calbet, Xavier, Maturilli, Marion, Demoz, Belay, Sakai, Ricardo, Lam, David, Edwards, David, Madonna, Fabio, Cimini, Domenico, Dupont, Jean-Charles, Iwabuchi, Masami, Kivi, Rigel, Carminati, Fabien, Gardiner, Tom, Sommer, Michael, Simeonov, Tzvetan, Wang, Junhong, Thorne, Peter, Fujiwara, Masatomo, Reale, Anthony, Sun, Bomin, Calbet, Xavier, Maturilli, Marion, Demoz, Belay, Sakai, Ricardo, Lam, David, Edwards, David, Madonna, Fabio, Cimini, Domenico, Dupont, Jean-Charles, Iwabuchi, Masami, Kivi, Rigel, Carminati, Fabien, Gardiner, Tom, Sommer, Michael, Simeonov, Tzvetan, Wang, Junhong, and Thorne, Peter
- Published
- 2022
21. Atmospheric rivers and associated precipitation patterns during the ACLOUD and PASCAL campaigns near Svalbard (May-June 2017): case studies using observations, reanalyses, and a regional climate model
- Author
-
Viceto, Carolina, Gorodetskaya, Irina V., Rinke, Annette, Maturilli, Marion, Rocha, Alfredo, Crewell, Susanne, Viceto, Carolina, Gorodetskaya, Irina V., Rinke, Annette, Maturilli, Marion, Rocha, Alfredo, and Crewell, Susanne
- Abstract
Recently, a significant increase in the atmospheric moisture content has been documented over the Arctic, where both local contributions and poleward moisture transport from lower latitudes can play a role. This study focuses on the anomalous moisture transport events confined to long and narrow corridors, known as atmospheric rivers (ARs), which are expected to have a strong influence on Arctic moisture amounts, precipitation, and the energy budget. During two concerted intensive measurement campaigns - Arctic CLoud Observations Using airborne measurements during polar Day (ACLOUD) and the Physical feedbacks of Arctic planetary boundary layer, Sea ice, Cloud and AerosoL (PASCAL) - that took place at and near Svalbard, three high-water-vapour-transport events were identified as ARs, based on two tracking algorithms: the 30 May event, the 6 June event, and the 9 June 2017 event. We explore the temporal and spatial evolution of the events identified as ARs and the associated precipitation patterns in detail using measurements from the French (Polar Institute Paul Emile Victor) and German (Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research) Arctic Research Base (AWIPEV) in Ny-angstrom lesund, satellite-borne measurements, several reanalysis products (the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) Re-Analysis (ERA) Interim (ERA-Interim); the ERA5 reanalysis; the Modern-Era Retrospective analysis for Research and Applications, version 2 (MERRA-2); the Climate Forecast System version 2 (CFSv2); and the Japanese 55-Year Reanalysis (JRA-55)), and the HIRHAM regional climate model version 5 (HIRHAM5). Results show that the tracking algorithms detected the events differently, which is partly due to differences in the spatial and temporal resolution as well as differences in the criteria used in the tracking algorithms. The first event extended from western Siberia to Svalbard, caused mixed-phase precipitation, and was associated with a retreat of the sea-i
- Published
- 2022
22. Overview of the MOSAiC expedition-Atmosphere INTRODUCTION
- Author
-
Shupe, Matthew D., Rex, Markus, Blomquist, Byron, Persson, P. Ola G., Schmale, Julia, Uttal, Taneil, Althausen, Dietrich, Angot, Helene, Archer, Stephen, Bariteau, Ludovic, Beck, Ivo, Bilberry, John, Bucci, Silvia, Buck, Clifton, Boyer, Matt, Brasseur, Zoe, Brooks, Ian M., Calmer, Radiance, Cassano, John, Castro, Vagner, Chu, David, Costa, David, Cox, Christopher J., Creamean, Jessie, Crewell, Susanne, Dahlke, Sandro, Damm, Ellen, de Boer, Gijs, Deckelmann, Holger, Dethloff, Klaus, Duetsch, Marina, Ebell, Kerstin, Ehrlich, Andre, Ellis, Jody, Engelmann, Ronny, Fong, Allison A., Frey, Markus M., Gallagher, Michael R., Ganzeveld, Laurens, Gradinger, Rolf, Graeser, Juergen, Greenamyer, Vernon, Griesche, Hannes, Griffiths, Steele, Hamilton, Jonathan, Heinemann, Guenther, Helmig, Detlev, Herber, Andreas, Heuze, Celine, Hofer, Julian, Houchens, Todd, Howard, Dean, Inoue, Jun, Jacobi, Hans-Werner, Jaiser, Ralf, Jokinen, Tuija, Jourdan, Olivier, Jozef, Gina, King, Wessley, Kirchgaessner, Amelie, Klingebiel, Marcus, Krassovski, Misha, Krumpen, Thomas, Lampert, Astrid, Landing, William, Laurila, Tiia, Lawrence, Dale, Lonardi, Michael, Loose, Brice, Luepkes, Christof, Maahn, Maximilian, Macke, Andreas, Maslowski, Wieslaw, Marsay, Christopher, Maturilli, Marion, Mech, Mario, Morris, Sara, Moser, Manuel, Nicolaus, Marcel, Ortega, Paul, Osborn, Jackson, Paetzold, Falk, Perovich, Donald K., Petaja, Tuukka, Pilz, Christian, Pirazzini, Roberta, Posman, Kevin, Powers, Heath, Pratt, Kerri A., Preusser, Andreas, Quelever, Lauriane, Radenz, Martin, Rabe, Benjamin, Rinke, Annette, Sachs, Torsten, Schulz, Alexander, Siebert, Holger, Silva, Tercio, Solomon, Amy, Sommerfeld, Anja, Spreen, Gunnar, Stephens, Mark, Stohl, Andreas, Svensson, Gunilla, Uin, Janek, Viegas, Juarez, Voigt, Christiane, von der Gathen, Peter, Wehner, Birgit, Welker, Jeffrey M., Wendisch, Manfred, Werner, Martin, Xie, ZhouQing, Yue, Fange, Shupe, Matthew D., Rex, Markus, Blomquist, Byron, Persson, P. Ola G., Schmale, Julia, Uttal, Taneil, Althausen, Dietrich, Angot, Helene, Archer, Stephen, Bariteau, Ludovic, Beck, Ivo, Bilberry, John, Bucci, Silvia, Buck, Clifton, Boyer, Matt, Brasseur, Zoe, Brooks, Ian M., Calmer, Radiance, Cassano, John, Castro, Vagner, Chu, David, Costa, David, Cox, Christopher J., Creamean, Jessie, Crewell, Susanne, Dahlke, Sandro, Damm, Ellen, de Boer, Gijs, Deckelmann, Holger, Dethloff, Klaus, Duetsch, Marina, Ebell, Kerstin, Ehrlich, Andre, Ellis, Jody, Engelmann, Ronny, Fong, Allison A., Frey, Markus M., Gallagher, Michael