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The retrospective cohort study was done to analyze the characteristics of patients who needed a blood transfusion due to epistaxis-caused anemia and to define potential risk factors. A total cohort of 330 epistaxis patients, prospectively included between March 2007 and April 2008 at the ENT departments of the Holy Family Red Crescent Medical College Hospital Dhaka, Taqwah specialized Hospital, Dhaka & Insaf Barakah Kidney Hospital Dhaka, was evaluated concerning the need for blood transfusions. The clinical charts and medical histories of these patients were evaluated. Common parameters that increase the riskfor severe anemia due to epistaxis. Twelve patients required blood transfusions due to their medical condition. 22.7% suffered from traumatic nosebleeds. Another 27.3% had a known medical condition with an increased bleeding tendency. These proportions were significantly higher than in the group of patients without need of blood transfusion. The odds ratio for receiving a blood transfusion was 14.0 in patients with hematologic disorders, 4.3 in traumatic epistaxis and 7.7 in posterior bleeders. The transfusion-dependent epistaxis patients suffered significantly more often from severe posterior nosebleeds with the need for a surgical therapeutic approach. Patients with severe nosebleeds either from the posterior part of the nose or with known hematologic disorders or traumatic epistaxis should be closely monitored by blood parameter analyses to evaluate the indication for blood transfusion.

A cross sectional study was done in the department of otolaryngology of Central Police Hospital. Rajarbagh, Dhaka., during the period of January 2005 to December 2007 to find out noise induced hearing loss of traffic polices and to raise awareness for early diagnosis and treatment and also preventive measures of noise induced hearing loss. 'Thirty patients who were diagnosed as a case of hearing impairment by detailed history, clinical examination and related investigations were included in the study who were exposed to noise 0-20 years. Common chief complaints of the patients were impairment of hearing (100%), Minims (50%), dizziness (20%), aural discharge (6.66)%. Medical history of 11w patients were diabetes (6.66%) and hypertension (26.66 %). 40 % patients were smoker and 60 % patients were non smoker. A ssoc jar ed other disease like chronic supporative otitis media (CSOM) t vas present in 13.33 %. Pure tone audiometry revealed normal hearing 3.3 %, conductive hearing loss 10 %, sensorineural hearing loss 73.33 %, mixed hearing loss 13.33 % and normal hearing 6.66 %, mild hearing loss 50 To, moderate type of hearing loss 36.66 % and moderately severe 3.33 %, severe hearing loss were 3.33 %. Treatment of the patients were given by vitamin 13,, Lli, B6, cochlear vasodilators such as vinpocetine and hearing aids. Patients were advised to Hume to other department of police service. those traffic police persons are vulnerable of noise induced hearing loss determined by patients complain, clinical examination and investigations like PTA, were advised to be changed to other department of police service.

The aim of this study was to assess hearing improvement after myringoplasty within ten weeks following surgery. The study population consisted of 30 patients who were suffering from CSOM-77". Pre-operative and post-operative eraminations of the patients were conducted clinically as well as audiologically. Pre-and post-operative air-bone (A-B) gap were calculated by raking the averages of bone conduction and air conduction at the frequencies of 300. 1000 and 2000 Hz. Myringoplasty was done with underlay technique under general anaesthesia by postaural approach. Temporal 'muck fascia was used as grafting material for reconstruction of the tympanic membrane. Pre-operatively, air-bone gap of 30 db or more was observed in 39 (78%) patients whereas post-operatively A-B gap of 30 db or mare was observed in only one patient. Using hearings gain exceeding 15 dB as the criterion. 39 (78%) patients had their hearing gain exceeding 15 dB. Using post-operative A-B gap within 20 dB as the criterion. 42 (84%) patients had their A-8 gap within 20 dB. Myringoplasty is a beneficial procedure for hearing improvement. Using the proportion of patients with a post-operative A-B gap of 30 dB as the criterion, in this study. 98% of patients achieved their A-B gap closer within 30 dB. Using hearing gain exceeding 15 dB as the criterion, 78% patient had their hearing gain exceeding 15 dB.

Functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) is the minimally invasive procedure to clear the disease process from nose and pansnasal sinuses like chronic maxillary sinusitis and to restore aeration and normal nutcocilliary function of sinuses. FESS has recently become a popular technique among the otolatyngologists of Bangladesh. The use of endoscope during FESS improves visualization, enables greater preservation of normal structures and reduces the necessity for wide exposure of operation fields. The result suggests that FESS is a safe and effective method in the treatment of chronic maxillary sinusitis. This study of 50 cases was done front January 2007 to December 2007 at Holy Family Red Crescent Medical College Hospital where FESS is routinely done for the management of chronic maxillary sinusitis. In this study, 76% (38) were completely free from symptom, 16% (08) improved, 4% (02) encountered recurrence of symptom and persistence of symptom observed in another 4% (02) cases. Most of the patients (62%) in this series of FESS were operated without facing any difficulties. Majority of the patients (94%) were released from the hospital within two days of FESS. No post-operative complication was found in 62% patients. FESS for inflammatory sinus diseases is now well established but one should be cautious about the complications associated with Otis technique.

Hearing loss due to chronic exposure to noise, the Noise Induced Hearing Loss (NMI has been associated with industries for many years and NIHL has become an alarming situation for the authorities all over the world. The size of the problem in Bangladesh is not known. Textile industry is one of the most noise producing industries. So. this study was undertaken in one of the textile industries at Narshindi to find out the prevalence. type and severity of NIHL among the workers. The working population of this study industry was 2100 out of which 100 were randomly selected for the study. Our of 100 subjects. 26 (26%) were found to have NHL The industry had six departments where study was carried out. The noise intensity levels of each department were measured. Highest intensity of noise was in generator department and lowest in administration department, 97 dB to 10 dB and 45 dB to 50 dB respectively. Average duration of exposure to noise of each subject at various departments in a working day wax between 11.33 and 12.17 hours. No NIHL was found in administration department. The highest percentage (53.33%) of NHL was found in generator department. Dyeing department having highest &trariau of employment of 9.58 years had N1HL in 43.75%. Factors that were found to be important for developing NIHL were intensity or loudness of noise to which the person was exposed and the cuomdative duration of exposure. More than fourth of the employees had NIHL who worked at a noise intensity level 82 dB to 102 dB in contrast to none who worked at 45 dB to 50 dB.