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We tested 41 bats for antibodies against Nipah and Hendra viruses to determine whether henipaviruses circulate in pteropid fruit bats (Pteropus giganteus) in northern India. Twenty bats were seropositive for Nipah virus, which suggests circulation in this species, thereby extending the known distribution of henipaviruses in Asia westward by >1,000 km. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Human milk provides nutrients essential for infant growth and health, levels of which are dynamic during lactation., Methods: In this study, changes in macronutrients, fatty acids, and plasmin activities over the first six months of lactation in term milk were studied., Results: There was a significant influence of lactation stage on levels of protein and plasmin activities, but not on levels of fat and carbohydrate in term milk. Concerning fatty acids in term milk, levels of caproic acid and α-linolenic acid increased significantly ( p < 0.05), whereas those of arachidonic acid and docosahexaenoic acid decreased, in the six months after birth. Significant impacts of maternal pre-pregnancy BMI and infant gender on fatty acid profiles were also found. Multivariate statistical analysis showed that protein level, plasmin activity, and several fatty acids (α-linolenic acid, lignoceric acid, and docasadienoic acid) contributed strongly to discrimination of milk from different lactational stages., Discussion: The study demonstrates that not all but some fatty acids were influenced by lactation, whereas protein and protease levels showed clear decreasing trends during lactation, which may help in understanding the nutritional requirements of infants., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2023 Meng, Uniacke-Lowe, Lanfranchi, Meehan, O'Shea, Dennehy, Ryan, Stanton and Kelly.)

Introduction: The intestinal microbiome in early life plays a major role in infant health and development. Factors like antibiotic exposure, breast/formula feeding and mode of delivery are known to affect the microbiome. The increasing occurrence of caesarean section (C-section) deliveries and antibiotic exposure warrants further insight into the potential missing microbes in those infants. The study objective is to study the effect of maternal antibiotic administration during pregnancy and/or C-section mode of delivery on the development of the infant's intestinal microbiome until the age of 2 years., Methods and Analysis: A single site, cross-sectional observational study of C-section and vaginally delivered infants being either exposed to maternal antibiotic treatment or not during the third trimester of pregnancy. Throughout the nine visits, stool, urine, saliva, hair, breast milk and vaginal swabs will be collected from either mother and/or infant for microbiome and metabolomic analysis., Ethics and Dissemination: The protocol was approved by the Clinical Research Ethics Committee of the Cork Teaching Hospitals. The trial has been registered at ClinicalTrials.gov.The findings from this study will be disseminated in peer-reviewed journals, during scientific conferences, and directly to the study participants. Sequencing data will be deposited in public databases., Trial Registration Number: NCT04134819., Competing Interests: Competing interests: JFC has been an invited speaker at meetings organised by Mead Johnson, Yakult, Nutricia, Pepsi and Friesland Campina and has received research funding from Cremo, IFF, Pharmavite, Mead Johnson and Nutricia; and has been a consultant for Nestle. SDF is an employee of IFF Health & Biosciences that manufactures and commercialises probiotics, while EP was an employee of IFF Health & Biosciences at the time this manuscript was prepared., (© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2022. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.)

Background: Cardiac rehabilitation programs provide a comprehensive framework for the institution of secondary preventive measures. Smartphone technology can provide a platform for the delivery of such programs and is a promising alternative to hospital-based services. However, there is limited evidence to date supporting this approach. Accordingly, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis examining smartphone-based secondary prevention programs to traditional cardiac rehabilitation in patients with established coronary artery disease to ascertain the feasibility and effectiveness of these interventions., Methods: A systematic search of PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library was conducted. A meta-analysis was performed using a random-effects model with the outcomes of interest being 6-minute walk test (6MWT) distance, systolic blood pressure, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, and body mass index (BMI)., Results: A total of 8 studies with 1120 patients across 5 countries were included in the quantitative analysis. Follow-up ranged from 6 weeks to 12 months. Five studies examined all patients post acute coronary syndrome, 2 studies examined only patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention, and 1 study examined all patients with a diagnosis of coronary artery disease, independent of intervention. Exercise capacity, as measured by the 6MWT, was significantly greater in the smartphone group (20.10 meters, 95% confidence interval [CI] 7.44-33.97; P  < .001; I 2  = 45.58). There was no significant difference in BMI reduction, systolic blood pressure, or LDL cholesterol levels between groups ( P value for all > .05)., Conclusion: Publicly available smartphone-based cardiac rehabilitation programs are a convenient and easily disseminated intervention which show merit in exercise promotion in patients with established coronary artery disease. Further research is required to establish the clinical significance of recent findings favoring their use., Competing Interests: Declaration of Conflicting Interests:The author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article., (© The Author(s) 2020.)