R., Ganzeveld, Laurens, Gradinger, Rolf, Graeser, Juergen, Greenamyer, Vernon, Griesche, Hannes, Griffiths, Steele, Hamilton, Jonathan, Heinemann, Guenther, Helmig, Detlev, Herber, Andreas, Heuze, Celine, Hofer, Julian, Houchens, Todd, Howard, Dean, Inoue, Jun, Jacobi, Hans-Werner, Jaiser, Ralf, Jokinen, Tuija, Jourdan, Olivier, Jozef, Gina, King, Wessley, Kirchgaessner, Amelie, Klingebiel, Marcus, Krassovski, Misha, Krumpen, Thomas, Lampert, Astrid, Landing, William, Laurila, Tiia, Lawrence, Dale, Lonardi, Michael, Loose, Brice, Luepkes, Christof, Maahn, Maximilian, Macke, Andreas, Maslowski, Wieslaw, Marsay, Christopher, Maturilli, Marion, Mech, Mario, Morris, Sara, Moser, Manuel, Nicolaus, Marcel, Ortega, Paul, Osborn, Jackson, Paetzold, Falk, Perovich, Donald K., Petaja, Tuukka, Pilz, Christian, Pirazzini, Roberta, Posman, Kevin, Powers, Heath, Pratt, Kerri A., Preusser, Andreas, Quelever, Lauriane, Radenz, Martin, Rabe, Benjamin, Rinke, Annette, Sachs, Torsten, Schulz, Alexander, Siebert, Holger, Silva, Tercio, Solomon, Amy, Sommerfeld, Anja, Spreen, Gunnar, Stephens, Mark, Stohl, Andreas, Svensson, Gunilla, Uin, Janek, Viegas, Juarez, Voigt, Christiane, von der Gathen, Peter, Wehner, Birgit, Welker, Jeffrey M., Wendisch, Manfred, Werner, Martin, Xie, ZhouQing, and Yue, Fange
- Abstract
With the Arctic rapidly changing, the needs to observe, understand, and model the changes are essential. To support these needs, an annual cycle of observations of atmospheric properties, processes, and interactions were made while drifting with the sea ice across the central Arctic during the Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate (MOSAiC) expedition from October 2019 to September 2020. An international team designed and implemented the comprehensive program to document and characterize all aspects of the Arctic atmospheric system in unprecedented detail, using a variety of approaches, and across multiple scales. These measurements were coordinated with other observational teams to explore crosscutting and coupled interactions with the Arctic Ocean, sea ice, and ecosystem through a variety of physical and biogeochemical processes. This overview outlines the breadth and complexity of the atmospheric research program, which was organized into 4 subgroups: atmospheric state, clouds and precipitation, gases and aerosols, and energy budgets. Atmospheric variability over the annual cycle revealed important influences from a persistent large-scale winter circulation pattern, leading to some storms with pressure and winds that were outside the interquartile range of past conditions suggested by long-term reanalysis. Similarly, the MOSAiC location was warmer and wetter in summer than the reanalysis climatology, in part due to its close proximity to the sea ice edge. The comprehensiveness of the observational program for characterizing and analyzing atmospheric phenomena is demonstrated via a winter case study examining air mass transitions and a summer case study examining vertical atmospheric evolution. Overall, the MOSAiC atmospheric program successfully met its objectives and was the most comprehensive atmospheric measurement program to date conducted over the Arctic sea ice. The obtained data will support a broad range of coupled-system s
- Published
- 2022
23. Conditions favorable for secondary ice production in Arctic mixed-phase clouds
- Author
-
Pasquier, Julie Therese, Henneberger, Jan, Ramelli, Fabiola, Lauber, Annika, David, Robert Oscar, Wieder, Joerg, Carlsen, Tim, Gierens, Rosa, Maturilli, Marion, Lohmann, Ulrike, Pasquier, Julie Therese, Henneberger, Jan, Ramelli, Fabiola, Lauber, Annika, David, Robert Oscar, Wieder, Joerg, Carlsen, Tim, Gierens, Rosa, Maturilli, Marion, and Lohmann, Ulrike
- Abstract
The Arctic is very susceptible to climate change and thus is warming much faster than the rest of the world. Clouds influence terrestrial and solar radiative fluxes and thereby impact the amplified Arctic warming. The partitioning of thermodynamic phases (i.e., ice crystals and water droplets) within mixed-phase clouds (MPCs) especially influences their radiative properties. However, the processes responsible for ice crystal formation remain only partially characterized. In particular, so-called secondary ice production (SIP) processes, which create supplementary ice crystals from primary ice crystals and the environmental conditions that they occur in, are poorly understood. The microphysical properties of Arctic MPCs were measured during the Ny-& Aring;lesund AeroSol Cloud ExperimENT (NASCENT) campaign to obtain a better understanding of the atmospheric conditions favorable for the occurrence of SIP processes. To this aim, the in situ cloud microphysical properties retrieved by a holographic cloud imager mounted on a tethered balloon system were complemented by ground-based remote sensing and ice-nucleating particle measurements. During the 6 d investigated in this study, SIP occurred during about 40 % of the in-cloud measurements, and high SIP events with number concentrations larger than 10 L-1 of small pristine ice crystals occurred in 4 % of the in-cloud measurements. This demonstrates the role of SIP for Arctic MPCs. The highest concentrations of small pristine ice crystals were produced at temperatures between -5 and -3 ?C and were related to the occurrence of supercooled large droplets freezing upon collision with ice crystals. This suggests that a large fraction of ice crystals in Arctic MPCs are produced via the droplet-shattering mechanism. From evaluating the ice crystal images, we could identify ice-ice collision as a second SIP mechanism that dominated when fragile ice crystals were observed. Moreover, SIP occurred over a large temperature range and w
