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In this paper, the optimization and characteristics analysis of a three-phase 12/8 switched reluctance motor (SRM) based on a Grey Wolf Optimizer (GWO) for electric vehicles (EVs) application is presented. This research aims to enhance the output torque density of the proposed SRM. Finite element method (FEM) was used to analyze the characteristics and optimization process of the proposed motor. The proposed metaheuristic GWO combines numerous objective functions and design constraints with different weight factors. Maximum flux density, current density, and motor volume are selected as the optimization constraints, which play a significant role in the optimization process. GWO performs optimization for each iteration and sends it to FEM software to analyze the performance before starting another iteration until the optimized value is found. Simulations are employed to understand the characteristics of the proposed motor. Finally, the optimized prototype motor is manufactured and performance is verified by experiment. It is shown that the torque can be increased by 120% for the same outer volume, by using the proposed method.

Measurements of physico-acoustic properties at ultrasonic level have been studied intensively for the binary mixture of 2-Butanol + m-Xylene system as a function of the composition at 298.15K to 323.15K by 5K intervals and at atmospheric pressure. Acoustic impedance(Z), excess acoustic impedance (ZE) and molar sound velocity (R) have been evaluated from the experimental values of speeds of sound and densities. The variation of these properties with composition and temperature suggests the presence of diopole-induced dipole interactions, hydrogen bond, induced electrostatic and dispersion forces. The observed negative values of ZE over the entire composition range of the system reinforce significant interactions between unlike molecules those dominate over other types. The variation of molar sound velocity (R) of the entire mixture suggests the rarefaction of the liquid mixture under study.