- Published
- 2022
24. Environmental conditions in the North Atlantic sector of the Arctic during the HALO–(AC)³ campaign.
- Author
-
Walbröl, Andreas, Michaelis, Janosch, Becker, Sebastian, Dorff, Henning, Gorodetskaya, Irina, Kirbus, Benjamin, Lauer, Melanie, Maherndl, Nina, Maturilli, Marion, Mayer, Johanna, Müller, Hanno, Neggers, Roel A. J., Paulus, Fiona M., Röttenbacher, Johannes, Rückert, Janna E., Schirmacher, Imke, Slättberg, Nils, Ehrlich, André, Wendisch, Manfred, and Crewell, Susanne
- Abstract
The airborne field campaign HALO–(AC)³ took place from 07 March to 12 April 2022 and was designed to observe the transformation of air masses during their meridional transport in the North Atlantic sector of the Arctic. We evaluate the meteorological and sea ice conditions during the campaign based on the European Centre for Medium–Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) Reanalysis v5 (ERA5), satellite data, and atmospheric soundings with respect to climatology and describe special synoptic events. HALO–(AC)³ started with a warm period (11–20 March) where strong southerly winds prevailed that caused moist and warm air intrusions (MWAIs). Two MWAIs were detected as Atmospheric Rivers (ARs). Compared to the ERA5 climatology (1979–2022), record breaking vertically integrated poleward heat and moisture fluxes averaged over 75.0–81.5° N were found. The related warm and moist air masses reached the central Arctic, causing the highest rainfall rates over the sea ice northwest of Svalbard recorded since the beginning of the ERA5 climatology. Subsequently, the cold period of HALO–(AC)³ started after the passage of a Shapiro–Keyser cyclone on 21 March when the wind regime turned to northerlies, advecting colder air into the Fram Strait. Until 08 April, marine cold air outbreaks (MCAOs) prevailed, including two strong MCAO events on 21–26 March and 01–02 April. In between, aged subpolar warm air was advected to the Fram Strait with northeasterly and easterly winds. On average, the campaign period was warmer than the climatology, especially due to the exceptionally strong ARs during the warm period. In the Fram Strait, the sea ice concentration (SIC) was within the 10–90
th percentiles of the climatology over the entire campaign duration. During the warm period, SIC was strongly reduced and an untypically large polynya for this season opened north of Svalbard. During the cold period, the polynya was closed again and above average SICs were found. We describe the environmental conditions of a Polar Low and far north reaching cirrus in detail, which will be subjects of research using HALO’s remote sensing suite in the future. We also present the perspective on the HALO–(AC)³ weather conditions from the research site Ny–Ålesund, where orographic effects caused by the Svalbard archipelago and temporal shifts of atmospheric signals due to the propagation of synoptic systems must be taken into account. Overall, our study may serve as basis for future analyses of the data collected during HALO–(AC)³ and to compare synoptic conditions with other field campaigns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. Surface radiation climatology for Ny-Ålesund, Svalbard (78.9° N), basic observations for trend detection
- Author
-
Maturilli, Marion, Herber, Andreas, and König-Langlo, Gert
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. The foehn effect during easterly flow over Svalbard
- Author
-
Shestakova, Anna A., primary, Chechin, Dmitry G., additional, Lüpkes, Christof, additional, Hartmann, Jörg, additional, and Maturilli, Marion, additional
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. In situ sounding of radiative flux profiles through the Arctic lower troposphere
- Author
-
Becker, Ralf, Maturilli, Marion, Philipona, Rolf, Behrens, Klaus, Deutscher Wetterdienst, Meteorologisches Observatorium Lindenberg, Tauche, Germany, Helmholtz-Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Alfred Wegener Institute, Potsdam, Germany, and Federal Office of Meteorology and Climatology MeteoSuisse, Chemin de l’Aerologie, Payerne, Switzerland
- Subjects
Albedo ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,Radiative cooling ,0208 environmental biotechnology ,02 engineering and technology ,Atmospheric sciences ,01 natural sciences ,Troposphere ,Radiative flux ,Arctic ,Altitude ,Clouds ,Radiative transfer ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,General Environmental Science ,Atmosphere ,Longwave ,020801 environmental engineering ,ddc:551.5 ,Overcast ,13. Climate action ,General Earth and Planetary Sciences ,Environmental science ,Heating rates ,In-situ profiling - Abstract
In situ profiles and fixed-altitude time series of all four components of net radiation were obtained at Ny-Ålesund, Svalbard (78.9° N, 11.9° E), in the period May 04–21, 2015. Measurements were performed using adapted high-quality instrumentation classified as “secondary standard” carried by a tethered balloon system. Balloon-lifted measurements of albedo under clear-sky conditions demonstrate the local dependence on altitude and on the surface inhomogeneity of this parameter over coastal terrain of Ny-Ålesund. Depending on the surface composition within the sensor’s footprint near the coastline, the albedo over predominantly snow-covered surfaces was found to decrease to 0.548 and 0.452 at 494 m and 881 m altitude compared with 0.731 and 0.788 measured with near-surface references, respectively. Albedo profiles show an all-sky maximum at 150 m above surface level due to local surface inhomogeneity, and an averaged vertical change rate of − 0.040/100 up to 750 m aboveground level (clear sky) and − 0.034/100 m (overcast). Profiling of arctic low-level clouds reveals distinct vertical gradients in all radiative fluxes but longwave upward at the cloud top. Observed radiative cooling at the top of a partly dissolving stratus cloud with heating rates of − 40.4 to − 62.1 Kd−1 in subsequent observations is exemplified., Bundesrepublik Deutschland, Deutscher Wetterdienst, vertreten durch den Vorstand, Deutsche Meteorologische Bibliothek (4242)
- Published
- 2020
28. Overview of the MOSAiC expedition: Atmosphere
- Author
-
Shupe, Matthew, Rex, Markus, Blomquist, Byron, Ola, P, Persson, G, Schmale, Julia, Uttal, Taneil, Althausen, Dietrich, Lè Ne Angot, Hé, Archer, Stephen, Bariteau, Ludovic, Beck, Ivo, Bilberry, John, Bucci, Silvia, Buck, Clifton, Boyer, Matt, Brasseur, Zoé, Brooks, Ian, Cassano, John, Castro, Vagner, Chu, David, Costa, David, Cox, Christopher, Creamean, Jessie, Crewell, Susanne, Dahlke, Sandro, Damm, Ellen, de Boer, Gijs, Deckelmann, Holger, Dethloff, Klaus, Dütsch, Marina, Ebell, Kerstin, Ehrlich, André, Ellis, Jody, Engelmann, Ronny, Fong, Allison, Frey, Markus, Gallagher, Michael, Ganzeveld, Laurens, Gradinger, Rolf, Graeser, Jürgen, Greenamyer, Vernon, Griesche, Hannes, Griffiths, Steele, Hamilton, Jonathan, Heinemann, Günther, Helmig, Detlev, Herber, Andreas, Line Heuzé, Cé, Hofer, Julian, Houchens, Todd, Inoue, Jun, Jacobi, Hans-Werner, Jaiser, Ralf, Jokinen, Tuija, Jourdan, Olivier, King, Wessley, Kirchgaessner, Amelie, Klingebiel, Marcus, Krassovski, Misha, Krumpen, Thomas, Lampert, Astrid, Landing, William, Laurila, Tiia, Lawrence, Dale, Lonardi, Michael, Loose, Brice, Lüpkes, Christof, Maahn, Maximilian, Macke, Andreas, Maslowski, Wieslaw, Marsay, Christopher, Maturilli, Marion, Mech, Mario, Morris, Sara, Moser, Manuel, Nicolaus, Marcel, Ortega, Paul, Osborn, Jackson, Pätzold, Falk, Perovich, Donald, Petäjä, Tuukka, Pilz, Christian, Pirazzini, Roberta, Posman, Kevin, Powers, Heath, Pratt, Kerri, Preusser, Andreas, Qué Lé Ver, Lauriane, Radenz, Martin, Rabe, Benjamin, Rinke, Annette, Sachs, Torsten, Schulz, Alexander, Siebert, Holger, Silva, Tercio, Solomon, Amy, Sommerfeld, Anja, Spreen, Gunnar, Stephens, Mark, Stohl, Andreas, Svensson, Gunilla, Uin, Janek, Viegas, Juarez, Voigt, Christiane, von Der Gathen, Peter, Wehner, Birgit, Welker, Jeffrey, Wendisch, Manfred, Werner, Martin, Xie, Zhouqing, Yue, Fange, Jourdan, Olivier, Laboratoire de Météorologie Physique (LaMP), and Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
- Subjects
[SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere ,Arctic ,Field campaign ,Atmosphere ,[SDU.OCEAN] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere - Abstract
International audience; With the Arctic rapidly changing, the needs to observe, understand, and model the changes are essential. To support these needs, an annual cycle of observations of atmospheric properties, processes, and interactions were made while drifting with the sea ice across the central Arctic during the Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate (MOSAiC) expedition from October 2019 to September 2020. An international team designed and implemented the comprehensive program to document and characterize all aspects of the Arctic atmospheric system in unprecedented detail, using a variety of approaches, and across multiple scales. These measurements were coordinated with other observational teams to explore crosscutting and coupled interactions with the Arctic Ocean, sea ice, and ecosystem through a variety of physical and biogeochemical processes. This overview outlines the breadth and complexity of the atmospheric research program, which was organized into 4 subgroups: atmospheric state, clouds and precipitation, gases and aerosols, and energy budgets. Atmospheric variability over the annual cycle revealed important influences from a persistent large-scale winter circulation pattern, leading to some storms with pressure and winds that were outside the interquartile range of past conditions suggested by long-term reanalysis. Similarly, the MOSAiC location was warmer and wetter in summer than the reanalysis climatology, in part due to its close proximity to the sea ice edge.The comprehensiveness of the observational program for characterizing and analyzing atmospheric phenomena is demonstrated via a winter case study examining air mass transitions and a summer case study examining vertical atmospheric evolution. Overall, the MOSAiC atmospheric program successfully met its objectives and was the most comprehensive atmospheric measurement program to date conducted over the Arctic sea ice. The obtained data will support a broad range of coupled-system scientific research and provide an important foundation for advancing multiscale modeling capabilities in the Arctic.
- Published
- 2022
29. Atmospheric rivers and associated precipitation patterns during the ACLOUD and PASCAL campaigns near Svalbard (May–June 2017): case studies using observations, reanalyses, and a regional climate model
- Author
-
Viceto, Carolina, primary, Gorodetskaya, Irina V., additional, Rinke, Annette, additional, Maturilli, Marion, additional, Rocha, Alfredo, additional, and Crewell, Susanne, additional
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. Case study of a moisture intrusion over the Arctic with the ICOsahedral Non-hydrostatic (ICON) model: resolution dependence of its representation
- Author
-
Bresson, Hélène, primary, Rinke, Annette, additional, Mech, Mario, additional, Reinert, Daniel, additional, Schemann, Vera, additional, Ebell, Kerstin, additional, Maturilli, Marion, additional, Viceto, Carolina, additional, Gorodetskaya, Irina, additional, and Crewell, Susanne, additional
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. The unexpected smoke layer in the High Arctic winter stratosphere during MOSAiC 2019–2020
- Author
-
Ohneiser, Kevin, primary, Ansmann, Albert, additional, Chudnovsky, Alexandra, additional, Engelmann, Ronny, additional, Ritter, Christoph, additional, Veselovskii, Igor, additional, Baars, Holger, additional, Gebauer, Henriette, additional, Griesche, Hannes, additional, Radenz, Martin, additional, Hofer, Julian, additional, Althausen, Dietrich, additional, Dahlke, Sandro, additional, and Maturilli, Marion, additional
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. Wildfire smoke, Arctic haze, and aerosol effects on mixed-phase and cirrus clouds over the North Pole region during MOSAiC: an introduction
- Author
-
Engelmann, Ronny, primary, Ansmann, Albert, additional, Ohneiser, Kevin, additional, Griesche, Hannes, additional, Radenz, Martin, additional, Hofer, Julian, additional, Althausen, Dietrich, additional, Dahlke, Sandro, additional, Maturilli, Marion, additional, Veselovskii, Igor, additional, Jimenez, Cristofer, additional, Wiesen, Robert, additional, Baars, Holger, additional, Bühl, Johannes, additional, Gebauer, Henriette, additional, Haarig, Moritz, additional, Seifert, Patric, additional, Wandinger, Ulla, additional, and Macke, Andreas, additional
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. Review of multiple-payload radiosonde sounding configurations for determining best-practice guidance for GRUAN sites
- Author
-
Jauhiainen, Hannu, Fujiwara, Masatomo, Philipona, Rolf, Dirksen, Ruud, Hurst, Dale F., Kivi, Rigel, Vömel, Holger, Demoz, Belay, Kizu, Nobuhiko, Oakley, Tim, Shimizu, Kensaku, Maturilli, Marion, Leblanc, Thierry, Madonna, Fabio, and Querel, Richard
- Abstract
Various rigging configurations for multiple-payload radiosonde soundings have been used when characterizing different radiosonde instruments, when changing the radiosonde model at operational radiosonde sites or when flying specially developed scientific sensors together with a radiosonde. This paper describes such rigging configurations currently in use at sites of the Global Climate Observing System (GCOS) Reference Upper Air Network (GRUAN) or having been used during recent international radiosonde intercomparison campaigns. The advantages and potential issues for each configuration are discussed in detail. Though it is difficult to provide one single recommendation for all conditions, the paper aims at providing all the key information relevant to the multiple-payload configurations towards the future determination of the best-practice guidance for GRUAN and other sites.
- Published
- 2019
34. GNSS-based water vapor estimation and validation during the MOSAiC expedition
- Author
-
Männel, Benjamin, primary, Zus, Florian, additional, Dick, Galina, additional, Glaser, Susanne, additional, Semmling, Maximilian, additional, Balidakis, Kyriakos, additional, Wickert, Jens, additional, Maturilli, Marion, additional, Dahlke, Sandro, additional, and Schuh, Harald, additional
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. Application of cloud particle sensor sondes for estimating the number concentration of cloud water droplets and liquid water content: case studies in the Arctic region
- Author
-
Inoue, Jun, primary, Tobo, Yutaka, additional, Sato, Kazutoshi, additional, Taketani, Fumikazu, additional, and Maturilli, Marion, additional
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. A systematic assessment of water vapor products in the Arctic: from instantaneous measurements to monthly means
- Author
-
Crewell, Susanne, primary, Ebell, Kerstin, additional, Konjari, Patrick, additional, Mech, Mario, additional, Nomokonova, Tatiana, additional, Radovan, Ana, additional, Strack, David, additional, Triana-Gómez, Arantxa M., additional, Noël, Stefan, additional, Scarlat, Raul, additional, Spreen, Gunnar, additional, Maturilli, Marion, additional, Rinke, Annette, additional, Gorodetskaya, Irina, additional, Viceto, Carolina, additional, August, Thomas, additional, and Schröder, Marc, additional
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. The unexpected smoke layer in the High Arctic winter stratosphere during MOSAiC 2019–2020
- Author
-
Ohneiser, Kevin, Ansmann, Albert, Chudnovsky, Alexandra, Engelmann, Ronny, Ritter, Christoph, Veselovskii, Igor, Baars, Holger, Gebauer, Henriette, Griesche, Hannes, Radenz, Martin, Hofer, Julian, Althausen, Dietrich, Dahlke, Sandro, Maturilli, Marion, Ohneiser, Kevin, Ansmann, Albert, Chudnovsky, Alexandra, Engelmann, Ronny, Ritter, Christoph, Veselovskii, Igor, Baars, Holger, Gebauer, Henriette, Griesche, Hannes, Radenz, Martin, Hofer, Julian, Althausen, Dietrich, Dahlke, Sandro, and Maturilli, Marion
- Abstract
During the 1-year MOSAiC (Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate) expedition, the German icebreaker Polarstern drifted through Arctic Ocean ice from October 2019 to May 2020, mainly at latitudes between 85 and 88.5∘ N. A multiwavelength polarization Raman lidar was operated on board the research vessel and continuously monitored aerosol and cloud layers up to a height of 30 km. During our mission, we expected to observe a thin residual volcanic aerosol layer in the stratosphere, originating from the Raikoke volcanic eruption in June 2019, with an aerosol optical thickness (AOT) of 0.005–0.01 at 500 nm over the North Pole area during the winter season. However, the highlight of our measurements was the detection of a persistent, 10 km deep aerosol layer in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UTLS), from about 7–8 to 17–18 km height, with clear and unambiguous wildfire smoke signatures up to 12 km and an order of magnitude higher AOT of around 0.1 in the autumn of 2019. Case studies are presented to explain the specific optical fingerprints of aged wildfire smoke in detail. The pronounced aerosol layer was present throughout the winter half-year until the strong polar vortex began to collapse in late April 2020. We hypothesize that the detected smoke originated from extraordinarily intense and long-lasting wildfires in central and eastern Siberia in July and August 2019 and may have reached the tropopause layer by the self-lifting process. In this article, we summarize the main findings of our 7-month smoke observations and characterize the aerosol in terms of geometrical, optical, and microphysical properties. The UTLS AOT at 532 nm ranged from 0.05–0.12 in October–November 2019 and 0.03–0.06 during the main winter season. The Raikoke aerosol fraction was estimated to always be lower than 15 %. We assume that the volcanic aerosol was above the smoke layer (above 13 km height). As an unambiguous sign of the dominance of smoke
- Published
- 2021
38. GNSS-based water vapor estimation and validation during the MOSAiC expedition
- Author
-
Männel, Benjamin, Zus, Florian, Dick, Galina, Glaser, Susanne, Semmling, Maximilian, Balidakis, Kyriakos, Wickert, Jens, Maturilli, Marion, Dahlke, Sandro, Schuh, Harald, Männel, Benjamin, Zus, Florian, Dick, Galina, Glaser, Susanne, Semmling, Maximilian, Balidakis, Kyriakos, Wickert, Jens, Maturilli, Marion, Dahlke, Sandro, and Schuh, Harald
- Abstract
Within the transpolar drifting expedition MOSAiC (Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate), the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) was used among other techniques to monitor variations in atmospheric water vapor. Based on 15 months of continuously tracked GNSS data including GPS, GLONASS and Galileo, epoch-wise coordinates and hourly zenith total delays (ZTDs) were determined using a kinematic precise point positioning (PPP) approach. The derived ZTD values agree to 1.1 ± 0.2 mm (root mean square (rms) of the differences 10.2 mm) with the numerical weather data of ECMWF's latest reanalysis, ERA5, computed for the derived ship's locations. This level of agreement is also confirmed by comparing the on-board estimates with ZTDs derived for terrestrial GNSS stations in Bremerhaven and Ny-Ålesund and for the radio telescopes observing very long baseline interferometry in Ny-Ålesund. Preliminary estimates of integrated water vapor derived from frequently launched radiosondes are used to assess the GNSS-derived integrated water vapor estimates. The overall difference of 0.08 ± 0.04 kg m−2 (rms of the differences 1.47 kg m−2) demonstrates a good agreement between GNSS and radiosonde data. Finally, the water vapor variations associated with two warm-air intrusion events in April 2020 are assessed.
- Published
- 2021
39. A systematic assessment of water vapor products in the Arctic: from instantaneous measurements to monthly means
- Author
-
Crewell, Susanne, Ebell, Kerstin, Konjari, Patrick, Mech, Mario, Nomokonova, Tatiana, Radovan, Ana, Strack, David, Triana-Gomez, Arantxa M., Noël, Stephan, Scarlat, Raul, Spreen, Gunnar, Maturilli, Marion, Rinke, Annette, Gorodetskaya, Irina, Viceto, Carolina, August, Thomas, Schröder, Marc, Crewell, Susanne, Ebell, Kerstin, Konjari, Patrick, Mech, Mario, Nomokonova, Tatiana, Radovan, Ana, Strack, David, Triana-Gomez, Arantxa M., Noël, Stephan, Scarlat, Raul, Spreen, Gunnar, Maturilli, Marion, Rinke, Annette, Gorodetskaya, Irina, Viceto, Carolina, August, Thomas, and Schröder, Marc
- Abstract
Water vapor is an important component in the water and energy cycle of the Arctic. Especially in light of Arctic amplification, changes in water vapor are of high interest but are difficult to observe due to the data sparsity of the region. The ACLOUD/PASCAL campaigns performed in May/June 2017 in the Arctic North Atlantic sector offers the opportunity to investigate the quality of various satellite and reanalysis products. Compared to reference measurements at R/V Polarstern frozen into the ice (around 82∘ N, 10∘ E) and at Ny-Ålesund, the integrated water vapor (IWV) from Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) L2PPFv6 shows the best performance among all satellite products. Using all radiosonde stations within the region indicates some differences that might relate to different radiosonde types used. Atmospheric river events can cause rapid IWV changes by more than a factor of 2 in the Arctic. Despite the relatively dense sampling by polar-orbiting satellites, daily means can deviate by up to 50 % due to strong spatio-temporal IWV variability. For monthly mean values, this weather-induced variability cancels out, but systematic differences dominate, which particularly appear over different surface types, e.g., ocean and sea ice. In the data-sparse central Arctic north of 84∘ N, strong differences of 30 % in IWV monthly means between satellite products occur in the month of June, which likely result from the difficulties in considering the complex and changing surface characteristics of the melting ice within the retrieval algorithms. There is hope that the detailed surface characterization performed as part of the recently finished Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate (MOSAiC) will foster the improvement of future retrieval algorithms.
- Published
- 2021
40. Wildfire smoke, Arctic haze, and aerosol effects on mixed-phase and cirrus clouds over the North Pole region during MOSAiC: an introduction
- Author
-
Engelmann, Ronny, Ansmann, Albert, Ohneiser, Kevin, Griesche, Hannes, Radenz, Martin, Julian, Hofer, Althausen, Dietrich, Dahlke, Sandro, Maturilli, Marion, Veselovskii, Igor, Jimenez, Cristofer, Wiesen, Robert, Baars, Holger, Bühl, Johannes, Gebauer, Henriette, Haarig, Moritz, Seifert, Patric, Wandinger, Ulla, Mackensen, Andreas, Engelmann, Ronny, Ansmann, Albert, Ohneiser, Kevin, Griesche, Hannes, Radenz, Martin, Julian, Hofer, Althausen, Dietrich, Dahlke, Sandro, Maturilli, Marion, Veselovskii, Igor, Jimenez, Cristofer, Wiesen, Robert, Baars, Holger, Bühl, Johannes, Gebauer, Henriette, Haarig, Moritz, Seifert, Patric, Wandinger, Ulla, and Mackensen, Andreas
- Abstract
An advanced multiwavelength polarization Raman lidar was operated aboard the icebreaker Polarstern during the MOSAiC (Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate) expedition to continuously monitor aerosol and cloud layers in the central Arctic up to 30 km height. The expedition lasted from September 2019 to October 2020 and measurements were mostly taken between 85 and 88.5∘ N. The lidar was integrated into a complex remote-sensing infrastructure aboard the Polarstern. In this article, novel lidar techniques, innovative concepts to study aerosol–cloud interaction in the Arctic, and unique MOSAiC findings will be presented. The highlight of the lidar measurements was the detection of a 10 km deep wildfire smoke layer over the North Pole region between 7–8 km and 17–18 km height with an aerosol optical thickness (AOT) at 532 nm of around 0.1 (in October–November 2019) and 0.05 from December to March. The dual-wavelength Raman lidar technique allowed us to unambiguously identify smoke as the dominating aerosol type in the aerosol layer in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UTLS). An additional contribution to the 532 nm AOT by volcanic sulfate aerosol (Raikoke eruption) was estimated to always be lower than 15 %. The optical and microphysical properties of the UTLS smoke layer are presented in an accompanying paper (Ohneiser et al., 2021). This smoke event offered the unique opportunity to study the influence of organic aerosol particles (serving as ice-nucleating particles, INPs) on cirrus formation in the upper troposphere. An example of a closure study is presented to explain our concept of investigating aerosol–cloud interaction in this field. The smoke particles were obviously able to control the evolution of the cirrus system and caused low ice crystal number concentration. After the discussion of two typical Arctic haze events, we present a case study of the evolution of a long-lasting mixed-phase cloud layer embedded in Ar
- Published
- 2021
41. Application of cloud particle sensor sondes for estimating the number concentration of cloud water droplets and liquid water content: case studies in the Arctic region
- Author
-
Inoue, Jun, Tobo, Yutaka, Sato, Kazutoshi, Fumikazu, Taketani, Maturilli, Marion, Inoue, Jun, Tobo, Yutaka, Sato, Kazutoshi, Fumikazu, Taketani, and Maturilli, Marion
- Abstract
A cloud particle sensor (CPS) sonde is an observing system attached with a radiosonde sensor to observe the vertical structure of cloud properties. The signals obtained from CPS sondes are related to the phase, size, and number of cloud particles. The system offers economic advantages including human resource and simple operation costs compared with aircraft measurements and land-/satellite-based remote sensing. However, the observed information should be appropriately corrected because of several uncertainties. Here we made field experiments in the Arctic region by launching approximately 40 CPS sondes between 2018 and 2020. Using these data sets, a better practical correction method was proposed to exclude unreliable data, estimate the effective cloud water droplet radius, and determine a correction factor for the total cloud particle count. We apply this method to data obtained in October 2019 over the Arctic Ocean and March 2020 at Ny-Ålesund, Svalbard, Norway, to compare with a particle counter aboard a tethered balloon and liquid water content retrieved by a microwave radiometer. The estimated total particle count and liquid water content from the CPS sondes generally agree with those data. Although further development and validation of CPS sondes based on dedicated laboratory experiments would be required, the practical correction approach proposed here would offer better advantages in retrieving quantitative information on the vertical distribution of cloud microphysics under the condition of a lower number concentration.
- Published
- 2021
42. Mixed layer depth and its control on spring bloom dynamics in Kongsfjorden, Svalbard
- Author
-
Hoppe, Clara, Wolf, Klara, Cottier, Finlo, Leu, Eva, Maturilli, Marion, Rost, Björn, Hoppe, Clara, Wolf, Klara, Cottier, Finlo, Leu, Eva, Maturilli, Marion, and Rost, Björn
- Published
- 2021
43. The uncertainty of UTCI due to uncertainties in the determination of radiation fluxes derived from measured and observed meteorological data
- Author
-
Weihs, Philipp, Staiger, Henning, Tinz, Birger, Batchvarova, Ekaterina, Rieder, Harald, Vuilleumier, Laurent, Maturilli, Marion, and Jendritzky, Gerd
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. Long-term monitoring of landfast sea ice extent and thickness in Kongsfjorden, and related applications
- Author
-
Gerland, Sebastian, Pavlova, Olga, Divine, Dimitry, Negrel, Jean, Dahlke, Sandro, Johansson, A Malin, Maturilli, Marion, and Semmling, Maximilian
- Subjects
Svalbard ,climate change ,fast ice ,time series ,Kongsfjorden ,sea ice - Abstract
This is chapter 6 of the State of Environmental Science in Svalbard (SESS) report 2019 (https://sios-svalbard.org/SESS_Issue2). Landfast sea ice (ice anchored to the shore) covers the inner parts of Kongsfjorden, Svalbard, in winter and spring, and is an important feature for the physical and biological fjord systems. Systematic fast-ice monitoring for Kongsfjorden, as a part of a long-term project at the Norwegian Polar Institute (NPI), started in 2003. It includes ice extent mapping and in situ measurements of ice and snow thickness. The permanent presence of NPI staff at Ny-Ålesund Research Station enables regular in situ fast-ice thickness measurements as long as the fast ice is accessible. In addition, daily visits to the observatory on the mountain Zeppelinfjellet close to Ny-Ålesund allow regular ice observations (weather, visibility, and daylight permitting). Monitoring of the sea ice conditions in Kongsfjorden can be used to demonstrate and investigate phenomena related to climate change in the Arctic. Fjord ice begins to form in the inner part of Kongsfjorden between December and March. After that the ice grows in thickness and extent, and then decreases until it melts or breaks off and drifts out of the fjord between April and June. Before 2006, ice often stretched from the interior to the central fjord parts, but in later years the ice has mainly been restricted to the inner fjord. Moreover, the ice was usually at least 0.6 m thick, in contrast to recent years with thickness often only about 0.2 m. The snow cover thickness on the ice in spring has also decreased, which can be partly explained by shorter fast ice seasons. The reason for less ice in Kongsfjorden after 2006 is considered to be a combination of the influence of warmer water and higher air temperatures in winter. This monitoring has contributed to a number of process and validation studies, for example to improve satellite remote sensing techniques and the understanding of atmosphere–ice–ocean interaction.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. Project SynopSys: Exploiting Synoptic Events during MOSAiC to enable improved Forecast Reliability in the coupled Troposphere-Stratosphere System
- Author
-
Jaiser, Ralf, Handorf, Dörthe, Weber, Mark, Rozanov, Alexej, Bresson, Hélène, Maturilli, Marion, Rinke, Annette, Majewski, Detlev, Cress, Alexander, Burrows, John Philip, Jaiser, Ralf, Handorf, Dörthe, Weber, Mark, Rozanov, Alexej, Bresson, Hélène, Maturilli, Marion, Rinke, Annette, Majewski, Detlev, Cress, Alexander, and Burrows, John Philip
- Abstract
SynopSys plans to exploits routine meteorological weather observations from the MOSAiC expedition, remote sensing data products, and meteorological forecast data to detect and characterize synoptic events in the Arctic and evaluate their influence on mid-latitudes. We implement a diagnostic framework that will advance our knowledge on dynamical processes in the coupled troposphere-stratosphere system. Our approach is based on the reciprocal analysis of observations and models. A particular focus lies in the evaluation of enhanced predictive capability through a synergistic and unique set of measurements in the Arctic and a better representation of physical processes in weather forecast models. As well documented, the Arctic region is undergoing rapid change in a warming climate. This has many implications for mid-latitude climate and consequently on the future social, economic, and political development in both regions. Improving weather forecast taking into account the coupling of the Artic and mid-latitudes is thus essential.
- Published
- 2020
46. The influence of water vapor anomalies on clouds and their radiative effect at Ny-Alesund
- Author
-
Nomokonova, Tatiana, Ebell, Kerstin, Loehnert, Ulrich, Maturilli, Marion, Ritter, Christoph, Nomokonova, Tatiana, Ebell, Kerstin, Loehnert, Ulrich, Maturilli, Marion, and Ritter, Christoph
- Abstract
The occurrence of events with increased and decreased integrated water vapor (IWV) at the Arctic site Ny-Alesund, their relation to cloud properties, and the surface cloud radiative effect (CRE) is investigated. For this study, we used almost 2.5 years (from June 2016 to October 2018) of ground-based cloud observations processed with the Cloudnet algorithm, IWV from a microwave radiometer (MWR), long-term radiosonde observations, and backward trajectories FLEXTRA. Moist and dry anomalies were found to be associated with North Atlantic flows and air transport within the Arctic region, respectively. The amount of water vapor is often correlated to cloud occurrence, presence of cloud liquid water, and liquid water path (LWP) and ice water path (IWP). In turn, changes in the cloud properties cause differences in surface CRE. During dry anomalies, in autumn, winter, and spring, the mean net surface CRE was lower by 2-37 W M-2 with respect to normal conditions, while in summer the cloud-related surface cooling was reduced by 49 W m(-2). In contrast, under moist conditions in summer the mean net surface CRE becomes more negative by 25 W m(-2), while in other seasons the mean net surface CRE was increased by 5-37 W m(-2). Trends in the occurrence of dry and moist anomalies were analyzed based on a 25-year radiosonde database. Dry anomalies have become less frequent, with rates for different seasons ranging from -12.8 % per decade to -4 % per decade, while the occurrence of moist events has increased at rates from 2.8 % per decade to 6.4 % per decade.
- Published
- 2020
47. Low-level mixed-phase clouds in a complex Arctic environment
- Author
-
Gierens, Rosa, Kneifel, Stefan, Shupe, Matthew D., Ebell, Kerstin, Maturilli, Marion, Loehnert, Ulrich, Gierens, Rosa, Kneifel, Stefan, Shupe, Matthew D., Ebell, Kerstin, Maturilli, Marion, and Loehnert, Ulrich
- Abstract
Low-level mixed-phase clouds (MPCs) are common in the Arctic. Both local and large-scale phenomena influence the properties and lifetime of MPCs. Arctic fjords are characterized by complex terrain and large variations in surface properties. Yet, not many studies have investigated the impact of local boundary layer dynamics and their relative importance on MPCs in the fjord environment. In this work, we used a combination of ground-based remote sensing instruments, surface meteorological observations, radiosoundings, and reanalysis data to study persistent low-level MPCs at Ny-Alesund, Svalbard, for a 2.5-year period. Methods to identify the cloud regime, surface coupling, and regional and local wind patterns were developed. We found that persistent low-level MPCs were most common with westerly winds, and the westerly clouds had a higher mean liquid (42 g m(-2)) and ice water path (16 g m(-2)) compared to those with easterly winds. The increased height and rarity of persistent MPCs with easterly free-tropospheric winds suggest the island and its orography have an influence on the studied clouds. Seasonal variation in the liquid water path was found to be minimal, although the occurrence of persistent MPCs, their height, and their ice water path all showed notable seasonal dependency. Most of the studied MPCs were decoupled from the surface (63 %-82 % of the time). The coupled clouds had 41 % higher liquid water path than the fully decoupled ones. Local winds in the fjord were related to the frequency of surface coupling, and we propose that katabatic winds from the glaciers in the vicinity of the station may cause clouds to decouple. We concluded that while the regional to large-scale wind direction was important for the persistent MPC occurrence and properties, the local-scale phenomena (local wind patterns in the fjord and surface coupling) also had an influence. Moreover, this suggests that local boundary layer processes should be described in models in order to p
- Published
- 2020
48. Near complete local reduction of Arctic stratospheric ozone by severe chemical loss in spring 2020
- Author
-
Wohltmann, Ingo, von der Gathen, Peter, Lehmann, Ralph, Maturilli, Marion, Deckelmann, Holger, Manney, G. L., Davies, J., Tarasick, D., Jepsen, N., Kivi, R., Lyall, N., Rex, Markus, Wohltmann, Ingo, von der Gathen, Peter, Lehmann, Ralph, Maturilli, Marion, Deckelmann, Holger, Manney, G. L., Davies, J., Tarasick, D., Jepsen, N., Kivi, R., Lyall, N., and Rex, Markus
- Abstract
In the Antarctic ozone hole, ozone mixing ratios have been decreasing to extremely low values of 0.01–0.1 ppm in nearly all spring seasons since the late 1980s, corresponding to 95–99% local chemical loss. In contrast, Arctic ozone loss has been much more limited and mixing ratios have never before fallen below 0.5 ppm. In Arctic spring 2020, however, ozonesonde measurements in the most depleted parts of the polar vortex show a highly depleted layer, with ozone loss averaged over sondes peaking at 93% at 18 km. Typical minimum mixing ratios of 0.2 ppm were observed, with individual profiles showing values as low as 0.13 ppm (96% loss). The reason for the unprecedented chemical loss was an unusually strong, long-lasting, and cold polar vortex, showing that for individual winters the effect of the slow decline of ozone-depleting substances on ozone depletion may be counteracted by low temperatures.
- Published
- 2020
49. Does the Intra-Arctic Modification of Long-Range Transported Aerosol Affect the Local Radiative Budget? (A Case Study)
- Author
-
Nakoudi, Konstantina, Ritter, Christoph, Böckmann, Christine, Kunkel, Daniel, Eppers, Oliver, Rozanov, Vladimir, Mei, Linlu, Pefanis, Vasileios, Jäkel, Evelyn, Herber, Andreas, Maturilli, Marion, Neuber, Roland, Nakoudi, Konstantina, Ritter, Christoph, Böckmann, Christine, Kunkel, Daniel, Eppers, Oliver, Rozanov, Vladimir, Mei, Linlu, Pefanis, Vasileios, Jäkel, Evelyn, Herber, Andreas, Maturilli, Marion, and Neuber, Roland
- Abstract
The impact of aerosol spatio-temporal variability on the Arctic radiative budget is not fully constrained. This case study focuses on the intra-Arctic modification of long-range transported aerosol and its direct aerosol radiative effect (ARE). Different types of air-borne and ground-based remote sensing observations (from Lidar and sun-photometer) revealed a high tropospheric aerosol transport episode over two parts of the European Arctic in April 2018. By incorporating the derived aerosol optical and microphysical properties into a radiative transfer model, we assessed the ARE over the two locations. Our study displayed that even in neighboring Arctic upper tropospheric levels, aged aerosol was transformed due to the interplay of removal processes (nucleation scavenging and dry deposition) and alteration of the aerosol source regions (northeast Asia and north Europe). Along the intra-Arctic transport, the coarse aerosol mode was depleted and the visible wavelength Lidar ratio (LR) increased significantly (from 15 to 64–82 sr). However, the aerosol modifications were not reflected on the ARE. More specifically, the short-wave (SW) atmospheric column ARE amounted to +4.4 - +4.9 W m−2 over the ice-covered Fram Strait and +4.5 W m−2 over the snow-covered Ny-Ålesund. Over both locations, top-of-atmosphere (TOA) warming was accompanied by surface cooling. These similarities can be attributed to the predominant accumulation mode, which drives the SW radiative budget, as well as to the similar layer altitude, solar geometry, and surface albedo conditions over both locations. However, in the context of retreating sea ice, the ARE may change even along individual transport episodes due to the ice albedo feedback.
- Published
- 2020
50. Aerosol Investigation During the Arctic Haze Season of 2018: Optical and Microphysical Properties
- Author
-
Nakoudi, Konstantina, Böckmann, Christine, Ritter, Christoph, Pefanis, Vasileios, Maturilli, Marion, Bracher, Astrid, Neuber, Roland, Nakoudi, Konstantina, Böckmann, Christine, Ritter, Christoph, Pefanis, Vasileios, Maturilli, Marion, Bracher, Astrid, and Neuber, Roland
- Published
- 2020
Catalog
Discovery Service for Jio Institute Digital Library
For full access to our library's resources, please sign in.